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Space Applications for Civil Protection

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Space Applications for Civil Protection Space Applications for Civil Protection A Roadmap for Civil Protection with Particular Interest to SatCom as Contribution to the Polish EU Council Presidency in 2011 Report 37 September 2011 Erich Klock Mildred Trögeler Short title: ESPI Report 37 ISSN: 2076-6688 Published in September 2011 Price: €11 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 37; September 2011. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before pub- lishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 37 2 September 2011 Space Applications for Civil Protection Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 9 2. Previous User-Driven Activities Initiated by ESA 11 2.1 ESA Short Term Action Plan 11 2.2 ESA Proposal for a Satellite Communication Programme in Support of Civil Protection 12 2.3 CiProS Project 14 2.4 IP-based Services via Satellite for Civil Protection 16 2.5 The “Decision” Project: Multinational Telecoms Adapter 17 2.6 Multinational Pan European Satellite Telecommunication Adapter 19 3. ESPI Workshop “Space for Civil Protection” 21 3.1 Workshop Description 21 3.2 National Strategies and Perspectives 22 3.2 1 Austria 22 3.2.2 France 23 3.2.3 Germany 23 3.2.4 Hungary 24 3.2.5 Italy 25 3.2.6 Poland 25 3.2.7 Romania 28 3.3 Summary of the Roundtable Discussions 29 3.3.1 Importance of Satellite Communication for Civil Protection 29 3.3.2 ESA’s User Driven Approach 30 3.3.3 Active Information Flow of Lessons Learned 30 3.3.4 Interoperability and Standardisation 30 3.4 Shortcomings and User Requirements 31 4. International and European Regulatory Framework 35 4.1 International Charter Space and Major Disasters 35 4.2 The Tampere Convention 37 4.2.1 The Scope and Mechanism of the Tampere Convention 37 4.2.2 Lessons Learned 39 4.2.3 Current EU Civil Protection Regulatory Framework and Actions 40 4.2.4 Review of the EU Civil Protection Regulatory Framework 42 4.2.5 Next Steps 43 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 46 List of Acronyms 50 ESPI Report 37 3 September 2011 Annex 52 A.1 Organisation of Civil Protection Activities in Countries that Participated in the ESPI Workshop 52 A.1.1 Austria 52 A.1.2 France 53 A.1.3 Germany 54 A.1.4 Hungary 55 A.1.5 Italy 56 A.1.6 Poland 57 A.1.7 Romania 58 A.2 Workshop Programme 60 Acknowledgements 62 About the Authors 62 ESPI Report 37 4 September 2011 Space Applications for Civil Protection Executive Summary use is insufficient, especially for high speed Background data services, given the limited training and expertise of CP staff in using the equipment. Space-based applications, i.e. earth observa- Finally, at the current state of the art no in- tion, navigation and SatCom, are crucial to stitutional satellite service is available that increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of can satisfy the security, QoS and availability operations conducted by the European Civil requirements of CP users. Protection (CP) community. Major emergen- cies, in particular, have exposed shortfalls in To overcome these shortcomings and to im- the availability of telecommunications capac- prove the overall operational capabilities of ity in their aftermath (e.g. Hurricane Katrina, CP agencies in Europe, the European Space the Haiti earthquake and the Pakistan floods). Agency (ESA) has initiated a considerable Terrestrial communications are often unavail- number of user driven activities. In 2006, it able during such emergencies. In rescue and proposed and introduced a Short Term Action relief operations, early response capability Plan. This comprises the selection and im- and the re-establishment of telecommunica- plementation of pilot projects showing a clear tion links are of utmost importance for saving Pan-European interest, as well as the estab- lives. Satellite communication systems pro- lishment of an Advisory Board with the task vide a robust network that is largely unob- of monitoring these pilot projects and making structed by events on the earth’s surface. In recommendations on the scope of any subse- both coverage and capacity, they can re- quent programme. The Short Term Action spond to disaster situations more flexibly Plan has further developed into a long term than terrestrial systems. Thus, the use of programme proposed by ESA. This proposal satellite communications allows CP agencies pursues the objectives of: achieving joint to improve their overall operational capabili- SatCom procurement; lobbying on regulatory ties. Nowadays satellite communications are and licensing issues; and training and stan- widely recognised by CP agencies as provid- dardisation by creating a permanent Satellite ing a resilient, complementary solution that Forum and a Centre of Expertise. However, can increase their effectiveness not only for as the “critical mass” of participating States command and control but also for delivering has not been able to approve this pro- information derived from Geographical In- gramme, it remains a draft document for the formation Systems (GIS). In addition, satel- time being. lite communications can contribute to asset This study reflects the outcome of an ESPI tracking systems, which in turn depend upon workshop organised in the framework of the the use of satellite earth observation and ESA Integrated Applications Promotion (IAP) navigation services. Even though a previous programme, in which experts from national ESA survey of European CP agencies con- CP agencies in Eastern and Central European firmed the value of satellite services, various countries discussed possible ways of enhanc- practical problems have restricted their wider ing existing services and developing new use. Firstly, there are difficulties in obtaining services in the field of CP through the use of sufficient bandwidth at short notice, due in satellite-based services. part to competition with other customers (e.g. the media) and difficulties in coordinat- The study is presented in four main parts, the ing multiple users and suppliers. Secondly, first of which provides an overview of the the costs of satellite services are often con- current status of CP in Europe, including the siderably higher than those of terrestrial tele- drawbacks of the current systems and ESA’s communications, making the use of satellite past user-driven activities to overcome these services unaffordable for many emergency shortcomings. The second part delineates the response teams, especially when requesting national strategies and perspectives of CP high speed data and video services. Thirdly, agencies of selected European States with the equipment used by European civil agen- the focus on satellite-based applications that cies consists mainly of commercial devices were presented during the workshop. Based that vary at national and local level. This on the summary of the roundtable discus- leads to problems of interoperability between sions, the current shortcomings in the use of different task forces. Furthermore, ease-of- satellite-based services and the user re- ESPI Report 37 5 September 2011 quirements of the CP community are identi- in assuring a robust and reliable communica- fied in a more general manner. The third part tion system for CP authorities. Because of the of the study assesses whether the interna- high costs of space-based services, satellite tional and European regulatory framework communication is mainly used as a back-up effectively meets the needs and requirements and for voice communication. Nevertheless, of the CP community and how it should be the transmission of massive amount of data shaped to guarantee not only legal certainty in real or near-real time is becoming more but also an effective mechanism to respond important for future CP operations. The to disasters in a timely and flexible manner. transmission of relevant data is crucial for This part reviews recent developments at EU effective emergency management as it also level with respect to the review of the EU CP improves the monitoring of emergencies. legislation. Finally, recommendations focus A user driven approach is necessary to meet on measures to improve the overall opera- the needs of relevant users and to overcome tional effectiveness of CP users through the the current gaps in services. Moreover, it use of SatCom. helps in understanding the needs of both users and industry as there is still a lack of Workshop communication between the different stake- holders. To do this, CP actors have to clearly On 5 and 6 May 2011, ESPI, in its capacity as formulate their requirements for services in IAP Ambassador Platform for the Central and order for them to be provided with appropri- Eastern European region (APCEE), together ate satellite-based solutions. The way for- with the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Inte- ward for improving the use of satellite-based rior (BM.I) and the Austrian Aeronautics and services by the CP community does not nec- Space Agency (ALR) of the Austrian Research essarily lie in the development of new satel- Promotion Agency (FFG) organised a work- lites. ESA’s IAP programme promotes a user shop on “Space for Civil Protection”. This driven approach contrary to the traditional workshop brought representatives of the Civil technology pushed programmes. The pro- Protection community from different coun- gramme aims to provide solutions to the tries together with technical experts.
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