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Freissler, Bakk MASTERARBEIT Für ein Europa der Nationen. Zur Kooperation rechtsnationaler Parteien in der Europäischen Union unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs. Verfasser: Maximilian Freissler, Bakk. phil. zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades „Master of Arts (M.A.)“ Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl: 066/905 Studienrichtung: Masterstudium Soziologie Betreuung: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Roland Verwiebe Persönliche Erklärung Ich versichere mit dieser Erklärung, dass ich die vorliegende schriftliche Arbeit selbstständig verfasst habe. Dafür habe ich nur die in dieser Arbeit in nachprüfbarer Weise zitierte und aufgelistete Literatur bzw. Quellen verwendet. Alle Ausführungen der Arbeit, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß übernommen wurden, sind als solche gekennzeichnet. Weiters versichere ich, dass ich diese Arbeit noch an keinem anderen Institut oder an einer Universität zur Beurteilung vorgelegt habe. Datum: 19.01.2011 Unterschrift: Maximilian Freissler Danksagung Die erfolgreiche Absolvierung eines Studiums erscheint nur auf den ersten Blick als die Leistung einer einzelnen Person; ebenso dürfen dabei auch jene Menschen bedacht werden, ohne deren vielfältige Zuwendung ein solches Projekt wohl kaum hätte erfolgreich sein können. Meine Gedanken richten sich hierbei insbesondere an meine Eltern, Andrea und Herwig Freissler, welche meinen Bildungsweg stets wohlwollend begleitet haben und mir dabei jede ihnen mögliche Unterstützung zukommen ließen. Auch meinen Großeltern, Marlene und Stefan Blassnigg, bin ich zu großem Dank verpflichtet - durch ihren Beistand konnte ich mein Studium auch in finanziell knappen Situationen ohne größere Verzögerungen fortsetzen. Danken möchte ich zudem Iga Ziarko für ihre bemerkenswerte Geduld, ihr fachkundiges Interesse sowie das kritische Lektorat - ohne sie hätte ich meiner Forschung wohl kaum in der gegebenen Form nachgehen können. Ebenso danke ich Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Roland Verwiebe für die umfassende, mich in zusätzlichem Maße motivierende Betreuung. Bei dieser Gelegenheit möchte ich mich auch nochmals herzlich für die Gesprächsbereitschaft und freundliche Unterstützung meiner Interviewpartner bedanken. Ohne das Sachverständnis wie auch das terminliche Entgegenkommen von Mag. Ulrike Lunacek (Die Grünen), Ass.Prof. Mag. Dr. Josef Melchior (Universität Wien), Wendelin Mölzer (FPÖ), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Anton Pelinka (Central European University of Budapest), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Sonja Puntscher Riekmann (Universität Salzburg), Dr. Hannes Swoboda (SPÖ), Dr. Bernhard Tomaschitz (FPÖ), Dr. Peter Ulram (GfK Austria) und Mag. Patrick Voller (ÖVP) wäre die vorliegende Arbeit wohl nie zustande gekommen. Inhalt 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Forschungsinteresse und Fragestellung ........................................................................................................... 4 3. Theorie der europäischen Vergesellschaftung ................................................................................................ 8 3.1. Die europäische Integration ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1. Pläne zur europäischen Einigung bis 1945 .............................................................................................. 9 3.1.2. Geschichte der europäischen Integration nach 1945 ............................................................................. 11 3.1.3. Die europäische Integration als Elitenprozess ....................................................................................... 16 3.2. Horizontale Europäisierung ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.3. Subjektive Europäisierung ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.4. Genese einer europäischen Gesellschaft? .................................................................................................... 25 4. Methodisches Vorgehen .................................................................................................................................. 30 4.1. Experteninterviews ...................................................................................................................................... 31 4.2. Inhaltsanalyse .............................................................................................................................................. 35 5. Das transnationale Netzwerk der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) .............................................. 39 5.1. Über das Erstarken der europäischen Rechten............................................................................................. 41 5.1.1. Hintergründe und Ursachen ................................................................................................................... 42 5.1.2. Entwicklung der freiheitlichen Europapolitik........................................................................................ 46 5.2. Formen der Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation ........................................................................................... 51 5.2.1. Bilaterale Beziehungen, „Freundschaften“ ............................................................................................ 52 5.2.2. Parteienbündnisse: Allianzen, Föderationen.......................................................................................... 58 5.2.3. EU-Parlamentsfraktion .......................................................................................................................... 63 5.2.4. Europapartei .......................................................................................................................................... 69 5.2.5. Globales Bündnis................................................................................................................................... 74 5.3. Mögliche Partner und deren Legitimation ................................................................................................... 77 5.4. Motivlagen und Nutzenziehung ................................................................................................................... 81 5.4.1. Symbolische Politik ............................................................................................................................... 83 5.4.2. Instrumentelle Politik ............................................................................................................................ 86 5.5. Gemeinsame Themenfelder ......................................................................................................................... 89 5.5.1. Nationalstaatliche Autonomie und Souveränität ................................................................................... 91 5.5.2. Demokratiedefizit der Europäischen Union .......................................................................................... 92 5.5.3. Europa der Vaterländer ......................................................................................................................... 93 5.5.4. Migration und Zuwanderung ................................................................................................................. 94 5.5.5. Christliches Abendland vs. Islam .......................................................................................................... 96 5.5.6. Kritik am europäischen Integrations- und Erweiterungsprozess ........................................................... 97 5.5.7. Globalisierungskritik ............................................................................................................................. 99 5.6. Schwierigkeiten, Herausforderungen ........................................................................................................ 100 5.6.1. Systeminhärente Hürden ..................................................................................................................... 101 5.6.2. Soziostrukturelle Entwicklungen ........................................................................................................ 104 5.6.3. Heterogenität der Rechtsparteien ........................................................................................................ 107 6. Fazit ................................................................................................................................................................ 112 6.1. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse ............................................................................................................ 113 6.2. Schlussfolgerungen ................................................................................................................................... 116 6.3. Anschlussfragen ........................................................................................................................................ 119 Literaturverzeichnis .......................................................................................................................................... 120 Anhang ............................................................................................................................................................... 126 A1. Interviewtranskript Wendelin Mölzer ......................................................................................................
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