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Parliamentary, Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies Democracies Are Often Classified According to the Form of Government That They Have
Parliamentary, Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies Democracies are often classified according to the form of government that they have: • Parliamentary • Presidential • Semi-Presidential Legislative responsibility refers to a situation in which a legislative majority has the constitutional power to remove a government from office without cause. A vote of confidence is initiated by the government { the government must resign if it fails to obtain a legislative majority. A vote of no confidence is initiated by the legislature { the government must resign if it fails to obtain a legislative majority. A constructive vote of no confidence must indicate who will replace the government if the incumbent loses a vote of no confidence. A vote of no confidence is initiated by the legislature { the government must resign if it fails to obtain a legislative majority. A constructive vote of no confidence must indicate who will replace the government if the incumbent loses a vote of no confidence. A vote of confidence is initiated by the government { the government must resign if it fails to obtain a legislative majority. The defining feature of presidential democracies is that they do not have legislative responsibility. • US Government Shutdown, click here In contrast, parliamentary and semi-presidential democracies both have legislative responsibility. • PM Question Time (UK), click here In addition to legislative responsibility, semi-presidential democracies also have a head of state who is popularly elected for a fixed term. A head of state is popularly elected if she is elected through a process where voters either (i) cast a ballot directly for a candidate or (ii) they cast ballots to elect an electoral college, whose sole purpose is to elect the head of state. -
EUROPEAN COUNCIL − EURO SUMMIT 20-21 JUNE 2019 Stefan Löfven Prime Minister
OPTION 2 VARIATION FROM OPTION 1 > Using same grid to identity dierent types of patterns made up with lines BRUSSELS SWEDEN EUROPEAN COUNCIL − EURO SUMMIT 20-21 JUNE 2019 Stefan Löfven Prime Minister EUROPEAN COUNCIL UNITED KINGDOM Donald Tusk Theresa May President Prime Minister European Council ROMANIA EUROPEAN COMMISSION Klaus Werner Iohannis President Jean-Claude Juncker President AUSTRIA Brigitte Bierlein EUROPEAN EXTERNAL ACTION SERVICE Federal Chancellor Federica Mogherini High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy BELGIUM Charles Michel GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF THE COUNCIL Prime Minister Jeppe Tranholm-Mikkelsen Secretary-General BULGARIA Boyko Borissov Prime Minister GUESTS CROATIA EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Andrej Plenković Antonio Tajani Prime Minister President CYPRUS EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK Nicos Anastasiades Mario Draghi President of the Republic President CZECHIA EUROGROUP Andrej Babiš Mário Centeno Prime Minister President DENMARK Lars Løkke Rasmussen Prime Minister RS 214/2019 OPTION 2 VARIATION FROM OPTION 1 > Using same grid to identity dierent types of patterns made up with lines ÉIRE/IRELAND LITHUANIA Leo Varadkar Dalia Grybauskaitė The Taoiseach President of the Republic ESTONIA LUXEMBOURG Jüri Ratas Xavier Bettel Prime Minister Prime Minister FINLAND MALTA Antti Rinne Joseph Muscat Prime Minister Prime Minister FRANCE THE NETHERLANDS Emmanuel Macron Mark Rutte President of the Republic Prime Minister GERMANY POLAND Angela Merkel Mateusz Morawiecki Federal Chancellor Prime Minister GREECE PORTUGAL -
Dear President, Dear Ursula, We Welcome the Letter of 1 March That
March 8, 2021 Dear President, dear Ursula, We welcome the letter of 1 March that you received from Chancellor Merkel and PM Frederiksen, PM Kallas and PM Marin. We share many of the ideas outlined in the letter. Indeed, there are some points that we find are of particular importance as we work to progress the digital agenda for the EU. We certainly agree that our agenda must be founded on a good mix of self-determination and openness. Our approach to digital sovereignty must be geared towards growing digital leadership by preparing for smart and selective action to ensure capacity where called for, while preserving open markets and strengthening global cooperation and the external trade dimension. Digital innovation benefits from partnerships among sectors, promoting public and private cooperation. Translating excellence in research and innovation into commercial successes is crucial to creating global leadership. The Single Market remains key to our prosperity and to the productivity and competitiveness of European companies, and our regulatory framework needs to be made fit for the digital age. We need a Digital Single Market for innovation, to eliminate barriers to cross-border online services, and to ensure free data flows. Attention must be paid to the external dimension where we should continue to work closely with our allies around the world and where in our interest, develop new partnerships. We need to make sure that the EU can be a leader of a responsible digital transformation. Trust and innovation are two sides of the same coin. Europe’s competitiveness should be built on efficient, trustworthy, transparent, safe and responsible use of data in accordance with our shared values. -
Good Government Nordic and East Asian Perspectives
Good Government Nordic and East Asian Perspectives Geir Helgesen and Uichol Kim in collaboration with Good_Govt.pm6 1 20/08/02, 10:16 First published in 2002 by NIAS Press Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Leifsgade 33, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark tel: (+45) 3254 8844 • fax: (+45) 3296 2530 E–mail: [email protected] • Website: http://www.niaspress.dk/ in collaboration with the Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) Typesetting by NIAS Press Printed and bound in Denmark by Hertz bogtrykkergården a/s Cover design by Nanna Bild © Geir Helgesen and Uichol Kim 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this volume may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of authors and publisher. The responsibility for facts and opinions expressed in this publication rests exclusively with the authors, and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers. Publication of this book was made possible thanks to economic support from the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies and the Danish Institute of International Affairs British Library Catalogue in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 87-91114-16-0 Good_Govt.pm6 2 20/08/02, 10:16 Contents Preface 5 The Research Network 6 Sponsors 6 East Asian Ideals: Harmony with Nature, Acknowledgementss 6 Self and Others 40 Introduction 7 Confucianism 41 Why is it important to understand East Asian societies 43 other societies? 7 Confucianism in modern East Asia 45 East Asia and the Nordic countries: Socialization -
Act on the Althing Ombudsman
Act No. 85/1997 on the Althing Ombudsman Article 1 Election of the Althing Ombudsman The Althing Ombudsman is elected by Althing for a period of four years. He shall fulfil the conditions provided by law as to fitness to hold the office of Supreme Court Justice and may not be a Member of Althing. In the event of the death of the Ombudsman, or his permanent incapacitation for other reasons, Althing shall hold a new election for the office. The same applies if the Ombudsman is released from his duties of his own volition, or if two thirds of the members of Althing vote to dismiss him. In case of a temporary absence of the Ombudsman the Speaker of Althing will appoint a substitute to act for him meanwhile. Article 2 Role of the Althing Ombudsman, etc. The role of the Althing Ombudsman is to monitor, on behalf of Althing and in such manner as is further stated in this Act, the administration of the State and local authorities, and to safeguard the rights of the citizens vis-a-vis the authorities. He shall ensure that the principle of equality is upheld in public administration and that such administration is otherwise conducted in conformity with the law and good administrative practice. The Ombudsman shall not, in the discharge of his functions, have to take instructions from anybody, Althing included. Article 3 Jurisdiction of the Althing Ombudsman The jurisdiction of the Althing Ombudsman extends to State and local administration. The Ombudsman's jurisdiction also extends to the activities of private parties insofar as they have been by law vested with public authority to decide as to individuals' rights and obligations in the sense of Article 1, para. -
European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast
Briefing May 2019 European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast Austria – 18 MEPs Staff lead: Nick Dornheim PARTIES (EP group) Freedom Party of Austria The Greens – The Green Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) (EPP) Social Democratic Party of Austria NEOS – The New (FPÖ) (Salvini’s Alliance) – Alternative (Greens/EFA) – 6 seats (SPÖ) (S&D) - 5 seats Austria (ALDE) 1 seat 5 seats 1 seat 1. Othmar Karas* Andreas Schieder Harald Vilimsky* Werner Kogler Claudia Gamon 2. Karoline Edtstadler Evelyn Regner* Georg Mayer* Sarah Wiener Karin Feldinger 3. Angelika Winzig Günther Sidl Petra Steger Monika Vana* Stefan Windberger 4. Simone Schmiedtbauer Bettina Vollath Roman Haider Thomas Waitz* Stefan Zotti 5. Lukas Mandl* Hannes Heide Vesna Schuster Olga Voglauer Nini Tsiklauri 6. Wolfram Pirchner Julia Elisabeth Herr Elisabeth Dieringer-Granza Thomas Schobesberger Johannes Margreiter 7. Christian Sagartz Christian Alexander Dax Josef Graf Teresa Reiter 8. Barbara Thaler Stefanie Mösl Maximilian Kurz Isak Schneider 9. Christian Zoll Luca Peter Marco Kaiser Andrea Kerbleder Peter Berry 10. Claudia Wolf-Schöffmann Theresa Muigg Karin Berger Julia Reichenhauser NB 1: Only the parties reaching the 4% electoral threshold are mentioned in the table. Likely to be elected Unlikely to be elected or *: Incumbent Member of the NB 2: 18 seats are allocated to Austria, same as in the previous election. and/or take seat to take seat, if elected European Parliament ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• www.eurocommerce.eu Belgium – 21 MEPs Staff lead: Stefania Moise PARTIES (EP group) DUTCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY FRENCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY GERMAN SPEAKING CONSTITUENCY 1. Geert Bourgeois 1. Paul Magnette 1. Pascal Arimont* 2. Assita Kanko 2. Maria Arena* 2. -
1. Debbie Abrahams, Labour Party, United Kingdom 2
1. Debbie Abrahams, Labour Party, United Kingdom 2. Malik Ben Achour, PS, Belgium 3. Tina Acketoft, Liberal Party, Sweden 4. Senator Fatima Ahallouch, PS, Belgium 5. Lord Nazir Ahmed, Non-affiliated, United Kingdom 6. Senator Alberto Airola, M5S, Italy 7. Hussein al-Taee, Social Democratic Party, Finland 8. Éric Alauzet, La République en Marche, France 9. Patricia Blanquer Alcaraz, Socialist Party, Spain 10. Lord John Alderdice, Liberal Democrats, United Kingdom 11. Felipe Jesús Sicilia Alférez, Socialist Party, Spain 12. Senator Alessandro Alfieri, PD, Italy 13. François Alfonsi, Greens/EFA, European Parliament (France) 14. Amira Mohamed Ali, Chairperson of the Parliamentary Group, Die Linke, Germany 15. Rushanara Ali, Labour Party, United Kingdom 16. Tahir Ali, Labour Party, United Kingdom 17. Mahir Alkaya, Spokesperson for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, Socialist Party, the Netherlands 18. Senator Josefina Bueno Alonso, Socialist Party, Spain 19. Lord David Alton of Liverpool, Crossbench, United Kingdom 20. Patxi López Álvarez, Socialist Party, Spain 21. Nacho Sánchez Amor, S&D, European Parliament (Spain) 22. Luise Amtsberg, Green Party, Germany 23. Senator Bert Anciaux, sp.a, Belgium 24. Rt Hon Michael Ancram, the Marquess of Lothian, Former Chairman of the Conservative Party, Conservative Party, United Kingdom 25. Karin Andersen, Socialist Left Party, Norway 26. Kirsten Normann Andersen, Socialist People’s Party (SF), Denmark 27. Theresa Berg Andersen, Socialist People’s Party (SF), Denmark 28. Rasmus Andresen, Greens/EFA, European Parliament (Germany) 29. Lord David Anderson of Ipswich QC, Crossbench, United Kingdom 30. Barry Andrews, Renew Europe, European Parliament (Ireland) 31. Chris Andrews, Sinn Féin, Ireland 32. Eric Andrieu, S&D, European Parliament (France) 33. -
Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'S Indian-Born Premier
Contents Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'s Indian-Born Premier In an attempt to hang onto power and to stage a comeback in the court of public opinion after the resignation of Glen Clark, the beleaguered NDP government of British Columbia picks Ujjal Dosanjh as party leader and premier. The former attorney general of the province was selected following a process that itself was not without controversy. As a Canadian pioneer, Dosanjh becomes the first Indian-born head of government in Canada. A role model as well, the new premier has traveled far to a nation that early in the 1900s restricted Indian immigration by an order-in-council. Ironically, Dosanjh, no stranger to controversy and personal struggle, is the grandson of a revolutionary who was jailed by the British during India s fight for independence. Introduction The Ethnic Question A Troublesome Inheritance An Experiential Education The Visible Majority Multiculturalism in Canada Racial History in Canada Discussion, Research, and Essay Questions Comprehensive News in Review Study Modules Using both the print and non-print material from various issues of News in Review, teachers and students can create comprehensive, thematic modules that are excellent for research purposes, independent assignments, and small group study. We recommend the stories indicated below for the universal issues they represent and for the archival and historic material they contain. Vander Zalm: A Question of Accountability, May 1991 Glen Clark: Mandate Squandered? October 1999 Other Related Videos Available from CBC Learning Does Your Resource Collection Include These CBC Videos? Skin Deep: The Science of Race Who Is A Real Canadian? Introduction Ujjal Dosanjh: B.C.'s Indian-Born Premier On February 19, 2000, political history was made in British Columbia when the New Democratic Party chose Ujjal Dosanjh to be its new leader, and as a result, for the first time in Canada, an Indo-Canadian became head of government in a provincial legislature. -
The Similarities and the Differences in the Functioning of the European Right Wing: an Attempt to Integrate the European Conservatives and Christian Democrats
Journal of Social Welfare and Human Rights, Vol. 1 No. 2, December 2013 1 The Similarities and the Differences in the Functioning of the European Right Wing: An Attempt to Integrate the European Conservatives and Christian Democrats Dr. Kire Sarlamanov1 Dr. Aleksandar Jovanoski2 Abstract The text reviews the attempt of the European Conservative and Christian Democratic Parties to construct a common platform within which they could more effectively defend and develop the interests of the political right wing in the European Parliament. The text follows the chronological line of development of events, emphasizing the doctrinal and the national differences as a reason for the relative failure in the process of unification of the European right wing. The subcontext of the argumentation protrudes the ideological, the national as well as the religious-doctrinal interests of some of the more important Christian Democratic, that is, conservative parties in Europe, which emerged as an obstacle of the unification. One of the more important problems that enabled the quality and complete unification of the European conservatives and Christian Democrats is the attitude in regard to the formation of EU as a federation of countries. The weight down of the British conservatives on the side of the national sovereignty and integrity against the Pan-European idea for united European countries formed on federal basis, is considered as the most important impact on the unification of the parties from the right ideological spectrum on European land. Key words: Conservative Party, Christian Democratic Party, CDU European Union, European People’s Party. 1. Introduction On European land, the trend of connection of political parties on the basis of ideology has been notable for a long time. -
HEADS of STATE Protocol and Liaison Service HEADS of GOVERNMENT PUBLIC LIST MINISTERS for FOREIGN AFFAIRS
UNITED NATIONS HEADS OF STATE Protocol and Liaison Service HEADS OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC LIST MINISTERS FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS COUNTRY HEAD OF STATE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AFGHANISTAN His Excellency Same as Head of State His Excellency Mr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Mr. Salahuddin Rabbani Full Title President of the Islamic Republic of Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic Afghanistan of Afghanistan Date of Appointment 29-Sep-14 02-Feb-15 ALBANIA His Excellency His Excellency same as Prime Minister Mr. Ilir Meta Mr. Edi Rama Full Title President of the Republic of Albania Prime Minister and Minister for Europe and Foreign Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of the Affairs of the Republic of Albania Republic of Albania Date of Appointment 24-Jul-17 15-Sep-13 21-Jan-19 ALGERIA Son Excellence Son Excellence Son Excellence Monsieur Abdelkader Bensalah Monsieur Nour-Eddine Bedoui Monsieur Sabri Boukadoum Full Title Chef d'État de la République algérienne Premier Ministre de la République algérienne Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République démocratique et populaire démocratique et populaire algérienne démocratique et populaire Date of Appointment 09-Apr-19 31-Mar-19 31-Mar-19 31/05/2019 Page 1 of 66 COUNTRY HEAD OF STATE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS ANDORRA Son Excellence Son Excellence Son Excellence Monseigneur Joan Enric Vives Sicília Monsieur Xavier Espot Zamora Madame Maria Ubach Font et Son Excellence Monsieur Emmanuel Macron Full Title Co-Princes de la Principauté d’Andorre Chef du Gouvernement de la Principauté d’Andorre Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Principauté d’Andorre Date of Appointment 16-May-12 21-May-19 17-Jul-17 ANGOLA His Excellency His Excellency Mr. -
HIGH-LEVEL POLITICAL FORUM 2021 Statement by the Republic of Austria Delivered by Federal Minister for the EU and Constitution
HIGH-LEVEL POLITICAL FORUM 2021 Statement by the Republic of Austria Delivered by Federal Minister for the EU and Constitution at the Federal Chancellery of Austria H.E. Karoline EDTSTADLER New York, July 2021 Check against delivery Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, COVID 19 has plainly shown the importance of resilience and sustainability. The 2030 Agenda and SDGs, as agreed upon all Member States of the United Nations, form an important long-term framework for recovery strategies. The current challenges make it no longer a choice, but a necessity to accelerate innovative and decisive joint actions. Multilateralism, including EU efforts, is the necessary course of action. This pandemic highlights that we are all "in the same boat". This is the reason why we have to bear in mind that the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals have no borders by principle. They are a compass for decision-making and set out the issues that are viable for the future of our societies and the planet. At the same time, they contain a very strong potential for increased competitiveness and innovation. Austria’s commitment to the SDGs at all levels demonstrates that this agenda is of great importance to us: • Austria is very honoured that Chancellor Sebastian Kurz has been invited to open this year’s Ministerial Segment of the HLPF. • I have the pleasure to transmit this national statement for the general debate on behalf of Austria for the second time in a row. • Moreover, Austria was honoured to serve as co-facilitator of the recent ECOSOC/High-level Political Forum Review process. -
HUNGARY 1998 Macro-Level Data Questionnaire Part I: Data Pertinent
Macro-Data Questionnaire - HUNGARY 1998 Macro-Level Data Questionnaire Part I: Data Pertinent to the Election at which the Module was Administered 1. Variable number/name in the dataset that identifies the primary electoral district for each respondent. ____V114__________ 2. Names and party affiliation of cabinet-level ministers serving at the time of the dissolution of the most recent government. Name of Cabinet Member Name of the Office Held Political Party ---------------------- ----------------------- --------------- Gyula Horn Prime Minister MSZP Ferenc Baja Min. of Environment MSZP Judit Csiha Min. without portfolio supervising privatization MSZP Szabolcs Fazakas Min. of Industry MSZP Gyorgy Keleti Min. of Defence MSZP Peter Kiss Min. of Labour MSZP Mihaly Kokeny Min. of Health and Social Welfare MSZP Laszlo Kovacs Min. of Foreign Affairs MSZP Gabor Kuncze Min. of Interior SZDSZ Laszlo Lakos Min. of Agriculture MSZP Karoly Lotz Min. of Transportation and Communication SZDSZ Balint Magyar Min. of Education and Culture SZDSZ Peter Megyessy Min. of Finance MSZP Istvan Nikolits Min. without portfolio supervising secret services MSZP Pal Vastagh Min. of Justice MSZP 3. Political Parties (active during the election at which the module was administered). Year Ideological Family International Organization Name of Political Party Founded Party is Closest to Party Belongs to (if any) ----------------------- ------- ------------------- ---------------- ---------- Fidesz-MPP 1988 Christian Dem. Liberal International until 2000, then moved to European People's P. FKGP 1930* Agrarian the European People's P. suspended the FKGP's membership in 1992 KDNP 1988 Christian Dem. The European People's P. suspended the KDNP's membership in 1997 MDF 1988 Christian Dem. European People's P.