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The Year in Elections, 2013: the World's Flawed and Failed Contests

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The Year in Elections, 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martinez i Coma. 2014. The Year in Elections 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests. The Electoral Integrity Project. Published Version http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11744445 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 THE WORLD’S FLAWED AND FAILED CONTESTS Pippa Norris, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martínez i Coma February 2014 THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM The Electoral Integrity Project Department of Government and International Relations Merewether Building, HO4 University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Phone: +61(2) 9351 6041 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com Copyright © Pippa Norris, Ferran Martínez i Coma, and Richard W. Frank 2014. All rights reserved. Photo credits Cover photo: ‘Ballot for national election.’ by Daniel Littlewood, http://www.flickr.com/photos/daniellittlewood/413339945. Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 6 and 18: ‘Ballot sections are separated for counting.’ by Brittany Danisch, http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdanisch/6084970163/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 8: ‘Women in Pakistan wait to vote’ by DFID - UK Department for International Development, http://www.flickr.com/photos/dfid/8735821208/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 14: ‘Buena participación’ by Gabriel Flores Romero, http://www.flickr.com/photos/gabofr/7482482958/in/set- 72157630320052078. Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Printed and bound in Sydney, Australia. ISBN-10: 0646918222 ISBN-13: 978-0-646-91822-8 1 Page THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM Contents 1.Executive summary _________________________________________________________________________ 5 2. Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________ 6 3. The design of the survey ____________________________________________________________________ 7 The concept of electoral integrity ___________________________________________________________ 7 Measuring electoral integrity ______________________________________________________________ 7 The Electoral Integrity Project______________________________________________________________ 7 Election coverage _______________________________________________________________________ 7 Experts ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Time-period ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 Confidence intervals _____________________________________________________________________ 8 Download the PEI_2 datase _______________________________________________________________ 8 4. Summary of results ________________________________________________________________________ 9 Figure 1: The Perceptions of Electoral Integrity index (PEI) _______________________________________ 9 High integrity contests___________________________________________________________________ 10 Figure 2: PEI, democracy and development _________________________________________________ 10 Moderate integrity elections ______________________________________________________________ 11 Low integrity elections __________________________________________________________________ 11 World regions _________________________________________________________________________ 11 Figure 3: PEI by world region______________________________________________________________ 12 Figure 4: The world map of electoral integrity ________________________________________________ 12 Major problems during the electoral cycle ___________________________________________________ 12 Figure 5: The PEI electoral cycle ___________________________________________________________ 13 Figure 6: Performance of each stage during the electoral cycle___________________________________ 13 Looking Ahead _________________________________________________________________________ 14 Table 1: Summary results by election _______________________________________________________ 15 Table 2: Summary of results by global region _________________________________________________ 18 Table 3: Summary of indicators by types of regimes ___________________________________________ 18 5. Results by election ________________________________________________________________________ 19 Albania _______________________________________________________________________________ 20 Angola _______________________________________________________________________________ 21 Argentina _____________________________________________________________________________ 22 Armenia ______________________________________________________________________________ 23 Australia______________________________________________________________________________ 24 Austria _______________________________________________________________________________ 25 2 Azerbaijan ____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Page THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM Barbados _____________________________________________________________________________ 27 Belarus _______________________________________________________________________________ 28 Bhutan _______________________________________________________________________________ 29 Bulgaria ______________________________________________________________________________ 30 Burkina Faso __________________________________________________________________________ 31 Cambodia ____________________________________________________________________________ 32 Cameroon ____________________________________________________________________________ 33 Chile _________________________________________________________________________________ 34 Congo, Republic of _____________________________________________________________________ 35 Cuba _________________________________________________________________________________ 36 Cyprus _______________________________________________________________________________ 37 Czech Republic ________________________________________________________________________ 38 Czech Republic ________________________________________________________________________ 39 Czech Republic ________________________________________________________________________ 40 Djibouti ______________________________________________________________________________ 41 Ecuador ______________________________________________________________________________ 42 Equatorial Guinea ______________________________________________________________________ 43 Georgia ______________________________________________________________________________ 44 Georgia ______________________________________________________________________________ 45 Germany _____________________________________________________________________________ 46 Ghana _______________________________________________________________________________ 47 Grenada ______________________________________________________________________________ 48 Guinea _______________________________________________________________________________ 49 Honduras _____________________________________________________________________________ 50 Iceland _______________________________________________________________________________ 51 Iran __________________________________________________________________________________ 52 Israel ________________________________________________________________________________ 53 Italy _________________________________________________________________________________ 54 Japan ________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Japan ________________________________________________________________________________ 56 Jordan _______________________________________________________________________________ 57 Kenya ________________________________________________________________________________ 58 Korea, Republic of ______________________________________________________________________ 59 Kuwait _______________________________________________________________________________ 60 Kuwait _______________________________________________________________________________ 61 3 Lithuania _____________________________________________________________________________ 62 Page THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM Madagascar ___________________________________________________________________________ 63 Malaysia______________________________________________________________________________ 64 Maldives _____________________________________________________________________________ 65 Mali _________________________________________________________________________________ 66 Malta ________________________________________________________________________________ 67 Mauritania ____________________________________________________________________________ 68 Mexico _______________________________________________________________________________ 69 Micronesia, Federated
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