2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

Home , Warrington

Warrington Borough Council

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Warrington Borough Council

Local Authority Richard Moore Officer Department Environmental Protection

Address Warrington Borough Council

Telephone 01925 443000

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference ASR 2020 number Date June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Warrington Borough Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Warrington

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Air quality levels in 2019 for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has seen a further reduction when compared to the levels observed in 2018. The majority of Warrington has good air quality and meets the national objectives. Concentrations have further reduced at most locations within Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) with more locations now meeting the national standards. There still remain some areas though, close to major roads, where NO2 levels are high and that exceed the national objective limits.

Air quality levels do fluctuate year on year. It is important to assess the longer term trend due to the meteorology before any conclusion can be reached that air quality is significantly improving and emissions are reducing. The longer term trend though, is showing that NO2 is gradually improving generally. There are now a number of locations within the Warrington AQMA that now meet the national limits, whilst for the Motorway AQMA, monitoring is showing that the distance from the edge of the motorway could be reduced. The Council will consider in the 2020 ASR the trend of improvements and whether to amend the extents of the AQMAs. At this time, as precautionary approach and due to the traffic links of the roads, the Warrington AQMA and the Motorway AQMA, will remain in place and will not be amended at this time. This is particularly important as there are major schemes currently in construction, for example the Centre Park Link Road, that are expected to further influence air quality levels.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i Warrington Borough Council

Unlike the reduction in NO2 concentrations though, there has been an increase in particulate levels (PM10 and PM2.5) during 2019 compared to 2018. For PM10, whilst there has been an increase, levels remain below the national limits. Fine particulates, PM2.5, are expected to be adopted within national legislation at the same level as recommended within the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value.

PM2.5 levels have slightly increased compared to those observed in 2018 and, similar to 2016 and 2016, exceed the WHO guideline value. The AQAP and related policies have been developed to ensure that measures aimed at reducing NO2 are complementary to reducing PM2.5.

The Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) was formally adopted in April 2018. The main priority is to try to tackle the exceedances of NO2 and to improve air quality generally, not just within the AQMAs but across the wider borough. The AQAP sits alongside and inform major new Council policies, specifically the new emerging Local Plan and the updated Local Transport Plan (LTP4). A number of actions have now been completed and the aim is for the AQAP to be reviewed and amended with new measures included by the end of 2020.

The predominant source of pollution at a local level relates to road transport. When considering vehicle miles travelled on Warrington roads from the Department for Transport figures, traffic volumes have remained approximately the same during 2016, 2017 and 2018 for all vehicle types since reaching the peak in 2016. Figures for 2019 have not yet been released. In addition, ambitious growth plans for the borough emphasise the need for longer term action plans to be considered to ensure these are sustainable.

Whilst air quality levels are compared against the national objectives, the Council recognises that health benefits can still be realised by reducing pollution levels below these limits.

Local priorities revolve around a successful economy, reducing deprivation, improving the health inequalities across the wards. The Health and Wellbeing Strategy 2019 sets out the priority “Housing and the environment enable people to make healthy choices” and acknowledges “to be a healthy town, our environment and infrastructure must protect and promote good health and wellbeing considering issues such as air quality”.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii Warrington Borough Council

The Council recognises the need to deliver its ambitious plans for a strong local economy, and the need for new housing provision, within a sustainable environmental framework; and the opportunities and challenges this presents.

The emerging Local Plan will set out the housing and employment need for the borough until 2037. Current evidence indicates that we will require approximately 18,900 new homes and 362 Ha of employment land. The Local Plan growth, and associated increases in traffic, has been assessed for the air quality impacts as part of the AQAP. This concludes that nitrogen dioxide levels are expected to improve due to the increased uptake in low emission vehicles, but that PM2.5 concentration will see less of an improvement and will remain of concern.

The Council is committed to working with relevant partners, for example the Highways Agency, to develop actions to further improve air quality, and with Public Health England to gain health evidence and advice of health impacts at a local level.

The current AQMAs, air quality reports and air quality data is available to be viewed at https://www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality

Going forward the Council expects concentrations of NO2 to continue to improve as long as actions with the AQAP and LTP4 are enacted and emissions from the transport sector are reduced. The same improvements are not expected for PM2.5 and the focus will need to change to concentrate on measures to reduce sources of this pollutant.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

The AQAP was formally adopted in 2018. An Air Quality Programme Board to oversee implementation of the AQAP has been set up, chaired by the Director of Public Health, and includes Directors and senior management that oversee planning and transport alongside Portfolio Council members and a representative from Public Health England.

The focus has been on embedding air quality as a major aspect within the emerging Local Plan and the Local Transport Plan (LTP4). Actions have continued to aim at improving traffic flows, increasing cycling and use of travel planning.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii Warrington Borough Council

Specific actions completed in 2019 are:

• The Local Transport Plan (LTP4) has been adopted with sections on low emissions vehicles, active travel and consideration of air quality through the Plan.

• Warrington Intelligent Transport System along the A49 Winwick Road in the Warrington AQMA has been set up and show improvements in flows and reduced journey time. A mobile phone app is being developed for release in 2020.

• A Temporary Play Street event was successfully held in the summer of 2019. It is planned to expand this with online applications to encourage more events to be held.

A successful bid was made for the Defra 2019/20 Air Quality Grant to run an electric taxi scheme in 2020. This will involve the loan of an electric black cab to taxi operators for them to trial to encourage the uptake of electric taxis. The project will also include producing an electric taxi strategy for the borough to inform Council policies.

Conclusions and Priorities

NO2 concentrations in 2019 have seen a further reduction compared to those observed in 2018. A number of locations within AQMAs have reduced to below the objective level in 2019. There are though some locations within AQMAs, around the town centre, on Winwick Road, in Latchford and near to the motorway that are close to and exceed the national limits

PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations have increased during 2019 although remain below national standards. For PM2.5 though, as measured as a typical urban background, compared to the WHO guideline value, which is to be adopted into national legislation, this limit is exceeded.

The AQAP was adopted in 2018 and will supplement the emerging Local Plan and the new Local Transport Plan (LTP4). The AQAP will be reviewed in 2020 and revised, where necessary, for actions that have been completed and to consider new measures to be included, if appropriate.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iv Warrington Borough Council

The Council considers that actions contained within the AQAP should be prioritised and implemented in 2020, where possible, to improve air quality in order to meet the national objectives in the longer term. It is also acknowledged that actions to improve air quality have additional positive benefits by improving health and to deliver sustainable growth in the longer term. The focus of the AQAP is to improve air quality within the Warrington AQMA but also to improve concentration across the wider borough. Measures available to the Council to improve air quality though within the Motorway AQMA remain limited without support from Highways England.

2020 has seen the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to lockdown measures that significantly reduced transport use, NO2 levels significantly reduced. This is an atypical year so will affect trend analysis in the next ASR. It is though hoped, and expected, that lessons can be learnt for changes in travel behaviour and work patterns that could have long term benefits for improving air quality. This will be considered further within next year’s ASR.

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

Whilst the Council has a strategic position to improve air quality, there are many actions that can be taken individually by the public to reduce individual emissions. These include cycling and walking, improved driving style to reduce fuel cost and increased use of public transport. All these actions can have the additional benefit of improving health and wellbeing as well as making financial savings.

Additional information is available on the Council Website for Travel Warrington at: https://www.warrington.gov.uk/travelwarrington

Additional information on air quality, including advice on smoke control areas and monitoring data, is available on the Council website at: https://www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality

Further information on air quality and actions that can be taken is available by emailing the Environmental Protection team to: [email protected]

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 v Warrington Borough Council Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Warrington ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... iii Conclusions and Priorities ...... iv Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... v 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Warrington ...... 4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 12 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 14 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 14 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 14 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 14 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 15

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 15

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 19

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 19 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 21 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 40 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 46 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 51 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 58 Glossary of Terms ...... 59 References ...... 60

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vi Warrington Borough Council

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 10

Table A.1 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 21 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 22 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 26 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 32 Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results...... 34 Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 36 Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results ...... 37

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019 ...... 40

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 58

List of Figures

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 30 Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Average Concentrations within AQMAs ... 31 Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Average Concentration within Warrington AQMAs ...... 33 Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations ...... 35 Figure A.4 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations ...... 38 Figure A.5 – Comparison of PM2.5 PHOF indicator ...... 39

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vii Warrington Borough Council

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Warrington during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Warrington Borough Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 1 Warrington Borough Council

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Warrington Borough Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality

Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMAs.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 2 Warrington Borough Council

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air Level of Exceedance quality in (maximum the AQMA monitored/modelled Pollutant Action Plan influence concentration at a Date of s and Air One Line AQMA City / d by location of relevant Declarat Quality Descriptio Name Town roads exposure) ion Objectiv n controlled es by At Date of Now Name Link Highways Declaration Pub. England?

An area 50m from NO2 Warrington Motorway Declared roadside 47 41 Annual Warrington YES Air Quality 2018 www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality AQMA 2003 around the µg/m3 µg/m3 Mean Action Plan M62, M6 and M56

Around the NO2 town centre Warrington Warrington Declared 54 44 Annual Warrington and major NO Air Quality 2018 www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality AQMA 2016 µg/m3 µg/m3 Mean arterial Action Plan roads

☒ Warrington Borough Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMAs is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 3 Warrington Borough Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Warrington

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded “The Council has made progress with measures to address air quality in Warrington in 2018, such as adopting the AQAP for both of the AQMAs which includes measures such as the Warrington Intelligent Transport System. The Council have also identified priorities for 2019 including finalising the Local Plan for submission to the Secretary of State in Autumn 2019. On the basis of the evidence provided by the local authority the conclusions reached are acceptable for all sources and pollutants.”

The appraisal made some of recommendations, which have been addressed in this years’ report:

1. “QA/QC of the data was considered to be thorough, with annualisation of data carried out, a local bias adjustment factor used for the non-automatic network from local co-location and distance correction performed where required. However, example calculations are not included for distance correction. This is encouraged for future reports.”

2. “The annualisation calculations would also benefit from use of more than one continuous monitoring site (if appropriate sites are available), as per Box 7.9 of LAQM.TG(16).”

Summary of progress of measures

Warrington Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2019 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in the AQAP. www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 4 Warrington Borough Council

Key completed measures are:

• Sustainable Transport Strategies (Local Transport Plan 4)

Following consultation, the Local Transport Plan (LTP4) was formally adopted by the Council in December 2019. This contains a number of policies which will improve air quality which will be further expanded upon in an update of the AQAP.

• Procurement Strategies

A new Council Strategy has been adopted in January 2019. This includes a specific consideration for “minimising environmental impact” including use of low and zero emission vehicles and plant.

• Highways England/TfN Working Group

Air quality has been set up as a standing item on the agenda for the formal quarterly meetings undertaken with the Transport team. Highways England have confirmed though, that Defra do not require any actions or have any proposals to improve air quality for the Motorway network around Warrington. This remains a major barrier to try to improve air quality within the Motorway AQMNA.

• Warrington West Railway Station

The new railway station formally opened in December 2019. The car park serving the new railway station has 14 electric vehicle charging points to encourage uptake in low emission vehicles and significant cycle parking provision.

• Clean Air Zone Feasibility Study.

An initial feasibility scoping has been carried out as part of the Transformational Projects Study. At this stage within the LTP4, it is not proposed to take a Clean Air Zone forward due to the implementation cost compared to predicted benefit.

• Air Quality Webpage

The updated pages were published in July 2019. This now features interactive maps for Smoke Control Areas and the AQMAs plus information on health and for schools. This action is considered completed, but will remain under continuous review.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 5 Warrington Borough Council

Warrington Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

• Local Plan Review

The draft Local Plan includes an Environmental Protection policy for air quality and sustainable transport policies. A borough wide air quality assessment has been carried out to assess the air quality impacts from the predicted additional traffic generated by the housing and employment needs for the borough until 2037. This has assessed that air quality will improve over the life time of the Local Plan primarily due to national predicted uptakes in low emission vehicles. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations are expected to reduce by 22% by 2026 with only a minor number of locations exceeding the national objectives. All areas will meet the standards by 2036. Fine particulates,

PM2.5, have also been assessed and compared against the WHO guideline value.

PM2.5 is expected to see a 5% reduction in concentrations by 2036 but even in 2036 there is predicted to still be some areas that exceed the guideline value, irrespective of the Local Plan.

The council carried out a nine-week consultation on the Plan between April and June 2019, receiving more than 3,500 representations from the public, businesses, developers and statutory bodies. All of the responses have been carefully reviewed, and the council is now carrying out additional work to respond to these.

The main focus of this work is to ensure the council is able to deliver the necessary social, health, transport and green infrastructure to support Warrington’s projected growth. Given the importance of this work, submission of the Local Plan for examination is likely to be delayed until 2020.

• Environmental Protection SPD

An early draft of the document had been produced and will be adopted in line with the Local Plan.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 6 Warrington Borough Council

• Warrington Intelligent Transport System

The main project is completed but further work is required to validate the mobile phone application. Initial results show improvements in traffic flows with journey times on some lengths improved by up to 30%. The scheme is to be considered to be expanded to be used on other major roads within the Warrington AQMA depending upon funding.

• Chester Road Promenade Route

This will create a major new cycleway along Chester Road within the Warrington AQMA. Works are due to begin in the summer 2020.

• Centre Park Link Road

This is expected to reduce traffic volumes and improve flows within the town centre at Bridgefoot roundabout and improve town centre air quality. Construction work started in June 2019, with expected completion in late 2020.

• Burtonwood to Omega Shared Pathway

A proposed shared pedestrian and cycle way linking to a major employment area adjacent to the Motorway AQMA. Consultation has been completed and a public inquiry held in November. Start of works are now programmed for July 2020.

• Temporary Play Streets

Application forms and guidance documents have been developed. A trial event has been held during the summer 2019 with no adverse issues. This is to be expanded to online applications by the end of 2020.

Progress on the following measures has been slower than expected:

• Smoke Control Area Review

The majority of Warrington is designated as Smoke Control Areas. This is to be reviewed but was delayed awaiting the outcome of the national Clean Air Strategy and the Environment Bill, which are expected to set additional Smoke Control Area requirements. This measure has been postponed to await the outcome of the national guidance.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 7 Warrington Borough Council

• Western Link Road

This major new road is proposed to significantly reduce traffic in the town centre and within the Warrington AQMA. The proposal is now accepted on the Department of Transport’s Programme of Entry schemes. Detailed design and a formal planning application is expected by the end of 2020. Scheme funding and approval remains subject to approval from the Department of Transport.

• School, Nursery, Care Home Action Group

No formal group has been set up but meetings have been held with the Council’s Schools advisor and travel planning team. Air quality monitoring has been carried out at one primary school as part of lesson plans.

A bid was submitted under the Defra Air Quality Grant 2018 for funding for a major schools project to support this action. Unfortunately this bid was unsuccessful.

An anti-idling campaign outside schools was proposed for May 2020 to coincide with Walk to School Week. This has been postponed due to the Covid-19 outbreak.

• PM2.5 Monitoring

A bid was submitted under the Defra Air Quality Grant 2018 for funding to trial new sensors. Unfortunately this bid was unsuccessful. At the moment there is no funding allocated for this action and, at this time, the Council is unable to complete this action.

Warrington Borough Council’s priorities for the coming year are to revise and update the current AQAP. A number of actions are now completed and the AQAP is consider additional measures to improve air quality.

The principal challenges and barriers to implementation that Warrington Borough Council anticipates facing are funding and resources to complete the actions. In addition there is future uncertainty throughout 2020 and beyond relating to impacts due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Not only does this create uncertainty over future funding but also how transport and travel patterns will change with potential reductions in use of public transport and increased home working that could change future travel patterns.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 8 Warrington Borough Council

Whilst the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, Warrington Borough Council anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed but to be considered in the revised AQAP, will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of the Warrington and Motorway AQMAs.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 9 Warrington Borough Council

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Reduction in Estimated / Date Key Comments / EU Organisations Funding Pollutant / Actual Measure No. Measure EU Category Measure Performance Progress to Date Barriers to Classification involved Source Emission from Completion Introduced Indicator implementation Measure Date Developme Public consultation Policy Guidance Air Quality Outcome of nt Plan Local carried out. and Planning and WBC Planning consultation and 1 Context: 2018 Authority Plan in place N/A Submission to the Dec-20 Development Policy Policy approval by Planning Local Plan funding S of S expected Control Guidance Inspectorate Review 2020 Sustainable Transport Policy Guidance Air Quality Strategies: Local and Planning and WBC Transport 2 Local 2018 Authority LTP 4 produced N/A Adopted Dec 2019 Dec-19 Completed Development Policy Planning Transport funding Control Guidance Plan (LTP4) Environme Policy Guidance Air Quality WBC Local ntal and Planning and Document in Initial draft Dependant upon 3 2018 Environmental Authority N/A Dec-20 Protection Development Policy place produced Local Plan review Protection funding SPD Control Guidance Policy Guidance Air Quality WBC Local Council and Planning and Procurement Authority Document in 4 Procureme 2018 N/A Completed Dec-18 Policy in place Development Policy funding place nt Policies Control Guidance Smoke Policy Guidance Air Quality WBC Local Dependant upon Contol and Planning and Environmental Authority Review carried 5 2018 N/A Currently deferred Dec-20 national legislation Area Development Policy Protection / Legal funding out changes Review Control Guidance services Regional WBC Transport Local Groups Co- Planning / Authority ordinating Highways funding Highways Policy Guidance programmes to England England / Highlight Air quality now and develop Area 6 TfN 2018 motorway N/A Completed Dec-18 included as agenda Development wide Strategies Working improvements item Control to reduce Group emissions and improve air quality WBC UTMC DoT funded Action completed, System installed and Warrington UTC, assessing journey showing improved intelligent Traffic Congestion 7 2018 Journey times <1 μg/m3 time improvements. Dec-20 journey times. Transport Management management, Mobile app in Mobile phone app System traffic reduction development development Chester Transport WBC Transport LEP funded Dependant upon Initial designs in 8 Road Planning and Cycle network 2018 planning Number of users <1 μg/m3 Dec-20 consultation and final place Cycleway Infrastructure funding approval Burtonwoo WBC Tranport DoT / Early Design work Transport Dependant on d to Omega Planning developer undertaken and 9 Planning and Cycle network 2018 Number of users <1 μg/m3 Dec-20 consultation and land Cycling/wal funded CPO for land Infrastructure acquisition king link acquisition Public WBC Transport DoT funded transport Planning Warrington Transport improvements- Opened December 10 West Rail Planning and 2018 Station opened <1 μg/m3 Dec-19 Completed interchanges 2019 Station Infrastructure stations and services

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 10 Warrington Borough Council

WBC Transport DoT funded 6 μg/m3 on Planning Chester Road and Planning Centre Transport Risk are mitigated 11 μg/m3 on permission granted 11 Park Link Planning and Other 2018 Road completed Dec-20 agaisnt for 2021 Wilson Patten and ground works Road Infrastructure completion date Street monitoring started June 2019 points WBC Transport DoT/WBC Further transport Transport Planning funded Full business modelling work Western Funding allocated Dependant on 12 Planning and Other 2018 case submitted to with AQ 2023-24 Link Road in March 2019 consultation Infrastructure DfT for funding assessment to be undertaken Clean Air Policy Guidance WBC Tranport Local Initial study Not being Zone and Low Emissions Planning Authority finished. Not to be progressed due to no 13 2018 Study completed N/A Dec-19 Feasibility Development Strategy funding progressed at this funding allocated for Study Control time set up School, WBC Local No funding allocated Nursery Policy Guidance Environmental Authority Initial work with for any actions, grant and Care and Protection / Public funding Steering group to 14 Other policy 2018 N/A several schools on Dec-20 bid unsuccessful. Home Development Health be set up monitoring Staff time and Action Control resource Group Temporary Promoting WBC Public Local Staff resources Trail event held in 15 Play Travel Other 2018 Health Authority No of events held N/A Dec-20 required to be Summer 2019 Streets Alternatives funding allocated WBC Local Hits on page. Environmental Authority From Sept 2019 Protection funding to March 2020, Air Quality 120% increase in Public Pages "live" July 16 webpage Via the Internet 2018 page views and N/A Jul-19 Completed Information 2019 update 200% increase in visitors compared to previous 6 months. Policy Guidance WBC No funding Defra funding PM2.5 and Environmental allocated Monitoring in 17 Other policy 2018 N/A sought but Dec-18 No funding allocated. monitoring Development Protection place unsuccessful Control

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 11 Warrington Borough Council

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

PM2.5 impacts on mortality are included within the Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01. The most recent figures available are for 2018, which show a reduction to 4.5%, a slight increase from 4.3% in 2017, compared to a North West regional average of 4.3%. The figures for 2019 have not yet been released. Figure A.5, in Appendix A, shows the trend since 2010 for Warrington, and figure A.6 shows the comparison with other North West authorities. The Council has used this as part of the health evidence to produce a chapter on Air Quality in the Joint Needs Strategic Assessment (JSNA) Framework that has been adopted in April 2018.

Warrington Borough Council considers that the measures within the AQAP to reduce

NO2 will be complementary in reducing PM2.5 emissions.

Action 1 within the AQAP for the Local Plan growth proposals, included a borough wide air quality assessment for PM2.5 levels. This concluded that whilst there will be some improvements, there will still remain areas that exceed the World Health Organization guideline value in 2036. It is accepted that further actions, through the LTP4 and other measures, will be required to meet this value.

Action 17 within the AQAP is to carry out PM2.5 monitoring to gain further and robust evidence of concentrations within poor air quality areas. Funding for this was sought via the Defra Air Quality Grant, but this was unsuccessful. There remains a gap in funding to carry this action out at this current time. Until funding is secured, this action is unable to be completed.

Regarding Smoke Control Areas, the majority of Warrington has been covered by Smoke Control Orders since the 1970s. The Council is aware though, of a recent increase in domestic wood burning stoves, which even with Defra approved appliances, will still result in result in increased fine particulate and NOx emissions. There are some outlying wards that are not covered by Smoke Control Orders. It is

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 12 Warrington Borough Council proposed within the AQAP to assess whether the whole of Warrington should be included under one order, although this action has been delayed to await the outcome of the draft Environment Bill and subsequent guidance for local authorities on new legislative powers.

Planning applications for new developments are screened for air quality and, if considered necessary, include PM2.5 impacts and exposure. The Environmental Protection Supplementary Planning Document will be updated as a measure within the AQAP in line with the new emerging Local Plan update.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 13 Warrington Borough Council 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

Warrington Borough Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 3 sites during 2019. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Monitoring data from the Selby Street AURN site is available at

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/network-info?view=aurn

The data for Chester Road and Parker Street roadside sites is available from the UK Air Quality website at http://www.ukairquality.net/

The links can be accessed through the Council air quality webpage at https://www.warrington.gov.uk/airquality

Alternatively the data can be provided by the Council on request.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Warrington Borough Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 31 separate sites during 2019. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 14 Warrington Borough Council 3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias4, “annualisation” (where the data capture falls below 75%), and distance correction5. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3. Note that the concentration data presented in Table A.3 represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e. the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment).

For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Note that the concentration data presented in Table B.1 includes distance corrected values, only where relevant.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

Monitoring data is showing an improvement at the majority of locations, including within current AQMAs, compared to to those measured in 2018. There are though, locations still within current AQMAs that continue to show exceedances , or that have a risk of exceedance (within 10% of the objective limit), in the annual mean objective and confirm the need for these areas to remain designated. The monitoring though is indating that the extent of the AQMAs could be reviewed. Monitoring will continue at locations that previously showed exceedances to assess longer term trends. As per the guidance, it is not proposed to amend the extent of any of the AQMAs at this time, unless there is at least 3 consecutive years of data showing no risk of exceedance. This is also inportant to be able to assess a number of road schemes, principly the Centre Park and Western Link roads, that are expected to affected air quiality.

4 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/bias-adjustment.html 5 Fall-off with distance correction criteria is provided in paragraph 7.77, LAQM.TG(16)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 15 Warrington Borough Council

There are no locations where there is a measured annual means greater than 60µg/m3, which would indicate that an exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective could be likely.

Trends

Trend data for NO2 for roadside, urban background, and rural background is shown in figure A.1 in Appendix A. This shows that there can be significant variations and annual fluctuations in concentrations, concluded to be meteorological conditions that affect dispersion and secondary formation of pollutants. Assessment of the linear trend, between 2007 and 2019 though, does show that concentrations on average over this period have been declining for urban background, rural background and roadside.

An assessment of the trend of all monitoring within AQMAs between 2009 and 2019 indicates that nitrogen dioxide levels at roadside have on average reduced, but the level of this is dependant upon the location.

The longer term trends will continue to be assessed in future ASRs.

Warrington AQMA

Generally there has been a reduction in NO2 levels within the AQMA and less locations are now showing an exceedance.

As with previous annual reviews there continues to be measured exceedances on Parker Street although the 5 year trends are showing gradual improvement. Diffusion tube DT8, when distance corrected to the nearest resdential property continues to show a slight improvement to 43.8 µg/m3 but still exceeds the national objective value. The Parker Street real time analyser though shows a slight increase, measuring 41 µg/m3 and exceeding the objective value, when compared to the 2017 and 2018. This analyser is due to replaced with updated equipment in 2020. Wilson Patten Street diffusion tube, DT9 shows futher improvement compared to previous years to below the objective level. When a distance correction is carried ut to the nearest residential, the concentrations are below where there is a risk of exceedance. Monitoring at these locations will continue for assessment of the impact of the new Centre Park Link Road (AQAP action 11) when it is operational in 2021.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 16 Warrington Borough Council

Crosfield Island 2 tube (DT12) has previously measured concentrations above or near to the objective limit but since 2017 has been showing levels below a risk of exceedance. This trend is continuing and showing further marginal improvements.

Baxter Street 1 (DT11), located on a house front on the opposite southern side of Crosfield traffic island to DT12, measures a concentration of 39.1 µg/m3 , similar 2018 concentrations, and remians a risk of exceeding the objective level.

Chester Road locations (CM3, DT13, DT14 and DT15) all measure further improvements with concentrations now below the objective limit. Chester Road will continue to be monitored in 2020 and will be used to assess the impacts from the Centre Park Link Road.

Along Wildersppol Causeway, NO2 concentrations have further improved compared to 2018 and are below the objective level. Monitoring though will continue to assist in any amendments to the extent of the AQMA.

On Knutsford Road, between Bridgefoot and Latchford, NO2 concentrations have marginally improved compared to 2018 and are below the objective level.

In Latchford Village (DT21, DT22 and DT23), concentrations have improved to where levels are now below where there is a risk of exceedance compared to 2018

Mersey Street 1 (DT24) has previously measured concentrations above the objective level but these reduced to just below the limits since 2017 but remained at a level where there was a risk of exceedance at this location. In 2019, concentrations have further reduce to below the risk of exceedance level.

Bewsey Street (DT25) has previously measured levels below the objective limit, but still with a risk of exceedance. In 2019 the concentration measured has reduced further below the risk of exceedance.

Crosfield Street (DT26) had exceeded the objective limits in previous years and was recording a level with a risk of exceedance in 2018. The has now reduced further in 2019 and is belwo the risk value.

Along the A49 Winwick Road concentrations have improved but there remains a locations that have a risk of exceedance. Winwick Road 1 (DT31) is showing further reductions to 30.2 µg/m3. Winwick Road location 2 (DT32) shows a marginal risk of exceedance whilst Winwick Road 3 (DT33) measure 39.8 µg/m3 , at the objective limit but has imprioved since 2018.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 17 Warrington Borough Council

Motorway AQMA

Manchester Road (DT5) is located adjacent to residential 22m from the M6 motorway and is within the AQMA. The residential is raised approximately 5m above the carriageway. Previous years has seen exceedances in the objective limit and concentrations did increase in 2018 compared to 2017. For 2019 concentrations have fallen further but still record an exceedance with a value of 41 µg/m3.

DT6 was located in 2018 next to residential just outside the AQMA along the M62, 60m from the M62. This has measured a significant improvement with a concentration of 23.5µg/m3. This location is planned to be relocated in 2020 next to residential that is closer to the motorway and a major junction

DT7 is located 17m from the M56 within the Motorway AQMA and recorded an annual concentration of 32.5 µg/m3.

Locations outside AQMAs

The real time analyser at Selby Street (CM1) is part of the AURN and measures concentrations for urban background. In 2019 this recorded a sligh improvement comapred to 2018 from 21.4 to 20.5 µg/m3.

Risley Moss (DT1) measures concentrations at a rural background site and recorded an avearge of 16.4 µg/m3 , similar to 2018.

Stockton Heath 3 (DT24) is located near the beginning of the main residential area on London Road and continues to measure levels below the objective limit with a concentration of 25.1 µg/m3, a slight redcution in the concentration measured in 2018.

Previous assessments have highlighted potential exceedances at locations within the Padgate area and monitoring was expanded in 2018 to assess the extent. Concentrations at all ocation though in 2019 have reduced to below the level where there is a risk of exceedance.

There is no evidence of any locations outside of current AQMAs that might have a risk of exceedance that currently require further investigation.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 18 Warrington Borough Council

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

Particulate matter, PM10, is measure at one site within Warrington to measure typical urban background levels. The Selby Street site was affiliated into the national network (AURN) in 2008. A BAM type analyser is used to measure PM10 concentrations. The site is overseen by Bureau Veritas and Ricardo AEA who carry out all data ratification and analyser servicing and auditing. The site represents typical urban background exposure. There is no exceedance in the annual mean objective, which is consistent with previous years.

Data capture for 2019 is good at 94.1%. For 2019 there was a measured annual average concentration of 17 µg/m3, which is a significant increase compared to previous years but still below the national objective limit.

The 24 hour mean objective of 50µgm3 is not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year. This was exceeded five times during 2019, which is an increase on previous years but does continue to meet the annual 24 hour mean objective.

Trend data since 2009 is shown in Figure A.3 (Appendix A). This indicates that since

2009, concentrations of PM10 have been reducing for urban background.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years.

In addition to the PM10 monitoring, the Selby Street site also measure PM2.5 using a BAM unit. Data has been ratified as part of the AURN.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 19 Warrington Borough Council

The annual mean for 2019 is 11 µg/m3 but data capture was low at 66.5% so the data has been seasonally adjusted. The lost in data was for the period July to November due to leaking sample valve that was sticking causing a slight leak.

Trend data is shown in Figure A.4 (Appendix A). For 2019 there is a slight increase compared to concentrations in 2018.

The results show that the target level of 25µg/m3 to be met by 2020 is being achieved for urban background, but the concentration does exceed the guidance level recommended by the WHO which is expected to be adopted into UK legislation.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 20 Warrington Borough Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance to kerb X OS Y OS Grid to Site Pollutants Monitoring of Inlet Height Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Ref In AQMA? Relevant ID Monitored Technique nearest (m) (Easting) (Northing) Exposure road (m) (m) (1) (2) NO2, Urban Chemiluminescent; CM1 Selby Street 359151 388218 PM2.5, NO 22m 50m 2.5 Background FDMS/BAM PM10 YES Parker CM2 Roadside 360015 387907 NO2 (Warrington Chemiluminescent 1m 2 m 1.5 Street AQMA) YES Chester CM3 Roadside 360331 386454 NO2 (Warrington Chemiluminescent 1m 2 m 1.5 Road AQMA)

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 21 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid collocated Pollutants Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Ref Ref In AQMA? with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) (Easting) (Northing) Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser?

WA08 Risley DT1 Rural 366949 392004 NO2 NO n/a n/a NO 1.5 Moss WA22 Selby Urban DT2 359152 388218 NO2 NO n/a 50 YES 2.5 Street Background WA23 Selby Urban DT3 359152 388218 NO2 NO n/a 50 YES 2.5 Street Background WA24 Selby Urban DT4 359152 388218 NO2 NO n/a 50 YES 2.5 Street Background WA111 M6 YES DT5 Manchester Roadside 366102 389214 NO2 (Warrington 0 16 NO 2 Road AQMA) NO (edge WA123 M62 of DT6 Roadside 361655 391914 NO2 0 60 NO 2.5 Radley Lane Motorway AQMA) YES WA124 M56 DT7 Roadside 360233 381994 NO2 (Motorway 17 17 NO 1.5 Queastybirch AQMA) YES DT8 WA20 Parker St Roadside 360044 388048 NO2 (Warrington 2 1.5 NO 2.5 AQMA) YES WA102 Wilson DT9 Roadside 360309 387848 NO2 (Warrington 4.5 1 NO 2.5 Patten Street AQMA) YES WA67 Crosfield DT10 Roadside 359509 388235 NO2 (Warrington 0 14.5 NO 2.5 Island 2 AQMA)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 22 Warrington Borough Council

YES WA65 Baxter Urban DT11 359452 388111 NO2 (Warrington 0 2 NO 2.5 Street 1 Centre AQMA) WA85 Old DT12 Liverpool Road Roadside 359430 387947 NO2 NO 4 2 NO 2.5 4 YES WA68 Chester DT13 Roadside 360648 387388 NO2 (Warrington 3 3 NO 2.5 Road AQMA) YES WA87 Chester DT14 Roadside 360407 386237 NO2 (Warrington 4 2 NO 2.5 Road 5 AQMA) YES WA93 Walton DT15 Roadside 360450 386052 NO2 (Warrington 3 2 NO 2.5 Terrace AQMA) WA76 YES DT16 Wilderspool Roadside 360880 387247 NO2 (Warrington 2.5 2.5 NO 2.5 Causeway AQMA) WA118 YES DT17 Wilderspool Roadside 361220 386874 NO2 (Warrington 10 3.3 NO 2.5 Causeway 3 AQMA) WA94 YES DT18 Wilderspool Roadside 361319 386508 NO2 (Warrington 0 2 NO 2.5 Causeway 2 AQMA) WA90 Stockton DT19 Roadside 361470 385981 NO2 NO 3 2 NO 2.5 Heath 3 YES WA77 Knutsford DT20 Roadside 361898 387430 NO2 (Warrington 0 3 NO 2.5 Road 1 AQMA)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 23 Warrington Borough Council

WA92 Kingsway YES Urban DT21 South 362810 387187 NO2 (Warrington 0 3 NO 2 Centre (Latchford) AQMA) WA105 YES DT22 Latchford Village Roadside 362779 387288 NO2 (Warrington 1 1.5 NO 2.5 2 AQMA) WA115 YES DT23 Latchford Village Roadside 362604 387222 NO2 (Warrington 55 2 NO 2.5 3 AQMA) YES WA78 Mersey DT24 Roadside 361005 388145 NO2 (Warrington 2.5 6 NO 2.5 Street AQMA) YES WA80 Bewsey 30 (to train DT25 Roadside 360462 388501 NO2 (Warrington 0 NO 2.5 Street line) AQMA) YES WA83 Crosfield DT26 Roadside 360040 388406 NO2 (Warrington 4.5 2.5 NO 2.5 Street AQMA) WA89 King DT27 Roadside 362392 389101 NO2 NO 2.5 2 NO 2.5 Edward Street WA107 Padgate DT28 Roadside 362235 389248 NO2 NO 2.5 1.5 NO 2.5 Lane 1 WA108 Padgate DT29 Roadside 362060 389170 NO2 NO 2.5 2 NO 2.5 Lane 2 WA125 Steel DT30 Roadside 362131 389473 NO2 NO 7 1.5 NO 2.5 Street YES WA95 Winwick DT31 Roadside 360598 389820 NO2 (Warrington 5.5 5 NO 2.5 Road 1 AQMA)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 24 Warrington Borough Council

YES WA96 Winwick DT32 Roadside 360484 390416 NO2 (Warrington 5.5 3 NO 2.5 Road 2 AQMA) YES WA112 Winwick DT33 Roadside 360434 390968 NO2 (Warrington 0 2 NO 2.5 Road 3 AQMA)

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 25 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) (1) Urban CM1 359151 388218 Automatic 87.7 87.7 24.4 25 21 21.4 20.5 Background CM2 360015 387907 Roadside Automatic 95.4 95.4 40 47 37.9 38.1 41 CM3 360331 386454 Roadside Automatic 95.3 95.3 37 34 32 30 30 DT1 (WA08 Diffusion 366949 392004 Rural 91.7 91.7 25.2 18.8 17.3 16.1 16.3 Risley Moss) Tube DT2 (WA22 Urban Diffusion 359152 388218 100 100 24.4 24.7 21.2 21.4 19.7 Selby Street) Background Tube DT3 (WA23 Urban Diffusion 359152 388218 91.7 91.7 25 25.6 21.6 21.3 20.4 Selby Street) Background Tube DT4 (WA24 Urban Diffusion 359152 388218 91.7 91.7 24.4 24.4 21.5 21.7 20.2 Selby Street) Background Tube DT5 (WA111 M6 Diffusion 366102 389214 Roadside 91.7 91.7 55.5 44.2 39.4 45.6 41 Manchester Tube Rd) DT6 (WA123 Diffusion M62 Radley 361655 391914 Roadside 91.7 91.7 29.7 23.5 Tube Lane) DT7 (WA124 Diffusion M56 360233 381994 Roadside 58.3 58.3 34.2 32.5 Tube Queastybirch) DT8 (WA20 Diffusion 360044 388048 Roadside 100 100 55.2 55.7 45.2 45.9 43.8 Parker St) Tube DT9 (WA102 Diffusion Wilson Patten 360309 387848 Roadside 75 75 47 49.5 40.7 39.5 36.1 Tube Street)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 26 Warrington Borough Council

DT10 (WA67 Diffusion Crosfield 359509 388235 Roadside 83.3 83.3 41.2 37.5 32.8 32.19 30.7 Tube Island 2) DT11 (WA65 Diffusion Baxter Street 359452 388111 Roadside 83.3 83.3 51 49.9 42.1 39.6 39.1 Tube 1) DT12 (WA85 Diffusion Old Liverpool 359430 387947 Roadside 100 100 41.1 42.3 37.7 35.5 31.7 Tube Road 4) DT13 (WA68 Diffusion Chester 360648 387388 Roadside 100 100 44.7 46.6 36.2 36.6 34.1 Tube Road) DT14 (WA87 Diffusion Chester Road 360407 386237 Roadside 100 100 40.1 38.4 34.5 34.1 30.7 Tube 5) DT15 (WA93 Diffusion Walton 360450 386052 Roadside 100 100 45.1 40.9 37.1 34.5 31.4 Tube Terrace) DT16 (WA76 Diffusion Wilderspool 360880 387247 Roadside 83.3 83.3 39.1 38.7 34.1 31 28.8 Tube Causeway) DT17 (WA118 Diffusion 361220 386874 Roadside 83.3 83.3 31.8 30.1 29.7 Wilderspool Tube Causeway 3) DT18 (WA94 Diffusion Wilderspool 361319 386508 Roadside 91.7 91.7 45.6 40.4 34.8 33.7 30.6 Tube Causeway 2) DT19 (WA90 Diffusion Stockton 361470 385981 Roadside 91.7 91.7 35.3 33.4 28.5 27.5 25.1 Tube Heath 3) DT20 (WA77 Knutsford Diffusion Road 1) 361898 387430 Roadside 91.7 91.7 40.2 38 33.1 30.2 29.9 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 27 Warrington Borough Council

DT21 (WA92 Kingsway Diffusion 362810 387187 Roadside 100 100 42 42.2 36.2 35.2 32.5 South Tube (Latchford)) DT22 (WA105 Diffusion 362779 387288 Roadside 100 100 49.3 48.3 41.4 39.9 34.8 Latchford Tube Village 2) DT23 (WA115 Diffusion 362604 387222 Roadside 100 100 35.4 42.5 34.5 33.7 31 Latchford Tube Village 3) DT24 (WA78 Diffusion Mersey 361005 388145 Roadside 100 100 45.9 43.4 38.4 37.7 35.3 Tube Street) DT25 (WA80 Diffusion Bewsey 360462 388501 Roadside 91.7 91.7 36.6 37.7 32.9 32.3 30.6 Tube Street) DT26 (WA83 Diffusion Crosfield 360040 388406 Roadside 100 100 45.7 41.9 32.2 36 33.4 Tube Street) DT27 (WA89 Diffusion King Edward 362392 389101 Roadside 100 100 45.6 47.4 42.2 37.9 35.1 Tube Street) DT28 (WA107 Diffusion 362235 389248 Roadside 100 100 41.4 42.1 38 35.1 32.5 Padgate Tube Lane 1) DT29 (WA108 Diffusion 362060 389170 Roadside 100 100 45.8 45.3 37.6 35.1 34.1 Padgate Tube Lane 2) DT30 Diffusion (WA125 Steel 362131 389473 Roadside 100 100 42.4 35.9 Tube Street)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 28 Warrington Borough Council

DT31 (WA95 Diffusion Winwick 360598 389820 Roadside 100 100 39.5 39.9 34.7 32.6 30.2 Tube Road 1) DT32 (WA96 Diffusion Winwick 360484 390416 Roadside 83.3 83.3 47.2 50 44.2 40.3 36.6 Tube Road 2) DT33 (WA112 Diffusion 360434 390968 Roadside 91.7 91.7 52 55 49.3 43.9 39.8 Winwick Tube Road 3)

☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 29 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

Urban Background Rural Background Roadside Linear (Urban Background) Linear (Rural Background) Linear (Roadside)

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 30 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Average Concentrations within AQMAs

average NO2 in AQMA Annual Mean objective Linear (average NO2 in AQMA) 60.0

55.0

50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 31 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Valid Data 3 (3) X OS Y OS Grid Data NO2 1- Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Capture for Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) (1) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) Urban CM1 359151 388218 Automatic 87.7 87.7 0 0 0 0 0 Background 0 (118 0 (130 0 CM2 360015 387907 Roadside Automatic 95.4 95.4 2 2 ug/m3) ug/m3) (119ug/m3) 0 CM3 360331 386454 Roadside Automatic 95.3 95.3 0 0 0 1 (113ug/m3)

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 32 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Average Concentration within Warrington AQMAs

Series2 Annual Mean objective Linear (Series2) 60.0

55.0

50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 33 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

X OS Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture for 3 (3) Valid Data Capture PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type Monitoring Period (%) 2019 (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) (1) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Urban CM1 359151 388218 94.1 94.1 15 16 12 13 17 Background

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 34 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.4 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations

PM10 Urban Background

PM10 Urban Background Linear (PM10 Urban Background)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 35 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS Y OS Grid Valid Data PM10 24 -Hour Means > 50µg/m Valid Data Capture for Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type (1) Capture 2019 Monitoring Period (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Urban CM1 359151 388218 91.4 91.4 2 0 3 1 5 Background

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 36 Warrington Borough Council

Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Capture for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture 2019 Monitoring Period (%) (1) (Easting) (Northing) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Urban CM1 359151 388218 66.5 66.5 11 11 10 9 11 Background

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 37 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.5 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

PM2.5 Urban Background

PM2.5 Urban Background Linear (PM2.5 Urban Background)

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 38 Warrington Borough Council

Figure A.6 – Comparison of PM2.5 PHOF indicator

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 39 Warrington Borough Council

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean X OS Y OS Distan Grid Grid Bias ce Site ID Ref Ref Ma Ra Adjuste Correc Jan Feb Mar Apr Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec (Easti (Northi y w d (0.94) ted to ng) ng) Da and Neares ta Annuali t sed (1) Expos ure (2) DT1 Tube (WA08 36694 26. 10. 17. 392004 21.4 missi 14.2 11.3 9.8 27.6 12.4 16.8 24.6 15.0 16.3 Risley 9 3 7 3 ng Moss) DT2 (WA22 35915 28. 13. 20. 388218 26.2 17.5 28.2 13.8 13.7 14.1 18.8 25.3 26.9 24.3 19.7 Selby 2 5 6 9 Street) DT3 Errone (WA23 35915 29. 27.3 17.4 29.2 16. 14.4 17.7 24.6 21. 388218 13.66 14.6 32.65 ous 20.4 Selby 2 64 7 4 2 03 7 9 6 6 data Street) DT4 (WA24 Tube Selby 35915 30. 28.3 18.1 16. 19.5 22.7 21. 388218 27.2 missi 14.43 14.47 21.38 22.81 20.2 Street) 2 68 2 8 17 8 2 4 ng

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 40 Warrington Borough Council

DT5 (WA111 Erron 36610 54. 38.0 58.8 34. 41.7 41.3 37.0 43. M6 389214 48.5 37.38 eos 49.24 37.31 41.0 2 03 2 2 61 3 2 7 5 Manchest data er Road) DT6 (WA123 Tube 36165 39. 28.8 26.7 25.0 23. 22.0 21.2 24. M62 391914 20.11 14.66 missi 29 23.74 23.5 5 62 8 1 3 4 4 4 9 Radley ng Lane) DT7 (WA124 Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube 36023 34. 51.0 34.0 46.8 21. 27.2 36. M56 381994 missin missin missi missi missin 41.83 32.5 3 61 3 2 9 41 5 7 Queastybi g g ng ng g rch) DT8 36004 60. 52.9 46.9 48.4 43. 43.5 46.3 46. (WA20 388048 40.82 34.63 42.3 56.33 41.19 43.8 40.3 4 69 5 5 1 86 8 2 5 Parker St) DT9 (WA102 Tube Tube Tube 36030 50. 43.2 42.0 36. 33.5 38. Wilson 387848 41.4 34 34.21 29.11 missi missin missin 36.1 30.5 9 92 8 6 09 3 3 Patten ng g g Street) DT10 Tube Tube (WA67 35950 41. 35.2 24. 26.1 30.9 30.3 32. 388235 missi missi 26.71 29.49 44.9 36.7 30.7 Crosfield 9 42 1 06 5 7 8 6 ng ng Island 2) DT11 Tube Tube (WA65 35945 43. 45.8 27. 42.0 35.4 44.2 41. 388111 missi missi 38.73 40.12 53.57 43.77 39.1 Baxter 2 37 5 33 5 1 5 4 ng ng Street 1) DT12 (WA85 35943 43. 39.4 25. 29.4 30.5 33. Old 387947 41 32.7 29.4 29.53 36.7 30.93 34.32 31.7 28.5 0 3 1 47 8 8 6 Liverpool Road 4)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 41 Warrington Borough Council

DT13 (WA68 36064 44. 42.6 37.0 32. 31.8 39.1 36. 387388 42.8 30.2 32.08 27.42 42.02 31.84 34.1 30.9 Chester 8 04 5 1 27 8 3 1 Road) DT14 (WA87 36040 45. 39.2 34.5 31.2 28. 27.1 30.5 32.9 32. 386237 28.99 22.79 41.23 27.38 30.7 27.4 Chester 7 33 5 8 3 91 6 6 5 5 Road 5) DT15 (WA93 36045 44. 36.8 26.4 31. 30.9 31.3 33. 386052 38.3 29.8 31.3 28.28 38.64 30.92 31.4 28.5 Walton 0 8 8 1 56 1 9 3 Terrace) DT16 (WA76 Tube Tube Wilderspo 36088 40. 37.9 29. 25.7 30.8 27.7 30. 387247 35.7 25.8 27.7 24.01 missin missin 28.8 27.4 ol 0 4 1 27 7 6 5 5 g g Causewa y) DT17 (WA118 Tube Tube Wilderspo 36122 46. 37.7 28.4 34.7 29. 27.9 30.4 31.1 31. 386874 26.69 22.6 missin missin 29.7 ol 0 14 5 6 3 15 4 8 9 5 g g Causewa y 3) DT18 (WA94 Tube Wilderspo 36131 37. 41.5 38.6 27.6 27. 26.6 28.7 32. 386508 28.5 24.07 missi 40.33 35.4 30.6 ol 9 27 3 1 4 98 6 4 4 ng Causewa y 2) DT19 (WA90 Tube 36147 35. 36.6 22.7 25.5 23. 25.1 24.3 26. Stockton 385981 missi 19.28 17.58 35.73 27.98 25.1 24.4 0 11 6 2 7 18 6 2 7 Heath 3) ng

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 42 Warrington Borough Council

DT20 Tube (WA77 36189 51. 28.4 29.0 27. 28.0 31. 387430 39.2 24.1 25.14 24.19 missi 36.79 35.07 29.9 Knutsford 8 51 5 6 44 9 7 ng Road 1) DT21 (WA92 Kingsway 36281 39. 40.4 32.1 42.1 31. 28.9 30.7 36.1 34. 387187 29.84 23 45.11 33.78 32.5 South 0 56 4 6 3 2 4 7 8 4 (Latchford )) DT22 (WA105 36277 42. 48.1 38.1 38.8 30. 31.0 36.2 36. 387288 33.76 31.39 31.8 41.13 39.32 34.8 32.8 Latchford 9 37 4 7 9 29 3 8 9 Village 2) DT23 (WA115 36260 48. 37.4 29. 27.1 29.9 32.9 32. 387222 39.6 29.5 27.08 20.08 43.51 29.71 31.0 Latchford 4 9 6 11 6 1 4 9 Village 3) DT24 (WA78 36100 45. 44.0 38.0 37.7 36. 31.2 34.6 37.2 37. 388145 32.5 30.39 40.98 40.14 35.3 33.5 Mersey 5 17 5 5 7 43 9 2 6 4 Street) DT25 Tube (WA80 36046 42. 41.7 30.6 42. 26.9 25.1 32. 388501 missi 24.97 24.31 31.7 34.85 31.4 30.6 Bewsey 2 57 4 5 49 5 2 4 ng Street) DT26 (WA83 36004 50. 44.2 33.8 29.1 29. 28.2 34.2 35.4 35. 388406 30.38 27.9 42.61 39.5 33.4 30.3 Crosfield 0 29 9 2 8 71 5 1 1 5 Street) DT27 (WA89 King 36239 47. 45.4 32.5 29. 29.7 33.3 45.8 37. 389101 36.3 28.87 26.52 51.32 39.05 35.1 32.3 Edward 2 72 6 9 88 4 9 7 2 Street)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 43 Warrington Borough Council

DT28 (WA107 36223 44. 39.2 34.2 32.4 32. 29.0 32.5 33.5 34. 389248 27.06 25.91 48.85 33.92 32.5 29.8 Padgate 5 24 2 9 4 29 7 3 1 4 Lane 1) DT29 (WA108 36206 48. 46.0 35.5 39.1 28. 30.5 32.6 33.7 36. 389170 30.9 30.38 38.38 38.95 34.1 31.4 Padgate 0 59 2 3 9 73 4 6 3 1 Lane 2) DT30 (WA125 36213 54. 52.9 35.5 39.1 35. 29.1 31.3 37.5 38. 389473 32.15 25.4 44.29 39.9 35.9 31.9 Steel 1 3 6 9 7 37 3 9 1 1 Street) DT31 (WA95 36059 42. 38.9 44.7 29.7 26. 26.4 27.5 26.1 32. 389820 26.96 25.04 39 30.22 30.2 28.2 Winwick 8 32 6 5 5 97 7 4 6 0 Road 1) DT32 Errone Errone (WA96 36048 46. 53.6 34.2 32.6 31. 35.7 36.5 40.0 38. 390416 ous 32.19 ous 44.7 36.6 Winwick 4 19 9 7 6 99 8 2 5 8 data data Road 2) DT33 Tube (WA112 36043 53. 51.5 47.3 34.6 38. 34.9 40.0 42. 390968 38.07 35.21 missi 52.33 38.55 39.8 Winwick 4 53 3 2 6 68 5 1 3 ng Road 3)

☒ Local bias adjustment factor used ☐ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 44 Warrington Borough Council

(2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 45 Warrington Borough Council

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring QA/QC was contracted to ESU1 Ltd for the NOx analysers at the Selby Street, Parker Street and Chester Road sites during 2019. Routine calibrations are carried out by a trained officer from the Council. Six monthly routine services are carried out by the contractor at each site. In addition, Ricardo-AEA provides six monthly independent QC audit checks for the Selby Street site as part of the AURN requirements. All QC checks have passed for each site.

Selby Street NOx and PM data is ratified as part of the AURN. Parker Street and Chester Road data is ratified and provided by AQDM consultants.

The PM10 and PM2.5 FDMS analysers are affiliated into the AURN. Servicing is carried out by Air Monitors Ltd with six monthly QC audits by Ricardo-AEA on behalf of Defra. Fortnightly calibration checks are completed by a trained Council Officer with data supplied for verification to Bureau Veritas and Ricardo-AEA acting on behalf of Defra. No performance issues have been reported from the audits or servicing.

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment The Council uses Gradko International Ltd Laboratories to supply and analyse our diffusion tubes. The tubes are prepared using 20% triethanolamine (TEA) in water. Manufacture and analysis of the tubes by Gradko are covered by the AIR PT scheme which assessed performance up to November 2019 as 100% satisfactory except for the January/February period which was assessed as 75% satisfactory. Triplicate tubes are co-located with our automated site at Selby Street that benefits from full quality control procedures as part of the AURN and includes an independent audit by Ricardo-AEA. An internal Council audit of the raw diffusion tubes that are then bias corrected is carried out.

Local bias adjustment factors using the Selby Street ratified AURN background data have been calculated and used as this is considered to effectively represent the local

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 46 Warrington Borough Council conditions and therefore any bias calculated is considered more relevant. Continued use of this also enables comparison with previous year’s datasets. The analyser at Selby Street is affiliated within the AURN and is subject to their data quality checks and auditing. There have been no highlighted performance issues or significant maintenance issues with the NO2 analyser, although there was communications issues in March which resulted in low data collection.

From using the tri-located tubes at Selby Street the Warrington study there were 12 periods of data, with 11 months recording good precision. A bias adjustment factor was calculated of 0.94 using the average of the annual tube results compared to the analyser average.

The Defra National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors reports 30 studies, with the factor varying between 0.73 to 1.07 and an average of 0.92. This shows that using the local factor of 0.94 for Warrington is reasonable for our corrections

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 47 Warrington Borough Council

Table C.1 – Bias correction summary Site Annual Average WA22 20.9 WA24 21.6 WA25 21.4 Average 21.3 CM1 Selby St 20.1 Bias Adjustment factor 0.94

Table C.2 – Bias correction results 09/01/19 04/02/19 05/03/19 02/04/19 29/04/19 10/06/19 08/07/19 06/08/19 05/09/19 04/10/19 07/11/19 05/12/19 Annual 04/02/19 05/03/19 02/04/19 29/04/19 10/06/19 08/07/19 06/08/19 05/09/19 04/10/19 07/11/19 05/12/19 06/01/20 Mean WA 22 Selby 28.49 26.16 17.5 28.22 13.64 13.81 13.7 14.07 18.81 25.28 26.91 24.29 20.9 Street WA 23 Selby 29.64 27.37 17.44 29.22 16.03 14.47 13.66 14.6 17.79 24.66 32.65 Erroneous 21.6 Street data WA 24 Selby 30.68 28.32 18.18 27.2 16.17 Tube 14.43 14.47 19.58 22.72 21.38 22.81 21.4 Street missing Coefficient 4 4 2 4 9 3 3 2 5 6 21 4 6 of variation

Selby Street 30.76 20.54 20.68 27.81 18.57 14.65 16.36 14.64 16.32 17.02 28.91 20.03 20.1 Analyser Percentage 99.2 66.1 52.2 100 99.6 100 93.2 98 99.1 70 73.4 100 87.6 data collection Bias Factor 0.94 A Tube bias B 0.06

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 48 Warrington Borough Council

Table C.3 – Annualisation/seasonal correction Selby Street CM1 PM2.5 data has been seasonally corrected using the nearest PM2.5 sites at Liverpool Speke and Manchester Piccadilly. A seasonal correction value has been calculated for DT7 for NO2 using data from the Warrington Selby Street site, Blackburn Accrington Road, Blackpool Marton and Liverpool Speke site.

CM1 PM2.5 seasonal correction

Period of Liverpool Speke Liverpool Speke % annual data Factor Monitoring period average annual average collection Jan to 15 Sept 9.4 9.1 95.4 0.97

Manchester Manchester Piccadilly period Piccadilly annual average average 11.5 12.2 92.2 1.06

Average 1.02

CM1 Selby Street CM1 Selby period average Street corrected average 10.9 11.1

DT7 diffusion tube seasonal correction

Period of Selby St period Selby St annual mean % annual data Factor Monitoring average collection Jan – June, 22.8 20.5 87.7 0.90 Dec Blackburn period Blackburn Average average mean 21.2 20.2 91.9 0.95

Blackpool Marton Blackpool Annual period average mean 13.5 12.2 92.8 0.90

Liverpool Speke Liverpool Speke period average Annual Average 19.3 19.5 98.8 1.01

Average 0.94

DT7 (WA124 DT7 corrected annual Questy Birch) average period average 34.6 32.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 49 Warrington Borough Council

Distance correction to nearest exposure using the Defra NO2 Fall Off with Distance Calculator v4.2

Site Kerb to Tube (m) Kerb to receptor (m) Annual background Measured NO2 Predicted NO2 DT26 (WA83 Crosfield St) 2 5.5 20.5 33.4 30.3 DT13 (WA68 Chester Rd) 3 7.5 20.5 34.1 30.9 DT14 (WA87 Chester Rd) 2 8 20.5 30.7 27.4 DT15 (WA93 Walton Ter) 2 6 20.5 31.4 28.6 DT12 (WA85 Liv Rd) 1.5 5.5 20.5 31.7 28.5 DT8 (WA20 Parker St) 1.5 3 20.5 43.8 40.3 DT9 (WA102 Wilson P St) 1 6 20.5 36.1 30.5 DT22 (WA105 Latchford) 1 2 20.5 34.8 32.8 DT31 (WA95 Win Rd) 5 5 20.5 30.2 28.2 DT24 (WA78 Mersey St) 5 7.5 20.5 35.3 33.5 DT16 (WA76 Wilderspool) 2.5 2.5 20.5 28.8 27.4 DT19 (WA90 Stockton H) 2 2 20.5 25.1 24.4 DT27 (WA89 King Ed) 2 4.5 20.5 35.1 32.3 DT28 (WA107 Padgate) 1.5 4 20.5 32.5 29.8 DT29 WA108 Padgate) 2 4.5 20.5 34.1 31.4 DT30 (WA125 Steel St) 2.5 4.5 20.5 35.9 31.9

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 50 Warrington Borough Council Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Map D1: All monitoring locations and the AQMAs

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 51 Warrington Borough Council Map D2: M6 monitoring location

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 52 Warrington Borough Council Figure D3: Map showing the M56 monitoring point

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 53 Warrington Borough Council Figure D4: Map showing M6 Monitoring location

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 54 Warrington Borough Council Figure D5: Map showing town centre monitoring locations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 55 Warrington Borough Council Figure D6: Map showing Winwick Road monitoring locations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 56 Warrington Borough Council Figure D7: Map showing south Warrington monitoring locations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 57 Warrington Borough Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

6 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 58 Warrington Borough Council

Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

JSNA Joint Needs Strategic Assessment

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

LTP4 Local Transport Plan

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

WHO World Health Organization

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 59 Warrington Borough Council

References Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, Defra, May 2013

Air Quality Action Plan, Warrington Borough Council 2018

Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006

Annual Status Report 2019, Warrington Borough Council

Detailed Assessment, Warrington Borough Council 2016

Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010

Environmental Protection SPD, Warrington Borough Council 2013

Joint Needs Strategic Assessment Air Quality Chapter, Warrington Borough Council 2018

Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance TG(16)

Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance PG(16)

Local Plan (Draft), Warrington Borough Council

Local Transport Plan LTP4, Warrington Borough Council

Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 – Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate pollution, 2019

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 60