/LVWRIWHUULWRULDOHQWLWLHVZKHUH(QJOLVKLVDQRIILFLDOODQJXDJH:LNLSHGLDWKHIUHHHQF\FORSHGLD List of territorial entities where English is an official )URP:LNLSHGLDWKHIUHHHQF\FORSHGLD

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Contents

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Sovereign states

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Countries where English is a de facto official language Country Region Population Primary language? $XVWUDOLD 2FHDQLD  @ 2FHDQLD 

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Non­sovereign entities

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Non­sovereign entities where English is a de facto official, but not primary, language Entity Region Population &RFRV .HHOLQJ ,VODQGV>@ $XVWUDOLD  7RNHODX>@ 2FHDQLD 

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See also

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