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About Pigs [PDF]
May 2015 About Pigs Pigs are highly intelligent, social animals, displaying elaborate maternal, communicative, and affiliative behavior. Wild and feral pigs inhabit wide tracts of the southern and mid-western United States, where they thrive in a variety of habitats. They form matriarchal social groups, sleep in communal nests, and maintain close family bonds into adulthood. Science has helped shed light on the depths of the remarkable cognitive abilities of pigs, and fosters a greater appreciation for these often maligned and misunderstood animals. Background Pigs—also called swine or hogs—belong to the Suidae family1 and along with cattle, sheep, goats, camels, deer, giraffes, and hippopotamuses, are part of the order Artiodactyla, or even-toed ungulates.2 Domesticated pigs are descendants of the wild boar (Sus scrofa),3,4 which originally ranged through North Africa, Asia and Europe.5 Pigs were first domesticated approximately 9,000 years ago.6 The wild boar became extinct in Britain in the 17th century as a result of hunting and habitat destruction, but they have since been reintroduced.7,8 Feral pigs (domesticated animals who have returned to a wild state) are now found worldwide in temperate and tropical regions such as Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia and on island nations, 9 such as Hawaii.10 True wild pigs are not native to the New World.11 When Christopher Columbus landed in Cuba in 1493, he brought the first domestic pigs—pigs who subsequently spread throughout the Spanish West Indies (Caribbean).12 In 1539, Spanish explorers brought pigs to the mainland when they settled in Florida. -
Animal Control Procedural Manual
HUMBOLDT COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE ANIMAL CARE & CONTROL 980 LYCOMING AVENUE, MCKINLEYVILLE, CA 707-840-9132 PROCEDURAL MANUAL Revised 11/2018 Humboldt County Sheriff's Animal Care and Control PREFACE This manual is designed to guide shelter personnel in making informed decisions regarding their actions during the course of their work. These procedures cannot cover every situation because unanticipated or new circumstances may arise. The employee will often be required to use initiative, discretion and common sense, supported by law and departmental policy. This manual is not all inclusive. This manual contains specific policies, procedures and rule pertaining to functions or tasks performed within the Division as well as associate responsibilities and authority. All Division members are responsible for remaining aware of this manuals content and will adhere to directives contained within it. The shelter lieutenant and program manager will be responsible for periodically updating this manual and assuring all personnel are familiar with its contents. Every employee will be responsible for updating their manual by inserting or deleting the appropriate section as changes or additions are made. No amendment or revocation of this manual will occur without obtaining the approval if the shelter lieutenant or program manager. Suggestions regarding content should be brought the shelter lieutenant or program manager. Suggestions regarding content should be brought to the shelter lieutenant or program manager's attention. All employees are still required to adhere to the Humboldt County Sheriff's Office General Duty Manual. This manual is only designed for guidance and direction in shelter operations. HUMBOLDT COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE DIVISION OF ANIMAL CARE AND CONTROL MISSION STATEMENT The Humboldt County Sheriff's Office Division of Animal Care and Control promotes and protects public safety and animal care through animal law enforcement, sheltering, pet placement and public education. -
Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders
Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders ........................................................i Parts of a Chicken......................................................................................................3 Name That Bird.......................................................................................................11 Beginning to Set Goals in Your Poultry Project......................................................19 Common Poultry Terms for Different Species........................................................23 Poultry Breeds.........................................................................................................27 Breeds of Poultry for Project and Show..................................................................33 What Bird Will I Raise?..........................................................................................41 Nutritional Needs and Problems in Poultry.............................................................45 Is Your Bird Sick?...................................................................................................51 Catching and Handling Poultry...............................................................................55 Washing That Bird...................................................................................................59 Why Do We Raise Poultry?.....................................................................................63 K-State Research & Extension ■ Manhattan Leader Notes Parts of a Chicken Poultry, -
South Africa
Safrica Page 1 of 42 Recent Reports Support HRW About HRW Site Map May 1995 Vol. 7, No.3 SOUTH AFRICA THREATS TO A NEW DEMOCRACY Continuing Violence in KwaZulu-Natal INTRODUCTION For the last decade South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal region has been troubled by political violence. This conflict escalated during the four years of negotiations for a transition to democratic rule, and reached the status of a virtual civil war in the last months before the national elections of April 1994, significantly disrupting the election process. Although the first year of democratic government in South Africa has led to a decrease in the monthly death toll, the figures remain high enough to threaten the process of national reconstruction. In particular, violence may prevent the establishment of democratic local government structures in KwaZulu-Natal following further elections scheduled to be held on November 1, 1995. The basis of this violence remains the conflict between the African National Congress (ANC), now the leading party in the Government of National Unity, and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), the majority party within the new region of KwaZulu-Natal that replaced the former white province of Natal and the black homeland of KwaZulu. Although the IFP abandoned a boycott of the negotiations process and election campaign in order to participate in the April 1994 poll, following last minute concessions to its position, neither this decision nor the election itself finally resolved the points at issue. While the ANC has argued during the year since the election that the final constitutional arrangements for South Africa should include a relatively centralized government and the introduction of elected government structures at all levels, the IFP has maintained instead that South Africa's regions should form a federal system, and that the colonial tribal government structures should remain in place in the former homelands. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United -
The Church As a Peace Broker: the Case of the Natal Church Leaders' Group and Political Violence in Kwazulu-Natal (1990-1994)1
The Church as a peace broker: the case of the Natal Church Leaders’ Group and political violence in KwaZulu-Natal (1990-1994)1 Michael Mbona 2 School of Religion and Theology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Abstract Moves by the state to reform the political landscape in South Africa at the beginning of 1990 led to increased tension between the Inkatha Freedom Party and the African National Congress in the province of Natal and the KwaZulu homeland. Earlier efforts by the Natal Church Leaders’ Group to end hostilities through mediation had yielded minimal results. Hopes of holding the first general democratic election in April 1994 were almost dashed due to Inkatha’s standoff position until the eleventh hour. This article traces the role played by church leaders in seeking to end the bloody clashes taking place at that time by engaging with the state and the rival political parties between 1990 and 1994. Despite the adoption of new strategies, challenges such as internal divisions, blunders at mediation, and the fact that the church leaders were also “political sympathisers”, hampered progress in achieving peace. While paying tribute to the contribution of other team players, this article argues that an ecumenical initiative was responsible for ending the politically motivated brutal killings in KwaZulu-Natal in the early years of 1990. Introduction The announcement in 1990 by State President FW de Klerk about the release of political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, and the unbanning of all political parties was a crucial milestone on the journey towards reforming the South African political landscape.3 While these reforms were acclaimed by progressive thinkers within and outside South Africa, tension between 1 This article follows on, as part two, from a previous article by the same author. -
Animal / Poultry Slaughtering
Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (Ref.: HT HPTS.G: 2018) Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (2019) "Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline" st 1 Edition Published by: The MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) Copyright © MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT), January 2020 / Jamād-ul-Thani 1441 Printed in Cape Town, SA by: ISBN: Cover Design: Shaykh Zaid Dante Typesetting & Layout: Dr Y. Toefy An Accolade The International Trade Centre (ITC), which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, is the joint Agency of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and United Nations (UN), has listed the MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) as the first and oldest Ḥalāl Regulatory Body in the world. In their 2015 “Ḥalāl Goes Global” publication, under the heading, “The Evolution of Ḥalāl Regulations”, the ITC states (p.32) :- 1945 - The Muslim Judicial Council Halaal Trust was formed in Cape Town, to ensure that Islamic dietary laws are adhered to for the Muslims in South Africa. We extend our gratitude, appreciation and respect to our honourable forefathers for their dedication and commitment towards ensuring that food consumed in South Africa is ḥalāl. Compiled & Written by: Achmat bin Yusuf Sedick-Carr (MJCHT Director) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Page 2 of 73 (3rd Revision: February 2019) [Copyright: MJCHT – Copying & Network Storage Prohibited] Ḥalāl Poultry -
List of Scientific Literature on the Importance of Feather Pecking
Literature Featherpecking - Importance Bestman, M., et al. (2009). "Influence of farm factors on the occurrence of feather pecking in organic reared hens and their predictability for feather pecking in the laying period." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121(2): 120-125. Feather pecking is one of the most obvious welfare problems in laying hens. It is seen in all types of housing systems. Although banned in some countries, beak trimming is generally used to reduce the damage caused by this behaviour. In organic farming, where beak trimming is prohibited, the animals are being kept in a less intensive way than in conventional farming in order to improve their welfare. However, feather pecking is also seen in organic laying hens. Generally, rearing circumstances play an important role in the development of this behaviour. Therefore, rearing flocks were monitored for feather pecking and the relations between rearing factors and feather pecking at a young and at an adult age were analysed. Also the correlation between feather pecking during the rearing period and feather pecking during adult life was studied. Twenty-eight commercial flocks of rearing hens were monitored. These flocks split into 51 flocks of laying hens. Flocks were scored for signs of feather damage during rearing at the ages of 7, 12, and 16 weeks and on the laying farms at 30 weeks. On the rearing as well as the laying farm, data were collected on the housing system. Logistic regression was used to analyse our data. Feather damage was seen in 13 out of 24 (54%) of rearing flocks. Logistic regression showed that a higher number of pullets being kept per square meter in the first 4 weeks of life were associated with feather damage during the rearing period (Chi square = 8.49, df = 1, p = 0.004). -
The Creek "Migration Legend"
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qm3x2bd Author Koons, Ryan Abel Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Ryan Abel Koons 2016 © Copyright by Ryan Abel Koons 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community by Ryan Abel Koons Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Tara Browner, Chair This dissertation presents an ethnography utilizing a multispecies perspective of the "busk" ritual cycle as performed by the southeastern Muskogee Creek American Indian community, Pvlvcekolv (Apalachicola). Humans construct humanity and personhood partially via interactions with other-than-human persons, such as animals, plants, and objects. I examine ritualized interactions between humans and others-than-human in a southeastern Indigenous "natureculture," exploring the intersections of ontology, personhood, and performance practice. Pvlvcekolv, an animistic Florida-based tribal town with a ceremonial Fire that pre-dates European Contact, maintains a centuries-old ritual tradition, the busk. Sometimes known as "Green Corn Ceremonialism," many Native communities share this tradition, including ii Cherokee, Chickasaw, Seminole, Yuchi, and other Creek peoples historically and in the present day. Performing the songs, dances, and ritual actions of the busk places participants into dialogue with other-than-human persons. -
And the Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus Glaber)
ASPECTS OF OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION IN THE DWARF HAMSTER (PHODOPUS SUNGORUS) AND THE NAKED MOLE-RAT (HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER) A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Frank Robert Castelli December 2017 © 2017 Frank Robert Castelli ASPECTS OF OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION IN THE DWARF HAMSTER (PHODOPUS SUNGORUS) AND THE NAKED MOLE-RAT (HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER) Frank Robert Castelli, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 Olfactory communication is an understudied phenomenon, likely due to human bias against this modality of communication. I expanded our knowledge of olfactory communication by testing the following hypotheses: self-grooming is a form of olfactory communication in the dwarf hamster Phodopus sungorus; naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are capable of social-dominance-based discrimination of odor; and rolling behaviors of naked mole-rats function as a form of scent-marking. Self-grooming is ubiquitous among mammals, yet our knowledge of the functions of this behavior beyond cleaning the body surface is limited. Dwarf hamsters were exposed to cotton nesting material scented by same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics, as well as an unscented control. As predicted, subjects self-groomed more in response to conspecific odor than unscented controls, an important first step in demonstrating communication. Furthermore, self-grooming in response to opposite- sex odor was higher than same-sex odor and unscented controls, which did not differ from each other, suggesting that its communicative function is to attract a mate. Naked mole-rats live in underground eusocial colonies in which social dominance plays important roles in their reproductive division of labor, cooperation, mate choice, and access to food. -
JETRO's Activities to Assist Developing Countries in Africa
JETRO’sJETRO’s Activities Activities to to Assist Assist Developing Developing Countries Countries in in Africa Africa Boosting Africa’s mood through business with Japan! We would like to introduce you to JETRO’s activities aimed at assisting developing countries in Africa and the achievements thereof. Exhibit at IFEX2007 Workshop for improving the quality of Harvesting at tea plantation in Malawi Processing cut flowers Making shea butter soap (International Flower Expo) kiondo bags Photo provided by Fair Trade Company Photo provided by Earth Tea LLC JETRO’s Activities to Assist Developing Countries JETRO is engaged in assisting developing countries in their achievement of sustainable economic growth through activities such as nurturing industry, establishing industrial infrastructure, developing human resources, and implementing projects aimed at developing products for export and to supporting their entry into the Japanese market. Considering the business needs of both Japanese companies and developing countries, JETRO combines various business tools, including the dispatch of experts, the acceptance of trainees, supporting presentations at exhibitions and development and import demonstration projects, all in an organized fashion with a view to supporting the establishment of business relations between Japanese and local companies. Performances for last few years Some of the examples of projects based on needs in developing countries include assistance of exporting products such as cut flowers from East African countries, coffee from Zambia, tea from Malawi and various natural products (oils, herbal teas and spices) to Japan. Bright-colored flowers, high-quality Zambian coffee, mellow flavored Malawian tea that goes perfectly with milk are beginning to permeate the Japanese market, and are expected to further increase in sales in Japan in the future. -
Animal Behavior Facilitates Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics
Animal behavior facilitates eco-evolutionary dynamics The EcoEvoInteract Scientific Network Authors: Gotanda, K.M.1* ([email protected]), Farine, D.R.2,3,4*, Kratochwil, C.F.5,6*, Laskowski, K.L.7*, Montiglio, P.O.8* 1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; www.kiyokogotanda.com @photopidge 2Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz 3Department of Biology, University of Konstanz 4Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz 5Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz 6Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany 7Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis 8Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal *All authors contributed equally Keywords: evo-evolutionary dynamics, Hamilton's Rule, functional response, predator-prey cycles, dispersal, selfish herd theory 1 Abstract The mechanisms underlying eco-evolutionary dynamics (the feedback between ecological and evolutionary processes) are often unknown. Here, we propose that classical theory from behavioral ecology can provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying eco- evolutionary dynamics, and thus improve predictions about the outcomes of these dynamics. 2 Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics The recognition that ecological and evolutionary processes can occur on the same timescale, and thus interact with each other, has led to a field of interdisciplinary research often called eco- evolutionary dynamics. Eco-evolutionary dynamics are feedbacks that occur when changes in ecological processes influence evolutionary change, which then in turn feedback onto the ecology of the system. For example, dispersal rates can increase or decrease due to ecological changes (e.g. resource fluctuations) altering species (meta-)population dynamics through source- sink dynamics or shifts in gene flow and ultimately changing the selection pressures that population experiences [1].