Summary of Results Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in Ghana, 2017

Summary of Results

Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in Ghana, 2017 Compiled by: Kakra Adu Duayeden and Daniel Armah-Attoh Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)

Afrobarometer Round 7 Summary of Results for Ghana, 2017

Afrobarometer is a pan-African, non-partisan research network that conducts public attitude surveys on democracy, governance, economic conditions, and related issues in countries across Africa. Six rounds of surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2015, and Round 7 surveys are being carried out in 2016-2017. Afrobarometer conducts face-to- face interviews in the language of the respondent’s choice with nationally representative samples of 1,200 or 2,400 respondents.

Afrobarometer is produced collaboratively by social scientists from across Africa. Coordination is provided by the Center for Democratic Development (CDD) in Ghana, the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) in South Africa, the Institute for Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) in Benin. Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Cape Town (UCT) provide technical support to the network.

The Afrobarometer National Partner in Ghana, the Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana), interviewed a nationally representative, random, stratified probability sample of 2,400 adult Ghanaians from September 09 to September 25, 2017. A sample of this size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-2% at a 95% confidence level. Previous surveys have been conducted in Ghana in1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2014. Technical details of the survey, including descriptions of stratification and household selection, translation languages, and related information, can be found in the survey Technical Information Form that follows.

Below is an outline of the survey findings from all the questions posed to respondents. We also present the findings by some critical demographics such as gender and place of residence (Urban-Rural).

Financial support for Afrobarometer Round 7 has been provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the National Endowment for Democracy, and the World Bank.

Contact information: For more information, please visit www.afrobarometer.org or contact: Daniel Armah-Attoh Afrobarometer project manager for anglophone West Africa CDD-Ghana Email: [email protected] Tel: 233-(0)302 776142 /784293 /784294 / 777214

Kakra Adu Duayeden Afrobarometer data quality officer for anglophone West Africa CDD-Ghana Email: [email protected]/[email protected] Tel: 233-(0)302 776142 /784293 /784294 / 777214

Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye Afrobarometer communications coordinator for anglophone West Africa CDD-Ghana Email: [email protected] Tel: 233-(0)302 776142 /784293 /784294 / 777214

Survey Overview The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Ghana Afrobarometer Round 7, 2017

Universe: Citizens of Ghana who are 18 years and older

Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample

Stratification: Region and Urban-Rural location

Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents

PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS)

Cluster size: 8 households per PSU

Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval

Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which household member draws a numbered card to select individual

Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities

Margin of error: +/- 2% at 95% confidence level

Fieldwork by: Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)

Survey languages: Twi, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani, and Dagaare

Main researchers: Daniel Armah-Attoh and Prof. E. Gyimah-Boadi

Outcome rates: Contact rate: 99.00% Cooperation rate: 97.00% Refusal rate: 2.00% Response rate: 96.00%

Dates of fieldwork: 9-25 September 2017 Sample size: 2,400 Sampling frame: 2015/16 adult population projection based on 2010 Ghana Population and Housing Census frame EA substitution rate: 5/300 = 1.67% ______

Note: All figures in the following tables are percentages, rounded to whole numbers. Due to rounding, columns may not add up to exactly 100%. Also note that a reported figure of “0” indicates that at least one response, but less than 0.5% of all responses, were in this category, whereas a dash (“-“) or blank cell indicates that there were no responses in this category. For Questions 1-100, weighted frequency distributions are reported.

Demographic distribution of the sample Unweighted Weighted Gender Male 50 50 Female 50 50 Location Urban 54 54 Rural 46 46 Region Western 10 10 Central 8 9 Greater Accra 18 19 Volta 9 9 Eastern 11 11 Ashanti 19 20 Brong Ahafo 9 9 Northern 9 9 Upper East 4 4 Upper West 3 3 Education No formal education 16 16 Primary 26 26 Secondary 44 43 Post-secondary 13 14 Religion Christian 76 75 Muslim 15 16 Other 9 9

Q1. How old are you? Urban Rural Male Female Total 18-25 26 23 25 25 25 26-35 30 28 27 31 29 36-45 20 18 18 21 19 46-55 12 14 14 12 13 56-65 7 9 10 6 8 Over 65 4 7 6 5 6 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q2A. Which Ghanaian language is your mother tongue or language of origin? Urban Rural Male Female Total English 1 1 1 0 1 Akan 55 47 51 52 51 Ewe/Anlo 15 15 15 15 15 Ga/Dangbe 11 6 10 8 9 Dagbani 5 6 5 5 5 Dagaare 2 6 4 4 4 Minor languages in Northerly 12 18 13 16 14 regions Other 0 1 1 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q2B. What is the primary language you speak in your home now? Urban Rural Male Female Total English 2 0 2 1 1 Akan 60 51 55 56 56 Ewe/Anlo 11 14 13 12 12 Ga/Dangbe 11 7 10 8 9 Dagbani 4 5 5 4 5 Dagaare 1 6 3 3 3 Minor languages in Northerly 10 16 11 14 13 regions Other 0 1 0 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q3. Let's start with your general view about the current direction of our country. Some people might think the country is going in the wrong direction. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask YOU about the overall direction of the country: Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? Urban Rural Male Female Total Going in the wrong direction 42 52 44 49 47 Going in the right direction 49 44 50 44 47 Refused 1 0 1 0 0 Don't know 8 4 6 6 6

Q4A. In general, how would you describe: The present economic condition of this country? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Bad 24 32 24 31 28 Fairly Bad 24 27 26 25 26 Neither good nor bad 12 7 11 10 10 Fairly Good 30 25 30 25 28 Very good 6 7 7 6 7 Don't know 3 2 2 3 2

Q4B. In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Bad 22 32 24 29 27 Fairly Bad 25 28 27 25 26 Neither good nor bad 13 8 10 11 11 Fairly Good 35 25 32 29 30 Very good 6 7 7 6 6 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q5. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Ghanaians? Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 4 6 5 5 5 Worse 15 25 18 21 20 Same 25 23 25 22 24 Better 43 36 39 41 40 Much better 5 4 5 4 4 Don’t know 7 6 7 7 7

Q6. Looking back, how do you rate economic conditions in this country compared to twelve months ago? Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 6 11 8 10 9 Worse 26 32 25 32 29 Same 25 23 24 24 24 Better 35 28 36 28 32 Much better 5 5 6 4 5 Don’t know 3 1 2 3 2

Q7. Looking ahead, do you expect economic conditions in this country to be better or worse in 12 months’ time? Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 2 4 2 3 3 Worse 5 8 6 7 6 Same 6 9 7 8 7 Better 45 42 46 41 44 Much better 28 21 26 24 25 Don’t know 14 16 13 17 15

Q8A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough food to eat? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 78 72 74 77 75 Just once or twice 13 12 13 12 12 Several times 7 11 10 8 9 Many times 2 4 3 3 3 Always 0 1 1 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q8B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough clean water for home use? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 82 75 77 80 79 Just once or twice 8 7 9 7 8 Several times 6 12 9 8 9 Many times 3 4 4 3 3 Always 1 3 1 2 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q8C. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without medicines or medical treatment? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 77 58 69 68 68 Just once or twice 13 17 15 14 15 Several times 7 16 11 12 12 Many times 2 7 4 4 4 Always 1 1 1 1 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q8D. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough fuel to cook your food? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 84 84 85 84 84 Just once or twice 9 8 8 9 8 Several times 5 5 5 5 5 Many times 1 2 1 2 2 Always 1 1 1 1 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q8E. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without a cash income? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 45 28 38 38 38 Just once or twice 21 16 18 19 19 Several times 22 30 27 25 26 Many times 9 19 13 14 13 Always 2 7 4 5 4 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q8F. When you say you went without. Would you say this occurred: Urban Rural Male Female Total About once every two or three 3 5 4 3 4 months About once a month 5 6 6 5 5 Two or three times a month 12 16 14 13 14 About once a week 7 10 8 9 9 Several times a week 10 19 14 15 14 Every day 1 4 2 3 3 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0 Not applicable 61 39 51 51 51

Q9. Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how how much, if at all, do you depend on receiving remittances from relatives or friends living in other countries? Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all / Does not receive 75 87 80 81 80 remittances A little bit 14 7 12 9 11 Somewhat 6 5 5 7 6 A lot 5 1 3 3 3 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q10A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighbourhood? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 71 76 77 71 74 Just once or twice 12 11 10 13 11 Several times 10 9 8 11 10 Many times 3 2 2 3 2 Always 3 2 3 3 3 Don't know 0 1 1 0 0

Q10B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 73 79 77 74 76 Just once or twice 11 10 10 11 11 Several times 9 7 8 8 8 Many times 3 3 2 4 3 Always 4 2 3 3 3 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q11A. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 67 77 70 73 71 Yes, once 18 10 14 14 14 Yes, twice 8 8 10 6 8 Yes, three or more times 7 6 7 7 7 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q11B. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 93 96 94 95 94 Yes, once 5 3 4 4 4 Yes, twice 1 1 1 1 1 Yes, three or more times 1 1 1 1 1

Q11C-GHA. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been attacked or murdered by armed robbers? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 94 98 95 97 96 Yes, once 4 2 3 3 3 Yes, twice 1 0 1 0 1 Yes, three times or more 1 0 1 0 0 Don't Know 0 0 0 0 0

Q12A. How often do you get news from the following sources? Radio Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 9 15 9 15 11 Less than once a month 3 4 2 5 4 A few times a month 7 6 5 8 7 A few times a week 23 23 20 25 23 Every day 58 52 63 48 55

Q12B. How often do you get news from the following sources? Television Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 13 43 26 28 27 Less than once a month 4 8 5 7 6 A few times a month 8 7 8 7 8 A few times a week 20 14 18 17 17 Every day 54 27 43 40 42 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q12C. How often do you get news from the following sources? Newspapers Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 77 89 76 88 82 Less than once a month 6 4 6 4 5 A few times a month 6 3 7 3 5 A few times a week 6 2 6 3 4 Every day 4 2 4 1 3 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q12D. How often do you get news from the following sources? Internet Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 60 86 63 80 72 Less than once a month 3 2 3 2 2 A few times a month 6 2 6 3 4 A few times a week 11 4 11 5 8 Every day 20 5 17 9 13 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q12E. How often do you get news from the following sources? Social media such as Facebook or Twitter Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 57 84 62 76 69 Less than once a month 4 1 3 2 2 A few times a month 5 2 5 2 4 A few times a week 12 6 10 7 9 Every day 23 5 19 11 15 Don't know 0 2 1 1 1

Q13. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 32 37 25 44 34 Occasionally 50 47 53 45 49 Frequently 18 16 22 11 17

Q14. In this country, how free are you to say what you think: Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all free 3 4 4 3 4 Not very free 7 9 8 9 8 Somewhat free 20 20 18 21 20 Completely free 69 65 70 65 67 Don’t know 1 2 1 2 1

Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view?

Q15. Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies. Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 27 29 28 28 28 Agree with 1 17 15 16 17 16 Agree with 2 13 15 14 14 14 Agree very strongly with 2 33 34 34 33 34 Agree with neither 6 3 5 4 4 Don't know 4 3 3 5 4

Q16. Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women. Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 17 18 23 11 18 Agree with 1 6 7 8 5 7 Agree with 2 14 16 15 16 15 Agree very strongly with 2 56 57 50 63 56 Agree with neither 3 2 3 2 2 Don't know 3 1 1 2 2

Q17. Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control. Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it considers harmful to society. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 23 24 26 21 24 Agree with 1 13 12 12 13 13 Agree with 2 17 18 16 19 17 Agree very strongly with 2 40 39 39 40 40 Agree with neither 3 2 4 2 3 Don't know 3 4 2 4 3

Q18A. How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the local school to find out what the school’s budget is and how the funds have been used. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 39 37 39 37 38 Not very likely 24 18 20 22 21 Somewhat likely 21 19 21 19 20 Very likely 11 17 14 13 14 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 6 9 5 9 7

Q18B. How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the Lands Commission to find out who owns a piece of land in your community. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 25 24 24 25 24 Not very likely 21 16 18 20 19 Somewhat likely 24 21 25 21 23 Very likely 21 26 26 21 24 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 8 13 7 13 10 Refused 0 0 1 0 0

Q18C. How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the Metropolitan, Municipal or District Assembly to find out about the Metropolitan, Municipal or District development plan and budgets. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 36 37 38 35 36 Not very likely 26 21 23 25 24 Somewhat likely 20 17 19 18 19 Very likely 9 12 12 9 10 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 9 12 7 13 10 Refused 0 0 0 0 1

Q18D. How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the Metropolitan, Municipal or District Assembly or Registrar General’s Department to find out how to register a new business in your community. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 18 19 17 19 18 Not very likely 10 9 9 10 10 Somewhat likely 20 20 21 20 20 Very likely 44 37 46 37 41 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 8 14 7 14 11

Q19A. Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? Your own freedom to say what you think about politics Urban Rural Male Female Total Much less freedom 4 5 5 4 5 Somewhat less freedom 8 10 7 11 9 Same 22 23 22 22 22 Somewhat more freedom 19 20 21 19 20 Much more freedom 46 39 45 41 43 Don’t know 2 3 1 3 2

Q19B. Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? Your own freedom to join any political organization you want Urban Rural Male Female Total Much less freedom 4 3 3 4 4 Somewhat less freedom 3 8 5 6 5 Same 22 24 23 23 23 Somewhat more freedom 16 15 15 16 15 Much more freedom 53 48 52 49 51 Don’t know 1 2 1 3 2

Q19C. Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The media’s freedom to investigate and report on government mistakes or to criticize government actions or performance Urban Rural Male Female Total Much less freedom 3 3 3 2 3 Somewhat less freedom 6 7 6 7 6 Same 23 24 23 24 24 Somewhat more freedom 18 20 21 17 19 Much more freedom 47 38 44 43 43 Don’t know 3 8 3 7 5

Q19D. Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The freedom of independent groups or non-governmental organizations to speak, hold meetings or advocate their views freely, including criticizing the government if they choose Urban Rural Male Female Total Much less freedom 4 3 4 3 4 Somewhat less freedom 6 9 8 7 8 Same 21 23 22 22 22 Somewhat more freedom 21 20 21 20 20 Much more freedom 44 36 42 38 40 Don’t know 4 9 4 9 6

Q19E. Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The freedom of opposition parties or candidates to speak or hold rallies, state their views, or criticize the government Urban Rural Male Female Total Much less freedom 3 4 4 3 3 Somewhat less freedom 5 8 6 7 7 Same 23 24 23 24 23 Somewhat more freedom 16 15 17 15 16 Much more freedom 49 41 48 43 46 Don’t know 3 8 3 7 5

Let’s turn to your role in the community.

Q20A. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group that meets outside of regular worship services Urban Rural Male Female Total Not a member 46 42 45 44 44 Inactive member 12 11 13 11 12 Active member 34 35 30 39 35 Official leader 7 12 12 6 9 Don't know 0 0 0 1 0

Q20B. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some other voluntary association or community group Urban Rural Male Female Total Not a Member 74 58 63 71 67 Inactive Member 7 6 7 6 6 Active Member 15 27 22 19 21 Official Leader 2 8 7 2 5 Don't know 2 1 1 1 1

Q21A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 19 8 11 17 14 No, but would do if had the 45 24 31 39 35 chance Yes, once or twice 11 14 14 11 12 Yes, several times 15 28 23 19 21 Yes, often 9 26 21 13 17 Don't know 1 1 1 1

Q21B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 27 17 15 30 23 No, but would do if had the 45 39 38 47 43 chance Yes, once or twice 8 12 13 7 10 Yes, several times 11 17 19 9 14 Yes, often 7 14 14 6 10 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q22. Understanding that some people were unable to vote in the most recent national election in 2016, which of the following statements is true for you? Urban Rural Male Female Total You were not registered to vote 2 1 1 2 2 You voted in the elections 80 82 83 79 81 You decided not to vote 7 4 5 6 6 You could not find the polling 0 0 0 0 0 station You were prevented from voting 0 0 0 0 0 You did not have time to vote 3 2 2 3 3 You did not vote because your 1 2 1 1 1 name not in the register Did not vote for some other reason 4 5 4 5 4 You were too young to vote 2 2 2 2 2 Don’t know / Can’t remember 1 1 1 1 1

Q22B-GHA. Which party’s presidential candidate did you vote for in the recent 2016 presidential elections? Urban Rural Male Female Total Convention People’s Party (CPP) 1 0 0 0 0 National Democratic Congress 17 25 23 18 21 (NDC) National Democratic Party (NDP) 1 0 0 1 0 Progressive People’s Party (PPP) 1 1 1 1 1 New Patriotic Party (NPP) 46 45 45 47 46 Refused to answer 13 9 12 10 11 Don't Know 2 2 1 2 2 Not applicable 20 18 17 21 19

Q22C-GHA. Which of these is the major reason for the choice of presidential candidate you made at the polls? Urban Rural Male Female Total The candidate I voted for can do 29 26 29 26 28 a better job managing the affairs of the country The campaign promises, policies 27 29 29 27 28 and programs of the candidate I voted are more credible The candidate I voted for was 1 1 1 2 1 definitely going to win the elections and didn’t want to waste my vote. I voted for this candidate because 1 1 1 1 1 we share the same ethnicity. I voted for this candidate because 5 10 6 8 7 we belong to the same political party. Other 1 3 2 3 2 Refused to Answer Don’t know 1 Not applicable 35 29 31 33 32

Q23. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2016. Was it: Urban Rural Male Female Total Not free and fair 3 2 2 3 3 Free and fair, with major problems 4 7 4 6 5 Free and fair, but with minor 23 20 22 20 21 problems Completely free and fair 65 66 67 64 66 Do not understand question 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know 5 4 3 6 5 Refused 1 0 0 1 0

Q24A. Thinking about the last national election in2016, did you: Attend a campaign rally? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 70 63 63 70 67 Yes 30 37 37 30 33 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q24B. Thinking about the last national election in2016, did you: Work for a candidate or party? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 85 79 77 88 82 Yes 15 21 23 12 18 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q25A. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: An Assembly man or woman Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 74 68 62 80 71 Only once 8 7 7 7 7 A few times 11 15 18 8 13 Often 7 10 12 4 8 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 1

Q25B. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A Member of Parliament Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 85 83 80 88 84 Only once 6 7 7 5 6 A few times 6 8 9 4 7 Often 3 3 3 2 3 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q25C. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: An official of a government agency Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 88 86 82 92 87 Only once 4 5 6 3 4 A few times 5 7 8 4 6 Often 2 1 3 1 2 Don’t know 0 1 0 0 1

Q25D. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A political party official Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 81 76 73 85 79 Only once 5 8 7 5 6 A few times 9 12 13 8 10 Often 4 4 6 2 4 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q25E. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: Traditional Leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 84 59 64 81 72 Only once 6 8 7 6 7 A few times 6 19 15 8 12 Often 4 15 13 5 9 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q25F. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: Religious leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 64 54 56 63 60 Only once 7 6 7 6 6 A few times 14 21 18 16 17 Often 15 19 19 15 17 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q26A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government perfomance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Joined others in your community to request action from government Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 31 22 22 32 27 No, but would do if had the 54 56 54 56 55 chance Yes, once or twice 7 10 11 5 8 Yes, several times 6 7 9 4 6 Yes, often 2 4 4 2 3 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q26B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Contacted the media, like calling a radio program or writing a letter to a newspaper Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 33 25 25 34 29 No, but would do if had the 51 61 55 57 56 chance Yes, once or twice 7 6 9 5 7 Yes, several times 5 4 8 1 5 Yes, often 2 2 3 1 2 Don't know 1 1 1 2 1

Q26C. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Contacted a government official to ask for help or make a complaint Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 29 21 20 30 25 No, but would do if had the 56 62 58 60 59 chance Yes, once or twice 7 8 11 4 8 Yes, several times 4 5 6 3 5 Yes, often 2 2 3 1 2 Don't know 2 1 1 2 1

Q26D. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Refused to pay a tax or fee to government Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 78 71 74 75 75 No, but would do if had the 12 16 13 15 14 chance Yes, once or twice 2 3 3 2 2 Yes, several times 2 2 2 2 2 Yes, often 3 3 4 2 3 Don't know 2 5 3 3 4

Q26E. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Participated in a demonstration or protest march Urban Rural Male Female Total No, would never do this 70 63 63 72 67 No, but would do if had the 21 29 28 22 24 chance Yes, once or twice 4 4 5 3 4 Yes, several times 2 1 3 1 2 Yes, often 1 1 1 1 Don't know 2 2 2 2 2

Q27A. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 63 60 68 55 61 Disapprove 20 18 17 21 19 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 2 2 1 3 2 Approve 7 7 6 8 7 Strongly Approve 8 11 7 11 9 Don’t know 1 2 1 2 1

Q27B. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army comes in to govern the country. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 55 59 58 56 57 Disapprove 15 15 14 16 15 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 3 3 2 3 3 Approve 12 9 11 10 10 Strongly Approve 13 13 14 12 13 Don’t know 2 2 1 3 2

Q27C. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections and Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 64 68 70 63 66 Disapprove 25 18 21 23 22 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 2 2 1 2 2 Approve 4 3 4 4 4 Strongly Approve 3 5 4 4 4 Don’t know 2 3 1 4 2

Q28. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? Urban Rural Male Female Total STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter 5 6 4 7 5 STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non- 12 12 12 11 12 democratic preferable STATEMENT 1: Democracy 83 79 83 79 81 preferable Don't know 1 3 1 3 2

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Do you agree or agree very strongly?

Q29. Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it does. Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes decisions more slowly. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 12 16 14 14 14 Agree with 1 8 8 7 8 8 Agree with 2 15 16 14 17 15 Agree very strongly with 2 59 57 61 56 58 Agree with neither 4 2 3 3 3 Don't know 2 2 1 3 2

Q30. Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections. Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s leaders. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 67 63 66 64 65 Agree with 1 15 17 17 15 15 Agree with 2 7 6 5 7 6 Agree very strongly with 2 9 11 10 10 10 Agree with neither 1 2 1 2 1 Don't know 2 1 1 2 1

Q31. Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in Ghana. Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Ghanaians have real choices in who governs them. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 17 21 19 18 19 Agree with 1 8 9 7 9 8 Agree with 2 15 17 16 16 16 Agree very strongly with 2 55 49 53 52 52 Agree with neither 4 2 4 2 3 Don't know 2 2 1 3 2

Q32. Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the President explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends taxpayers’ money. Statement 2: The President should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time justifying his actions. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 58 56 59 55 57 Agree with 1 17 18 17 19 18 Agree with 2 8 7 8 7 7 Agree very strongly with 2 12 13 12 14 13 Agree with neither 3 2 2 3 3 Don't know 1 3 2 3 2

Q33. Statement 1: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he thinks are wrong. Statement 2: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 12 15 14 12 13 Agree with 1 4 6 5 6 5 Agree with 2 16 19 16 19 17 Agree very strongly with 2 60 55 59 56 58 Agree with neither 6 3 4 5 5 Don't know 2 2 1 2 2

Q34. Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office. Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 52 56 54 53 54 Agree with 1 17 15 16 16 16 Agree with 2 7 8 7 8 7 Agree very strongly with 2 16 15 16 15 15 Agree with neither 5 5 6 4 5 Don't know 2 2 1 3 2

Now let us speak about the political system in this country

Q35.In your opinion how much of a democracy is Ghana today? Urban Rural Male Female Total Not a democracy 1 1 1 1 1 A democracy, with major 17 15 17 14 16 problems A democracy, but with minor 47 42 45 44 44 problems A full democracy 35 38 35 37 36 Do not understand question / 2 1 1 democracy Don't know 1 2 1 2 2

Q36.Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Ghana? Are you: Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all satisfied 5 5 5 5 5 Not very satisfied 15 14 15 15 15 Fairly satisfied 47 44 46 45 46 Very satisfied 32 34 33 32 33 Do not know 1 3 1 3 2

Q37. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for. Statement 2: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 73 75 78 70 74 Agree with 1 16 15 14 18 16 Agree with 2 4 5 4 4 4 Agree very strongly with 2 4 5 3 6 4 Agree with neither 1 0 1 1 1 Don't know 1 0 0 1 1

Q38A. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 9 11 11 9 10 Disagree 8 7 8 8 8 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 2 2 1 3 2 Agree 41 37 37 40 39 Strongly Agree 38 41 41 37 39 Don’t know 2 2 2 3 2

Q38B. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right to make people obey the law. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 4 4 4 4 4 Disagree 5 6 5 6 6 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 1 1 2 1 1 Agree 40 37 36 41 39 Strongly Agree 48 50 52 46 49 Don’t know 1 1 1 2 1

Q38C. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax authorities always have the right to make people pay taxes. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 3 4 2 4 3 Disagree 5 6 6 4 5 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 2 2 2 3 2 Agree 42 39 37 44 41 Strongly Agree 47 46 50 43 46 Don’t know 2 3 2 2 2

Q38D. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 39 38 33 44 39 Disagree 25 22 24 23 23 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 3 2 3 3 3 Agree 16 14 16 14 15 Strongly Agree 17 22 23 15 19 Don’t know 0 1 0 1 1

Q38E. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Women should have the same rights as men to own and inherit land. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 5 6 7 4 6 Disagree 5 7 8 4 6 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 1 1 1 2 1 Agree 42 36 39 40 39 Strongly Agree 47 47 45 50 47 Don’t know 1 1 1

Q38F. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: In general, it is better for a family if a woman has the main responsibility for taking care of the home and children rather than a man. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 22 23 23 22 23 Disagree 18 15 19 14 16 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5 4 4 4 4 Agree 31 25 27 30 28 Strongly Agree 25 33 27 30 28 Don’t know 0 1 0 1 1

Q38G. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Information held by public authorities is only for use by government officials; it should not have to be shared with the public. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 32 34 38 28 33 Disagree 24 22 23 24 23 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 5 4 5 4 Agree 24 17 20 22 21 Strongly Agree 13 12 12 14 13 Don’t know 2 10 4 7 6

Q39A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does competition between political parties lead to violent conflict? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 17 19 17 19 18 Rarely 25 26 27 25 26 Often 38 35 38 36 37 Always 18 15 16 17 17 Don’t know 2 4 2 3 2

Q39B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore the courts and laws of this country? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 57 55 57 55 56 Rarely 20 18 21 17 19 Often 10 9 10 9 10 Always 3 5 4 4 4 Don’t know 10 13 7 15 11

Q39C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore parliament and just do what he wants? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 61 57 61 58 60 Rarely 18 16 19 15 17 Often 8 8 9 8 8 Always 3 5 4 4 4 Don’t know 9 13 7 15 11

Q40. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? Urban Rural Male Female Total A lot 11 15 12 14 13 Somewhat 11 9 9 11 10 A little bit 21 21 22 19 20 Not at all 57 55 57 55 56 Don’t know 0 1 0 1 1

Q41. In your opinion, during this country’s elections how often are opposition candidates prevented from running for office? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 64 68 66 66 66 Sometimes 21 15 20 17 18 Often 5 4 6 4 5 Always 2 2 3 2 2 Don’t know 7 10 6 11 9

Q42A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 13 19 17 15 16 Rarely 15 13 15 13 14 Often 26 21 23 24 24 Always 45 45 44 46 45 Don’t know 1 1 0 2 1

Q42B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful about what political organizations they join? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 22 26 24 24 24 Rarely 12 11 12 12 12 Often 23 20 23 21 22 Always 41 41 40 42 41 Don’t know 1 2 1 2 1

Q42C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful about how they vote in an election? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 20 25 24 21 22 Rarely 12 11 11 12 11 Often 24 19 20 23 22 Always 44 44 45 43 44 Don’t know 1 1 1 2 1

Q42D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are people treated unequally under the law? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 19 23 20 21 21 Rarely 13 15 14 14 14 Often 35 27 32 31 31 Always 31 32 32 30 31 Don’t know 3 3 2 4 3

Q42E. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 12 17 13 14 14 Rarely 14 16 15 15 15 Often 40 35 38 37 37 Always 31 27 31 28 29 Don’t know 4 6 3 6 5

Q42F. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 54 54 55 53 54 Rarely 20 19 18 21 19 Often 13 11 12 12 12 Always 11 12 12 11 12 Don’t know 2 4 2 4 3

Q43A. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 12 10 10 13 11 Just a little 15 16 15 16 16 Somewhat 25 23 25 23 24 A lot 45 48 48 45 47 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 3 2 3 2 enough

Q43B. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Parliament Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 17 14 15 17 16 Just a little 25 23 23 25 24 Somewhat 31 29 31 29 30 A lot 22 30 27 24 26 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 4 4 3 6 4 enough

Q43C. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Electoral Commission (EC) Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 22 14 19 18 18 Just a little 24 21 20 25 23 Somewhat 29 28 30 28 29 A lot 20 31 27 23 25 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 4 5 4 6 5 enough

Q43D. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Local Government Council Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 21 15 18 19 18 Just a little 31 25 28 28 28 Somewhat 30 31 31 29 31 A lot 12 22 18 16 17 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 6 7 5 8 6 enough

Q43D1-GHA. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Metropolitan, Municipal or District Chief Executive Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 22 15 18 20 19 Just a little 28 24 26 27 26 Somewhat 28 31 31 27 29 A lot 13 22 18 16 17 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 9 8 7 10 9 enough

Q43E. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP) Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 15 14 12 16 14 Just a little 22 19 20 21 20 Somewhat 28 28 30 26 28 A lot 32 36 34 32 33 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 4 3 3 4 4 enough Refused 0 0 1 0 1

Q43F. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Opposition Political Parties Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 26 21 23 24 24 Just a little 31 28 30 29 29 Somewhat 29 31 31 29 30 A lot 10 15 13 12 12 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 4 5 3 5 4 enough Refused 1 1 1 0 1

Q43G. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Police Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 38 30 36 32 34 Just a little 26 23 22 26 24 Somewhat 22 21 23 21 22 A lot 12 25 18 18 18 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 2 1 2 2 enough

Q43H. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ghana Armed Forces Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 10 7 6 11 9 Just a little 13 13 10 16 13 Somewhat 26 22 25 23 24 A lot 48 55 57 46 51 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 3 3 2 4 3 enough

Q43I. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts of law Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 21 13 19 16 17 Just a little 25 19 21 24 22 Somewhat 31 31 31 30 31 A lot 20 33 26 25 26 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 3 4 2 5 4 enough

Q43J. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Traditional leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 24 14 19 21 20 Just a little 26 20 24 24 24 Somewhat 29 28 30 26 28 A lot 17 36 25 26 25 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 4 2 2 3 3 enough

Q43K. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Religious leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 10 6 8 9 8 Just a little 24 17 21 21 21 Somewhat 35 29 34 30 32 A lot 29 46 35 38 37 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 2 2 2 2 enough

Q43L-GHA. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Information from government sources Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 10 6 7 9 8 Just a little 29 24 26 28 27 Somewhat 37 38 40 35 37 A lot 19 23 22 20 21 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 5 9 5 8 7 enough

Q43M-GHA. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Information from public media institutions Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 10 6 7 9 8 Just a little 27 24 24 26 25 Somewhat 41 37 42 37 40 A lot 17 24 21 19 20 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 5 9 6 8 7 enough

Q43N-GHA. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Information from private media institutions Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 11 8 10 10 10 Just a little 27 23 25 25 25 Somewhat 41 39 42 39 40 A lot 16 18 17 17 17 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 5 11 6 10 8 enough

Q43O-GHA. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Information from Social Media Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 14 10 13 11 12 Just a little 27 22 24 25 25 Somewhat 33 30 35 28 32 A lot 10 13 11 12 11 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 16 25 17 23 20 enough

Q44A. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President and Officials in his Office Urban Rural Male Female Total None 10 13 12 10 11 Some of them 55 45 52 49 50 Most of them 17 23 19 20 20 All of them 8 7 8 7 8 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 10 12 9 13 11

Q44B. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Members of Parliament Urban Rural Male Female Total None 5 7 6 5 6 Some of them 56 48 55 50 52 Most of them 20 24 20 24 22 All of them 11 8 10 9 10 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 8 13 8 13 10

Q44B1-GHA. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Officials of the Electoral Commission (EC) Urban Rural Male Female Total None 7 11 10 7 9 Some of them 57 50 55 53 53 Most of them 18 18 17 18 18 All of them 9 7 8 8 8 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 10 14 9 14 12

Q44C. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Government officials Urban Rural Male Female Total None 3 6 5 3 4 Some of them 54 47 52 49 51 Most of them 25 27 25 27 26 All of them 10 9 11 8 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 8 12 7 12 10

Q44D. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Assembly men and women Urban Rural Male Female Total None 5 11 10 7 8 Some of them 59 51 58 53 56 Most of them 18 19 18 20 19 All of them 9 8 8 8 8 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 8 10 6 12 9

Q44D1-GHA. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Metropolitan, Municipal or District Chief Executive Urban Rural Male Female Total None 4 8 7 5 6 Some of them 55 46 51 51 51 Most of them 21 25 24 22 23 All of them 8 7 8 7 8 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 11 13 9 15 12

Q44E. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Police Urban Rural Male Female Total None 2 4 3 3 3 Some of them 35 31 32 34 33 Most of them 34 32 32 34 33 All of them 25 27 29 23 26 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 5 6 4 7 5

Q44F. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Judges and Magistrates Urban Rural Male Female Total None 2 7 5 4 4 Some of them 53 46 50 50 50 Most of them 25 26 25 27 26 All of them 12 11 14 10 12 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 7 9 6 10 8

Q44G. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Traditional leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total None 8 17 14 10 12 Some of them 55 49 53 53 53 Most of them 18 20 18 19 18 All of them 11 7 10 8 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 8 7 6 9 8

Q44H. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Religious leaders Urban Rural Male Female Total None 13 25 19 18 18 Some of them 63 49 59 55 57 Most of them 11 15 12 13 12 All of them 5 4 4 5 5 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 8 8 6 10 8

Q44I. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Business executives Urban Rural Male Female Total None 5 9 8 5 7 Some of them 59 53 57 55 56 Most of them 16 16 16 16 16 All of them 7 5 7 5 6 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 13 18 12 18 15

Q44J. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Non-governmental organizations Urban Rural Male Female Total None 10 17 16 11 14 Some of them 59 48 57 52 54 Most of them 11 11 10 12 11 All of them 4 3 3 3 3 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 15 21 14 22 18

Q44K-GHA. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Media persons from public media institutions Urban Rural Male Female Total None 6 11 10 7 8 Some of them 65 54 62 58 60 Most of them 13 12 12 13 13 All of them 4 4 4 4 4 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 12 18 12 18 15

Q44L-GHA. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Media persons from private media institutions Urban Rural Male Female Total None 7 11 11 7 9 Some of them 64 54 61 58 59 Most of them 14 13 13 14 13 All of them 4 3 4 4 4 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 12 18 12 18 15

Q45. In your opinion, over the past year, has the level of corruption in this country increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Urban Rural Male Female Total Increased a lot 21 20 21 20 20 Increased somewhat 12 14 13 13 13 Stayed the same 22 22 21 23 22 Decreased somewhat 31 29 31 29 30 Decreased a lot 6 4 6 5 6 Don’t know 8 10 7 10 9

Q46. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption? Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 15 13 15 14 14 Disagree 16 18 16 18 17 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5 3 4 5 4 Agree 35 32 32 35 34 Strongly Agree 25 28 31 22 26 Don’t know 4 5 3 6 5

Q47. In this country, can ordinary people report incidents of corruption without fear, or do they risk retaliation or other negative consequences if they speak out? Urban Rural Male Female Total Can report without fear 33 37 37 33 35 Risk retaliation 63 58 59 62 61 Don’t know 3 5 3 5 4

Q48A. In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding paying taxes they owe to government Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 35 44 38 40 39 Not very likely 25 25 24 25 25 Somewhat likely 22 15 19 18 18 Very likely 16 13 17 13 15 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 3 3 2 4 3

Q48B. In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding going to court Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 38 49 43 43 43 Not very likely 25 23 24 24 24 Somewhat likely 18 14 16 17 16 Very likely 17 12 16 13 15 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 3 2 3 2

Q48C. In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Registering land that does not belong to them Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 37 49 42 42 42 Not very likely 25 22 24 23 24 Somewhat likely 20 13 17 17 17 Very likely 17 13 16 15 15 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 3 1 3 2

Q48D. And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding paying taxes they owe to government Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 5 10 7 8 8 Not very likely 6 6 6 6 6 Somewhat likely 18 16 17 18 17 Very likely 68 64 68 65 66 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 3 2 4 3

Q48E. And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding going to court Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 7 12 9 9 9 Not very likely 5 6 5 5 6 Somewhat likely 17 12 15 15 15 Very likely 69 67 69 68 68 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 2 1 3 2

Q48F. And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Registering land that does not belong to them Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 4 7 6 5 6 Not very likely 3 5 4 4 4 Somewhat likely 14 11 12 13 13 Very likely 77 74 76 75 75 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 2 3 2 3 2

Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services.

Q49A. In the past 12 months have you had contact with a public school? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 70 69 66 73 70 Yes 30 31 34 27 30 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49B. How easy or difficult was it to obtain the services you needed from teachers or school officials? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very easy 8 9 10 7 8 Easy 14 14 14 14 14 Difficult 7 6 7 5 6 Very Difficult 2 2 3 1 2 No contact 70 69 66 73 70 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49C. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a teacher or school official in order to get the services you needed from the schools? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 25 27 29 23 26 Once or twice 3 2 3 2 3 A few times 2 1 1 2 1 Often 0 1 1 0 0 No contact 70 69 66 73 70 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49D. In the past 12 months have you had contact with a public clinic or hospital? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 58 54 60 53 56 Yes 42 46 40 47 44 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49E. How easy or difficult was it to obtain the medical care you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very easy 6 7 7 6 7 Easy 18 18 16 20 18 Difficult 13 13 12 14 13 Very Difficult 5 8 5 8 6 No contact 58 54 60 53 56 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49F. How long did it take you to receive the medical care that you needed? Was it right away, after a short time, after a long time, or never? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 0 0 0 0 0 After a long time 18 20 17 21 19 After a short time 18 20 17 21 19 Right away 7 5 7 6 6 No contact 58 54 60 53 56 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49G. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a health worker or clinic or hospital staff in order to get the medical care you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 37 40 35 42 39 Once or twice 3 4 3 4 3 A few times 2 1 2 1 2 Often 0 0 0 0 0 No contact 58 54 60 53 56 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49H. In the past 12 months have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit, from government? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 79 86 78 86 82 Yes 21 14 22 14 18 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49I. How easy or difficult was it to obtain the document you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very easy 3 3 2 3 3 Easy 6 5 6 4 5 Difficult 6 3 5 3 4 Very Difficult 7 4 8 4 6 No contact 79 86 78 86 82 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49J. How long did it take you to obtain the document that you needed? Was it right away, after a short time, after a long time, or never? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 1 1 1 1 1 After a long time 11 6 11 6 9 After a short time 5 6 7 5 6 Right away 3 1 2 3 2 No contact 79 86 78 86 82 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49K. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 13 11 13 10 12 Once or twice 4 2 5 2 3 A few times 3 1 3 1 2 Often 1 0 1 0 1 No contact 79 86 78 86 82 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49L. In the past 12 months have you tried to get water, sanitation or electric services from government? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 88 86 84 91 87 Yes 12 13 16 9 13 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49M. How easy or difficult was it to obtain the services you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very easy 1 0 1 1 1 Easy 2 3 2 2 2 Difficult 4 4 6 3 4 Very Difficult 4 6 7 3 5 No contact 88 86 84 91 88 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49N. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the services you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 9 11 12 7 10 Once or twice 2 2 3 1 2 A few times 1 0 1 1 1 Often 0 0 0 0 0 No contact 88 86 84 91 87 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49O. In the past 12 months have you requested assistance from the police? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 90 93 88 95 92 Yes 9 7 12 5 8 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49P. How easy or difficult was it to obtain the assistance you needed? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very easy 2 1 2 1 1 Easy 3 2 3 2 2 Difficult 3 2 3 2 3 Very Difficult 2 2 4 1 2 No contact 90 93 88 95 92 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49Q. How long did it take you to receive the help you needed from the police? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 1 0 1 0 1 After a long time 4 3 5 2 3 After a short time 2 2 4 1 2 Right away 2 1 2 1 2 No contact 90 93 88 95 92 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49R. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to get the assistance you needed. Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 6 4 7 3 5 Once or twice 1 2 2 1 1 A few times 1 1 1 1 Often 1 1 2 1 1 No contact 90 93 88 95 92

Q49S. In the past 12 months, how often have you encountered the police in other situations, like at checkpoints, during identity checks or traffic stops, or during an investigation? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 59 61 55 65 60 Once or twice 10 9 11 9 10 A few times 12 12 14 10 12 Often 19 17 20 16 18 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q49T. How often, if ever did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to avoid a problem during one of these encounters. Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 27 25 26 25 26 Once or twice 4 4 5 3 4 A few times 4 3 5 2 3 Often 6 6 8 4 6 No contact 59 61 55 65 60 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q50. In general, when dealing with public officials, how much do you feel that they treat you with respect? Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 24 21 24 22 23 A little bit 23 20 20 23 21 Somewhat 29 28 29 28 28 A lot 17 21 22 16 19 Don’t know 7 10 6 11 9

Q51. In general, when dealing with public officials, do you think that they treat you better, the same, or worse than other people? Urban Rural Male Female Total Much Worse 5 6 6 4 5 Worse 20 19 20 20 20 Same 43 43 43 43 43 Better 15 14 17 13 15 Much Better 1 2 2 1 2 Don’t know 16 15 13 18 15

Q52. When a vendor sells you a kilogramme of maize, rice or gari, how sure are you that you get the correct amount? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 26 19 23 23 23 Sometimes 43 44 42 44 43 Always 27 33 28 31 30 Don’t know 5 4 7 2 4

Q53A. How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say: If you went to the local school to report teacher misbehavior such as absenteeism or mistreatment of students. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 14 14 14 14 14 Not very likely 16 13 15 14 15 Somewhat likely 33 25 29 29 29 Very likely 30 37 34 32 33 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 7 11 8 10 9

Q53B. How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say: If you went to your Economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO) to report corrupt behavior like misuse of funds or requests for bribes by government officers, police, or school or clinic staff Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 20 18 20 18 19 Not very likely 23 20 23 20 21 Somewhat likely 30 27 27 30 28 Very likely 18 23 21 20 21 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 9 13 9 12 11

Q53C. How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say: If you went to the local police to report a crime. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all likely 12 11 12 11 12 Not very likely 13 9 12 11 11 Somewhat likely 34 31 33 32 33 Very likely 36 41 39 38 38 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 5 8 5 8 6

Q54A. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Members of Parliament Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 46 43 42 48 45 Only Sometimes 30 30 34 26 30 Often 11 15 13 12 13 Always 6 5 6 5 5 Don’t know 7 7 5 9 7

Q54B. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Assembly men or women Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 36 29 28 38 33 Only Sometimes 32 32 35 29 32 Often 16 21 20 17 18 Always 10 14 14 9 12 Don’t know 5 4 3 6 5

Q55PT1. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address: 1st response Urban Rural Male Female Total Nothing/ no problems 0 0 0 0 0 Management of the economy 11 6 8 9 9 Wages, incomes and salaries 2 3 2 3 3 Unemployment 32 20 27 26 26 Poverty/destitution 3 6 3 5 4 Rates and Taxes 2 1 1 1 1 Loans / credit 2 1 0 2 1 Farming/agriculture 1 3 3 1 2 Food shortage/famine 0 1 0 0 0 Land 0 0 0 0 0 Transportation 1 1 1 1 1 Communications 0 1 1 0 Infrastructure / roads 8 15 12 11 12 Education 8 12 9 11 10 Housing 1 1 1 1 1 Electricity 4 6 5 5 5 Water supply 4 10 6 7 6 Orphans/street children/homeless 0 0 0 0 0 children Services (other) 1 2 1 2 2 Health 4 4 4 4 4 Sickness / Disease 0 0 0 0 0 Crime and Security 2 1 2 2 2 Corruption 10 3 9 5 7 Political violence 0 0 0 0 0 Political instability / ethnic tensions 0 0 0 0 0 Discrimination/ inequality 0 1 1 0 1 Democracy/political rights 1 1 1 0 1 Agricultural marketing 1 2 1 1 1 Other 1 0 1 1 1 Don’t know 1 0 0 0 0

Q55PT2. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address: 2nd response Urban Rural Male Female Total Management of the economy 9 5 7 7 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 5 2 3 4 4 Unemployment 17 12 15 15 15 Poverty/destitution 5 5 3 6 5 Rates and Taxes 3 1 2 2 2 Loans / credit 1 1 2 1 Farming/agriculture 2 3 3 3 3 Food shortage/famine 1 1 1 1 1 Drought 0 0 0 0 0 Land 0 0 0 0 0 Transportation 1 2 2 2 2 Communications 0 1 0 0 0 Infrastructure / roads 10 14 13 11 12 Education 12 12 12 13 12 Housing 1 0 1 0 0 Electricity 4 7 6 6 6 Water supply 5 12 8 9 8 Orphans/street children/homeless 0 0 0 0 0 children Services (other) 2 2 3 1 2 Health 4 8 6 6 6 AIDS 0 0 0 0 0 Sickness / Disease 0 0 0 0 0 Crime and Security 3 2 3 2 2 Corruption 5 2 4 3 4 Political violence 0 0 0 0 0 Political instability / ethnic tensions 0 0 0 0 0 Discrimination/ inequality 1 0 1 0 1 Gender issues / women’s rights 0 0 0 0 0 Democracy/political rights 1 1 2 0 1 Agricultural marketing 1 3 2 2 2 Other 1 1 1 1 1 No further reply 4 2 2 3 3

Q55PT3. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address: 3rd response Urban Rural Male Female Total Management of the economy 6 5 6 6 6 Wages, incomes and salaries 4 3 3 4 3 Unemployment 11 8 9 9 9 Poverty/destitution 4 5 3 5 4 Rates and Taxes 3 1 2 2 2 Loans / credit 1 2 1 2 2 Farming/agriculture 2 5 3 3 3 Food shortage/famine 1 1 1 2 1 Land 0 0 0 0 0 Transportation 2 3 3 2 2 Communications 0 0 0 0 0 Infrastructure / roads 10 13 12 11 12 Education 8 12 10 10 10 Housing 1 0 0 1 1

Electricity 5 5 5 5 5 Water supply 6 9 8 7 8 Orphans/street children/homeless 0 0 0 0 0 children Services (other) 2 2 2 2 2 Health 8 8 9 8 8 AIDS 0 0 0 0 0 Sickness / Disease 1 0 1 0 1 Crime and Security 4 2 3 3 3 Corruption 6 2 4 4 4 Political violence 0 0 0 0 0 Political instability / ethnic tensions 0 0 1 0 1 Discrimination/ inequality 1 0 1 1 1 Gender issues / women’s rights 0 0 0 0 0 Democracy/political rights 0 0 1 0 0 Agricultural marketing 2 2 2 2 2 Other 1 1 2 1 2 No further reply 9 7 7 9 8

Q55B-GHA. Thinking of the most important problem(s) you mentioned, how confident are you that current government will be able to resolve them before the end of its 4-year tenure in office? Urban Rural Male Female Total Missing 2 1 1 2 1 Not at all confident 5 5 5 5 5 Not confident 7 11 8 10 9 Somewhat confident 41 39 41 38 40 Very confident 40 39 40 39 40 Don’t know 4 4 3 5 4 Not applicable 1 1 1 1

Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country.

Q56A. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Managing the economy Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 10 14 11 12 12 Fairly Badly 16 15 14 17 15 Fairly Well 54 51 53 52 53 Very Well 14 13 15 11 13 Don't know / Haven’t heard 6 8 6 8 7 enough

Q56B. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Improving the living standards of the poor Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 15 18 16 17 17 Fairly Badly 22 24 23 23 23 Fairly Well 47 43 45 46 45 Very Well 8 7 9 6 7 Don't know / Haven’t heard 7 9 7 8 8 enough

Q56C. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Creating jobs Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 20 21 21 20 20 Fairly Badly 24 25 24 25 25 Fairly Well 40 37 40 37 39 Very Well 6 5 6 6 6 Don't know / Haven’t heard 10 10 9 11 10 enough

Q56D. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Keeping prices stable Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 21 24 22 23 22 Fairly Badly 26 30 26 29 28 Fairly Well 40 37 40 37 39 Very Well 6 4 5 5 5 Don't know / Haven’t heard 6 5 6 6 6 enough

Q56E. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 25 27 25 26 26 Fairly Badly 23 29 26 26 26 Fairly Well 34 30 34 31 32 Very Well 5 3 3 4 4 Don't know / Haven’t heard 12 11 11 12 12 enough

Q56F. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Reducing crime Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 14 13 15 13 14 Fairly Badly 17 19 16 19 18 Fairly Well 48 47 48 48 48 Very Well 12 13 13 11 12 Don't know / Haven’t heard 8 8 7 9 8 enough

Q56G. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Improving basic health services Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 9 13 11 10 11 Fairly Badly 17 19 18 18 18 Fairly Well 53 52 51 54 53 Very Well 12 11 12 10 11 Don't know / Haven’t heard 9 5 7 7 7 enough

Q56H. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Addressing educational needs Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 6 8 7 7 7 Fairly Badly 8 13 9 11 10 Fairly Well 44 39 41 43 42 Very Well 39 37 40 36 38 Don't know / Haven’t heard 3 2 2 3 3 enough

Q56I. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Providing water and sanitation services Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 11 14 13 11 12 Fairly Badly 19 24 22 20 21 Fairly Well 52 47 47 52 50 Very Well 10 10 11 9 10 Don't know / Haven’t heard 8 5 6 7 7 enough

Q56J. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 14 14 14 14 14 Fairly Badly 19 28 24 22 23 Fairly Well 49 43 46 47 47 Very Well 7 5 6 6 6 Don't know / Haven’t heard 11 10 9 12 10 enough

Q56K. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Fighting corruption in government Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 12 12 13 11 12 Fairly Badly 17 19 18 18 18 Fairly Well 46 43 45 45 45 Very Well 15 15 17 14 15 Don't know / Haven’t heard 9 12 8 13 10 enough

Q56L. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Maintaining roads and bridges Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 15 22 19 17 18 Fairly Badly 22 24 24 22 23 Fairly Well 41 40 39 43 41 Very Well 7 4 5 6 5 Don't know / Haven’t heard 15 11 13 13 13 enough

Q56M. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Providing a reliable supply of electricity Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 6 14 9 9 9 Fairly Badly 11 17 15 13 14 Fairly Well 56 49 52 54 53 Very Well 20 15 19 17 18 Don't know / Haven’t heard 6 5 5 6 6 enough

Q56N. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Preventing political violence during election campaigns. Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 8 8 9 8 8 Fairly Badly 13 15 14 14 14 Fairly Well 44 45 43 46 45 Very Well 11 10 11 10 10 Don't know / Haven’t heard 23 22 22 23 23 enough

Q56O. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Preventing or resolving violent conflict between communities. Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 7 6 6 6 6 Fairly Badly 12 13 13 12 13 Fairly Well 52 52 52 52 52 Very Well 13 11 13 11 12 Don't know / Haven’t heard 16 18 15 19 17 enough

Q56Q. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Promoting opportunities and equality for women Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 8 10 9 9 9 Fairly Badly 10 11 10 11 11 Fairly Well 53 51 53 51 52 Very Well 17 15 17 15 16 Don't know / Haven’t heard 12 12 11 13 12 enough

Q56R. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Addressing the needs of youth Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 15 15 16 14 15 Fairly Badly 17 22 19 20 20 Fairly Well 50 46 48 48 48 Very Well 8 6 8 6 7 Don't know / Haven’t heard 10 10 9 12 10 enough

Q56S. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Protecting rights and promoting opportunities for disabled people Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 11 11 12 10 11 Fairly Badly 13 11 13 11 12 Fairly Well 46 45 46 46 46 Very Well 11 12 12 11 11 Don't know / Haven’t heard 18 21 18 22 20 enough

Q56T-GHA. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Fighting illegal mining or ‘galamsey’ Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 6 6 6 7 6 Fairly Badly 7 8 7 8 7 Fairly Well 36 33 34 35 35 Very Well 46 47 50 43 47 Don't know / Haven’t heard 4 6 3 7 5 enough

Q56U-GHA. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Illegal activities of political party vigilante groups. Urban Rural Male Female Total Very Badly 15 16 17 14 16 Fairly Badly 19 17 19 17 18 Fairly Well 43 36 40 40 40 Very Well 13 14 14 13 13 Don't know / Haven’t heard 10 17 10 16 13 enough

Q57A. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: Your ability to get medical care when you need it. Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 3 6 4 5 4 Worse 8 11 9 10 10 Same 48 41 43 47 45 Better 30 32 33 29 31 Much better 6 6 6 6 6 Don’t know 4 4 5 4 4

Q57B. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: Your personal safety from crime and violence Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 2 3 3 3 3 Worse 9 10 10 9 10 Same 49 42 44 47 45 Better 32 34 34 31 33 Much better 7 7 7 7 7 Don’t know 1 3 2 3 2

Q57C. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: The government’s effectiveness in addressing educational needs Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 2 3 2 2 2 Worse 6 7 6 6 6 Same 32 30 31 31 31 Better 37 38 38 37 38 Much better 22 20 22 20 21 Don’t know 2 2 1 2 2

Q57D. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: The ability of ordinary people to get help from the police when they need it. Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 2 3 3 3 3 Worse 8 9 8 8 8 Same 55 47 51 52 51 Better 25 31 29 27 28 Much better 5 4 5 4 5 Don’t know 4 7 4 6 5

Q57E. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: The ability of ordinary people to get assistance from government to resolve problems for themselves or their communities Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 3 5 5 4 4 Worse 9 10 10 10 10 Same 53 47 49 52 50 Better 24 25 27 22 24 Much better 3 3 3 3 3 Don’t know 7 10 6 10 9

Q57F. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: The extent to which Members of Parliament listen to what ordinary people have to say Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 5 6 6 5 5 Worse 11 12 12 11 12 Same 53 47 50 51 50 Better 21 22 23 20 22 Much better 3 3 3 3 3 Don’t know 7 9 6 10 8

Q57G. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same: Equal opportunities and treatment for women Urban Rural Male Female Total Much worse 3 4 4 3 4 Worse 6 7 6 7 6 Same 44 39 42 42 42 Better 34 36 36 34 35 Much better 8 9 9 8 8 Don’t know 4 5 4 6 5

Q58A. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past year or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: President Nana Akuffo Addo Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 5 8 6 7 7 Disapprove 10 11 9 12 10 Approve 47 44 46 45 46 Strongly Approve 30 30 32 28 30 Not applicable 1 1 1 Don’t know / haven't heard 6 6 5 7 6 enough

Q58B. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past year or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Member of Parliament Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 12 14 14 12 13 Disapprove 24 19 21 22 21 Approve 38 39 39 38 39 Strongly Approve 10 17 14 12 13 Not applicable 1 1 1 1 Don’t know / haven't heard 14 11 10 15 13 enough

Q58C. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past year or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Assembly man or woman Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 14 14 14 14 14 Disapprove 22 18 19 21 20 Approve 39 42 41 39 40 Strongly Approve 11 18 15 13 14 Not applicable 1 1 1 1 Don’t know / haven't heard 14 8 9 13 11 enough

Q58D. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past year or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your traditional leader Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 11 10 11 9 11 Disapprove 22 14 19 18 19 Approve 35 45 37 41 39 Strongly Approve 9 22 17 14 15 Not applicable 1 1 2 1 1 Don’t know / haven't heard 21 8 13 17 15 enough

Q58E. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past year or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Metropolitan, Municipal or District Chief Executive Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disapprove 9 10 10 9 9 Disapprove 20 17 18 19 19 Approve 35 40 39 36 38 Strongly Approve 8 12 11 9 10 Not applicable 1 1 1 1 Don’t know / haven't heard 26 20 20 26 23 enough

Q59A. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Members of Parliament do their jobs? Urban Rural Male Female Total The President / Executive 34 35 32 37 34 The Parliament / County Assembly 10 16 14 12 13 Their Political Party 6 6 6 6 6 The Voters 46 38 45 39 42 No One 1 1 1 1 Don’t know 3 5 2 5 4

Q59B. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Assembly men and women do their jobs? Urban Rural Male Female Total The President / Executive 14 15 12 16 14 The Parliament / County Assembly 22 26 24 24 24 Their Political Party 5 5 5 5 5 The Voters 55 49 55 50 52 No One 1 0 1 1 1 Don’t know 3 4 2 5 4

Q59C. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, the president does his job? Urban Rural Male Female Total The President / Executive 8 10 8 9 9 The Parliament / County Assembly 27 30 30 28 29 Their Political Party 6 6 5 7 6 The Voters 54 46 53 48 50 No One 1 1 1 1 1 Don’t know 4 6 3 7 5

Q60A. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence? [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years: Violence among people in your neighbourhood or village Urban Rural Male Female Total No, Never 76 81 79 78 78 Yes, feared but didn't experience 16 14 14 16 15 Yes, Feared and experienced 6 4 6 5 6 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1

Q60B. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence?[If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years: Violence at a political rally or campaign event Urban Rural Male Female Total No, Never 74 80 77 76 77 Yes, feared but didn't experience 18 14 16 17 16 Yes, Feared and experienced 6 4 5 4 5 Don't know 2 2 2 2 2

Q60C. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence?[If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years: Violence occurring during a public protest or march Urban Rural Male Female Total No, Never 77 83 80 78 80 Yes, feared but didn't experience 15 10 12 13 13 Yes, Feared and experienced 4 2 3 3 3 Don't know 4 5 4 5 4

Q61A. In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Keep our country safe from external and internal security threats Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 1 1 1 1 1 Rarely 3 4 3 4 4 Sometimes 10 10 9 10 10 Often 22 19 19 22 21 Always 54 55 61 48 54 Don't know / Haven’t heard 9 11 6 14 10 enough

Q61B. In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Get the training and equipment needed to be effective? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 1 1 2 1 1 Rarely 4 4 5 3 4 Sometimes 16 13 16 13 15 Often 21 21 22 20 21 Always 36 35 39 33 36 Don't know / Haven’t heard 22 25 16 30 23 enough

Q61C. In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Operate in a professional manner and respect the rights of all citizens Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 4 6 6 4 5 Rarely 5 5 4 5 5 Sometimes 21 16 20 18 19 Often 21 21 21 21 21 Always 38 37 42 34 38 Don't know / Haven’t heard 10 15 8 17 12 enough

Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Some people say that, in order to enjoy security from violence in our society, we must limit the amount of freedom that citizens are allowed to enjoy. Others say that political liberty is too important to sacrifice and must always be maintained, even if it threatens the security of the country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Q62. Statement 1: Even if faced with threats to public security, people should be free to move about the country at any time of day or night. Statement 2: When faced with threats to public security, the government should be able to impose curfews and set up special roadblocks to prevent people from moving around. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 10 10 10 10 10 Agree with 1 5 7 5 6 6 Agree with 2 15 17 15 18 16 Agree very strongly with 2 64 63 65 62 64 Agree with neither 3 1 3 2 2 Don't know 3 2 2 3 2

Q63. Statement 1: Government should be able to monitor private communications, for example on mobile phones, to make sure that people are not plotting violence. Statement 2: People should have the right to communicate in private without a government agency reading or listening to what they are saying. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 21 24 24 21 23 Agree with 1 11 14 12 13 12 Agree with 2 14 13 14 13 14 Agree very strongly with 2 47 43 45 45 45 Agree with neither 3 3 3 3 3 Don't know 3 4 2 5 3

Q64. Statement 1: Statement 1: Freedom of religion and worship are absolute, meaning that government should never limit what is said in a place of worship. Statement 2: Government should have the power to regulate what is said in places of worship, especially if preachers or congregants threaten public security Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 30 30 29 31 30 Agree with 1 13 13 11 14 13 Agree with 2 17 15 17 16 16 Agree very strongly with 2 33 36 38 31 34 Agree with neither 4 3 3 4 4 Don't know 3 3 2 4 3

Q65. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Our country should be governed primarily by religious law. Statement 2: Our country should be governed only by civil law. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 12 13 13 13 13 Agree with 1 7 8 7 8 8 Agree with 2 17 15 16 16 16 Agree very strongly with 2 52 55 55 52 53 Agree with neither 6 5 6 5 6 Don't know 5 3 3 6 4

Q66. In your opinion, how easy or difficult is it for people in West Africa to cross international borders in order to work or trade in other countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Urban Rural Male Female Total Very difficult 32 42 37 36 37 Difficult 31 27 28 30 29 Easy 14 12 15 11 13 Very easy 5 4 4 4 4 Never try 9 6 7 7 8 Don’t know 9 10 7 11 9

Q67. During the past three years, have you or anyone in your household gone to live in another country outside Ghana for more than three months? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 66 76 68 73 71 Yes 34 24 32 26 29 Don’t know 0 1 0 1 0

Q68A. How much, if at all, have you considered moving to another country to live? Urban Rural Male Female Total Not at all 53 65 54 63 59 A little bit 13 11 14 11 12 Somewhat 10 7 9 8 9 A lot 22 16 23 17 20 Don’t know 1 0 1 1 0

Q68B. How much planning or preparation have you done in order to move to another country to live? Urban Rural Male Female Total You are not currently making any 29 22 28 24 26 specific plans or preparations You are planning to move in the 13 10 14 9 11 next year or two but not yet making preparations You are currently making 4 2 4 2 3 preparations to move, like getting a visa Don't know 1 1 1 1 Not applicable 53 65 54 63 59

Q69. If you were to move to another country, where would you be most likely to go? Urban Rural Male Female Total Nigeria 1 2 1 2 1 Another country in West Africa 2 2 2 1 2 Elsewhere in Africa 2 1 1 2 1 Europe 15 9 16 10 13 North America 18 13 17 15 16 Central/South America 1 1 1 1 1 Middle East 1 1 1 0 1 Asia 1 1 1 1 1 Australia 1 1 1 0 1 Outside of Africa 2 2 2 2 2 Don’t know 3 2 3 2 2 Not applicable 53 65 54 63 59

Q70. There are several reasons why people leave their home to live in another country for an extended period of time. What about you. What is the most important reason why you would consider moving from Ghana? Urban Rural Male Female Total Find work 23 20 24 19 22 Economic hardship 8 8 9 7 8 Lower taxes at destination 0 0 0 0 0 Poverty 1 1 1 1 1 Poor infrastructure/ services 0 0 0 0 0 Better business prospects 4 2 4 3 3 Better democratic environment 0 0 0 0 0 Religious persecution 0 0 0 0 0 Civil war 0 0 0 0 0 Crime 0 0 0 0 0 Better schools 0 0 0 0 0 Better medical services 0 0 0 0 0 To pursue an education 4 1 3 2 3 To accompany family members 0 0 0 1 0 who are moving for work To join spouse/ family members 1 0 1 1 1 who have already migrated Travel/tourism/adventure/experien 3 1 2 2 2 ce other cultures Other 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know 1 0 1 1 1 Not applicable 53 65 54 63 59

Q71. In your experience, would you say climate conditions for agricultural production in your area have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same over the last 10 years or haven’t you heard enough to say? Urban Rural Male Female Total No experience 13 10 10 13 12 Much worse 13 23 19 16 18 Worse 24 22 25 22 23 About the same 14 11 13 12 13 Better 18 20 18 19 18 Much better 3 4 4 4 4 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 15 9 11 14 12 enough to say

Q72A. In your experience, over the past 10 years, has there been any change in the severity of the following events in the area where you live? Have they become more severe, less severe, or stayed about the same: Droughts Urban Rural Male Female Total Much more severe 10 19 15 13 14 Somewhat more severe 15 17 17 15 16 Stayed the same 24 16 20 21 21 Somewhat less severe 14 17 15 15 15 Much less severe 30 22 25 27 26 Don’t know 8 8 8 9 8

Q72B. In your experience, over the past 10 years, has there been any change in the severity of the following events in the area where you live? Have they become more severe, less severe, or stayed about the same: Flooding Urban Rural Male Female Total Much more severe 16 11 15 13 14 Somewhat more severe 13 13 14 12 13 Stayed the same 21 17 20 18 19 Somewhat less severe 15 16 15 15 15 Much less severe 28 33 29 32 30 Don’t know 8 10 7 10 9

Q73A. Have you heard about climate change or haven’t you had the chance to hear about this yet? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 40 48 35 52 44 Yes 56 47 61 42 52 Don’t know/Haven't heard 5 5 3 6 4 enough

Q73B. What does the phrase “climate change” mean to you? Urban Rural Male Female Total Negative changes in the weather 28 24 32 21 26 Positive changes in the weather 12 12 13 10 12 Other changes in weather 15 11 16 11 13 patterns Not applicable 40 48 35 52 44 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard 5 5 3 7 5 enough

Q74. People have different ideas about what causes climate change. What about you, which of the following do you think is the main cause of climate change, or haven't you heard enough to say? Urban Rural Male Female Total Human Activity 25 21 30 17 23 Natural processes 15 17 16 15 16 Both human activity and natural 15 9 15 10 12 processes None of these 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know / Haven’t heard 5 5 3 6 5 enough Not applicable 40 48 35 52 44

Q75. Do you think climate change is making life in Ghana better or worse, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Urban Rural Male Female Total Much better 3 3 4 3 3 Somewhat better 14 9 13 10 12 Neither/ no change / about the 6 3 6 3 5 same Somewhat worse 21 19 23 17 20 Much worse 11 12 15 8 11 Not applicable 40 48 35 52 44 Don’t know / Haven’t heard 6 5 4 6 5 enough to say

Q76. Do you think that climate change needs to be stopped? [If yes] How much do you think that ordinary Ghanaians can do to stop climate change? Urban Rural Male Female Total No, climate change doesn’t need 12 9 12 9 10 to be stopped Yes, Ordinary Ghanaians can do 9 8 10 7 9 nothing at all Yes, Ordinary Ghanaians can do a 16 15 17 13 15 little bit Yes, Ordinary Ghanaians can do a 17 14 21 11 16 lot Not applicable 40 48 35 52 44 Don’t know 6 6 4 8 6

Q77A. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree,or haven’t you heard enough to say: In our country today, girls and boys have equal opportunities to get an education. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 2 3 2 2 2 Disagree 3 4 3 3 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 0 1 1 0 0 Agree 30 29 29 30 29 Strongly Agree 64 63 64 64 64 Don’t know 1 0 1 1 0

Q77B. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree,or haven’t you heard enough to say: In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to earn an income. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 1 2 1 1 1 Disagree 4 6 5 5 5 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 1 1 1 1 1 Agree 34 32 33 33 33 Strongly Agree 58 59 59 59 59 Strongly Disagree 1 2 1 1 1

Q77C. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree,or haven’t you heard enough to say: In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to get a job that pays a wage or salary. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 1 2 1 2 2 Disagree 4 7 6 5 5 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 1 1 1 1 1 Agree 35 32 33 34 33 Strongly Agree 58 58 58 57 58 Don’t know 1 1 1 1 1

Q77D. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree,or haven’t you heard enough to say: In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to own and inherit land. Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 3 7 5 4 5 Disagree 5 8 7 6 6 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 2 2 2 2 2 Agree 35 32 33 34 34 Strongly Agree 55 49 52 52 52 Don’t know 1 1 1 1 1

Q78A. Please tell me for each of the following actions whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: For parents to use physical force to discipline their children? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never justified 30 29 31 29 30 Sometimes justified 53 50 51 52 51 Always justified 17 21 18 19 19 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q78B. Please tell me for each of the following actions whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: For a man to beat his wife? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never justified 89 85 84 90 87 Sometimes justified 7 11 11 7 9 Always justified 3 5 5 3 4 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q79A-GHA. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: The Metropolitan, Municipal and District Chief Executives or M/DCE’s should be elected by voters in the local authority area. Statement 2: The Metropolitan, Municipal and District Chief Executives or M/DCE’s should be appointed by the President with approval by Assembly Members. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 56 54 58 52 55 Agree with 1 13 14 12 15 14 Agree with 2 7 8 7 8 8 Agree very strongly with 2 16 18 19 15 17 Agree with neither 2 1 1 2 1 Refused 0 0 0 0 0 Don't know 6 5 3 8 5

Q79B-GHA. If citizens were to elect their Metropolitan, Municipal and District Chief Executives or M/DCE’s, which electoral procedures would you want the country to adopt? Urban Rural Male Female Total M/DCEs should run as non- 55 45 53 49 51 partisans in a manner similar to how Assembly men and women are elected M/DCEs should run as 37 45 42 40 41 representatives of political parties Neither or “some other way 0 1 0 0 0 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know 7 9 5 11 8

Q79C-GHA. In your opinion, do you think the district assembly election for assembly men and women is really non-partisan? Urban Rural Male Female Total No 70 61 69 63 66 Yes 24 31 27 27 27 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know 7 8 4 10 7

Q80A-GHA. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Even if resources for addressing the numerous challenges facing the country are limited, government should still devote enough funds toward investigating and punishing corrupt officials Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 7 9 7 8 8 Disagree 10 9 10 9 10 Neither Agree nor Disagree 3 3 2 4 3 Agree 31 28 30 30 30 Strongly Agree 41 45 46 40 43 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard 7 6 5 8 6 enough Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q80B-GHA. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Governments have over the years been swift in investigating and punishing corrupt officials who belong to opposition parties compared to those affiliated to the ruling party Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly Disagree 11 13 12 12 12 Disagree 15 12 13 14 13 Neither Agree nor Disagree 4 4 3 4 4 Agree 29 25 29 26 27 Strongly Agree 32 36 36 32 34 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard 10 10 7 13 10 enough Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q80C-GHA. There have been different suggestions regarding how best to deal with people who engage in corrupt practices whilst in public office. In your opinion, which of the following would be the most appropriate form of punishment for such individuals? Urban Rural Male Female Total Government just names and 2 3 2 3 2 shames that official as a corrupt person Government retrieves stolen funds, 22 23 20 25 23 but does not prosecute the corrupt official Government prosecutes and jails 9 8 9 9 9 the corrupt official without retrieving stolen funds Government prosecutes and jails 65 64 68 61 64 the corrupt official, retrieves and uses stolen funds for a public facility Don’t know 2 2 1 3 2 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q81A-GHA. In Ghana, political party vigilante groups engage in some activities during the election and post-election periods. Please tell me whether you think the following actions of these vigilante groups are not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Members of a political party vigilante group attack government appointees whose appointment they disagree with. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not wrong at all 2 2 2 2 2 Wrong but understandable 6 6 7 5 6 Wrong and punishable 89 86 87 89 88 Don't Know 3 5 3 5 4 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q81B-GHA. In Ghana, political party vigilante groups engage in some activities during the election and post-election periods. Please tell me whether you think the following actions of these vigilante groups are not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Members of a political party vigilante group lock up government offices because their expectation of getting employment with those institutions are not met. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not wrong at all 1 2 2 1 2 Wrong but understandable 7 8 8 7 7 Wrong and punishable 89 85 87 87 87 Don't Know 2 5 3 4 4 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q81C-GHA. In Ghana, political party vigilante groups engage in some activities during the election and post-election periods. Please tell me whether you think the following actions of these vigilante groups are not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Members of a political party vigilante group takeover and destroy state properties such as offices, tollbooths, public toilets, car parks. Urban Rural Male Female Total Not wrong at all 1 1 1 1 1 Wrong but understandable 3 5 4 4 4 Wrong and punishable 93 89 92 91 91 Don't Know 2 5 3 4 4 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q81D-GHA. Please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of the following statement: Government must prosecute and punish vigilante groups that engage in acts of lawlessness irrespective of their party affiliation Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly disapprove 3 3 4 3 3 Disapprove 4 3 4 3 4 Neither approve nor disapprove 2 1 2 1 2 Approve 32 26 27 31 29 Strongly approve 57 62 60 58 59 Don’t know 2 4 2 3 3 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Q82-GHA. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Sometimes it is acceptable for citizens to administer instant justice to suspected criminals. Statement 2: Citizens should always rely solely on the police to deal with suspected criminals. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 7 11 9 8 9 Agree with 1 7 6 7 5 6 Agree with 2 14 13 13 14 14 Agree very strongly with 2 67 69 67 69 68 Agree with neither 3 2 2 2 2 Don't know 2 0 2 1 1 Refused 0 0 0 0 0

Q83A-GHA. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Even though illegal small-scale mining or ‘galamsey’ is prohibited by law, citizens should be able to engage in it to eke a living. Statement 1: Illegal small-scale mining or ‘galamsey’ is prohibited by the law and citizens should not engage in it for any reason. Urban Rural Male Female Total Agree very strongly with 1 11 15 13 12 13 Agree with 1 6 11 7 10 8 Agree with 2 15 15 14 15 15 Agree very strongly with 2 62 55 61 58 59 Agree with neither 3 2 3 3 3 Don't know 3 2 2 3 2 Refused 0 0 0 0 0

Q83B-GHA. Please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of the following statement: The government should be responsible for providing alternative livelihoods for Ghanaians who are currently engaged in illegal small-scale mining or ‘galamsey’? Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly disapprove 7 5 7 5 6 Disapprove 9 8 9 8 9 Neither approve nor disapprove 3 2 2 3 3 Approve 34 22 28 29 28 Strongly approve 45 61 51 53 52 Don’t know 2 2 2 2 2 Refused to Answer 0 0 0 0 0

Let’s go back to talking about you.

Q84.What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? Urban Rural Male Female Total Akan 53 47 50 51 51 Ewe/Anlo 15 15 16 15 15 Ga/Adangbe 11 7 10 8 9 Dagomba 5 6 6 5 5 Dagaare 1 1 1 1 1 Minor tribes in three Northerly 13 23 16 19 18 regions National identity only 1 0 0 0 0 Others 0 1 0 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q85A. How often, if ever, are ______s [R’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 70 69 69 70 69 Sometimes 17 19 19 17 18 Often 4 4 5 4 5 Always 4 4 4 4 4 Don’t know 4 4 3 5 4 Not applicable 1 0 0 1 0

Q85B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Ghanaian and being a ______[R’s ETHNIC GROUP]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings? Urban Rural Male Female Total I feel only (ethnic group) 3 7 4 6 5 I feel more (ethnic group) than 4 8 6 6 6 (national identity) I feel equally (national identity) 55 48 51 53 52 and (ethnic group) I feel more (national identity) than 14 14 15 13 14 (ethnic group) I feel only (national identity) 22 23 24 21 23 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 Not applicable 1 0 0 1 0

Q86A. In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your gender Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 91 90 92 89 91 Once or twice 5 6 5 6 5 Several times 2 4 2 4 3 Many times 1 0 1 1 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q86B. In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your religion Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 92 91 90 93 91 Once or twice 4 5 5 3 4 Several times 3 4 4 3 4 Many times 1 1 1 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q86C. In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your ethnicity Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 89 88 87 89 88 Once or twice 6 6 6 5 6 Several times 4 5 5 4 5 Many times 2 1 1 2 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q86D. In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Any disability you might have Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 23 12 18 18 18 Once or twice 1 2 1 1 1 Several times 1 1 1 1 1 Many times 1 0 1 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 Not applicable (no disability) 75 84 79 80 79

Q87A. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People of a different religion Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly dislike 4 4 3 4 4 Somewhat dislike 4 3 4 4 4 Would not care 26 23 24 24 24 Somewhat like 8 9 8 9 9 Strongly like 58 61 60 58 59 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q87B. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People from other ethnic groups Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly dislike 2 3 2 3 3 Somewhat dislike 2 2 2 2 2 Would not care 27 23 26 25 25 Somewhat like 8 10 9 10 9 Strongly like 60 61 61 60 61 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q87C. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Homosexuals Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly dislike 89 90 88 91 90 Somewhat dislike 3 3 4 3 3 Would not care 4 4 5 3 4 Somewhat like 1 1 1 1 1 Strongly like 2 2 2 2 2 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q87D. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Immigrants or foreign workers Urban Rural Male Female Total Strongly dislike 8 9 8 9 9 Somewhat dislike 7 5 5 7 6 Would not care 23 21 22 22 22 Somewhat like 15 14 14 15 15 Strongly like 46 51 51 45 48 Don’t know 0 0 0 1 0

Q88A. Do you feel close to any particular political party? Urban Rural Male Female Total No, not close to any party 44 34 38 41 39 Yes, feels close to a party 52 63 59 55 57 Don't know 1 0 0 1 1 Refused 3 3 3 3 3

Q88B. Which party is that? Urban Rural Male Female Total Convention People’s Party (CPP) 0 0 0 0 0 National Democratic Congress 13 23 19 16 18 (NDC) New Patriotic Party (NPP) 34 37 36 36 36 People’s National Convention 0 0 0 0 0 (PNC) Progressive People’s Party (PPP) 1 1 1 0 1 Democratic People’s Party (DPP) 0 0 0 0 0 National Democratic Party (NDP) 0 0 0 0 0 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 Not applicable 48 37 41 45 43 Refused to answer 3 3 3 3 2

Q89A. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: Radio Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 10 17 10 16 13 Yes, someone else owns 11 21 10 21 16 Yes, do own 78 62 80 62 71

Q89B. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: Television Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 10 42 23 26 25 Yes, someone else owns 14 17 11 19 15 Yes, do own 76 41 65 55 60 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q89C. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: Motor vehicle or motorcycle Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 66 65 64 68 66 Yes, someone else owns 18 17 12 22 17 Yes, do own 15 16 23 9 16 Don’t know 1 1 1 1 1

Q89D. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: A Computer Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 62 82 66 77 71 Yes, someone else owns 14 7 9 12 11 Yes, do own 23 9 24 10 17 Don’t know 1 2 1 1 1

Q89E. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: Bank account Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 22 50 31 38 35 Yes, someone else owns 13 15 10 18 14 Yes, do own 64 34 58 43 50 Don’t know 1 1 1 1 1

Q89F. Which of these things do you personally own? [If no ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one: Mobile phone Urban Rural Male Female Total No, don’t own 2 10 5 7 6 Yes, someone else owns 3 14 5 11 8 Yes, do own 94 76 91 82 86 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q90. Does your phone have access to the internet? Urban Rural Male Female Total No, does not have internet access 44 58 47 53 50 Yes, has internet 50 18 43 28 35 Not applicable 6 24 9 18 14 Don't know 0 1 1 0 1

Q91A. How often do you use: A mobile phone? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 2 11 4 9 6 Less than once a month 0 2 1 1 1 A few times a month 1 3 2 2 2 A few times a week 3 11 5 9 7 Everyday 93 72 88 79 84 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q91B. How often do you use: The internet? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never 53 82 58 74 66 Less than once a month 4 2 3 3 3 A few times a month 5 3 5 3 4 A few times a week 12 5 11 6 9 Everyday 27 7 22 13 18 Don't know 0 1 0 0 0

Q92A. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your compound: Your main source of water for household use Urban Rural Male Female Total Inside the house 22 3 13 13 13 Inside the compound 24 8 17 16 17 Outside the compound 55 89 69 71 70

Q92B. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your compound: A toilet or latrine Urban Rural Male Female Total No latrine 3 10 6 7 6 Inside the house 27 6 19 16 18 Inside the compound 28 19 25 23 24 Outside the compound 42 64 50 54 52

Q93. Do you have an electric connection to your home from the mains? Urban Rural Male Female Total No mains electric supply or 5 25 13 15 14 connection to the home Never 1 2 2 1 1 Occasionally 2 4 4 3 3 About half of the time 2 2 1 2 2 Most of the time 39 38 39 39 39 All of the time 50 28 41 40 41 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q94. Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [If yes, ask:] Is it full-time or part-time? [If no, ask:] Are you presently looking for a job? Urban Rural Male Female Total No, not looking 14 17 15 16 15 No, looking 18 21 19 20 20 Yes, part time 9 8 9 9 9 Yes, full time 58 53 57 55 56 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q95A.What is your main occupation. [If unemployed, retired or disabled, ask:] What was your last main occupation? Urban Rural Male Female Total Never had a job 6 7 6 8 6 Student 7 5 6 6 6 Housewife / homemaker 2 2 4 2 Agriculture / farming / fishing / 7 45 30 19 24 forestry Trader / hawker / vendor 29 16 8 37 23 Retail / Shop 5 2 3 4 3 Unskilled manual worker 8 5 8 5 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker 20 10 21 10 15 Clerical or secretarial 1 1 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior 1 1 1 Manager Security services 1 1 1 Mid-level professional 8 4 8 4 6 Upper-level professional 2 1 2 1 2 Other 3 2 4 2 3 Don’t know Refused 1 1 1 1

Q95B. Do you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or for government? Urban Rural Male Female Total Works for self 59 72 61 69 65 Private sector 16 8 17 9 13 Non-Governmental Organizations 1 0 1 0 1 / Civil society sector Government 9 4 9 5 7 Not applicable 15 14 12 17 14 Don't know 0 1 1 0 0

Q95C. What is the main way that decisions are made about how to use any money that you have or earn, for example from a job, a business, selling things or other activities? Urban Rural Male Female Total You make the decisions yourself 58 48 60 46 53 Your spouse makes the decisions 5 7 2 9 6 You make the decisions jointly with 21 27 22 26 24 your spouse You make the decisions jointly with 10 12 10 11 11 other family members Other family members make the 2 2 1 3 2 decisions without you None of the above / Some other 1 1 1 1 1 response Not applicable, no earnings 3 3 3 4 3

Q96A. Who is the head of this household that is the person who has primary responsibility for making decisions on behalf of the household? Urban Rural Male Female Total You (respondent) 48 48 67 29 48 Respondent's spouse 19 21 1 38 20 Respondent's father 15 16 16 15 15 Respondent's mother 7 6 6 7 7 Respondent's son 0 0 0 0 0 Respondent's daughter 0 0 0 0 0 Respondent's grandfather 1 1 1 1 1 Respondent's grandmother 1 1 1 1 1 Another male relative 4 5 5 4 4 Another female relative 2 1 1 2 2 Someone else 2 2 2 2 2 More than one person 0 0 0 0 0 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q96B. What is the main occupation of the head of the household? [If unemployed, retired or disabled, ask:] What was his/her last main occupation?) Urban Rural Male Female Total Never had a job 1 1 0 1 1 Student 0 0 0 0 0 Housewife / homemaker 0 0 0 1 0 Agriculture / farming / fishing / 10 34 13 28 21 forestry Trader / hawker / vendor 10 4 5 9 7 Retail / Shop 2 1 1 2 1 Unskilled manual worker 5 2 2 5 4 Artisan or skilled manual worker 9 4 3 11 7 Clerical or secretarial 0 0 0 0 0 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior 1 0 0 1 1 Manager Security services 2 1 1 2 2 Mid-level professional 6 2 2 6 4 Upper-level professional 2 0 1 1 1 Other 1 1 1 2 2 Don’t know 2 0 1 1 1 Not applicable (respondent is 48 48 67 29 48 head of household)

Q97.What is your highest level of education. Urban Rural Male Female Total No formal schooling 8 24 11 19 15 Informal schooling only 1 1 1 1 1 Some primary schooling 8 14 8 13 11 Primary school completed 14 18 13 19 16 Some secondary school / high 25 25 27 24 25 school Secondary school / high school 23 12 22 15 18 completed Post-secondary qualifications, 11 4 10 6 8 other than university Some university 2 1 1 1 1 University completed 6 2 6 3 4 Post-graduate 1 0 1 0 1 Don’t know 0 0 0 0 0

Q98.What is your religion, if any? Urban Rural Male Female Total None 3 3 5 2 3 Christian only 21 19 20 21 20 Roman Catholic 10 12 10 11 11 Orthodox 4 4 4 4 4 Anglican 1 1 2 1 2 Lutheran 0 0 0 0 0 Methodist 6 6 6 6 6 Presbyterian 7 7 7 7 7 Baptist 1 1 1 1 1 Evangelical 1 1 1 2 1 Pentecostal 19 17 15 21 18 Independent 0 1 0 1 1

Jehovah’s Witness 1 1 1 1 1 Seventh Day Adventist 2 2 2 1 2 Mormon 0 0 0 0 0 Muslim only 16 13 15 14 14 Sunni only 1 0 1 0 1 Ismaeli 0 0 0 0 0 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 0 0 0 0 Tijaniya Brotherhood 0 0 0 0 0 Qadiriya Brotherhood 0 0 0 0 0 Traditional / ethnic religion 0 4 4 1 2 Calvinist 0 0 0 0 0 Church of Christ 1 1 1 1 1 Zionist Christian Church 0 0 0 0 0 Jewish 0 0 0 0 0 Apostolic Church 1 1 1 1 1 Other 3 4 4 4 4 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

Q99. If presidential elections were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? Urban Rural Male Female Total Convention People’s Party (CPP) 1 1 1 1 1 National Democratic Congress 17 27 21 22 22 (NDC) New Patriotic Party (NPP) 50 48 50 48 49 People’s National Convention 0 0 0 0 0 (PNC) Progressive People’s Party (PPP) 1 1 1 1 1 National Democratic Party (NDP) 0 0 0 0 0 All People’s Party (APC) 0 0 0 0 0 Other 1 1 1 1 1 Would not vote 6 4 5 4 5 Don't know 10 7 7 10 8 Refused to answer 14 11 13 13 13

Q100.Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? Urban Rural Male Female Total No one 0 1 0 0 0 Afrobarometer 27 19 28 19 23 Research Company 5 3 4 4 4 Non-government or religious 10 11 10 10 10 organization University / School / College 1 1 1 1 1 Private company 2 0 1 1 1 Media 2 1 1 1 1 Political party or politician 3 4 3 4 4 Government 39 43 38 44 41 International organization or 1 1 1 0 1 another country God 0 1 0 0 1 Other 1 2 2 2 2 Don’t know 10 13 10 13 11