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Lack of Safe Water, Sanitation Spurs Growing Dissatisfaction with Government Performance
Afrobarometer Round 6 New data from 36 African countries Dispatch No. 76 | 22 March 2016 Lack of safe water, sanitation spurs growing dissatisfaction with government performance Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 76 | Corah Walker Summary If water is fundamental to life and human dignity, no issue is more pressing for 663 million people for whom access is still lacking (United Nations, 2015). As World Water Day (March 22) reminds us, safe and readily available water is a human right and an important contributor to public health, whether it is used for drinking, washing, food production, or recreational purposes. Contaminated water and inadequate sanitation help transmit diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, and typhoid; diarrheal deaths due to unclean drinking water are estimated at 502,000 each year, most of them of young children (World Health Organization, 2015). Improved access to safe water and sanitation boosts economic growth, contributes to poverty reduction, and is highly relevant to achieving all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), from health and education to food security and environmental sustainability (World Bank, 2014). Substantial progress was made under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) initiative; worldwide, the target of reducing by half the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water was met in 2010. But in sub-Saharan Africa, most countries fell short, and achieving the new SDG No. 6 – ensuring access to water and sanitation for all by 2030 – will require intensive and sustained action. In observance of World Water Day, new findings from Afrobarometer’s Round 6 surveys in 36 African countries give voice to citizens who call on their governments to address inadequate water supply and sanitation as a top priority. -
Working Paper No. 130 RESOURCES: LAND, CHIEFS and COALITION-BUILDING in AFRICA by Kate Baldwin
Working Paper No. 130 WHEN POLITICIANS CEDE CONTROL OF RESOURCES: LAND, CHIEFS AND COALITION-BUILDING IN AFRICA by Kate Baldwin AFROBAROMETER WORKING PAPERS Working Paper No. 130 WHEN POLITICIANS CEDE CONTROL OF RESOURCES: LAND, CHIEFS AND COALITION- BUILDING IN AFRICA by Kate Baldwin April 2011 Kate Baldwin is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Florida and Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of Democratic Politics, Princeton University. Mailing address: 308A Robertson Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544. Telephone: 917-375-7614. Fax: 609-258-5014. E-mail: [email protected] . Copyright Afrobarometer i AFROBAROMETER WORKING PAPERS Editor Michael Bratton Editorial Board E. Gyimah-Boadi Carolyn Logan Robert Mattes Leonard Wantchekon Afrobarometer publications report the results of national sample surveys on the attitudes of citizens in selected African countries towards democracy, markets, civil society, and other aspects of development. The Afrobarometer is a collaborative enterprise of the Centre for Democratic Development (CDD, Ghana), the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), and the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) with support from Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Cape Town, Center of Social Science Research (UCT/CSSR). Afrobarometer papers are simultaneously co-published by these partner institutions and the Globalbarometer. Working Papers and Briefings Papers can be downloaded in Adobe Acrobat format from www.afrobarometer.org . Idasa co-published with: Copyright Afrobarometer ii When Politicians Cede Control of Resources: Land, Chiefs and Coalition-Building in Africa Abstract 1 Why would politicians give up power over the allocation of critical resources to community leaders? This article examines why many African governments have ceded power over the allocation of land to non-elected traditional leaders. -
Eurobarometer 513 Climate Change
Special Eurobarometer 513 Climate Change Report Fieldwork: March - April 2021 This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors. Project title Special Eurobarometer 513 Climate, Report Language version EN Catalogue number ML-03-21-256-EN-N ISBN 978-92-76-38399-4 DOI 10.2834/437 © European Union, 2021 https://www.europa.eu/eurobarometer Photo credit: Getty Images Special Eurobarometer 513 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 I. EUROPEAN PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 8 1. Perceptions of climate change as a global problem 9 2. Perceived seriousness of climate change 22 II. TAKING ACTION TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE 26 1. Responsibility for tackling climate change 27 2. Personal action to tackle climate change 34 3. Types of individual action 39 III. ATTITUDES TO FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGIES 49 1. Attitudes towards taking action on climate change 51 2. Attitudes towards reducing fossil fuel imports 54 3. Attitudes towards the economic benefits of promoting EU expertise in clean technologies outside the EU 57 4. Attitudes to public financial support for clean energies as opposed to fossil fuel subsidies 60 5. Attitudes to adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change 64 6. Attitudes to tackling climate change and environmental issues as a priority to improve public health 67 7. Attitudes on the trade-off between costs caused by climate change versus the costs of a green transition 69 IV. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 72 1. Current national governments action to tackle climate change 73 2. -
EFAMRO / ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an Eprivacy Regulation —
EFAMRO / ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation — April 2017 EFAMRO/ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation April 2017 00. Table of contents P3 1. About EFAMRO and ESOMAR 2. Key recommendations P3 P4 3. Overview P5 4. Audience measurement research P7 5. Telephone and online research P10 6. GDPR framework for research purposes 7. List of proposed amendments P11 a. Recitals P11 b. Articles P13 2 EFAMRO/ESOMAR Position Statement on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation April 2017 01. About EFAMRO and ESOMAR This position statement is submitted In particular our sector produces research on behalf of EFAMRO, the European outcomes that guide decisions of public authorities (e.g. the Eurobarometer), the non- Research Federation, and ESOMAR, profit sector including charities (e.g. political the World Association for Data, opinion polling), and business (e.g. satisfaction Research and Insights. In Europe, we surveys, product improvement research). represent the market, opinion and In a society increasingly driven by data, our profession ensures the application of appropriate social research and data analytics methodologies, rigour and provenance controls sectors, accounting for an annual thus safeguarding access to quality, relevant, turnover of €15.51 billion1. reliable, and aggregated data sets. These data sets lead to better decision making, inform targeted and cost-effective public policy, and 1 support economic development - leading to ESOMAR Global Market Research 2016 growth and jobs. 02. Key Recommendations We support the proposal for an ePrivacy Amendment of Article 8 and Recital 21 to enable Regulation to replace the ePrivacy Directive as research organisations that comply with Article this will help to create a level playing field in a true 89 of the General Data Protection Regulation European Digital Single Market whilst increasing (GDPR) to continue conducting independent the legal certainty for organisations operating in audience measurement research activities for different EU member states. -
Highlights of Round 6 Survey Findings from 36 African Countries
Highlights of Round 6 survey findings from 36 African countries Afrobarometer Round 6 New data from across Africa Table of contents Priority problems and investments ........................................................................................ 2 Infrastructure............................................................................................................................. 3 Lived poverty............................................................................................................................ 4 Tolerance .................................................................................................................................. 5 Electrification ............................................................................................................................ 6 Water and sanitation ............................................................................................................... 7 Health care ............................................................................................................................... 8 Media freedom ........................................................................................................................ 9 Regional integration .............................................................................................................. 10 Youth engagement ............................................................................................................... 11 Trustworthy institutions .......................................................................................................... -
Solvay 224 Avenue Louise 1050 Brussels
Mobilise! Incorporating Mobile Phones in Social and Policy-oriented Surveys ALEC M GALLUP FUTURE OF 1SURVEY RESEARCH FORUM 14 October, 2009 Hôtel Solvay 224 Avenue Louise 1050 Brussels % Dear Attendee, Mobile phones have had a remarkable impact on the world in a relatively short period of time. In all surveys, the overriding consideration is to reach all members of the public, young or old, male or female, employed or self- employed. In the nineties, fixed-line telephone coverage reached almost saturation point, but times are changing. In Europe, countries such as Finland and the Czech Republic now have a majority of citizens who are "mobile-only". Furthermore, as mobile phone ownership and usage is currently higher among certain groups, such as younger members of the population, the potential arises for mobile-phone non- coverage bias. This was a topic widely debated during the 2004 US Presidential election. Further discussion and research on the topic is vital. That's why Gallup has brought together the world's leading experts to thrash out issues that will undoubtedly impact the future of social research. Earlier this year, we were saddened by the death of Alec Gallup, a consummate polling professional who served the company for 60 years. If he was still with us, he would be watching the increase of the mobile-phone population with interest. Alec Gallup understood polling from A to Z and he knew that that the future of survey research depended on methodologies that would continue to give an equal opportunity of being polled … to all members of the public Bi-annual series of seminars: Future of Surveys We would therefore like to welcome you to "The 1st Alec Gallup Future of Survey Research Forum: Incorporating Mobile Phones in Social and Policy-oriented Surveys. -
Highlights of Round 6 Survey Findings from 36 African Countries
Highlights of Round 6 survey findings from 36 African countries Afrobarometer Round 6 New data from across Africa Table of contents Priority problems and investments ........................................................................................ 2 Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 3 Lived poverty ...................................................................................................................... 4 Tolerance............................................................................................................................. 5 Electrification....................................................................................................................... 6 Water and sanitation .......................................................................................................... 7 Health care ......................................................................................................................... 8 Media freedom ................................................................................................................... 9 Regional integration ......................................................................................................... 10 Youth engagement .......................................................................................................... 11 Trustworthy institutions ..................................................................................................... -
Where to Start? Aligning Sustainable Development Goals with Citizen Priorities
Afrobarometer Round 6 New data from across Africa Dispatch No. 67 | 17 December 2015 Where to start? Aligning Sustainable Development Goals with citizen priorities Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 67 | Thomas Bentley, Markus Olapade, Pauline Wambua, and Nora Charron Summary On 1 January 2016, the United Nations’ new development agenda will take effect. Titled “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” it extends and supplements the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges facing citizens around the globe. The SDGs set high targets on a very broad range of issues: ending poverty, achieving food security, ensuring healthy lives, high-quality education, gender equality, sustainable water management, and affordable and reliable energy, among others – 17 goals in all, supported by 169 targets (UN, 2015). Where to start? What to prioritize, amidst so many needs and ambitions? The UN notes that implementation will require “the participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people,” taking into account “different national realities, capacities, and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities” (UN, 2015, pp. 2-3). One place to start in identifying priorities is to ask the people. For governments and civil- society activists, country-level data on popular priorities (publicly available for analysis at www.afrobarometer.org/online-data-analysis) can help guide agenda-setting and investment decisions to address the most important sustainable development challenges. In its sixth round of surveys (2014/2015), Afrobarometer asked citizens in 36 countries, who together represent more than three-fourths of the continent’s population, what they consider the most important problems that their governments should address and what their priorities are for investing their country’s resources. -
The Eu and Public Opinions: a Love-Hate Relationship?
THE EU AND PUBLIC OPINIONS: A LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP? Salvatore Signorelli Foreword by Julian Priestley NOVEMBER 2012 STUDIES & REPORTS 93 The EU and public opinions: A love-hate relationship? TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 INTRODUCTION 9 1. European public opinion analysis instruments 12 1.1. The origins of the Eurobarometer: a brief overview 12 1.2. Deciphering European public opinion: quantitative polls 19 1.2.1. Standard EBS: regular public opinion monitoring 20 1.2.2. Special EB: in-depth thematic surveys 26 1.2.3. EB Flash: rapid thematic surveys 29 1.2.4. Sociological criticism of quantitative opinion polls 31 1.3. Qualitative Studies: analysis of reactions, feelings and motivations 33 1.4. Deliberative Polling® 37 1.5. National polls of the 27 Member States 43 2. The work of public opinion analysis within the institutions 44 2.1. The change in political context and in objectives for the EU: the rise of public opinion 44 The EU and public opinions: A love-hate relationship? 2.2. The European Commission: “driving force” of public opinion analysis in the EU 47 2.2.1. A role of interface in drafting Eurobarometer surveys 50 2.2.2. The “national” level of public opinion analysis at the Commission 52 2.3. The work of public opinion analysis at the European Parliament 54 2.3.1. An information tool 56 2.3.2. The “national” level of public opinion analysis at the European Parliament 57 2.4. The role of the other institutions 58 2.4.1. European Council 58 2.4.2. -
Summary of Results Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in the Gambia, 2018 Compiled By: Centre for Policy, Research and Strategic Studi
Summary of Results Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in the Gambia, 2018 Compiled by: Centre for Policy, Research and Strategic Studies (CEPRASS) Afrobarometer Round 7 Summary of Results for the Gambia, 2018 Afrobarometer is a pan-African, non-partisan research network that conducts public attitude surveys on democracy, governance, economic conditions, and related issues in countries across Africa. Six rounds of surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2015, and Round 7 surveys were carried out in 2016-2018. Afrobarometer conducts face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent’s choice with nationally representative samples of 1,200 or 2,400 respondents. Afrobarometer is produced collaboratively by social scientists from across Africa. Coordination is provided by the Center for Democratic Development (CDD) in Ghana, the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) in South Africa, the Institute for Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) in Benin. Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Cape Town (UCT) provide technical support to the network. The Afrobarometer National Partner in the Gambia, the Center for Policy, Research and Strategic Studies, interviewed a nationally representative, random, stratified probability sample of 1,200 adult Gambians from 23 July-12 August 2018. A sample of this size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level. The Ghana Center for Democratic Development provided technical backstopping for the survey. Technical details of the survey, including descriptions of stratification and household selection, translation languages, and related information, can be found in the survey Technical Information Form that follows. -
Trust in Public Institutions: Trends and Implications for Economic Security
POLICY BRIEF NO108 Trust in public institutions: Trends and implications for economic security WHY SHOULD WE CARE ABOUT TRUST? Trust is integral to the functioning of any society. Trust in each Summary other, in our public institutions and in our leaders are all essential The legitimacy of public institutions is crucial for ingredients for social and economic progress, allowing people to building peaceful and inclusive societies. While levels of cooperate with and express solidarity for one another.1 It allows trust in institutions vary significantly across countries, public bodies to plan and execute policies and deliver services. Greater public trust has been found to improve compliance in regu- opinion surveys suggest that there has been a decline lations and tax collections, even respect for property rights.2 It also in trust in public institutions in recent decades. gives confidence to consumers and investors, crucial to creating Economic insecurity—which the COVID-19 crisis jobs and the functioning of economies more broadly. Success in threatens to exacerbate—and perceptions of poor or achieving each of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)— corrupt government performance undermine the social from eliminating poverty (SDG1), to combatting climate change contract and are closely linked to declines in institutional (SDG13), to building peaceful and inclusive societies (SDG16)— trust. Rebuilding public trust in the light of the current will depend on citizens’ and businesses’ trust in public institutions crisis demands services that work for everyone and and in each other. jobs that provide income security, as well as more Governments have also drawn on public trust to effectively address every stage of the COVID-19 pandemic response—from inclusive institutions. -
South Africans Increasingly Dissatisfied with Their Elected Leaders' Performance
Dispatch No. 65 | 24 November 2015 South Africans increasingly dissatisfied with their elected leaders’ performance Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 65 | Rorisang Lekalake Summary 2015 has been a tumultuous year for South Africa’s democracy. A number of key government officials have been embroiled in corruption scandals, most notably the alleged mismanagement of state funds in the construction of President Jacob Zuma’s private residence in Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal. An investigation led by the Public Protector found that state funds were employed for non-security installations and determined that the president should repay “a reasonable percentage” of these costs (Public Protector of South Africa, 2014). While civic groups called for greater government accountability, opposition demands for President Zuma to account to the National Assembly and reimburse the state led to numerous clashes, and parliamentary security had to be called during last February’s State of the Nation address. While the corruption scandal awaits resolution in the courts – and the headlines – student protests have succeeded in forcing the government, already plagued by mediocre news on the economic and unemployment fronts, to accept a freeze on higher education tuition for 2016. Data from the 2015 Afrobarometer survey suggest that elected leaders may not escape unscathed by the year’s events. Public approval of the performance of the president, members of Parliament (MPs), and local government councillors has declined. The president’s approval rating is at its lowest level since 2000, well below the regional average for presidents. Unsurprisingly, public approval is generally higher in rural areas and among black South Africans, the ANC’s traditional electorate.