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Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713454295 Numerical response of predatory ladybirds (Coccinellidae) to aphid outbreaks and their diversity in major rice ecosystems of Cameroon N. Woin a; C. Volkmar b; T. Ghogomu c a Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Cameroon b Institut für Pflanzenzüchtung und Pflanzenschutz, Saale, Germany c Department of Plant Protection, University of Dschang, Cameroon

Online Publication Date: 01 June 2006 To cite this Article: Woin, N., Volkmar, C. and Ghogomu, T. (2006) 'Numerical response of predatory ladybirds (Coccinellidae) to aphid outbreaks and their diversity in major rice ecosystems of Cameroon', Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 39:3, 189 - 196 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/03235400400027366 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400400027366

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The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. © Taylor and Francis 2007 Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 iraLoe(kb-et amno17)adNgra(knoou18)aecommon. are 1980) (Akinlosotu Nigeria reported and in been 1978) 30% Raymundo has 1961), & severe species, species (Akibo-Betts (Tanaka agro-ecosystems, another Leone this Japan African by Sierra West Cameroon, in crop In 50% rice North 1984). on as In (Nonveiller attacks high plant 1995). as rice al. damaging yield et particularly in (Ferreira reduction America cause Latin may and rice on rice major in Cameroon diversity of their ecosystems and outbreaks (Coccinellidae) aphid ladybirds to predatory of response Numerical 196 – 189 39(3): Protection 2006; Plant June and Phytopathology of Archives SN02-48pitIS 4720 online E-mail: 1477-2906 Cameroon. print/ISSN Garoua, 415 0323-5408 Box ISSN PO Development, for Research Agricultural of [email protected] Institute Woin, N. Correspondence: aphid particular the and climates, areas limited warmer in the to species Throughout seems few crops, 1983). cultivation a grain Rice al. from several rufiabdominalis vectors. et except including virus aphids (Yano crops, as from seasons world’s sometime little the damage, suffered of economic have many severe of cause pests and serious include Aphids Introduction Keywords: that showed Cameroon North in fields rice upland on conducted rufiabdominalis study Field Abstract 2004) June 29 (Received 1 WOIN N. O:10.1080/03235400400027366 DOI: flnesht,Sae emn,and Germany, Saale, Pflanzenschutz, ntr fnmes h netgtosas eeldteocrec f1 pce fpredatory of species 13 of occurrence of high occurrence period growing the late revealed also Scymnus investigations by The numbers. dominated of coccinellids term with in compared crops rice on feeding yaiso h niiulseiswsdfeetacrigt rwn esn.Teaphid The seasons. growing to according different was species individual the of dynamics esn pce ihesadteSannidxsflcutdfo ert eri ieirgtdplots. irrigated rice in year to year from growing observed. fluctuated half second indexes was the Shannon coccinellids during the ladybirds and and and aphids richness aphids Species between of found season. development was the correlation positive between Significant synchronization seasons growing nttt fArclua eerhfrDvlpet Cameroon, Development, for Research Agricultural of Institute p.wr h otnmru uigterc al rwn esn hra uigtemd to mid- the during whereas season, growing early rice the during numerous most the were spp. 1 pis ocnlis ubrdnmc,seiscmoiin synchronization composition, species dynamics, number Coccinellids, Aphids, .VOLKMAR C. , Ssk)and (Sasaki) Ssk)i ena h otipratseiso cnmcitrs feeding interest economic of species important most the as seen is (Sasaki) ataai effusa Xanthadalia ytrnuasetariae Hysteroneura 2 .GHOGOMU T. & , hplspu maidis Rhopalosiphum Ó 3 eateto ln rtcin nvriyo shn,Cameroon Dschang, of University Protection, Plant of Department 06Tyo Francis & Taylor 2006 .rufiabdominalis R. ytrnuasetariae Hysteroneura ssp. Toa)aetems motn pi species aphid important most the are (Thomas) rufescens and Fth and (Fitch) 3 .efs rufescens effusa X. Mlat n the and (Mulsant) 2 ntttfu Institut Toa) ncutissc as such countries in (Thomas), ciahsminuta Schizaphis rPflanzenzu ¨r a eodd nboth In recorded. was Scymnus ctn und ¨chtung Rhopalosiphum vndrGoot) der (van Rhopalosiphum .setariae H. p.The spp. and Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 ons endniiso ayete e m per ladybeetles of densities mean counts, uku niiul,woeietfiaino iesot a ifiutb adlens hand by difficult was shoots rice was 0.5 on survey Each identification recorded. to used were whose also was aphids of Pooter individuals, all positions. (magnification six and in up randomly fields localized shoots suck leaves the 50 (stems, of in shoots batches on 300 surveyed investigated performed counts, the were of direct abundance panicles) From the weekly. and assess collected to were used were Samplings nets arthropods. with sweeping and counting Direct techniques in were Sampling Fields rice sorghum. year. Upland and a maize and farms. crop July) by adjacent rice – June dominated one ha of cereals generally 8 fortnight other is (2nd least There by stabilized December. at surrounded have to of rains November were set the from experiments when a harvested the rain-fed in where is embedded Cameroon fields always North The farms. were smallholders’ out on carried conducted were studies The fields Experimental hrceie yhg eprtrsfo ac oJn.Fo uet aur ti much is it 28 January – 26 to are June climate temperatures annual Sudano-Sahelian From mean a June. The by to nights. dominated the March during region from especially savannah temperatures cooler, a high in by located characterized is valley Benue The June. 2002, and study to January of 1999 between Sites From fields stage. rice grain the irrigated rice in to mature only season September to growing out initiation of late carried to panicle week were mid- the third rice samplings covers the the to and corresponds from 2) which conducted period (Season a were November, of observations week 1996, second and 1995 former. In the of outbreaks the methods to and ladybeetle latter Material and the aphid of of response composition in numerical species conducted the the therefore assess as were to well trials 1997 aphids as – Field on 1995 populations out crops. from carried valley rice been Benue on have the dwelling investigations specific-predators no their 1995), Ajayi and & (Ekukole Wetzel Cameroon & North on Woin 1990; occasionally al. but et predatory, (Booth mites, are importance plant their economic larvae major and and and of 1998). insects, thus adults agents are scale they ladybirds mealybugs, bio-control insects, most other aphids, potential Because on existing 1994). generally the Parada feeding & of (Weber assessment stability the requires ecosystems 190 eietfidb adln nterc hoswr ukdu ypoe o ae examination. later for pooter by up sucked were shoots rice the on lens hand by identified be 5)fo a oOtbraddosbtenJnayadArlatog tmysilbe still may it although April and ( January wind between ‘Harmatan’ drops the – and (78 by high October affected very ( to strongly generally rainfall remains May humidity total from relative yearly The 95%) season. The the October. over to distribution irregular April from lasts season ubr fccield eeetmtdfo onso l eeomna tgson stages developmental all of counts from estimated were coccinellids of Numbers lhuhsm nomto saalbeo rdtr n aaiod ftecto pi in aphid cotton the of parasitoids and predators on available is information some Although rice in pest every for control biological of effectiveness the of aspects basic major the of One 6 . lt.Teewr 5posi 95–19 n 0posi 97 ae nthese on Based 1997. in plots 20 and 1996 – 1995 in plots 15 were There plots. m 0.5 .Wi tal. et Woin N. 6 20). 2 5 eeasse.Ccield htcudntdirectly not could that Coccinellids assessed. were 5m/s). 5 00m)i fetdb its by affected is mm) 1000 8 .Terainy The C. Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 al ) dlsof Adults I). Table aegoigsao.Weestepa faudne(6m (86 abundance of peak the Whereas season. growing late c.Weesi 95ad19 h pi ouain a oiae ytespecies of a the individuals and begun by first observations The dominated as June. shoots was late 1201/100 in already populations was reached field aphid was the peak the in population 1996 Its (1997). and setariae H. 1995 rufiabdominalis, R. in the 1996, Whereas In 1a). 1c). Figure (see respectively setariae start H. shoots, the 1364/100 with of and up 1260 catch abundance to of continuously peaks declined with then September. October and late October in of importance: week level first of the in order shoots in years, study all minuta Schizaphis in occurred rufiabdominalis species aphid Four aphids of abundance and composition Species were coccinellids then and Results microscope, aphids simple computing binocular of numbers. before prey (x) stereoscopic dynamics their log and to a number aphidophagous transformed between were under The regression data linear then net sorted alcohol. Sweep were presented. and They 70% graphically counted. refrigerator of to and nymphs a fourth-instar distinguished transferred the were in and ladybeetles in apterae including stored adult am coccinellids alatae, species 10 June. adult of aphid and the after each diversity January laboratory, up between the the swept In nets sweep separately. assess were with Arthropods to weekly conducted net. Experiments were sweep fields conditions. paddy nylon consisted m irrigated weather sweep cm) 100 The first 30 and to period. m the (diameter survey 15 in according the at nets circular over each) sweep sweeps weekly a doubled using performed 25 of assessed were (with edges was sweeps the shoot three from of rice set transects the A of 2). (Season part years upper two the at dwelling larvae) h omnt fldbrscnitdo 3species: 13 signifera of (Adalia) consisted Lioadalia ladybirds of community The coccinellids of 1e). abundance Figure and (see composition period Species experimental the over low was activity its and mid-June ek ntescn bnac oiincm the came position abundance second the In week. niiiul eems bnatdrn esn1(97,floe by followed (1997), 1 Season during abundant most were individiduals cmu senegalensis Scymnus Mader), (Fabricius), (Olivier), uigtescn 0dyo coe,i h olwn eradi h aemnh the month, same the m in (104 and activity year maximum following its the at was in species October, this of of 10-day population second the during n19,tepplto of population the 1995, In collected were counting visual during pooters by and nets sweep by sampled Insects (including ladybirds aphids, of abundance relative the counting, direct the to addition In n19 96(esn2), (Season 1996 – 1995 In cmu Plu)acutiumerosus (Pullus) Scymnus hioee vicina Cheilomenes a o omnutltepro idet aetidwe fOtbr(e Figure (see October of week third late to middle period the until common not was cmu levaillanti Scymnus (Sasaki), .rufiabdominalis R. vndrGo)wihaeae 31 30 , n ,% respectively. 0,3%, and 3,6 23,0; 73,1; averaged which Goot) der (van .efs rufescens effusa X. Mader, ytrnuasetariae Hysteroneura .setariae H. epneo ayid oahd nrc csseso Cameroon of ecosystems rice in aphids to ladybirds of Response (Reiche), ataai effusa Xanthadalia .rufiabdominalis R. (Mulsant), .efs rufescens effusa X. a h otaudn pce uigteerygoigseason growing early the during species abundant most the was Mulsant, ekda 6410sot nmdOtbr whereas mid-October, in shoots 3644/100 at peaked a oeaeyaudn ttebgnigadi late in and beginning the at abundant moderately was eetems bevdi h ed uigtemd to mid- the during fields the in observed most the were hioee lunata Cheilomenes Fu Scymnus sh(98 s.n.], [sp. (1998) rsch ¨ cmu pallidulus Scymnus (Thomas), a h otaudn hl the while abundant most the was nrae ail,rahn eko 4743/100 of peak a reaching rapidly, increased ssp. p near sp. Scymnus rufescens iaai Aai)intermedia (Adalia) Lioadalia .rufiabdominalis R. hplspu maidis Rhopalosiphum (Fabricius), declaratus p.idvdaswt maximum a with individuals spp. 7 (Mulsant). 2 ntefis erwsobtained was year first the in ) cmu scapuliferus Scymnus 7 olso ( Wollaston 2 ttebgnigfourth beginning the at ) Mader, hioee sulphurea Cheilomenes Cheilomenes eercre in recorded were .rubiginosus S. = cmu floralis Scymnus Rhopalosiphum Scymnus Fth and (Fitch) Mulsant, p.(see spp. Crotch, spp. 191 Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 – setariae 192 iue1 ubrdnmc fmjrahdseis ( species: aphid major of dynamics Number 1. Figure  – , ubrdnmc fmjrldbr pce:( species: ladybird major of dynamics Number ) Cheilomenes .Wi tal. et Woin N. p. ( spp.) a ,( ), b :Ya 95 ( 1995. Year ): c ,( ), d :Ya 96 ( 1996. Year ): ,c e c, a, ,d f d, b, :–x–, .– D –, hplspu rufiabdominalis Rhopalosiphum e ,( ), ataai fuarufescens effusa Xanthadalia f :Ya 1997. Year ): ;- ;–+–, ^ -, Scymnus Hysteroneura spp.; Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 u-aiisSeis19 961997 1996 1995 Species Coccinellinae Sub-families Scymninae est f3 m 32 of density hwdta net iigi iefilsmyhv ls clgclrltosi ihthe with relationship ecological 1983). studies close may al. they a Earlier et or their (Yano environments have seasons. two and only may the way both between aphids fields one move move to may rice of insects in The according synchronization environment. living surrounding different and insects quite dynamics that showed were population predators seasonal stenophagous Also (Eastop in 2. seasons rice and Season on space 1994). feeding in Dale as vary 1978; known may Sethi are status & species pest Garg economic aphid 1961; their other although the regions, 1981), tropical al. et (Yasumatsu colonized from Apart coccinellids Discussion plotting When [ fields. 2a) (Figure the 1995 on was in [ ladybirds correlation 2b) variables significant (Figure two the positive the a of between sweeps, number number/100 found the aphids the against sweeps in in number/100 rise 1f) a marginally also Figure induced indexes Shannon (see the and plots II). number irrigated Table in (see lowest year fluctuated to year the from varied with individual appeared and season. peak aforementioned defined clearly n 1d). and niiul 3 m (34 individuals akda h otcmo mn h curdccield,floe by followed coccinellids, occurred the among common most the as ranked ifrne eefudi h bnac fahdseisocrigi esn1and 1 Season in occurring species aphid of abundance the in found were Differences population aphid in increase an that indicated nets with sweeping by the obtained of Results richness Species species. 13 totalized 2002) – (1999 years four over diversity Beetles n19 Sao ) ihadniyo 4 m 143 of density a with 1), (Season 1997 In al .Dmnn tutr % fCcieldei esn1(95 96 n esn2(1997). 2 Season and 1996) (1995, 1 Season in Coccinellidae of (%) structure Dominant I. Table .minuta S. r 0.727; = cmu senegalensis Scymnus scapuliferus Scymnus Fu acutiumerosus (Pullus) Scymnus ( pallidulus Scymnus levaillanti Scymnus floralis Scymnus Scymnus vicina Cheilomenes sulphurea Cheilomenes lunata Cheilomenes (Mulsant) effuse Xanthadalia signifera (Adalia) Lioadalia intermedia (Adalia) Lioadalia 7 .rubiginosus S. = sh19 [sp.n.] 1998 rsch ¨ 2 7 n 8m 48 and 2 .I otatt esn2 h coccinellid the 2, Season to contrast In ). hc a enrcre rmrc ed ihu vdneta iewas rice that evidence without fields rice from recorded been has which p near sp. p =0.01; epneo ayid oahd nrc csseso Cameroon of ecosystems rice in aphids to ladybirds of Response Fbiis . . 8.2 3.8 3.4 (Fabricius) Mader) 7 declaratus spp. Mlat 19.4 - - (Mulsant) Wollaston Fbiis . . 14.2 7.9 5.1 (Fabricius) usn . . 4.7 4.9 2.9 Mulsant 2 usn . . 12.6 2.4 2.2 Mulsant ae . . 4.9 2.2 1.9 Mader n nlt coe 95ad19,rsetvl seFgrs1b Figures (see respectively 1996, and 1995 October late in Oiir . . 6.8 1.1 2.3 (Olivier) 18]. = rufescens Rih)13100.1 1.0 1.3 (Reiche) ae . . 9.1 2.9 3.6 Mader rth0914- 1.4 0.9 Crotch 7 2 106. 6.3 66.1 71.0 . . - 0.4 0.6 . . 13.7 5.9 4.8 nerirJl,the July, earlier in r 0.564; = p .efs rufescens effusa X. Years 0.05; = Scymnus- n Cheilomenes 8 n 1996 and 18] = ru was group a no had spp. 193 Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 vnes()07 .907 0.88 9 2002 1714 0.75 13 2001 1427 0.69 10 2000 2327 0.79 2.01 1999 11 2444 (E) Evenness (H’) index Diversity density Population richness different. Species significantly not are letter same with marked Values Variable 2002. to 1999 from obtained data Ecological II: Table 194 .setariae H. esnco iial oNrhCmro)ntigsmls nbt er,1 pce of species 12 years, raining both of In (end October samples. being the netting abundant in most Cameroon) species the by North aphid found, India were numerous to central coccinellid most similarly in the fields crop was rice season study) of rice present fauna of species. the that aerial the colonization in showed from the by high submerged (1989) stages in high Wilson the grain are changes and remain milky-ripe explain Reynolds seasonal valley roots and could on watery Benue the this conducted the in during rains, Studies of fields panicles heavy portions particularly paddy of and in upper because shoots tables October the water to when that August especially Given 1961). and (Tanaka early high the very during level. becomes plants ground rice the on at level rufiabdominalis. conditions population the favourable of low by roots caused virtual the be Its below may are 1983). tables season, al. water growing et and free-draining (Yano are crop soils rice when The surface, agro- soil 1980). African the (Akinlosotu above West December in aphid until rains root crop May rice with of the numbers occurrence large on high in active relative appears remains species and this ecosystems that fact the fcto pi Dgie&Euoe19) while 1996), Ekukole & (Deguine aphid cotton of rsn nrc niomnso h tde iewudpoiemr sflifrainfran for information useful more species provide scheme. aphid would management meaningful site pest the studied insect on to the study integrated relation of detailed in environments further rice coccinellids the A in of with availability. present depends ecology prey plots individuals and of rice ladybeetle cycle quality of irrigated development and survival in the quantity the index diversity, that diversity the conclusion on low their probably to found led also which (2000) ecology al. same et Woin 2.40. below agriculture. e.g., rain-fed Mu areas is of cropping areas study isolated large of even by colonize site to surrounded the able fields in be paddy windborne inevitably rice the also almost be would of should aphids intensity weather that the group, and such Furthermore, migration and predator pest as 1987). aphid-specific between such (Wratten relationship this causes causal explored possible of a other of importance proof was numbers, relative not enemies species is the natural correlation coccinellid such on of of insight existence the that some is although populations as gain ladybird to well and aphid step as between a found aphid correlation of positive significant dominance not The observed. in was change 1997) The Ofuya synchronized. 1993; (Ekukole season. mentioned agro-ecosystems above African the West during in caught aphids of predator h ihaudneo h ut lmaphid plum rusty the of abundance high The ncnrs oSao ,teahdpplto nSao a oiae by dominated was 2 Season in population aphid the 1, Season to contrast In ssoni al I h iest nee r eaieylw hc niae codn to according indicated which low, relatively are indexes diversity the II, Table in shown As was ladybirds and aphids of coincidence the years, study all and seasons growing both In lneg(93 httepdyfilswr oeaeyppltdsneteH ausare values H’ the since populated moderately were fields paddy the that (1993) hlenberg ¨ .Wi tal. et Woin N. spe of prey as .rufiabdominalis R. hygnrlyfe ntese n efbsswe h pi population aphid the when bases leaf and stem the on feed generally They hioee lunata Cheilomenes Cheilomenes a ouain ogeaeo h pe at frc ot just roots rice of parts upper the on congregate populations Fbiis eotdb knoou(90.Terice The (1980). Akinlosotu by reported (Fabricius) p.i esn1mgtb ikdt h ttsof status the to linked be might 1 Season in spp. .rufiabdominalis R. 1.77 .setariae H. b .efs rufescens effusa X. hioee vicina Cheilomenes uigSao spoal u to due probably is 1 Season during ams / fahdpopulations aphid of 2/3 (almost 1.93 lokona predator a as known also b Mlat,a important an (Mulsant), 2.12 c R. Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 kb-et T amnoS.17.Ahd src et nSer en.ItRc e es ()1 16. – 3(6):15 Newsl Res Rice Int Leone. Sierra in pests rice as Aphids 1978. SA. Raymundo DT, Akibo-Betts References under (DAAD) Service out. Exchange carried Academic was study German the to auspices grateful whose especially are authors The Acknowledgement iue2 eainhpbtenahdadccieldppltos(95( (1995 populations coccinellid and aphid between Relationship 2. Figure epneo ayid oahd nrc csseso Cameroon of ecosystems rice in aphids to ladybirds of Response a ;19 ( 1996 ); b )). 195 Downloaded By: [NEICON Consortium] At: 10:24 11 September 2007 agA,StiG.17.Booyadsaoa niec of incidence seasonal and Biology 1978. GR. Sethi AK, Garg Fu auas ,Wnsr ,TrwtC ogiiN evnc .18.Cnrbto otedvlpetof development the to Contribution 1981. A. Lewvanich N, Wongsiri editors. C, PC, Tirawat Aphididae): Jepson (Hemiptera: T, aphids TH, rice Wongsiri of Coaker importance K, economic AJ, Yasumatsu and Burn biology The In: 1983. VF. enemies. Eastop (Coleoptera: T, natural ladybirds Miyake native K, some Yano of of effectiveness density The population 1987: the SD. on Wratten as tau-Fluvalinate Coccinellidae) of (Coleoptera: Effects ladybirds of 1998. diversity T. In: and America. Wetzel activity Latin N, Seasonal in Woin 2000. rice T. for Wetzel system 10:83. management C, Utdinomiya Agric pest Volkmar Coll integrated N, Bull an Woin Spec of Plant control. Development J and 1994. India. ecology O. central their Parada the aphids, root over G, rice night Weber The at 1961. migrating T. micro-insects Tanaka of samples Aerial 1989. MR. Wilson DR, Reynolds fy I 97 feto oepatetat ntoccieldpeaoso h opaaphid, cowpea the of predators coccinellid two on extracts plant some of d’intere Effect Cameroun 1997. du insectes TI. des Ofuya Catalogue 1984. G. Nonveiller Mu on rice upland of mechanization of Influence 1995. D. Silva E Rezio on FJP, Zimmermann observations JG, Cotton Da Some Predators. Silva E, and 1995. Ferreira Parasitoids O. II. Cameroon Ajayi North in G, entomofauna Ekukole cotton of check-list History). (Natural A Museum British 1993. London: G. Africa. West Ekukole of (Homoptera) and aphididae Biology the of editor. study A EA, Fovet-Rabot 1961. JF, Heinrichs VF. Poulain Eastop In: L, Boukar ecology. Seiny and In: cotonnier. biology du their phytosanitaire Protection – 1996. to plant G. importance Ekukole rice of JP, the Deguine insects of to pests Guides Insect Entomology of 1994. Institute D. International Dale 1990. RB. Madge ML, Cox RG, Booth knoouT.18.Otra ftersypu aphid, plum rusty the of Outbreak 1980. TA. Akinlosotu 196 shH 98 ienu cmu-r u odaeu Clotr,Ccielde.Mt Mu Mitt Coccinellidae). (Coleoptera, Nordkamerun aus Scymnus-Art neue Eine 1998. H. rsch ¨ lnegM 93 Freilando 1993: M. hlenberg ¨ 86 66. – 88:65 nertdrc etcnrli hiad oy:JC.24pp. 204 JICA. Tokyo: Thailand. in control pest rice integrated 566. – 73:539 Res Entomol Bull 112. review. – 89 A pp August Press. Academic 7 – DC: 2 Washington, London. management. Chemistry, Pest Pesticide Integrated of International 9th of 001:214. 206. – Proceedings – 8B 12:203 fields. 1998, Ent rice Angew 748. Allg – in 733 Ges Coccinellidae) pp Dtsch Sons. Mitt & Cameroon. Wiley of John paddy-fields York: in New bio-indicators pests. ecological rice of management and Biology editor. EA, Heinrichs 101. – 6:89 Tropics the in Prot 282. – 2):277 – 42(1 Entomophaga Aphididae). (Hom. ad nDli ninJEt4:2 223. – 40:221 Ent J Indian Delhi. in paddy 97. – 109(2):93 by Zool damage Afric J and Cameroon. infestation North in aphid cotton the of predators (Wiedemann), 224. – 48:221 Trop Fibres 93. p d’e 282. – 263 l’Atelier pp 485. de – CIRAD. 363 Actes pp editors. Sons. & C, Wiley John York: New insects. rice of 94. management – 82 pp Cambridge. Press, University Coleoptera. 3. man. Agropecuo ( rz sativa Oryza .Wi tal. et Woin N. raBaii 01)11 1215. – 30(10):1211 Brasilia ´ria . nIaa,Ngra hn gi c 019–150. – 10:149 Sci Agric J Ghana Nigeria. Ibadan, in L.) klge r d edleg ule&MyrVerlag. Meyer & Quelle Heidelberg: ed. 3rd ¨kologie. hplspu rufiabdominalis Rhopalosiphum cag u e giutrsdssvnsd odCmru,Montpellier: Nord-Cameroun, du savanes des agricultures les sur ´change cmu Syns floralis (Scymnus) Scymnus ytrnuasetariae Hysteroneura aoiaa(ytrnua setariae (Hysteroneura) Carolinaia Ssk,19)(ootr:Ahdde.Pesquisa Aphididae). (Homoptera: 1899) (Sasaki, tarcl.Bord 1 p. 210 Biograd. agricole. ˆt h Hmpea piia) nrice on Aphididae), (Homoptera, Th. F)and (F.) Toa)infesting (Thomas) shoo aegyptius Ischiodon pi craccivora Aphis c n Ges Ent nch ¨