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Food Plant Records of Aphidini (Aphidinae: Aphididae: Hemiptera

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Food Plant Records of Aphidini (Aphidinae: Aphididae: Hemiptera Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(2): 1280-1302 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(2): 1280-1302 Food plant records of Aphidini (Aphidinae: © 2017 JEZS Aphididae: Hemiptera) in India Received: 24-01-2017 Accepted: 25-02-2017 Garima Singh Garima Singh and Rajendra Singh Department of Zoology, Rajasthan Universityersity, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Abstract The Aphidini is one of the 2 tribes of the subfamily Aphidinae (Aphididae: Hemiptera) containing about Rajendra Singh 830 species/subspecies assigned to 33 genera. Out of these, only 9 genera and 70 species/subspecies were Department of Zoology, D.D.U. recorded from India infesting 940 plant species belonging to 138 families, out of which only 19 families Gorakhpur Universityersity, are monocot. Indian Aphidini are recorded mostly on the plant family Asteraceae (102 plant species), Gorakhpur, U.P, India followed by Fabaceae (96 plant species), Poaceae (92 plant species), Lamiaceae (46 plant species), Rosaceae (38 plant species), Solanaceae (34 plant species), Apocyanaceae (28 plant species), Rubiaceae (26 plant species), Malvaceae (25 plant species), Rutaceae (22 plant species), Cucurbitaceae (22 plant species), Polygonaceae (21 plant species), etc. Out of 70 described species of Aphidini from India, 14 species are monophagous; 40 species are oligophagous infesting 2 to 20 plant species; and 8 species are moderately polyphagous infesting 21 to 55 plant species while 8 species are highly polyphagous feeding on 55 upto 569 plant species. The present contribution provides updated checklist of Indian Aphidini with the valid scientific name of the aphids as well as their food plants. Keywords: Aphidinae, Aphidini, food plant, aphids, checklist Introduction Aphids (Insecta: Homoptera : Aphididae), popularly known as plant-lice or ant-cows are tiny plant sap sucking insects varying in size between 0.7 and 7.0 mm in length [1]. They form one of the major groups of phytophagous insects due to their polyphagism, polymorphism, parthenogenesis, viviparity, fast development, host alteration, transmission of plant viruses etc. In suitable conditions their power of multiplication is astronomical so that they rapidly attain pest status in agro ecosystem. They attack all parts of the plants including roots. Some of them directly damage the plants by sucking their nutrient which causes curling and twisting of tender shoots and general devitalisation of plants especially of agricultural as well as [1, 2] horticultural importance . In some cases, however, the very young seedling may succumb to the injury. Inflorescences may fail to open fully when the part of the plant is heavily infected. Sometime fruits fail to develop normally which may also show various malformations like twisting of pods, impaired developments of seeds etc. The subaerial infestations by aphids also cause yellowing of foliages and stunted general growth [3]. In gall- making aphids, making different types of leaf and stem galls causes injury and these galls subsequently serve as temporary abodes for these aphids. These symptoms are observed on perennial forest trees [4, 5]. In spite of aforesaid direct effects, aphids have also some indirect effects. Some species of aphids by their copious secretion of honeydew (excreted through anus) occlude the stomatal openings of the leaves and thus hamper their normal physiological processes like photosynthesis and respiration. Deposition of honeydew on leaf surface also allows the growth of black mould which in turn proves detrimental to the plant life. Out of 620 plant viruses known, about 200 are transmitted by the aphids [6]. The green peach aphid Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover alone transmits more than 80 different viruses to its polyphagous feeding habits [7]. In India, Raychaudhuri [8] for the first time catalogued the food-plants of Indian Aphididae, [9] later on, Chakrabarti and Sarkar added 284 additional records of Indian aphid-host association. Ghosh and Ghosh [10] added few more aphid-plant associations. Since then, there Correspondence are several reports that deal with the food plant records of the Indian aphids. Recently, Singh Rajendra Singh and Singh [3, 11-15] have initiated to compile the food plant records of the aphids in India and Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Universityersity, provided their biology, distribution, economic importance and taxonomy in brief. This series Gorakhpur, U.P, India of publication is a comprehensive, systematic, up-to-date checklist of the recorded aphid ~ 1280 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies species of India, their host plants and relevant literature up to countries, subfamily Aphidinae, Tribe Aphidini [10], 5 new 15 February, 2017. species have been added (Table 5) though their validity is The tribe Aphidini is one of the two tribes of the subfamily doubtful. Status of 6 species were corrected. Besides, 6 Aphidinae (Aphididae: Hemiptera) which is the largest species were recorded for the first time from India and 4 subfamily of the aphids being represented by 830 described species were placed with new combinations (Table 5). species assigned to 33 genera in the world [16]. A decade ago, This paper is the next one, in the series (after subfamilies Ghosh and Ghosh [10] presented a comprehensive account of Aiceoninae, Anoeciinae, Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae Indian Aphidini that includes taxonomic position, [3], Macrosiphini [11], Calaphidinae [12] and Eriosomatinae [19] synonymmy, keys, descriptions of all available morphs, host concerning the food plant catalogue of Indian Aphididae plant association, biology, taxonomic affinity with related based on the survey of literature. In this paper, the food plants species, economic importance including natural enemy of all 69 species of Indian Aphidini assigned under 9 genera complex, distribution etc. of 50 species belonging to 8 genera. and 2 subtribes are aphid-wise catalogued. Aphid species Additional 5 species were listed in aphid-host plant catalogue marked with § seems to be invalid while species and plant without their detailed description. Since then several new taxa species marked with * seems to be wrongly identified. were described, status of others were modified, and the publication of other nomenclatural decisions were made that Table 1: Distribution of host plant species of Aphidini in different were incorporated in the present contribution. At present, plant families. Indian Aphidini constitutes 70 described species under 9 Number of plant species Number of plant families genera. It is about 8.4% of the world Aphidini fauna. Among 1 57 them 20 species are endemic. 2 19 In the present compilation, attempts were made to provide 3 14 updated checklist of Indian Aphidini with the valid scientific 4 10 names of the aphids as well as plants. Two websites that deal 5 7 with the taxonomic information of the plants were scrutinized 6-10 16 [17, 18]. At several places, their synonymies were also 11-20 3 mentioned. 21-30 6 34 1 Host-plant relations of Aphidini 38 1 Table 1 shows that 940 plant species under 138 families are 46 1 associated with Aphidni in India, out of which only 19 92 1 96 1 families are monocot. Following plant families are most 102 1 suffered: Asteraceae (102 plant species), Fabaceae (96 plant Total: 940 Total: 138 species), Poaceae (92 plant species), Lamiaceae (46 plant species), Rosaceae (38 plant species), Solanaceae (34 plant Table 2: Monophagous species of Aphidini in India. species), Apocyanaceae (28 plant species), Rubiaceae (26 plant species), Malvaceae (25 plant species), Rutaceae (22 1. Aphis (Aphis) astragali Ossiannilsson, 1959 plant species), Cucurbitaceae (22 plant species), 2. Aphis (Aphis) eugeniae van der Goot, 1917] Polygonaceae (21 plant species), etc. 3. Aphis (Aphis) frangulae Kaltenbach, 1845 Out of 70 described species of Aphidini in India, 14 species 4. Aphis (Aphis) hederae Kaltenbach, 1843 are monophagous (Table 2) feeding on only one species of 5. Aphis (Aphis) rubifolii (Thomas, 1879) plants; 40 species are oligophagous (Table 3) infesting 2 to 20 6. Aphis (Aphis) spinulosa Das & Ghosh, 2003 plant species; and 8 species are moderately polyphagous 7. Aphis (Bursaphis) grossulariae Kaltenbach, 1843 infesting 21 to 55 plant species while 8 species are highly 8. Brachyunguis (Brachyunguis) harmalae Das, 1918 polyphagous feeding on 55 upto 569 plant species (Table 4). 9. Brachyunguis (Brachyunguis) ?letsoniae Das, 1918 However, most of these records need a more closer and detail 10. Hyalopterus? amygdali (Blanchard, 1840) study as some plant species recorded as host for certain aphid 11. Melanaphis strobilanthi Medda & Chakrabarti, 1992 species may be vagrant [9]. The trend of host plant association, 12. Rhopalosiphum cashivi Sathe & Jadhav, 2008 biology, taxonomy, distribution etc. of Indian Aphidini are 13. Rhopalosiphum kolhapurensis Sathe & Jadhav, 2008 discussed earlier [10]. 14. Schizaphis (Schizaphis) minuta (van der Goot, 1917) Since the publication of Fauna of India and adjacent Table 3: Oligophagous species of Aphidini in India. Name of the aphid species No. of food plants 1. Aphis (Aphis) euphorbiae Kaltenbach, 1843 2 2. Aphis (Aphis) fabae evonymi Fabricius, 1775 11 3. Aphis (Aphis) paraverbasci Chakrabarti, 1976 (1977) 2 4. Aphis (Aphis) pollinosa Walker, 1849 2 5. Aphis (Aphis) polygonacea Matsumura, 1 [185] 2 6. Aphis (Aphis) rhoicola Hille Ris Lambers, 1954 2 7. Ephedraphis ephedrae (Nevsky, 1929) 2 8. Protaphis carthami (Das, 1918) 2 9. Melanaphis meghalayensis bengalensis
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