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Distribution Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) Associated with Main Forest-Forming Trees in Northern Europe

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Distribution Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) Associated with Main Forest-Forming Trees in Northern Europe © Entomologica Fennica. 5 December 2012 Distribution records of aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe Andrey V. Stekolshchikov & Mikhail V. Kozlov Stekolshchikov, A. V.& Kozlov, M. V.2012: Distribution records of aphids (He- miptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe. — Entomol. Fennica 23: 206–214. We report records of 25 species of aphids collected from four species of woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pubescens and B. pendula)at50 study sites in Northern Europe, located from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E. Critical evaluation of earlier publications demonstrated that in spite of the obvi- ous limitations of our survey, the obtained information substantially contributed to the knowledge of the distribution of aphids in North European Russia, includ- ing Murmansk oblast (103 species recorded to date), Republic of Karelia (58 spe- cies), Arkhangelsk oblast (37 species), Vologda oblast (17 species) and Republic of Komi (29 species). We confirm the occurrence of Cinara nigritergi in South- ern Karelia; Pineus cembrae, Cinara pilosa and Monaphis antennata are for the first time recorded in Norway. A. V.Stekolshchikov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Univer- sitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] M. V. Kozlov, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Received 2 February 2012, accepted 5 April 2012 1. Introduction cades (e.g., Albrecht 2012), no comparable data (with rare exceptions) exist for the northern parts Species distributions and, consequently, spatial of the European Russia. This especially concerns representations of biodiversity can only be as- aphids, which are rarely sampled by non-special- sessed by analyzing the totality of species re- ists and identification of which requires highly cords. The georeferenced records (those that in- qualified taxonomic expertise. The only revision clude map coordinates or allow accurate estima- of aphids that covers North European Russia tion of coordinates on the basis of verbal informa- (Shaposhnikov 1967) is outdated and provides tion) are vital for identifying and explaining dis- distributional data with very low spatial resolu- tributional changes (Parmesan et al. 1999, Tho- tion. We are not aware of any published or web- mas 2005). based dot maps showing records of aphid species While entomologists in Finland and many in Russia. Even the distribution ranges of pest other North European countries have collected aphids (e.g., maps in Afonin et al. 2008) are to a and analyzed faunistic records of insects – often larger extent extrapolated rather than based on ac- at very fine scales, up to 10 × 10 km grid – for de- tual records. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 23 • Aphids on trees in Northern Europe 207 Fig. 1. Distribution of study sites in Northern Europe. In the course of an ecological project address- 2. Material and methods ing the levels of background herbivory on forest- forming woody plants, the team led by M. Kozlov Sampling was conducted along five latitudinal in 2008–2011 collected herbivorous insects from gradients (Fig. 1: N, in Norway; F, mostly within four tree species (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; Finland; R, between St. Petersburg and Mur- Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst.; downy mansk; A, between Vologda and Arkhangelsk; K, birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh.; white birch, B. between Vologda and Inta). The sampling sites pendula Roth.) at 50 sites in Northern Europe, lo- were located in forests typical for each geograph- cated from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E ical region. Care was taken to select representa- (Fig. 1). All aphids found in these samples were tive sites where all four species of forest-forming identified by A. Stekolshchikov. trees (mentioned above) grow naturally. In some Although this sampling scheme, which in- situations this was impossible, and therefore in 13 cludes only few species of host plants, poorly of 50 sampling sites we collected samples from suits the goals of a faunistic inventory, the scar- three species and in two localities from only two city of data on the diversity of aphids in the north- species of trees (Table 1). In most study sites the ern parts of the European Russia justifies publica- sampled area did not exceed 2,000 m2. Samples tion of the obtained records. from each site were collected twice per year (N In addition, we briefly review publications by gradient: 29.VI.–2.VII and 27.–30.VIII.2011; F the Russian scientists (which are hard to access gradient: 25.–26.VI and 2.–4.IX.2008; R gradi- for researchers outside Russia) that contain ent: 23.–29.VII and 21.–25.VIII.2008, 24.–29.VI faunistic information on aphids of Murmansk and 24.–28.VIII.2009, 22.–27.VI and 29.VII.– oblast, Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk oblast, 2.VIII.2010, 12.–16.VI and 10.–14.VIII.2011; A Vologda oblast and Republic of Komi, and dis- gradient: 16.–18.VI and 7.–9.VIII.2010; K gradi- cuss the completeness of the faunistic informa- ent: 18.–20.VI and 1.–3.IX.2009). tion obtained in the course of our surveys. Data Mature trees (generally aged 20 or more on aphid abundance will be published elsewhere. years) with lower branches that can be reached from the ground (i.e., within 2 m height) were se- lected on a “first found, first sampled” basis. At each site samples were collected from five trees 208 Stekolshchikov & Kozlov • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 23 Table 1. Geographical coordinates of sampling sites and numbers of aphid species collected from each host plant species at each site. Study Country1 Region or Coordinates Numbers of aphid species3 site provenance2 Latitude, N Longitude, E sp pi db wb N60NORAK59°47’34”10°45’35”1220 N61NORHE61°04’40”11°20’46”0042 N62NORHE62°04’19”10°42’40”112– N63NORST62°59’28”10°15’50”0223 N64NORNT63°54’15”11°26’25”122– N65NORNT65°04’19”13°18’15”111– N66NORNs66°02’56”13°36’32”031– N67NORNs66°59’44”15°20’22”202– N68NORNn68°02’26”15°58’32”020– N69NORTR68°59’30”18°30’51”000– F61FINTa61°00’27”23°30’42”3343 F62FINTa62°00’06”25°31’30”1256 F63FINTb63°03’14”25°49’33”1155 F64FINOm63°53’48”25°47’52”0224 F65FINOba64°45’47”25°34’09”124– F66FINObb65°58’32”24°39’49”2123 F67FINObb66°58’49”26°19’32”0021 F68 FIN Lkor 67° 58’ 35” 26° 50’ 53” 1111 F69FINLi69°00’41”27°00’39”–012 F70NORF 70°04’41”27°59’22”00–– R60RUSLe59°58’26”32°11’46”4346 R61RUSKa61°00’03”33°03’41”3546 R62RUSKa61°58’51”34°14’27”2375 R63RUSKa63°00’07”34°22’55”0463 R64RUSKa64°01’44”34°04’11”1123 R65RUSKa65°01’25”34°00’40”2243 R66RUSKa66°01’57”32°59’13”1442 R67RUSMu66°56’04”32°12’24”1224 R68RUSMu68°01’05”32°57’07”5343 R69RUSMu68°52’34”33°07’42”232– A58.7 RUS Vo 58° 40’ 55” 40° 18’ 35” 0–11 A59.5 RUS Vo 59° 32’ 17” 40° 25’ 20” 0111 A60.3 RUS Vo 60° 29’ 04” 41° 48’ 50” 1233 A61.1 RUS Ar 61° 08’ 22” 42° 11’ 40” 0241 A61.9 RUS Ar 61° 51’ 49” 42° 38’ 01” 1014 A62.7 RUS Ar 62° 41’ 52” 42° 53’ 35” 1232 A63.5 RUS Ar 63° 30’ 59” 41° 42’ 55” 0234 A64.3 RUS Ar 64° 13’ 25” 42° 37’ 44” 0211 A65.1 RUS Ar 64° 54’ 21” 43° 31’ 03” 1212 A65.9 RUS Ar 65° 34’ 27” 44° 37’ 35” 012– K59.1 RUS Vo 59° 07’ 31” 39° 11’ 26” 0302 K60RUSVo59°57’11”42°37’07”1033 K60.7 RUS Vo 60° 43’ 13” 46° 14’ 51” 2211 K61.3 RUS Ar 61° 16’ 35” 47° 04’ 04” 0123 K62RUSKm61°55’37”50°40’47”1233 K62.7 RUS Km 62° 38’ 42” 51° 03’ 52” 2254 K63.2 RUS Km 63° 11’ 32” 52° 38’ 30” 0222 K63.7 RUS Km 63° 44’ 14” 54° 12’ 43” 1402 K65.1 RUS Km 65° 08’ 33” 57° 16’ 22” 122– K66RUSKm66°00’16”60°20’14”0–6– 1 FIN, Finland; NOR, Norway; RUS, Russia. 2 Regions of Russia: Ar, Arkhangelsk oblast; Ka, Republic of Kareila; Km, Republic of Komi; Le, Leningrad oblast; Mu, Mur- mansk oblast; Vo, Vologda oblast. Abbreviations of provenances of Finland and Norway after Heie (1995). 3 Host plants: sp, Picea abies; pi, Pinus sylvestris; db, Betula pubescens; wb, B. pendula. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 23 • Aphids on trees in Northern Europe 209 of each species at each sampling date. The samp- Norway; RUS, Russia; Vo, Vologda oblast); an led trees were not tagged, and therefore early and asterisk (*) denotes that the species had not been late summer samples were generally collected recorded from this region earlier. Adash indicates from different trees. One branch (that can be ac- that the species was also found in all sites located cessed without disturbing the insects feeding on between those connected by a dash. Information it) of about 50 cm in length (with approximately on host plant(s) is shown in parentheses: pi, Pinus 80 leaves in birches, or 500 needle pairs in Scots sylvestris;sp,Picea abies; db, Betula pubescens; pine, or 4,000 needles in spruce) was selected on wb, B. pendula. Information placed at the end of a tree. One of two collectors placed a mesh bag at- the line refers to all records, otherwise host plants tached to a ring (60 cm diameter) under the se- are indicated for each individual record.
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