Insecta Mundi 0662: 1–12 Zoobank Registered: Urn:Lsid:Zoobank.Org:Pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C46B2ECF3
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September 28 2018 INSECTA 0662 1–12 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C- A Journal of World Insect Systematics 46B2ECF3 MUNDI 0662 Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp Whitney S. Cranshaw Colorado State University C201 Plant Sciences 1177 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 Susan E. Halbert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA Colin Favret University of Montreal, Biodiversity Centre 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal QC, H1X 2B2, Canada Kadie E. Britt Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech 170 Drillfield Drive, 220 Price Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Gary L. Miller USDA, ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Resource Center Systematic Entomology Laboratory Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA Date of issue: September 28, 2018 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Whitney S. Cranshaw, Susan E. Halbert, Colin Favret, Kadie E. Britt and Gary L. Miller Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp Insecta Mundi 0662: 1–12 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C46B2ECF3 Published in 2018 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. 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Halbert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA [email protected] Colin Favret University of Montreal, Biodiversity Centre 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal QC, H1X 2B2, Canada [email protected] Kadie E. Britt Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech 170 Drillfield Drive, 220 Price Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA [email protected] Gary L. Miller USDA, ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Resource Center Systematic Entomology Laboratory Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA [email protected] Abstract. Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) is reported for the first time as a pest of Cannabis L. crops in North America. The insect has been confirmed from fields of industrial hemp in Colorado and Virginia and has been found present within greenhouses in at least several American states and one Canadian province. The generic position of the aphid species is discussed and other known members of the genus are ruled out. Phorodon cannabis is placed in genus Phorodon Passerini and subgenus (Diphorodon Börner). Pho- rodon persifoliae Shinji is transferred to Hyalopterus Koch as a nomen dubium. Key words. Cannabis, Sternorrhyncha. Introduction North American cultivation of industrial hemp for ship rigging and other cordage dates to the Colonial period (Purvis 1999). However, interest and production of various species of Cannabis L. (Cannabaceae) (hemp, marijuana) crops in the United States has increased greatly in recent years, stimulated in large part by language in the 2014 Farm Bill that provided a means for legal production of industrial hemp and has been adopted in various forms by a majority of states. As production has increased and regulation changed, there are opportunities to better document the insects that are associated with these crops. In Colorado, a state that has had extensive outdoor production of hemp since 2015, a widespread and potentially damaging species is Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), variously 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0662, September 2018 CRANSHAW ET AL. known as the “cannabis aphid”, “hemp aphid”, or “bhang aphid” (McPartland et al. 2000; Anonymous 2017). Long known from central and southwest Asia, central and southern Europe, and North Africa (Blackman and Eastop 2006, 2018), where the host plants are native or have had long history of culture, P. cannabis only recently has been confirmed from North America (Halbert 2016). This paper reports the aphid species as new to North America, rules out other species in the genus, discusses the generic placement, provides identification information, and reports the known distribu- tion of the species in outdoor situations in Colorado and elsewhere in North America in greenhouses. Materials and Methods After the initial discovery of P. cannabis, field visits were expanded in 2017 to include an expanded survey of commercial hemp fields in eastern Colorado conducted in 2016–2017 by the first author. Specimens were preserved in ethanol and sent to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) (S. E. Halbert) for identification. Voucher specimens from this field survey are deposited at the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) and at the National Aphidomorpha Collection, United States National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). A separate field collection of P. cannabis made on September 27, 2017 (K. E. Britt) from a hemp field in Blacksburg, Virginia was subsequently confirmed (G. L. Miller), and voucher specimens are deposited at NMNH. Additional specimens of greenhouse-collected material are deposited at the NMNH (confirmed by G. L. Miller) and the Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection at the University of Montreal (QMOR). The cannabis aphid also has been observed on several occasions on indoor/greenhouse-grown Cannabis in Colorado, Oregon (Anonymous 2017), and Ontario, Canada (confirmed by C. Favret). Representative samples of natural enemies found associated with P cannabis in Colorado will be deposited in the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity at Colorado State University. Our taxonomic identifications are based on comparisons of North American specimens fromCannabis and Humulus L. (Cannabaceae) in association with original descriptions and other relevant literature for all species of Phorodon. Our goal is to rule out other described species and to document efforts lead- ing to our identification. Photographs of microscope slide-mounted specimens were taken using a Zeiss Axio Image.M1, line drawings were outlined using a camera lucida on a Nikon E600, and plates were constructed using GIMP 2.8.22. Results and Discussion Field observations. Phorodon cannabis has been observed in Colorado since