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HOMOPTERA : APHIDOIDEA Subfamily APHIDINAE Tribe Aphidini Part-7 (I) A.K.GHOSH L.K.GBOSH FAUNA OF INDIA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRIES Homoptera : Aphidoidea Part-7 (I) Subfamily Aphidinae Tribe Aphidini A. K. Ghosh L. K. Ghosh Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Ghosh, A.K. and Ghosh, L.K. 2006. The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries-Homoptera " Aphidoidea, Part-7(I) : 1-244 (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : July, 2006 ISBN 81-8171-111 .. 4 © Govt. of India, 2006 All RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other\Ytse without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE India Rs. 600.00 Foreign $ 35; £ 30 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJC Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, (13th Floor), Nizam Paiace, Kolkata-700 020 and printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, Kolkata-700 006. FOREWORD Aphids constitute the largest group of insect-vectors of plant viruses and have worldwide importance as the most important group of crop pests. The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries, in this group, forms about 16% of the world fauna. The "Fauna of India and the Adjacent countries" on Aphidoidea has been published in six parts (part I-Chaitophorinae, II-Lachninae, III-Pemphiginae, IV-Phloemyzinae, Anoeciinae and Hormaphidinae, V-Drepanosiptinae and VI-Greenideinae). This is the last part-7(1}-Tribe Aphidini of subfamily Aphidinae. In this part, a total of fiftyone species/subspecies in ten genera have been dealt. Besides taxonomic accounts of the species, information on host plant association, natural enemies of aphids, association with ants, distribution, biology / Lifecycle etc. are included in the present contribution. The work is expected to be of use to the aphidologists in the subcontinental region and also to the specialists engaged in studies of insect-plant co-evolution, phylogeny and distribution of phylophagous group of insects. J.R.B. Alfred Director AUTHORS'PREFACE The present volume forms the 7th part (1) (Aphidinae : Aphidini) of Aphidoidea. The Tribe Aphidini is one of the little known tribes of Aphidoidea, largely restricted to south and southeast Asia. In this volume a total of ten genera and fifty one species and subspecies have been dealt with from this region. Information on biology for many of the sf)ecies remains far from being complete and with a view to fill up this lacuna results of investigations from other regions have often been incorporated. The material for the present work \\tas obtained from several sources, both institutional and personal collections, besides from the collections of Zoological Survey of India. Our most sincere thanks are due to Dr. G. Remaudiere, Museum National D' Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Dr. R. L. Blackman, the Natural History Museum, London; Dr. V F. Eastop and the authorities of British Museum (National History), London; Dr. S. Chakrabarti, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India; Dr. D. Raychaudhuri, University of Calcutta, Kolkata; Dr. T. K. Singh, Manipur University, Manipur; Dr. A. N. Basu, I.A.R.I., New Delhi; Dr. Rajendra Singh, Gorakhpur University, D.P.; Dr. B. K Agarwal a, Tripura University, Tripura, India; Dr. (Mrs.) A. S. Tamrakar, Tribhuban University, Nepal; Dr. T. P. Rajendran ADG (PP), I.C.A.R., New Delhi for their kind material help and numerous courtesies. We wvuld like to put on records our appreciation to Dr. G. Remaudiere, Museum National 0' Histoire N aturelle, Paris for sending valuable literature and offering valuable suggestions. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. J.R.B. Alfred, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for the excellent working facilities and encouragement. Thanks are due to Dr. R. A. Khan, Add!. Director, Dr. A. K. Sanyal, Dr. T. K. Pal and Dr. A. Bal, Joint Director, Z.S.I. for helpful cooperation. Special word of thanks are due to Shri Rati Ram Verma, Publication Production Officer and his colleagues in the Publication Division for bringing out this volume in a desired manner. We also record our appreciation to Sri Nikhil Bhowmik, Artist, Z.S.I. for drawing some ~iagrams and to Smt. Shelley Acharya, Senior Research Fellow, Z.S'!. for her help in preparing the manuscript. * Centre for Environment and Development A. K. Ghosh* Kolkata-700 068 L. K. Ghosh** ** Zoological Survey of India Kolkata-700 053 ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations have been used in the text : A Anal vein in forewing ANC A.N. Chowdhury ApteraJe Apterous viviparous femalels AlataJe Alate viviparous femalels a.s. antennal segment b.d.III 'basal diameter of antennal segment III. ColI. Col1ector C.U. Calcutta University CU Cubitus vein. in forewing F.T.C. First tarsal chaetotaxy H.P. Himachal Pradesh h.t.2 2nd segment of hind tarsus K.D.V. K. D. Verma l.a.t lateral abdominal tubercle L.K.G. L.K. Ghosh M Medial vein of forewing mm. millimetre M.R.G. M.R. Ghosh OviparaJe Apterous oviparous femalels p.t. processus terminalis P.K.M. P.K. Mondal Sc Subcostal vein in forewing S.C. S. Chakrabarti S.P.M. S.P. Maity U.r.s. Ultimate rostral segment U.P. Uttar Pradesh Y.P.T. Yellow Pan Trap Z.S.1. Zoological Survey of India. X times as long as 1,2,3 .......... 8 abdominal segments 1,2,3 .......... 8 I, II, 111. ....... VI Antennal segments I, II, III, ............. VI CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 TRIBE APHIDINI .......................................................................................................... 2 SYSTEMATIC LIST ....................................................................................................... 6 Genus I Aphis Linnaeus ............................................................................................... 8 1. Aphis achyranthi Theobold .............................................................................. 15 2. A. affinis del Guercio........................................................................................ 17 3. A. clematidis simlaensis Kumar and Burkhardt ........................................... 19 4. A. craccivora Koch ............................................................................................ 22 5. A. eugeniae v.d. Goot ........................................................................................ 31 6. A. euphorbiae Kaltenbach ................................................................................ 32 7. A. {abe scopoli complex ..................................................................................... 33 8. A. {arinosa Gmelin ............................................................................................ 38 9. A. glycines Matsumura ..................................................................................... 40 10. A. gossypii Glover ............................................................................................. 42 11. A. kurosawai Takahashi ................................................................................... 51 12. A. longisetosa A. N. Basu ............................. '" ................................................. 53 13. A. nasturtii Kaltenbach .................................................................................... 56 14. A. nerii B.d.F..................................................................................................... 59 15. A. paraverbasci Chakrabarti ............................................................................ 62 16. A. pollinosa Walker .......................................................................................... 66 17. A. polygonacea Matsumura ............................... , .............................................. 68 18. A. pomi de Geer ...... ,......................................................................................... 69 19. A. punicae Passerini ......................................................................................... 71 20. A. rajii (Kumar E' Burkhardt) .................... '" .................................................. 73 21. A. rhamnifila David, Narayanan and Rajasingh ........................................... 75 22. A. rhoicola Hille Ris Lambers ......................................................................... 77 23. A. rubi{olii (Thomas) ...................................................................... , .................. 78 24. A. rumicis Linnaeus ................................................................................. , ........ 79 25. A. spiraecola Patch ........................................................................................... 82 26. A. verbasci Schrank .........................................................................................
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  • (Melanaphis Sacchari) on SORGHUM a Thesis by ERIN

    (Melanaphis Sacchari) on SORGHUM a Thesis by ERIN

    SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY OF THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF SUGARCANE APHID (Melanaphis sacchari) ON SORGHUM A Thesis by ERIN LYNETTE MAXSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, James B. Woolley Co-Chair of Committee, Michael Brewer Committee Member, William Rooney Head of Department, David Ragsdale December 2017 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2017 Erin Maxson ABSTRACT The sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) is an emergent sorghum pest in the southern United States. The objectives of this study were to identify the natural enemy species that are feeding on the aphid in grain sorghum in Texas, track seasonal changes in aphid and natural enemy populations across sorghum hybrids that have differing levels of susceptibility to the aphid, and measure aphid suppression by natural enemies of different size classes. Aphids and natural enemies were sampled on multiple sorghum hybrids at two field locations in south and central Texas over two years. Additionally, aphid suppression by natural enemies of two size classes was evaluated using exclusion cages. Aphids and natural enemies in both locations showed a trend of greater peak abundance on relatively more aphid-susceptible hybrids. At least 19 natural enemy species were present, consisting of parasitoids (Aphelinus sp. and Lysiphlebus testaceipes), lady beetles (Coccinellidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae), and minute pirate bugs (Anthocoridae). Aphelinus was heavily hyperparasitized by Syrphophagus aphidivorus. Aphelinus and Coccinellidae, the numerically dominant taxa, maintained high activity on resistant sorghum for a longer period than on susceptible sorghum.