NEUROPTERA of the AMAZON BASIN Part 8 Berothidae Norman D

NEUROPTERA OF THE AMAZON BASIN Part 8 Berothidae

Norman D. Penny *

Summary riod is seven days. There are three larval instars lasting 12, 3, and 21 days respec A new species of Berothidae is described tively (Taber & Tauber, 1968). First from the Rio Trombetas, Pará State. This and third instars are active predators of constitutes the first record for this family in Brazil and all of northern South America. termites, while the second instar is a nonfeeding stage, hanging immobile from the tip of the abdomen (Tauber & Tau INTRODUCTION ber, I. a). The cocoon is oval and trans parent, with adults emerging after 20 The family Berothidae is a small days (Tauber & Tauber, I.e.). Almost all one, with about 61 species described records of berothid biology pertain to worldwide, in 22 genera. As adults they North American species of Lomamyia. are generally of medium size, brown in color, with elongate, often falcate wings and a weak, fluttering flight. Other SYSTEM AT ICS morphological characteristics are large, hairy tubercles on the head; absence of Two classic papers, one by Tjeder ocelli; filiform antennae; subequal wings, (1959), and the other by MacLeod & often with abundant pilosity; and females Adams (1967) have greatly clarified the sometimes bearing wing scales. Trichosors phylogeny, morphology and higher classi are present along the wing margin. fication within this family. A series of Crossvein cu-a of hindwing is long and recent papers on the Asiatic and Euro oblique, giving the impression that Cu is pean fauna by Aspock &Asp6ck (1980, apically fused, leaving a closed basal cell. 1981a, 1981b) promises to give us more In the male genitalia the ninth tergite is knowledge of systematics and mor fused with the ectoproct (except in phology of the Old World species. Cyrenoberotha) and the mediuncus is MacLeod & Adams (1967) divided elongate and sometimes coiled. In more the Berothidae into four subfamilies: the specialized Berothinae, the female ninth Cyrenoberothinae confined to Chile, the gonocoxites bear elongate hypocaudae. Rhachiberothinae confined to southern Africa, the Nosybinae confined to sou thern and central Africa, and the Bero BIOLOGY thinae, which is almost cosmopolitan in tropical and- south temperate regions of Only very recently has the life cycle the world. Furthermore, MacLeod & Ada of Berothidae been elucidated. Eggs are ms (I.e.) selected 23 morphological cha placed oh the ends of long stalks, either racters which are variable within the separately (Spermophorella) or in clusters Berothidae, and considered of evolutiona of up to 12 (Lomamyia), often on tree ry importance, and demonstrated a phy- trunks (Tjeder, 1959). For Lomamyia logenetic index for eight genera, belon latipennis Carpenter, egg incubation pe ging to all four subfamilies.

* Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus.

ACTA AMAZÓNICA 13(3-4): 689-695. 1983 — 689 Within South America, known re at setal bases; numerous, long yellow and cords of berothids are very few: Luis E. fuscous setae. Antennae consisting of Pena collected 69 specimens of Cyrenobe- elongate, cylindrical, yellow scape with rotha penai in northern Chile between fuscous spot ventrally, quadrate yellow 18-27 October, 1957; a collection wi pedicel, and 94 yellow, moniliform fla- thout date or more specific locality was gellomeres, which are twice as wide as made of Naizema in "Patagonia"; A. C. long. Jensen-Haarup collected one male and Thorax: Pronotum longer than wi one female of Naizema at Santa Rosa de; mottled yellow and fuscous, being (37°S, 640W) in west-central Argentina darker along midline and setal bases; nu in 1905; and P. Jorgensen collected one merous long, erect, yellow and fuscous se male of Naizema on 29-XI1-1907 at Po- tae in female, abundant short yellow se trerillos (33°S, 69QW), Argentina. tae in male. Meso — and metanota and Thus, it was much to my delight pleural regions also mottled yellow and and surprise that on a recent collecting fuscous with long yellow and fuscous se trip to the Rio Trombetas, a northern tae. tributary of the Middle Amazon, I was Legs: All legs yellowish with nume able to collect one male and one female rous small fuscous spots; numerous long berothid that belonged to neither of the yellow and fuscous setae. Fuscous setae genera known from South America. The becoming pale apically. Forelegs not mo se are the first published records for this dified for grasping. Two tarsal claws and family for an extensive area from Hondu arolium present. ras to central Argentina, although there Wings: (Fig. 2) Forewing elongate; have been several recent collections of an infúscate, becoming darker at apex; api undescribed, unusual berothid from Costa cally falcate. Pterostigma reddish-brown. Rica and Venezuela (Oliver S. Flint, Jr., Costal area without recurrent humeral Phillip A. Adams, F. Fernandez—Yépez, crossvein. Most costal crossveins bran personal communications). ched. Radial sector seven-branched. Lon gitudinal veins alternating yellow and fus LOMAMYIA TROMBETENSIS Penny, cous in narrow bands. Four or five r—rs n. sp. - (Figs. 1-8) crossveins.. Outer gradate series of two or three crossveins below pterostigma, broa Original description based on 1 ma dly margined with fuscous. Inner gradate le, 1 female, pinned with genitalia in gly series of four crossveins, the first and last cerin. being broadly margined with fuscous. Head: Anterior tentorial pits promi First fork of CuA swollen at bifurcation. nent; labrum about twice as broad as Abundant setae along all veins. Distincti long. Face extending only slightly below ve dark pigment spot along crosseveins level of compound eyes. Frons yellow, below pterostigma. Hindwing elongate; with small fuscous spots at eye margin transparent, except infúscate below pte and anterior tentorial pits; scattered, rostigma, along inner gradate veins, and erect, dark setae. Maxillary and labial pal at wing apex; apically somewhat falcate. pi dark brown, with last segment tapering Pterostigma reddish brown. Costal area to elongate, acute tip. Compound eyes re very narrow; crossveins simple. Three r-rs latively small, not reaching posterior mar crossveins. Three inner gradate crossveins, gin of head. Vertex elevated medially, no outer gradate veins. Basal piece of MA yellow with mottled dark brown, espe vertical, straight. Cup not developed. Ab cially in two medial lines from between domen: Dark brown with numerous, long antennae to posterior margin of head and yellow and fuscous setae, with fuscous se- Neuroptera — 691 2

Fig. 2 Lomamyia trombetensis Penny, n. sp. right fore — and hindwings. tae apicaily pale. All sternites with trans Length of Body: male, 7 mm; fema verse suture on caudal third, giving the le, 7 mm. appearance of pseudo-segmentation. Male Length of Forewing: male, 11 mm; ninth tergite and ectoprocts fused (Fig.3). female, 12 mm. Callus cerci very weakly formed, with tri- Geographical Distribution: This spe chobothria very difficult to detect. Ninth cies has only been collected at BRAZIL: sternite a narrow band, tenth sternite ab Pará, Rio Trombetas, Mineração Rio Nor sent. Gonarcus desclerotized medially te, km 22, N.D. Penny, in the INPA Sys (Fig. 4). Mediuncus a short, central shaft, tematic Entomology Collection, holotype with long, simple terminal setae (Fig. 5). male on 26-XI-1982, and allotype fe Female seventh sternite weakly scleroti- male on 20-XI-1982. zed medially, except for small medial pro Phylogeny: This species is clearly tuberance, and two triangular lateral pla among the derived groups of Berothinae. tes (Fig. 7). Sclerite connecting seventh The falcate wings, fused ninth tergites and eighth sternites lacking. Eighth ster and ectoprocts, elongate hypocaudae of nite narrow, heavily sclerotized transverse the ninth gonocoxites and elongate, thin band, broader laterally. Eighth gonocoxi- spermathecal duct all indicate a close re te small, medial sclerotized band. Ninth lationship with Lomamyia. In fact, of the tergite and ectoproct fused (Fig. 6), ex 23 characters listed by MacLeod and Ada tending ventro-anteriorly as narrow band. ms (1967), all character states are identi Ninth gonocoxites with elongate, narrow cal with Lomamyia, except that squamae hypocaudae. Spermatheca caudally swol are not present on the wings, which is al len into sphere, with long, thin sperma- so the case for some Lomamyia species. thecal duct (Fig. 8). Thus, this species falls within the varia-

Figs. 6-8.. Lomamyia trombetensis Penny, n. sp. Female terminalia. 6) lateral view, 7) ventral view, 8) spermatheca, fert. c. = fertilization canal, hyc = hypocaudae, sp = spermatheca, sp. d. = spermatheca! duct, 7S • 7th sternite, 8S = •8th sternite, 8 gcx = 8th gonocoxlte, 9 gcx = 9th gonocoxite, 7T = 7th tergite, 8T = 8th tergite, 9T + ect. = fused 9th tergite and ectoproct.

bility of this genus. However, within this Acknowledgments: I wish to thank genus Lomamyia trombetensis appears to the personnel of ALCOA Minerapao S.A. hold a somewhat isolated position. No and Billiton Metáis, S.A. for their help other species has as many r—rs crossveins and courtesy during a recent visit to their (4 to 5), nor do I know of any species operations at Cruz Alta, especially to Al with the distinctly darkened subpterostig- bert Guirret for his personal supervision mal spot present in this species. Further and help during our stay. Financial help placement is made difficult by the lack of has also been given by CNPq's Trópico information about several of the North Úmido grant n° 3224, and Polo Noroeste American Lomamyia species. grant ntaxonomy and morphology of the Berothidae, with the description of References a new subfamily from Chile (Neuroptera). Psyche, Camb., 74: 237-265. Aspock, U & Aspock, H. - 1980. Das genus Tauber, C. A. & Tauber, M. J. - 1968. Loma Isoscelipteron Costa, 1863 (Neuropteroi- myia latipennis (Neuroptera: Berothidae) dea: Planipennia: Berothidae). Zeitschrift life history and larval descriptions. Can. der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterr. Entomolo Ent, 100:623-629. gen, 32(1/2): 65-74. Tjeder, Bo. — 1959. The lace'-wings of Sou 1981a. Das genus Podallea Navas, thern Africa. 2. Family Berothidae. In: 1936 (Neuropteroidea: Planipennia: Bero Hanstrom, B; Brinck, P.; Rudebeck, G. - thidae) Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft South African Animal Life, v.6. p.256 - Osterr. Entomologen, 32(3/4): 81-96. 314. 1981b. Weitere Untersuchungen an Berothiden: Berotha Walker, Isoscelipteron (Aceito para publicação em 20/6/83).

Neuroptera. — 695