On the New Fossil Genera and Species of Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of Northeast China *

mZ1;f1: m4M ~4&J?t~*1i Vol. 21. No.4 19961f,10fj ACTA ZOOTAXONOMICA SINICA Oct. , 1996

ON THE NEW FOSSIL GENERA AND SPECIES OF NEUROPTERA (INSECTA) FROM THE LATE JURASSIC OF NORTHEAST CHINA *

REN Dong GUO Zi-guang (Geological Museum 0/ China. Beijing 100034)

Abstract Five new genera and nine new species of the Upper Jurassic Neuroptera are de scribed and illustrated: Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov .• Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. , S. eucalla gen. et sp. nov. ,·S. plecophlebia gen. et sp. nov. Call belonging to the Kalligrammatidae); Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. COsmylidae); Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. (Berothidae); Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov., L. polyneura gen. et sp. nov. (both belonging to Chrysopidae); Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. (Myrmeleon tidae). All the specimens described here were collected from the Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, P. R. China. Key words Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae, Osmylidae, Berothidae, Chrysopidae, Myrmeleontidae, fossil, new genus, new species.

A large collection of well-preserved fossil insects has recently been recovered by the au thors from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation, located in Chaomidian Village, about 25km south-east of Beipiao City, in the west of Liaoning Province, China. Among which a large number of remains are assigned to the Neuroptera, being very common in the lacustrine sed iments of Yixian Formation from western Liaoning. This paper is to describe five new gen era and nine new species of fossil Neuroptera and to compare their characters. most of the wing venations, with homologous characters of extinct and extant groups. The insect-bear ing strata are of Late Jurassic age, their population and geographical distribution have been published (Ren, 1994a; Ren,1994b; Ren and Hong, 1994; Ren et at. , 1995). All the specimens described in this paper are deposited in the Geological Museum of China, Beijing. Family Kalligrammatidae Handlirsch, 1906 Genus Sophogramma gen. nov.

Type species: Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov.

* This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant No. 49302019). Accepted Oct. 2,1995. 461 462 21 !(i:

Diagnosis Forewing eye-spot absent. Humeral recurrent vein (Vr) present. All costal veinlets sinuate and forked. Rs with about 12-15 primary branches, many of them deeply

forked. MA with 5 parallel pectinate branches. A basal cell (be) present between MP1 and

MP2 at base of wing. MP with basal fork far proximal and with no additional forkings before vicinity of wing margin. CuA pectinately forked and terminated at hind margin of wing. CuP single, with a few branches near wing margin. lA running parallel to CuP for a long distance and with numerous branches. Species composition: three species. Discussion This new genus undoubtedly should be assigned to family Kalligram matidae (Carpenter, 1992; Martynova, 1947; Ponomarenko, 1984; Panfilov, 1968, 1980) according to the following characters: forewing with costal area of moderate width; vein Sc joining R near wing apex; MA extensively branched, sending several main branches anteri orly; crossveins numerous over entire wing. Up to now, 6 previously described extinct genera belong to this family as follows: Kalligramma Walther. 1904; Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919; Meioneurites Handlirsch, 1906 (all from the Jurassic of Germany and Kazakhstan); Lithogramma Panfilov, 1968; Kalligrammins Panfilov, 1980 (both from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan); Angara gramma Ponomarenko, 1984 (from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of TransbaikaD. This new genus is distinguished from all the known genera by the combination of diag nosis of characters mentioned above ,especially by a obvious recurrent vein which also devel oped in Berothidae (Macleod and Adams, 1967 ), Psychopsidae ( Macleod, 1970; New, 1988), Polystoechotidae (Borror et al. , 1976). As far as now known, the new genus is the first recorded fossil Kalligrammtids from China.

Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 1,10: 1)

Holotype: a rather well-preserved almost complete forewing, registration No. LB95001. Horizon and type locality: Yixian Formation, Upper Jurassic, near Chaomidian Village, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province. People's Republic of China. Etymology From the Greek "papilion-"-"butterfly-like". Description Left forewing length 7 5mm, width 43mm. Rs with 12 branches, most of them forked deeply. MA curved and pectinately forked. MP forked near the base. Anterior

and posterior MP parallel, both forked apically. MP 1 and MP 2 forming a loop or cell (be) basally. CuA pectinately forked, with 4 main branches. CuP forked apically. lA with 6 pectinately branches. 2A appearing dichotomously forked. 3A simple. The characters of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 1 in detail. Hindwings and other body parts unknown.

Sophogramma plecophlebia gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 2,11: 1)

Holotype one rather well preserved complete forewing ,registration No. LB95009. 463

lOmm MP, MP, CuA CuP L..

Fig. 1 Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95001

Horizon and type l-ocality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the Greek "plec-" and "-phlebia"-"net vein". Description Forewing length 62mm, width 35mm. Posterior margin of wing mlSS-

Fig. 2 Sophogrammaplecophlebia gen. et sp."nov. forewing, holotype, LB95009 464 21 ~ ing. Humeral recurrent vein distinctly present. Costal veinlets mostly forked. Rs with 12 branches, mostly forked. The basal and second branches of Rs forked distad to forking point of MA. CuA only with (as preserved) 1 branch. The details of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 2. Discussion This new species can be easily distinguished from the S. papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. by the basal and second branches of Rs forked more distally and by the CuA with 1 branch.

Sophogramma eucalla gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 3,11: 3)

Holotype: two rather well-preserved incomplete forewing, registration No. LB9 5002, LB95003, part and counterpart. Horizon and type locality same as Sophogramma pacilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the Greek "eucall-" - "wonderful". Description Forewing length, as preserved, 7Smm, width 35mm. Forewing with a rounded but slightly pointed apex, without maculations. The distal part of posterior margin of wing missing. Sc and Rl fused apically and thence curved posterially to enter margin be fore wing apex. Rs with 15 branches, except first one, the 2nd to 5th branches forked deeply. The first and 2nd pectinate branches of MA forked deeply. CuA with more than 7 pectinate branches. The characters of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 3.

CuP CuA MP, MP,

Fig. 3 Sophogramma eucalla gen. et sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95002 Discussion The new species differs from the type species S. papilionacea mainly by the first basal branch of Rs forked later, wider CuA area with more than 7 pectinate branches. It also can be separated from the S. plecophlebia by Rs with 15 branches, and the number and arrangement of pectinate branches of CuA. 465

Genus Kalligramma Wal ther, 1904

Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov. (Fig. 4,10: 2)

Holotype two rather well-preserved complete forewing. registration No. LB95004, LB95005, part and counterpart. Horizon and type locality same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the fossil locality "Liaoning Province". Description Forewing length 73mm. width 43mm. Crossveins in costal space mostly simple, but a -few forked. Sc+ Rl simple. Rs with 9 branches, which dichotomously forked near the margin. MA dichotomously forked at the centre of wing. MP pectinately forked, with 5 branches. Cu forked near the base. CuA dichotomously forked. CuP pectinately forked, with 6 main branches. 1A appeared 3 main pectinate branches. 2A with at least 8 main pectinate branches. Wing eye-spot present.

~"~Sc+RI

CuP CuA

Fig. 4 Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95004 Discussion 5 species of Kalligramma Walther. 1904 have been described as follow: K. haeckeli Walther, 1904 (hindwing from Upper Jurassic of Germany); K. turutanovae Martynova, 1947 (forewing from Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan); K. multinerve Panfilov, 1968 (forewing). K. ftexuosum Panfilov. 1968 (hindwing) and K. sharovi Panfilov, 1968 (hindwing) (all from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan). The new species is much similar to K. sharovi, but differs from the latter in 9 branches of Rs, the shape of wing eye-spot and CuA with only 2 branches. 466 21 ~

Family Osmylidae Leach, 1815 (Sensu Pafilov, 1980) Subfamily Spilosmylinae Kruger, 1913 Genus Lasiosmylus gen. nov.

Type species: Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Pronotum . cordiform. Wings slender, not falcate, with relatively a few crossveins. Vein let in basal and middle part of costal area not forked. Crossveins absent be tween Rl and Rs. Rs with 7 main branches, forewing with 2 subcostal crossveins. MP forked opposite to the separation of MA from Rs. Species composition: type species. Discussion According to Panfilov (980), the Osmylidae contains Osmylitidae Mar tynova, 1949 and Mesopolystoechotidae Martynova, 1949. Up to the present, only 4 os mylitids and 1 previously known Mesopolystoechotid have been reported: Osmylites Haase, 1890; Kirgisellodes Martynov. 1937; Mesomylina Bode, 1953 and Mesopolystoechus Mar tynov, 1937 (all of them from Jurassic of Europe); Sinosmylites Hong, 1983 (from the Middle Jurassic of China). The new genus differs from them by the following combination of characters: crossvein absent between Rl and Rs. wings with a few crossveins, and lacking gradate veins. Osmylidae (s. s) is divided into 6 subfamilies (New, 1991). The new genus could be placed in the extant subfamily Spilosmylinae (Carpenter, 1943; New, 1986) on the follow ing venational features: forewing MP forks usually between separations of MA from Rs and

the first branch of Rs from R 1 , sometimes opposite separation of MA; wings not falcate. with few crossveins.

20 fossil genera of osmylids or II osmylids-like" have hitherto been described: Osmylus, Euporismites, Lithosmylus, Osmylidia,Cretosmylus, Imanosmylus, Mesosmylina, Epiosmy lus. M esosmylus, Petrushevskia, Sogiuta, Tetanoptilon, Sibosmylina, Kasachstania, Scapoptera, Pronymphites, Pterocalla, Osmyliodes, Parosmylus,Yanosmylus, (Carpenter, 1943,1991; Lambkin, 1988; Ponomarenko,1984, 1985; Makarkin, 1990, 1994; Ren, 1995; Panfilov, 1980), among which only 1 extinct genera Imanosmylus Makarkin, 1994 (from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia), could be assigned to the Spilosmylinae in our opin ion. The neW genus distinguished from it by the presence of 2 subcostal crossveins, no crossveins between Rl and Rs and the locality of forks of MP.

Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 5, 10: 3 , 11 : 2 ~ 4)

Holotype a well-preserved almost complete body with four wings (presumably female) • registration No. LB95006. Horizon and type locality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology The species name is dedicated to the Australian Entomologist Prof. Dr. T. R. New. 467

Description Body length 17. 5mm, forewing length 17. 4mm, width 6mm; hindwing length 14mm, width 5mm. Head including eyes is as wide as pronotum, eyes circular, an tennae filiform, less than half as long as the forewing. Pronotum cordiform, synthorax dis tinctly larger. with dorsal carina and mesopleural sutures well defined. Fore and middle legs

"\ )

R, Sc

lA MP CuA CuP 1\ b 5

MA MP Cu lA

Fig. 5 Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. a. Body with wings. with hairs and venation of fore wing-and hindwings omitted h. Venation of fore-and hindwing; holotype, LB95006 468 21 !@r unknown, hind leg ill preserved. Abdomen gradually narrowing terminally, with eight visi ble segments; terminalia of not clearly determined sex; the sixth visible segment (probably Sternite VlII) with a circular gonocoxite VlII (presumably female). Body and wings are clothed with long, dense hairs or microtrichia (see Fig. 11: 2,4). Characters of wing venation as shown in Fig. Sb.

Famil y Berothidae Handlirsch, 1906 Genus Oloberotha gen. nov.

Type species: Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Antennae short, nearly one-fourth the length of forewing, scape elongate. Costal area widest in basal third. Humeral vein (Vr) curved and terminated in costa basally and with some basal fork in forewing. Costal veinlets numerous and forked. Subcostal (Sc) sinuate and terminating in R 1 , connected basally to Rl by a single crossvein. Rl coalesced basally with anterior media (MA) and radial sector (MA+Rs). Rl and Rs connected by 3 cross-vein. Rs with 7 or 8 branches. MA separated from MA + Rs after the point of forking of MP. Posterior media (MP) with 2 main branches fused basally. Anterior cubitus (CuA) with 4 main forked branches. Posterior cubitus (CuP) deeply forked. Numerous outer grad uate crossveins present between branches of Rs and M. In hindwing costal area narrower, costal veinlets unbranched. MA originated before the point of forking of MP, coalesced basally with the last branch of Rs .. CuA parallel to posterior margin. and with many pecti nat ely forked branches. CuP undeveloped. Species composition: type species only. Discussion The new genus could be associated with the Berothidae on the basis of the following shared characteristics: the hind wing with CuA parallel to the posterior margin; antenna with scape enlarged (New, 1991); forewing with only 1 basal crossvein between Sc and R 1 ; similarly arranged remaining principal veins. According to Macleod and Adams (967), about 24 extant genera within 4 Subfamilies have been reported. The new genus may be distinguished from all the previously known ex tant berothids mainly by the forewing having a more distinct humeral vein, by having 3 crossvein between RJ and Rs, and by regularly distributed outer gradate crossveins and more branches to the radial sector, There are 4 extinct genera of Berothidae known from inclusions in amber (Kruger. 1923; Whalley. 1980; Klimaszewski and Kevan. 1986): Proberotha Kriiger, 1923 (from Baltic Amber); Banoberotha Whalley, 1980; Paraberotha Whalley, 1980 (both from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon); Plesiorobius Klimaszewski and Kevan. 1986 (from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Canadian), The above mentioned amber berothids bear rather remote resemblance to the new genus. The presence of special humeral crossvein and 3 crossveins between RJ and Rs in the 469 fossil Oloberotha gen. nov. is the most striking difference from amber Berothidae. Oloberotha gen. nov. also shared certain characteristics with Mesoberothidae (Riek, 1955; Carpenter, 1992), but may be separated from the latter by only with outer graduate crossvein in Rs and M; by the completely forked series of costal veinlets in the forewing. This new genus constitutes the first China fossil record of berothid.

Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 6,12: 1)

Holotype: two rather well-preserved complete body with four wings, part and counter part. registration No. LB95007, LB95008. Horizon and type locality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Description Body length (excluding antennae) llmm, forewing length 15mm. width 5. 8mm, hindwing length 13mm, width 5mm. Head including eyes as wide as pronotum. Eyes prominent, semicircular in dosal view. Antennae moderately short, reaching meso tho rax ,Scape clearly elongate. Prothorax nearly as large as mesothorax. Some details of the synthorax are obscured. Legs slender, setae, without spines. Abdomen slightly broadened at middle, and then grad ually narrowing terminally, with 10 visible segments. Forewing elongate-oval with rounded apex. Trichosors very clearly around hind wing margin. Characters of wing venation as shown in Fig. 6.

Family Chrysopidae Schneider, 1851 Subfamily Nothochrysinae Navas, 1910 Genus Lembochrysa gen. nov.

Type species: Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis There are 2 crossveins between Sc and Rl m forewing. Basal subcostal crossvein locates at the starting point of Rs+MA from Rl basally to point of forking of MP. MA connected to MP) by a crossvein. In hindwing MP forking deeply, not coalesced with Rs+MA. Pseudocubitus (Psc) poorly developed, so that the outer gradate (og) series ap

parently extend to MPz ; CuP short, with 2 branches. Subcostal and costa not coalesced in fore-and hindwing. Rs+ MA arises basally. Species composition: two species. Discussion Recently the Chrysopids are placed m 5 Subfamilies (Adams 1967; Ca nard and Semeria, 1984; Martins Neto and Valcano, 1988, 1989): Mesochrysinae, N othochrysinae, Chrysopinae, Apochrysinae and Limaiinae. The new genus Lembochrysa is considered as belonging to the Nothochrysinae based on the following combination of charac ters: Media posterior 1 (MP) definitely angulate at intersections with basal outer and inner gradutes, both basal subcostal crossvein and intramedian cell (im) present in forewing, Pseudomedia (Psm) merges with inner gradate Cig) series, Psc merges with og series. As 470 21 ~

MA CuP MP [~ CuA

6 CuP CuA

Fig. 6 Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. a. Body with wings. with venation of fore-and hindwings omitted b. Venation of fore-and hindwing, with hairs omitted. ho!otype.LB95007 far as now known, 7 extant genera and 8 extinct genera of Nothochrysinae have been de scribed (New, 1980; Semeria and Nel, 1988; Yang and Hong, 1990; Schluter, 1982). The Lembochrysa is allied to the Chinese Early Cretaceous genus Drakochrysa Yang et Hong, 1990, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the position of basal subcostal 471 crossvem, by CuA forking deeply in the hind wing , and by CuP short in forewing. The new genus is also similar to the Archaeochrysa Adams, 1967. a genus from the Miocene of Col orado, U. S. A. , but mainly differs from the latter in the position of the 2 subcostal crossveins , by the shape of cell im and fewer branches of Rs.

Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 7 , 12 : 4)

Holotype one rather well-preserved complete body with four wings. registration No. LB95010. Horizon and type locality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology From the Greek II miniscul-" - /I smaller" . Description Forewing length 11mm, width 4mm; hindwing length 9. 8mm. width

7 MA CuA MP

Fig.7 Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov. a. Body with wings. with venation of wings omitted h. Venation of forewing and hindwing. holotype, LB95010 472 21 ~

3. 5mm. Head with two distinct eyes. Antennae filiform and long. at least 29-segmented, reaching the first visible abdominal segment, scapus moderately enlarged. Characters of thorax not clear. Only fore and middle femora and tibiae preserved. Ab domen distinctly longer than thorax, but only with 7 visible segments. Venation as in Fig. 7. Costal area of forewing broad, cells about as long as high. Rs+ MA with 7 branches. Area between Rl and Rs with 7 closed cells in both fore and hind wings. In Pt area Rl with a few thin and parallel branches, terminated at the apical margin of wing. Posterior medial fork opposite midpoint between two subcostal crossveins. CuA with 4 branches in forewing and 3 branches in hindwing. CuP coalesced with lA for a short distance and then diverged in forewing. 2A deeply forked. 3A single.

Lembochrysa polyneura gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8,12: 2)

Holotype: one rather well-preserved body with three complete wings, registration No. LB95012. Horizon and type locality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the Greek "polyneur-"- "many veins". Description Body length (preserved part) 13. 5mm; forewing length 17. 2mm, width 6mm. Most part of head lacking. Prothorax shorter. Features of synthorax obscured. Ab domen with 8 visible segments. Venation of forewing as in Fig. 8. The hight of cells of costal area is obviously longer than width. The second subcostal crossvein opposite the posterior medial fork. There are 8 closed cells between Rl and Rs. Rs+ MA with 8 branches. In Pt area Rl with more thin and parallel branches, terminated at the anterior margin of wing. Both 1A and 2A forked late. Marginal veinlets from Psc or og all forked. Hind wing not properly known. Discussion The new species differs from the L. miniscula gen. et sp. nov. in the posi tion of second subcostal cross vein , the number of branches of Rs+ MA and the shape of cells in costal area .and in the late forking of 1A and 2A in forewing.

Family Myrmeleontidae Latreille, 1804-1805 Subfamily Myrmeleontinae sensu Stange, 1976 Genus Choromyrmeleon gen. nov.

Type species: Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis In both fore and hindwing presectoral crossveins absent. lA single. Sc and R coalesced at base for a considerable distance. Rs arising well before cubital (CuA) fork in the forewing and posterior medial fork in the hindwing. Forewing costal cells simple, not biareolate. Forewing 2A clearly between 1A and 3A at base, not linked to 1A or 2A by crossvein or meeting at a point. Forewing veins CuP elongate, with many pectinate long branches. Forewing vein CuAz angled with CuA stem. Oblique vein (0) obvious between 473

Fig. 8 Lembochrysa polyneura gen. et sp. nov. a. Body with wings, with venation of wings omitted b. Venation of forewing; holotype. LB95012

MP and CuA in forewing, locating opposite at the fork of CuA and forming a straight line with CuA2. Species composition: type species. Discussion The whole characters of the venation of Choromyrmeleon gen. nov. hav ing the appearance of a recent adult antlion : subcostal space without crossveins, origin of Rs remote from base of wing, truss cell (trc) or hypostigmatic cell (the cell behind the point of fusion of Sc and R l ) very long, in forewing MP simple ,Oblique vein between MP and CuA obvious, CuP pectinate, CuAl and CUA2 enclosing a large triangular area. CuP fused with 1A (Lambkin, 1988; Carpenter, 1992). There are about 2000 extant species in 6 subfamilies, namely Stibopteryginae, Acan thaclisinae, Myrmeleontinae, Dendroleontinae, Palparinae and Echthromyrmicinae (New, 1985). Based on wing venation, the new genus is placed tentatively in the subfamily Myrmeleontinae. The distinct separation of this new genus from recent antlion genera is based on the position of oblique vein, and absence of presectoral crossveins.

Up to the present, only 4 myrmeleontids or II myrmeleontid-like" extinct genera have been reported: Palaeoleon Rice, 1969;Liaoximyia Hong, 1988; Caldasia Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989; Blittersdor//ia Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989. The new genus is more or less similar to the Blittersdor//ia. an ill-preserved Brasil Genus of Early Cretaceous, but may be easily differentiated from the latter in the following aspects: oblique vein aligned with CUA2 in the forewing, large and long CuP area with many pectinate branches. As far as now known, the Choromyrmeleon gen. nov. is the oldest known myrmeleon tids in the world. 474 21 ~

Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 9,12: 3)

Holotype two well-preserved wings specimens, part and counterpart, registration No. LB95013, LB95014. Horizon and type locality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology From the Greek" othn-If -"special". Description Forewing length (preserved part) 28. 5mm, width 7mm; hind wing length 25mm, width 6mm. Head and abdomen lacking. Characters of thorax are obscured. Only fregements of middle and hind femora preserved, on which there is a row of thin spines. Posterior apex of wings missing. Wing venation as in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. ,thorax with wings, holotype LB95013 Acknowledgements Professor TAN Juan-jie (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica) is ac knowleged for critically reading the manuscript. The authors also thank Mr. FANG Xiao-si and Mr. LU Li-wu (Geological Museum of China) for assistance in the field work. 475

Fig. 10 1. Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. , LB95001, holotype, forewing, X 1. 71 2. Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov. ,LB95004, holotype, forewing, X 1. 18 3. Lasiosmylus newi gen et sp. nov. ,LB95006,holotype,body with wings, X 1. 89. 476 21 ~

Fig.ll 1. Sophogramma plecophlebia gen. et sp. nov. ,LB95009,holotype forewing, X 1. 38 2,4. La siosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. ,LB95006 ,holotype; 2. left fore and hindwing, X 4.22; 4. hairs of thorax and microtrichia of wings, X 10 3. Sophogramma eucalla gen. et sp. nov. , LB95002,holotype,forewing, X 1. 07. 477

Fig. 12 1. Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. ,LB95007, holotype, body with wings, X 3. 15 2. Lem bochrysa polyneura gen.et sp.nov. ,LB95012,body with wings, X 2.93 3.Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. ,LB95013, thorax with wings, X 1. 85 4. Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov. ,LB95010,bociy with wings, X 10.53. 478 21 ~

REFERENCES

Adams, P. A. 1967. A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bull. Mus. Compo Zool. , 135(4): 215-238. Borror, D. J. , D. M. Delong and C. A. Triplehorn 1976. An Introduction to the Study of Insects, Fourth Edition. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. 852pp. Canard, M. , Y. Semeria and T. R. New 1984. Biology of Chrysopidae. DR W. Junk Publishers, Hague. 289pp. Carpenter, F. M. 1943. Osmylidae of the Florissant shales ,Colorado. Amer. J. Sci. , 241: 753-760. Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology ,Part R, Arthropoda 4(3). Geo!. Soc. America Inc. and Univ. Kansas, Baulder, Colorado and Laurrence. pp.341-356. Hong, Y. Ch. 1988. Early Cretaceous Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera (Insecta) of Kezuo in west Liaoning Province. Entomotaxonomia, 100-2): 119-130. Lambkin, K. J. 1988. A re-examination of Lithosmylidia Riek from the Triassic of Queensland with notes on Mesozoic os mylid-like fossil Neuroptera (Insecta: Neuroptera). ]I,fern. Qd. 11,fus. , 25(2): 445-458. Klimaszewski, J. and D. K. McE. Kevan 1986. A new lacewing-fly (Neuroptera: Planipennia) from Canadian Cretaceous amber. with an analysis of its fore wing characters. Entomol. News,97(3): 124-132. Kruger, L. 1923. Neuroptera succinica baltica. Stettin. ent. Ztg. ,84: 68-92. Macleod, E. G. and P. A. Adams 1967. A review of the taxonomy and morphology of the Berothidae. with the description of a new subfamily from Chile (Neuroptera). Psyche, 74(3) :237-265. Macleod. E. G. 1970. The Neuroptera of the Baltic amber. 1. Ascalaphidae. Nymphidae, and Psychopsidae. Psyche. 77(2): 147-180. Makarkin. V. N. 1990. A new fossil genus and species of Osmylidae from the Lower Cretaceous of East Siberia. Dtsch. ent. Z. N. F . • 370-3): 101-103. Makarkin. V. N. 1994. Upper Cretaceous Neuroptera from Russia and Kazakhstan. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (N. S. ). 30(3): 238-292. Martins-Neto. R. G. and M. A. Vulcano 1988. Neuropteros (Insecta: Planipennia) da formacao Santana (Cretaceo Inferior). Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. I-Familia Chrysopidae. An. Acad. bras. Ci . • 60(2): 189-201. Martins-Neto. R. G. and M. A. Vulcano 1989. Neuropteros (Insecta:Planipennia) da formacao Santana CCretaceo Inferi or), Bacia do Araripe. Nordeste do Brasil. IV. Complemento as Partes I e II, Com Descricao de Novos Taxa. An. Acad. Bras. Ci . • 61(3): 311-318. Martynova, O. M. 1947. Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic she1es of Karatau (Kazakhstan SSR). Dokla dy Akademii Nauk SSSR, 581: 2055-2058. (In Russian) Martynova, O. M. 1949. Mesozoic lacewings (Neuroptera) and their bearing on concepts of phylogeny and systematics of the order. Trudy Palaeont. Instituta, 20: 150-170. (In Russian) New, T. R. 1980. A revision of the Australian Chrysopidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) . •'lust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser . • 77: 1- 143. New, T. R. 1985. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) I. introduction. Myrmeleontini. Protoplectrini. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser . • 104: 1-90. New. T. R. 1986. A revision of the Australian Osmylidae: Spilosmylinae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Aust. J. Zool., 34: 885-889. New. T. R. 1988. The Psychopsidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) of Australia and Oriental Region. Invertebr. Taxon. , 1988 (2): 841-883. New, T. R. 1991. Neuroptera. In: CSIRO: Insecta of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 525-542. Panfilov. D. V. 1968. Ka lligrammatids (Neuroptera:Kalligrammatidae) from the Jurassic deposits of Karatau. In:Roden dorf. B.B. (ed.) Jurassic insects of Karatau. Izdatel' stovo Nauka. Moscow. pp. 166-174. (In Russian) 479

Panfilov. D. V. 1980. New representative of lacewings (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau. In: Dolin. V. G .• et ai. Mesozoic fossil insects. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. pp. 82-111. (In Russian) Ponomarenko. A. G. 1984. Neuroptera from the Jurassic in eastern Asia. Paieont. Zhurnal, 1984(3): 64-73. (In Rus sian) Ponomarenko. A. G. 1985. Jurassic Neuroptera from Siberia and Wester Mongolia. Trudy Palaeonto. Instituta, 211: 91- 96. (In Russian) Ren, D. 1994a. A new genera and species of Liassogomphidae(Insecta, Odonata) from the Late Jurassic of Liaoning Province, China. Geoscience. 8(3): 254-258. (In Chinese. English abstract) Ren. D. 1994b. A new discovery of snake-flies (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of Beipiao, Liaoning. In: Professional pa pers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology No. 25. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. pp. 131-140. (In Chinese, English abstract) Ren. D. and Y. Ch. Hong 1994. A cladistic study on the familial phylogeny of fossil and living Raphidioptera (Insecta). Bull. Chinese Acad. Geol. Sci .• 29: 103-117. (In Chinese, English abstract) Ren. D,C. Lu.Shi,Ji and Z. Guo 1995. Faunae and stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous in Beijing and the adjacent areas. Seismic Publishing House, Beijing. 222pp. (In Chinese, English abstract) Rice, H. M. A. 1969. An antlion (Neuroptera) and a stonefly (Plecoptera) of Cretaceous age from Labrador, Newfound land. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 68-65, 1-11. Riek, E. F. 1955. Fossil insects from the Triassic beds at Mt Crosby, Queensland. Aust. J. Zool. , 3(4), 654-691- Schluter, T. 1982. Cimbrochrysa moleriensis n. g. n. sp. und Hypochrysa hercyniensis n. sp. ,zwei fossile Chrysopidae Arten (Insecta, Planipennia) aus dem europaischen Tertiar. N. Jb. Geol. Paiaont. Mh. , 1982(5): 257-264. Semeria, Y. and A. Ne11988. Paieochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov. , a new fossil of Chrysopidae from the Upper Eocene Formation of Monteils. (France), with a review of the known chrsopid fossils (Insecta, Neuroptera). In, Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology. Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, R. S. A. pp. 27-32. Whalley, P. E. S. 1980. Neuroptera (Insecta) in amber from the Lower Cretaceous of Lebanon. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. , (Ceol.) 33(2), 157-'1.64. Yang, J. K. and Y. Ch. Hong 1990. Drakochrysa, an Early Cretaceous new Genus of Chrysopidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Laiyang basin,Shandong Province. Geoscience, 4(4), 15-26. (In Chinese;English abstract)

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Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 9311

Reference Citation: Ren, D.; Guo, Z.-g. 1996 [1996.??.??]. On the new fossil genera and species of Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of northeast China. Dong Wu Fen Lei Xue Bao [=Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica] 21:461-480.

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File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Lacewing Digital Library (LDL) Project, 2015.