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On the New Fossil Genera and Species of Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of Northeast China *

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On the New Fossil Genera and Species of Neuroptera (Insecta) from the Late Jurassic of Northeast China * mZ1;f1: m4M ~4&J?t~*1i Vol. 21. No.4 19961f,10fj ACTA ZOOTAXONOMICA SINICA Oct. , 1996 ON THE NEW FOSSIL GENERA AND SPECIES OF NEUROPTERA (INSECTA) FROM THE LATE JURASSIC OF NORTHEAST CHINA * REN Dong GUO Zi-guang (Geological Museum 0/ China. Beijing 100034) Abstract Five new genera and nine new species of the Upper Jurassic Neuroptera are de­ scribed and illustrated: Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov .• Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. , S. eucalla gen. et sp. nov. ,·S. plecophlebia gen. et sp. nov. Call belonging to the Kalligrammatidae); Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. COsmylidae); Oloberotha sinica gen. et sp. nov. (Berothidae); Lembochrysa miniscula gen. et sp. nov., L. polyneura gen. et sp. nov. (both belonging to Chrysopidae); Choromyrmeleon othneius gen. et sp. nov. (Myrmeleon­ tidae). All the specimens described here were collected from the Yixian Formation of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, P. R. China. Key words Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae, Osmylidae, Berothidae, Chrysopidae, Myrmeleontidae, fossil, new genus, new species. A large collection of well-preserved fossil insects has recently been recovered by the au­ thors from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation, located in Chaomidian Village, about 25km south-east of Beipiao City, in the west of Liaoning Province, China. Among which a large number of remains are assigned to the Neuroptera, being very common in the lacustrine sed­ iments of Yixian Formation from western Liaoning. This paper is to describe five new gen­ era and nine new species of fossil Neuroptera and to compare their characters. most of the wing venations, with homologous characters of extinct and extant groups. The insect-bear­ ing strata are of Late Jurassic age, their population and geographical distribution have been published (Ren, 1994a; Ren,1994b; Ren and Hong, 1994; Ren et at. , 1995). All the specimens described in this paper are deposited in the Geological Museum of China, Beijing. Family Kalligrammatidae Handlirsch, 1906 Genus Sophogramma gen. nov. Type species: Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. * This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant No. 49302019). Accepted Oct. 2,1995. 461 462 21 !(i: Diagnosis Forewing eye-spot absent. Humeral recurrent vein (Vr) present. All costal veinlets sinuate and forked. Rs with about 12-15 primary branches, many of them deeply forked. MA with 5 parallel pectinate branches. A basal cell (be) present between MP1 and MP2 at base of wing. MP with basal fork far proximal and with no additional forkings before vicinity of wing margin. CuA pectinately forked and terminated at hind margin of wing. CuP single, with a few branches near wing margin. lA running parallel to CuP for a long distance and with numerous branches. Species composition: three species. Discussion This new genus undoubtedly should be assigned to family Kalligram­ matidae (Carpenter, 1992; Martynova, 1947; Ponomarenko, 1984; Panfilov, 1968, 1980) according to the following characters: forewing with costal area of moderate width; vein Sc joining R near wing apex; MA extensively branched, sending several main branches anteri­ orly; crossveins numerous over entire wing. Up to now, 6 previously described extinct genera belong to this family as follows: Kalligramma Walther. 1904; Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919; Meioneurites Handlirsch, 1906 (all from the Jurassic of Germany and Kazakhstan); Lithogramma Panfilov, 1968; Kalligrammins Panfilov, 1980 (both from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan); Angara­ gramma Ponomarenko, 1984 (from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of TransbaikaD. This new genus is distinguished from all the known genera by the combination of diag­ nosis of characters mentioned above ,especially by a obvious recurrent vein which also devel­ oped in Berothidae (Macleod and Adams, 1967 ), Psychopsidae ( Macleod, 1970; New, 1988), Polystoechotidae (Borror et al. , 1976). As far as now known, the new genus is the first recorded fossil Kalligrammtids from China. Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 1,10: 1) Holotype: a rather well-preserved almost complete forewing, registration No. LB95001. Horizon and type locality: Yixian Formation, Upper Jurassic, near Chaomidian Village, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province. People's Republic of China. Etymology From the Greek "papilion-"-"butterfly-like". Description Left forewing length 7 5mm, width 43mm. Rs with 12 branches, most of them forked deeply. MA curved and pectinately forked. MP forked near the base. Anterior and posterior MP parallel, both forked apically. MP 1 and MP 2 forming a loop or cell (be) basally. CuA pectinately forked, with 4 main branches. CuP forked apically. lA with 6 pectinately branches. 2A appearing dichotomously forked. 3A simple. The characters of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 1 in detail. Hindwings and other body parts unknown. Sophogramma plecophlebia gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 2,11: 1) Holotype one rather well preserved complete forewing ,registration No. LB95009. 463 c lOmm MP, MP, CuA CuP L.. Fig. 1 Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95001 Horizon and type l-ocality: same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the Greek "plec-" and "-phlebia"-"net vein". Description Forewing length 62mm, width 35mm. Posterior margin of wing mlSS- MA Fig. 2 Sophogrammaplecophlebia gen. et sp."nov. forewing, holotype, LB95009 464 21 ~ ing. Humeral recurrent vein distinctly present. Costal veinlets mostly forked. Rs with 12 branches, mostly forked. The basal and second branches of Rs forked distad to forking point of MA. CuA only with (as preserved) 1 branch. The details of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 2. Discussion This new species can be easily distinguished from the S. papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. by the basal and second branches of Rs forked more distally and by the CuA with 1 branch. Sophogramma eucalla gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 3,11: 3) Holotype: two rather well-preserved incomplete forewing, registration No. LB9 5002, LB95003, part and counterpart. Horizon and type locality same as Sophogramma pacilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the Greek "eucall-" - "wonderful". Description Forewing length, as preserved, 7Smm, width 35mm. Forewing with a rounded but slightly pointed apex, without maculations. The distal part of posterior margin of wing missing. Sc and Rl fused apically and thence curved posterially to enter margin be­ fore wing apex. Rs with 15 branches, except first one, the 2nd to 5th branches forked deeply. The first and 2nd pectinate branches of MA forked deeply. CuA with more than 7 pectinate branches. The characters of forewing venation as shown in Fig. 3. CuP CuA MP, MP, Fig. 3 Sophogramma eucalla gen. et sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95002 Discussion The new species differs from the type species S. papilionacea mainly by the first basal branch of Rs forked later, wider CuA area with more than 7 pectinate branches. It also can be separated from the S. plecophlebia by Rs with 15 branches, and the number and arrangement of pectinate branches of CuA. 465 Genus Kalligramma Wal ther, 1904 Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov. (Fig. 4,10: 2) Holotype two rather well-preserved complete forewing. registration No. LB95004, LB95005, part and counterpart. Horizon and type locality same as Sophogramma papilionacea gen. et sp. nov. Etymology From the fossil locality "Liaoning Province". Description Forewing length 73mm. width 43mm. Crossveins in costal space mostly simple, but a -few forked. Sc+ Rl simple. Rs with 9 branches, which dichotomously forked near the margin. MA dichotomously forked at the centre of wing. MP pectinately forked, with 5 branches. Cu forked near the base. CuA dichotomously forked. CuP pectinately forked, with 6 main branches. 1A appeared 3 main pectinate branches. 2A with at least 8 main pectinate branches. Wing eye-spot present. ~"~Sc+RI Rs MA CuP CuA Fig. 4 Kalligramma liaoningensis sp. nov. forewing, holotype, LB95004 Discussion 5 species of Kalligramma Walther. 1904 have been described as follow: K. haeckeli Walther, 1904 (hindwing from Upper Jurassic of Germany); K. turutanovae Martynova, 1947 (forewing from Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan); K. multinerve Panfilov, 1968 (forewing). K. ftexuosum Panfilov. 1968 (hindwing) and K. sharovi Panfilov, 1968 (hindwing) (all from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan). The new species is much similar to K. sharovi, but differs from the latter in 9 branches of Rs, the shape of wing eye-spot and CuA with only 2 branches. 466 21 ~ Family Osmylidae Leach, 1815 (Sensu Pafilov, 1980) Subfamily Spilosmylinae Kruger, 1913 Genus Lasiosmylus gen. nov. Type species: Lasiosmylus newi gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Pronotum . cordiform. Wings slender, not falcate, with relatively a few crossveins. Vein let in basal and middle part of costal area not forked. Crossveins absent be­ tween Rl and Rs. Rs with 7 main branches, forewing with 2 subcostal crossveins. MP forked opposite to the separation of MA from Rs. Species composition: type species. Discussion According to Panfilov (980), the Osmylidae contains Osmylitidae Mar­ tynova, 1949 and Mesopolystoechotidae Martynova, 1949. Up to the present, only 4 os­ mylitids and 1 previously known Mesopolystoechotid have been reported: Osmylites Haase, 1890; Kirgisellodes Martynov. 1937; Mesomylina Bode, 1953 and Mesopolystoechus Mar­ tynov, 1937 (all of them from Jurassic of Europe); Sinosmylites Hong, 1983 (from the Middle Jurassic of China). The new genus differs from them by the following combination of characters:
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