The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA
Editor: John R. Meyer First Quarter 2008 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF AN INNOVATIVE PASSENGER VESSEL SUSTAINING MEMBERS Extract from a technical paper by Dario Boote and Donatella Mascia; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Navale e Tecnologie Marine University of Genova (Italy) he paper was presented at the 2nd International Conference on Ma- Trine Research and Transportation held in June 2007. The main features are described related to the development of an innova- tive passenger ship, starting from the concept design up to the final real- ization of the full-scale prototype. The vessel is a very unconventional solution for the employment in the short-range passenger traffic with a low environmental impact. The proposed solution has been inspired by both hydrofoil and SWATH technologies with the aim of matching rela- tively high speeds, low environmental impact and reduced wave mak- ing. The acronym for this hybrid vessel has been chosen as ENVIROALISWATH, a term which indicates all the mentioned design
______2008 IHS DUES ARE DUE See Full Announcement on Page 2
INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column...... p.2 - Welcome New Members . . p. 2 - Russian Aero-Marine.... p.4 - Boat Designer K. Horiuchi p. 5 - Rodriquez’s Messina Yard p. 6 ENVIROALISWATH General Arrangements: Longitudinal Section, Passengers and Vehicle Deck - Sailor’s Page...... p.10 See Innovative Vessel, Page 3 - Winged SES Vehicle .....p.12 PRESIDENT’S COLUMN WELCOME NEW MEMBERS Tom Haman - In 1988 Tom met Sam Bradfield In Melbourne Fla. at the To All IHS Members Florida Institute of Technology when objectives would be best served by he arrived with NF3 an 18sq sailing am pleased to report the Society’s starting with a “virtual” exhibit on the hydrofoil designed for around the Icontinued growth last year with a web. We have selected a contractor, buoy racing. Sam and Tom began total of 27 new members added to High Caliber Solutions, to open a working together on this project and the IHS Membership roles. By the new hydrofoil website linked to the he has been with Sam and HydroSail way, you can view the Membership IHS site. As we move along, we will Inc. ever since. They have built and List (a new one was generated in Jan- keep you up to date on its contents tested numerous designs from the uary, 2008) by logging onto the IHS and progress. 16ft Rave to the 37ft offshore Racer website and put in the proper pass- Those of you who download the SCAT. Today HydroSail Inc. has be- word. All IHS members have been News Letter from the website are in come HydroSail LLC, in which Tom informed of this password. If you for a special treat of additional pages is one third owner with Sam have been missed, please contact the (beyond the usual 12 in the printed Bradfield and Mike McGarry. webmaster version). This time James C. Sandison - Jim (webmaster@foils. YOUR 2008 DUES ARE DUE Doug Halsey and org). If the IHS Membership options are: Barney Black have Sandison retired as Division Direc- information is in- US$20 for 1 year, $38 for 2 collaborated on a tor, Strategic Sealift, Auxiliary correct, please send years, and $54 for 3 years. Stu- description with Oceanographic, and High Speed Lo- changes to: Steve dent membership is still only many photos of a gistics Ships, Naval Sea Systems Chorney: schorney US$10. For payment of regular unique hydrofoil Command (NAVSEA05D5). He has @comcast.net membership dues by credit sailboat called a long-term background in design, card using PAYPAL, please go construction, and testing of ships. Those of us in the “Broomstick”, a 15’ to the IHS Membership page After beginning his career in Naval Washington D.C. long, 17’ wide, at www. foils.org/member.htm Systems Engineering Command area were fortunate one-person trima- and follow the instructions. (NAVSEC) as a diving and salvage to be able to attend a ran that can be set systems engineer for the Bathyscaph Joint Meeting of the up in a variety of TRIESTE, he has been involved with IHS and the ways. I recommend most of the Navy’s Deep Submers- SNAME SD-5 Panel in January. The the article to all interested in sailing ibles, Mine Warfare ships, Oceano- subject was “HCAC (Hybrid Cata- hydrofoils. graphic ships and commercial maran Air Cushion) Development”, design-based noncombatant and high presented by Robert Moore & Ken- speed ships. He is a specialist in na- neth Maloney; Textron Marine & As your President and Newsletter Ed- val ships designed, built, and certified Land Systems. A copy of the presen- itor, I continue my plea for volunteers to commercial, U.S. Coast Guard, tation will appear on the IHS to provide articles that may be of in- and American Bureau of Ships (ABS) website, so be on the lookout for it. terest to our members and readers. requirements. He recently joined As I mentioned before, Ken Please send material and/or sugges- Maritime Applied Physics Corp. as a Spaulding is spearheading an IHS tions to me ([email protected]), Bill Senior Engineer. initiative. He has provided a brief Hockberger ([email protected]), Michael Schwartz - Mike recently write-up on the subject: “OUR HY- and Ken Spaulding ([email protected]). joined CSC-Advanced Marine Cen- DROFOIL HERITAGE” in the 2nd Wewill be pleased to hear from you. ter as Chief Engineer, and is inter- Quarter NL. In the third quarter ested in boat and craft designs Newsletter we mentioned that the John Meyer, President Board reached a conclusion that our Continued on Page 12
Page 2 IHS First Quarter 2008 INNOVATIVE VESSEL meters wide and 10.30 meters high Hull and submerged body structures (Continued From Page 1) and accommodates 450 passengers are made of AlMg 5083 light alloy; and 50 cars. foils supports and pillars are made of characteristics. [Ed Note: Also Fe5 10 steel. Atypical cross section is known as Aliswath; see related article The submerged body has a length of shown here. on page 6.] 50 m, a breadth of 4. 10 m and a depth of 2.6 m and provides 80% of the hy- The design process of this vessel has The Department of Naval Architec- drostatic buoyancy. The remaining been assessed through the develop- ture of the University of Genova co- 20% is assured, at zero speed and in ment of all those aspects falling out operated with Rodriquez Cantieri the pre-planing phase, by the two lat- from conventional ship design. They Navali to develop the complete de- eral hull bodies and, at cruise speed, mainly are represented by the re- sign of this new vessel. The paper de- by the lifting force developed by the search of the most suitable hull shape, scribes the development of the four foils. the study of the propulsion system, structural design. the analysis of the environmental im- The structure has a longitudinal The project of an innovative passen- pact and the structural layout which lay-out with web frame spacing of should comply with all previously de- ger ship with a very low wake wash, 1250 mm and longitudinal stiffener to be used in a short-range transport fined design parameters. close to the shore, has been developed The first phase of the project in cooperation between Rodriquez was devoted to the structural Cantieri Navali S.p.A of Messina and concept and geometry layout; the Department of Naval Architecture afterwards, by applying differ- of the University of Genova. ent HSC Rules, the preliminary The new vessel is characterised by scantling was laid down and high performance, good manoeuvra- improved by simplified direct bility and controllability, typical of calculations. A further refine- hydrofoils, and good sea keeping ment of the structure scantlings qualities and low installed power, has been then carried out by a typical of the SWATH solution. The finite element analysis of the investigations are aimed at realizing a hull and of the submerged body, full-scale prototype, to be built in separately modeled. Rodriquez Shipyards of Messina. ENVIROALISWATH Main Section In this paper the final part of the The vessel consists of two main com- Note: The dimension for the breadth of the structural design is presented. ponents: the hull, where cargo and lower hull is in error; it should be 4100 mm FEM models have been devel- passengers are located, and a sub- oped on the complete vessel, merged body in which the main en- spacing of 300 mm. Bottom plating is updated with all the variants gine and the fuel tanks are installed. a constant thickness, except in the suggested by stress and strain require- Hull and submerged body are con- connection to the central hull zone, ments, by taking into account the new nected together by means of two col- where it is increased. The two decks outfit layout. This investigation, the umn structures, a bigger one in the aft are fitted with two girders, one on results of which allowed the construc- part of the vessel and a very small one each side of the symmetry plane, sup- tion of the full-scale model, will be forward. ported by circular section steel pil- further improved by experimental in- lars. The submerged body maintains vestigation on the prototype. [Ed Four foils provide the dynamic lift to the longitudinal structure, with rein- Note: A complete copy of the paper sustain the vessel when running at forced frames aligned with those of is available at: http://www. cruise speed (25-27 knots). the hull. Bottom floors are longitudi- icmrt07.unina.it/] nally connected by two fore and aft The hull, characterised by a trimaran lateral keelsons, plus a central one in type layout, is 63 meters long, 15.5 the engine room.
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 3 HYDROSAIL - NEW SUSTAINING nal boats were not designed to THE RUSSIAN AERO-MARINE MEMBER handle the additional loads required to sail flat with hydrofoils. “It’s A book by Bruno De Michelis YDROSAIL Ltd Liability much easier to design the boat right HCorporation (LLC) has over from scratch”. Action photographs runo De Michelis has produced 50 years of experience design- of 10 HydroSail, LLC prototype ve- Ba highly comprehensive book ing, engineering, fabricating, and hicles developed between 1973 and on the subject of Russian and sailing hydrofoil boats and hydro- 2007 are shown on the website: Soviet seaplanes, flying boats, am- foil control systems. After design- www.homepage.aol/HYDROSAIL phibians and ground-effect craft ing a hydrofoil system that set world from the origins (1910) to the year sailing speed records in 1979, the Current HydroSail design efforts 2000. team at HydroSail moved forward to are concerned with developing the The Preface by Francois – Marc de design hydrofoil systems which are electronic aspects of the sailing ve- Piolenc follows: To all of us living practical for everyday sailors and hicle flight control system. The ulti- outside the orbit of the old Union of racers! Whether coastal racing at mate goals of the project are Soviet Socialist Republics, the fly- over 30 knots, or just tacking out of a stabilization and comfort control of ing boat would appear to be a dying crowded harbor, these hydrofoils the vehicle. breed, its last remaining representa- are a dream to sail. METEOR HYDROFOIL MONUMENT tives holdovers of a bygone era. In HydroSail has the expertise to de- the West, the military and naval use sign boats of nearly any size which n early Meteor hydrofoil as a of flying boats ended in the ‘60s. Af- can fly fast. Designs for production Amonument to Rostislav ter that the few remaining craft were boats, or custom racers from 16’ to Evgenievich Alekseev has been flying rich businessmen around the 60’can be built to meet one’s needs. erected in the center of Sormovo on Caribbean, carrying tourists for joy Alekseev Square. flights in Europe, fighting forest Dr. Sam Bradfield’s passion is sail- fires or per- ing fast. He spent eight years teach- forming ing and researching at the Univer- search and sity of Minnesota in aeronautical rescue work engineering before moving back to on the private industry and eventually to Asian litto- Florida. His expertise in fluid dy- ral. namics and advanced wind-pow- ered watercraft eventually led from With the re- aircraft to sail-powered hydrofoils. tirement of He designed NF2, “Neither Fish the big fly- Nor Fowl”. NF2 captured and held ing boats, the Class C world speed sailing re- the teams of METEOR Monument cord between 1978 and 1982. designers (who cre- Sam and his associates at Hydro- This is the hydrofoil monument (it’s a ated the machines that pioneered all Sail, LLC, Mike McGarry and Tom real Meteor) located at the the world’s long-distance air trans- Haman, set their sights on develop- Alekseev’s Square in Nizhniy port routes, inaugurated most of the ing practical applications which Novgorod, Russia advanced features of modern aircraft could bring hydrofoil sailing and Four Meteor or similar hydrofoils are and flew thousands of hours on pa- racing to regular folks. They devel- also tied up alongside one another in trol in fair and foul weather) were oped foils for wind surfers and retro- the river to the East of this site.. disbanded. With time, the expertise fits for existing multihulls. to build seaplanes, flying boats and According to Mike, one of the prob- lems with retrofits is that the origi- ************ Continued on Next Page
Page 4 IHS First Quarter 2008 THE RUSSIAN AERO-MARINE in the ‘60s and ‘70s, of ground effect ples of Alexander Graham Bell and (Continued From Previous Page ) machines (ekranoplanes), Russian de- Thomas Edison. signers amazed the world with the amphibious aircraft disappeared new breed of fantastic craft, but politi- Their compulsion to invent things from Western design bureaux and cal changes, bureaucratic impedi- was as strong as their need for money, even the advocacy of the type faded, ments and financial difficulties killed shelter, family and freedom, however as those who fully understood what even the development of these great, this form of the American Dream these machines could do, retired innovative creations. Only very few may be more appropriately called the without having been given the oppor- Russian companies are trying, nowa- International Dream. The inventive tunity to train competent successors. days, to produce modern flying boats / spirit is everywhere, not just in America. On the other side of the Iron Curtain, ground effect craft hybrids but, in the opposite happened. Just as most spite of some successful results, lack There is no finer example of an inno- American and European flying boats of funds and international indiffer- vator and inventor than Kotaro were being scrapped, their sisters ence seem to have substantially Horiuchi (IHS Member), chief of the were coming of age in Russia. Unlike slowed their efforts. Yamaha Research and Development their Western counterparts, Russian This book represents a small but satis- Center during the 1980s, head of designers knew they could not afford fying part of the great “peace divi- Horuichi Laboratory and former di- to let water-based aircraft disappear; dend” that followed the dismantling rector of Yamaha Motor Co. Mr. the vast distances between key points of the Soviet empire by its own elite. Horiuchi, like his company, is Japa- in the USSR, coupled with its Medi- For Western readers, it is a very com- nese, but the R & D centers are in Los eval infrastructure, kept alive the prehensive historical and technical re- Angeles and Minnesota. Little won- need for ‘planes that could take off port of what was, but also of “what der that many of the designs he cre- and land on any suitable body of wa- could have been” on our side of the ated have strong appeal to ter. The Imperial Russian forces had Socialist Divide, if wiser minds had Americans. Yamaha’s market suc- taken an early interest in seaplanes prevailed. We are certain that our cesses are well known: motorcycles, and flying boats, buying Western readers will be as rapt as we are in ad- personal watercraft, etc. But the real craft and studying them; their Com- miration of the sometimes bizarre, but excitement in this book is about the munist successors continued the often ingenious, contrivances pre- vehicles he created for special pur- trend without interruption, soon pro- sented in the following pages, which poses and, for one reason or another, ducing their own types, better also include a vast collection of rare where never mass-marketed and adapted to Russian conditions than photographs and documents. With therefore not widely known. the more delicate Western models. any luck, this work will trigger a “fly- After the second World War (called ing boat race” to rival the missile race The versatile Mr. Horiuchi, in a pe- Great Patriotic War in the USSR) the and the space race that gave us so rapid technical advances that had ma- riod spanning over 50 years, de- much of the technology that we now signed conventional motorboats, terialized during the conflict were take for granted. routinely incorporated into post-war sailboats, planes, helicopters, motor- flying boats and amphibious ‘planes, LOCUS OF A BOAT DESIGNER BY cycles, cars, SCUBA propulsion unit narrowing the gap in performance KOTARO HORIUCHI and even a river-powered generator. between land-based and water-based But his greatest efforts were focused Reviewed by Ray Vellinga (IHS on hydrofoil boats, and this book re- craft. The same thing happened in the Member) West (as in the remarkable Martin veals their secrets. His best known P6M and some others) but was com- hydrofoil is the OU32 that was fea- pletely forgotten when flying boats hat is the “American Dream”? ture on the Discovery Channel in were set aside and the advanced pro- WTo some it is having a good 1999. This water-jet powered boat totypes were torched without leaving job, buying a house, starting a carries two persons in tandem and as much as a single example for a mu- family and voting. Others believe the flies at 40mph. The pilot and passen- American Dream follow the exam- seum exhibit. With the development, Continued on Next Page
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 5 LOCUS OF A BOAT DESIGNER would like more than anything to see DIVERSE PRODUCTION AT (Continued From Previous Page ) the abandoned ideas come back to life RODRIQUEZ’S MESSINA YARD in the form of viable, profit making ger are belted in and protected by a products. Many of his best ideas ap- Extracted from Fast Ferry Interna- locking clear transparent canopy. parently were shelved because of un- tional, October 2007 The submerged foils allow the craft to related circumstances, like the urrently, there are six vessels make balanced turns while banking Japanese recession or the surge in under construction at the 45 degrees. The result is a 1.4G thrill product liability problems in the C Rodriquez Cantieri Navali yard ride. There are detailed drawings, de- 1990s. Of course the biggest market in Messina, Sicily. Three are scriptions, specifications and mea- for these ideas is here in the USA and wavepiercing catamarans, two are surements to help the reader surely it’s no coincidence that this fully submerged hydrofoils and one understand how this boat works. second edition is in English and avail- able to Americans. is an Aliswath hybrid design. During the 1990s there was a lot of in- The only surface piercing hydrofoils terest in Japan about setting records in the yard are two Foilmasters lifted with human powered hydrofoils. Included in the book is a 36 minute ashore for maintenance. In the past There were many boats but two stand DVD. It is in NTSC format, region 51 years, the Messina yard has deliv- out: the Cogito and the Super Phoe- free; so it will play on your TV. There ered 167 surface-piercing hydrofoils. nix. The fastest was the two rider are 50 boats, planes and cars — many The latest, Foilrnaster Gigliola M, Super Phoenix. It was designed and of which the reader probably never entered service this summer with built by Yamaha engineer, Fumitaka has seen. Excerpts from the DVD can Ustica Lines. It seems there will he Yokoyama, in Yamaha’s facility un- be seen on youtube.com. Search for no more. der the direction of Mr. Horiuchi. In OU32 or Kotaro Horiuchi. 1998 it flew at 19.51 knots. That is The book is important because of the Wavepiercers unofficially faster than the 18.5 knots large number of significant projects Production is currently dominated by of the MIT speed record holder, and the detail in which they are re- an order for five 52m wavepiercers Decavitator, a one man hydrofoil. Of- ported. This one should be in the li- placed last year by the Sultanate of ficially, Super Phoenix was awarded brary of every serious hydrofoil Oman. Three are to be fitted out as the two man record by the Interna- enthusiast and designer. ferries carrying 100 passengers and tional Human Powered Vehicle Asso- 22 cars, the other two as rescue ves- ciation for the fastest flying start run Locus is a large book, 308 pages of 8” sels capable of carrying up to 200 through a 100 meter course at 18.67 X 11.5” print. It is filled with over people. Knots. This speed fell slightly short of 360 fine line drawings and photos. their 20 knot goal. The line drawings in particular are Although Rodriquez was responsible works of art. About 40% of the book for the detail design of the vessels and Mr. Horiuchi generously details the is devoted to hydrofoils, 20% for tank testing, there is a strong Austra- final 5 modifications that were made power boats, 10% for rowing shells, lian content in the project. AMD Ma- on the Super Phoenix to permit it to fly 10% two wheel powered vehicles, rine Consulting contributed the basic faster, but even after these modifica- and 10% for airplanes and helicop- design while Spear Green Design is tions its old record could not be ters. The book is filled with great de- responsible for the fit out and specifi- beaten. Still optimistic, Mr. Horiuchi signer and engineering ideas with cation of the interiors and has pro- calculates that by increasing the rider numbers, dimensions and de- duced corporate livery for the ferries. power by 15% and decreasing the tails. This edition is priced at $99.00 Fully Submerged Hydrofoils drag by 35% an otherwise similar boat plus $7.00 US shipping. Order it would smash all records by reaching through Dr. Mike Timmons, 126 Sun- The Oman project has delayed the 24 knots. Sounds easy enough. set Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850. Email completion of two 37m hydrofoils There are so many valuable projects [email protected] Phone 607-227- fitted with fully submerged foil sys- in this book that one gets the feeling 5638. that Mr. Horiuchi, retired as of 1996, Continued on Next Page
Page 6 IHS First Quarter 2008 DIVERSE PRODUCTION AT Aliswath Comparing a Rodriquez TMV 70 RODRIQUEZ’S MESSINA YARD monohull carrying 530 passengers The largest vessel under construction and 57 cars, a deadweight of 137 tems, preliminary details of which in Messina, the 64m Aliswath, fea- tonnes, with an Aliswath 64m carry- were released by Rodriquez at the tures a trimaran structure forward, ing 130 deadweight tonnes, end of 2004. The design features a fully submerged foils and a single Rodriquez says that installed powers hull built entirely in welded alu- “swath-like” hull, or gondola as it is are 9,400 kW and 6,800 kW respec- minium fitted with ‘high resistance’ described by Rodriquez. tively, fuel consumption is 2,200 steel foils. At service speed, the foils will pro- litres/hour and 1,500 litres/hour, and a vide 20% of lift and the buoyancy of 28 knot service speed requires 100% Speaking at the 3rd Fast Ferry Infor- maximum continuous rating (mcr) on mation Conference in London at the the gondola will provide 80%. The gondola will house two MTU 16V the TMV 70 but only 90% mcr on the end of September, Rodriquez fast Aliswath 64m. ferry business manager Marco 4000 M70 diesels powering a single Pavoncelli said that the fully sub- propeller. Two MTU 16V 2000 M70 merged hydrofoil offers lower fuel wing diesels in the hull will each consumption than similar sized fast ferries, 950 litres per hour at 46 knots or 20.65 litres per knot; very good comfort on board with vertical accel- erations of 0.07g rms in 1.5m signifi- Aliswath Hull at Messina Yard cant seas; more available operating days due to continued service in The hull of the Aliswath was partially Beaufort force 5-6 conditions; and a built at the Rodriquez yard in Pietra greater number of potential routes Rendering of Aliswath Ligure and the gondola was produced and better operational flexibility due power a podded tractor propeller. in Messina. First trials of the vessel to its 25% higher service speed. are expected to take place towards the The project is a joint venture between end of 2008. Rodriquez, the University of Genoa, According to Rodriquez research and Registro Italiano Navale and the development manager Michele Krylov Institute. Sferrazza, “The two prototypes will Advantages be developed with different propul- claimed for the de- sion systems, one with traditional sign include im- fixed pitch propellers and a two speed proved seakeeping, gearbox, the other with an azimuth lower fuel cosump- propeller. tion, a drastic re- duction of wake The first gear will serve to reach the wash, and minimi- speed required for take-off, 24 to 30 zation of airborne Aliswath Lower Hull Awaiting Mating With Upper knots, within 15 to 20 seconds, allow- noise. Hull in the Messina Yard ing the hull to emerge from the water without overloading the engines, Disclaimer while the second gear exploits all the Interested in hydrofoil history, available power.” The trials program IHS chooses articles and pioneers, photographs? Visit the of the first vessel is due to start during photos for potential interest to IHS history and photo gallery pages Spring 2008. members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org the authors’ opinions or claims.
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 7 HYDROFOIL BOATS OF THE he intended to take up this trade as his and the state of the art at the end of SCHERTEL-SACHSENBERG-SYSTEM - profession. He designed hang-gliders WW II (1945) is summarized. The A GERMAN DEVELOPMENT and engaged himself in sail planes in chapter ends with a view to the vari- the 1920ties. In between he built his ous activities and their locations dur- he IHS was fortunate to receive a first test hydrofoil boat in 1919. In ing WW II. copy of this book (in German) T 1923 he started his engineering stud- written by Werner Hinsch and ies at the Technical High School of The “Konsortium” Agreement is de- Klaus J. Sachsenberg and published Berlin for aircraft and naval architec- scribed and analysed in some detail. by Verein zur Förderung des ture. He returned to his home town The aim of it was the promotion, mar- Lauenburger Schiffahrtsmuseums Wiesbaden and in a small boatyard keting and licensing of the e.V. It’s German title is: and mechanical workshop he built a Schertel-Sachsenberg-System and its “Tragflügelboote des total of 7 test boats between 1927 and further development. Both partners Schertel-Sachsenberg-Systems eine 1935. The real breakthrough came had equal rights and designated their Deutsche Entwicklung“. Volker Jost with boat No. 7 which demonstrated patents to the Konsortium. of Lucerne Switzerland was kind its capabilities when it covered the enough to provide this summary in A later chapter addresses in great de- distance between Mainz and Cologne English. tail the boats built at the Gebr. on the river Rhine in 3 hours and Sachsenberg shipyards in Rosslau The book is a detailed compilation of 4min with 7 persons aboard. and in Hamburg. the development of hydrofoil boats The book then describes the early de- according to the Schertel-Sachsen- Design details and reports of sea trials velopers of hydrofoil boats such as berg principle in Germany and its are provided. Most of the boats were Enrico Forlanini (1906), Crocco, continuation after WW II in Switzer- for military use and for different as- Ricaldoni (1908) and Bell-Baldwin land. This book covers the time frame signments in the Navy. The largest in 1918 and the early tests of von from 1919, the first test boat of Hanns boat, the VS 8, was for 20 years the Schertel from 1920 onwards. All his Freiherr Schertel von Burtenbach un- largest hydrofoil boat built. There are test boats are described. No. 8 the til about 1960. two impressive tables that list all the “Silbervogel” (Silver Bird) was the boats that were constructed or were Gotthard Sachsenberg was a very im- breakthrough. It was successfully under development until end of WW pressive personality and the opening demonstrated on the River Rhine in II. chapter provides an overview of his April 1936. It was also the time when various activities that are not com- the Consortial-Agreement with Mr. Sachsenberg (Son of Gotthard monly known. He engaged himself in Gotthard Sachsenberg was con- Sachsenberg) describes herein the sit- a number of developments during cluded (Oct. 1936). uation in Germany after WW II in the WW I and WW II. West as well as in the Soviet Zone and VonSchertel was very much engaged the status of the Sachsenberg Ship- In the mid thirties he met von Schertel in the improvement of the foil system yards which were all fully destroyed. and they formed the Schertel- and he used various German institu- Sachsenberg-Schnellboots-Konsorti tions for testing. A number of patents Unlike the Russians, the British and um. Further developments regarding were granted. All this development American authorities showed little hydrofoils were made under the um- finally led to the Schertel- interest in the WW II development.. brella of this agreement which re- Sachsenberg-System with the They saw a great future in it and they mained in force even during well-known surface piercing foils. founded the KBR Rosslau (Design SUPRAMAR times. He knew that this was not the ideal Office Rosslau) where they concen- system regarding seaworthiness and trated those experts who they could A vitae of von Schertel is really im- riding comfort, but for a fully sub- get hold of in their part of Germany. pressive and covers a time span from merged foil system was not yet ma- At the end of 1948 the KBR was WW 1 until the 1980s. He died in ture at the time. closed down and all the know-how 1985 in Hergiswil, Switzerland. The that was compiled by the German ex- young von Schertel was very enthusi- The design features of the system are astic about airships (Zeppelins) and described as well as its sea capability Continued on Next Page
Page 8 IHS First Quarter 2008 HYDROFOIL BOATS As earlier mentioned the Soviet Un- propulsion arrangement, gasoline en- (Continued From Previous Page) ion, and especially the Soviet Navy, gines had to be used. The foils were had great interest in the hydrofoil retractable which actually compli- perts was transferred to the Soviet technology and the “KBR” was estab- cated the system quite significantly It Union. In no other country were so lished to collect and catalogue all data was a very advanced craft (may be too many hydrofoil boats built than in the and information on this subject. A advanced for that time) and it was Soviet Union mainly for testing. number of ex-Sachsenberg engineers never really used in scheduled pas- and scientists were employed to fulfill senger service mainly because of the In the West von Schertel and this task. Also some prototypes were gasoline engines. When Daimler Sachsenberg came together again and built. As mentioned earlier the Benz could finally deliver suitable the first post-war hydrofoil the PT 30 “KBR” was eventually closed in diesel engines, a re-engining of the later named “Freccia d’ Oro” was 1948, the Soviets had all they needed boat was considered to be too expen- built with some Swiss financial re- to carry on their own development “at sive. No customer could be found and sources on a small boatyard on Lake home”. after some years of sales efforts the Lucerne. “BREMER PIONIER” was finally The Deutsche Democratic Republic scrapped in the early 1960s. On May 29, 1952 SUPRAMAR AG (DDR) took up the hydrofoil develop- was founded by the Schertel- ment in the 1950s for civil as well as The book pays tribute to Jean N Sachsenberg-Consortium and a small for military application. The Navy in- Logothetopoulos or “LOGOS” be- Swiss bank. tended to use hydrofoils as fast at- cause his full name was much to com- After thorough testing on Lake of Lu- tack-craft in the Baltic Sea. plicated. Born in 1914 in Hamburg he cerne the PT 30 was transferred to the studied at the Technical High School The first hydrofoil boat in West Ger- in Berlin together with Prof. Schuster. Lake Maggiore and put into regular many was ordered by the Hessian Wa- service on that lake between Switzer- In the early 1940s he made acquain- ter Police from NAUTIK GmbH and tance with Gotthard Sachsenberg and land and Italy. This was when Carlo delivered in 1955. It was of course of Rodriquez saw the boat and got inter- became engaged in hydrofoils. He the Schertel-Sachsenberg- System. was part of the “HYDROFOIL ested and the first License contract This 10 m POT 3 named type was was signed between SUPRAMAR TEAM” and, tending more towards quite successful in its service on the the practical work took part in the AG and Cantieri Navale Leopoldo River Rhine and repeat orders were Rodriquez in Messina. testing of all boats built during WW2. generated. He died in 2003. He gave also many The first PT 20 was built at that yard Worthwhile to mention is also a 14 m valuable inputs to this book. and after extensive testing it was put boat for the “Forces Francaises en The authors briefly mention the new into scheduled service between Allemagne”. This boat was built on a Messina and the Italian mainland. It developments by SUPRAMAR AG small shipyard at the Lake of Con- from the 1960s onwards and other de- was the first hydrofoil vessel classed stance. Many details of this boat are by a classification society. velopments as foil cats, Boeing Jetfoil given in the book. and others. They recommend that the In 1958/59 the “ice was broken” and a In 1952 the NAUTIK GmbH negoti- years after 1960 should be addressed number of ship owners placed orders ated with the Government of Bremen in some depth in a follow-up publica- with the Rodriquez shipyard. The a contract for passenger hydrofoil tion regarding the development of next bigger model, the PT 50, was very similar to the PT 20 of High-Speed-Vessel to complete the launched and numerous orders were SUPRAMAR AG.After long negotia- issue. realized. tions and fund raising procedures it The book is rich photos of the boats Also at the time SUPRAMAR AG was finally built by the LÜRSSEN and other memorabilia, and contains was founded, another company the Shipyard and it was called PT 21 in or- biographies of many of the personali- NAUTIK GmbH was established in der to avoid confusion with the PT 20 ties mentioned in the book along with Germany with some German partners of SUPRAMAR. Because of lack of their photos. to enhance the activities in Germany. suitable diesel engines for the twin
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE
BLOWING YOUR BOAT SHOES OFF many. One of the biggest is finding a MORE TANDEM SAIL HYDROFOIL small, manageable, strong, light- CONCEPTS FROM THE PAST By Tom Haman (IHS Member) weight platform that is safe for the skipper. The WindRider Rave and the [Extracted from “Soundings” July In the Second Quarter 2007 IHS Hobie Trifoiler addressed this by in- 2007 by permission] Newsletter, we featured an item con- corporating a cockpit into the design. cerning a hydrofoil sailing trimaran A handful of folks have been working One disadvantage of this solution: design by the Leningrad Ship Design on hydrofoil sailboats for years. One Though it keeps, crew safe in their Centre based on the conversion of a of them is Sam Bradfield who, with seat, it doesn’t allow weight shifts for Kometa passenger hydrofoil which his team at HydroSail, is developing a maximum righting moment. appeared in at least the 1985 and 1986 performance flying foiler for issues of Jane’s Surface Skimmers. As these boats have progressed, around-the-buoys racing. Others are The craft was never built as far as we building materials have gotten better. George and Joddy Chapman, who are aware. With carbon fiber it’s now possible to have been working on a catfoiler in build them at competitive weights. England, and designers in Australia More recently a smaller sailing hydro- This has been important in advancing are developing the Moth Class, which foil proposal with a quite similar tan- the state of the art. For the future, we encourages its members to build din- dem inclined sail arrangement as the can expect hydrofoil sailors to rou- ghy-size 11-foot tandem foil racers. Kometa derived design came to our tinely exceed 30 knots and race at attention. The design was outlined in twice wind speed. They an article by its designer, R.E. Vin- will match speed with cent, titled: “Beware Low Flying high performance Boats - An Experimental Hydrofoil multi-hulls upwind and Craft with an Ingenious Theory for downwind, and foil away Stability” which appeared in the May from them on a reach. Hy- 1972 (Vol. 124, No. 2758) issue of drofoils powered by kites Yachting World (pp 98-99). 500 feet in the air may of- fer new levels of perfor- mance and leave rivals in their wakes. There are new and used hydrofoils on the market: HydroSail (321) 723- Hobie Trifoiler Underway 0733, WindRider Raves (used only), and Hobie R.E. Vincent Sketch of Trifoilers (currently used only). Try Experimental Hydrofoil We also have seen efforts to develop foiling. It will blow your boat shoes larger foilers, - for example, SCAT off. Given the Yachting World article from HydroSail, a 37-footer, and pre-dates the appearance of the Lenin- I’Hydroptere, the French 60-footer, The Hobie Trifoiler is out of produc- grad Ship Design Centre concept pub- both full-flying foilers. The offshore tion, but it can be found used, along lished in Jane’s by about a decade, 60-foot class is slowly adopting foils, with new and used foilers from other perhaps the study by R.E. Vincent in- some putting Bruce foils on amas and manufacturers. spired their further investigations? A a foil on the rudder, all for better sta- summary of the article follows: bility. Others are testing flying foils. NOTE: Tom Haman is a partner in HydroSail LLC, of Melbourne, Fla., The challenges of developing a mar- and a longtime foiler. Continued on Next Page ketable everyman hydrofoil sailor are
Page 10 IHS First Quarter 2008 MORE TANDEM SAIL CONCEPTS Transverse Stability Achieving a suitable foil arrange- ment was complex. It was easy (Continued From Previous Page) Analysis suggested that side thrust enough to design a bow foil to pro- may be approximate equivalent to the Design Objective vide the necessary lift, but this inter- weight of the boat. If the boat weighs rupted the directional stability of the The objective was to find a configu- 500 lb, then side thrust may be up to boat. Also a bow steering foil could ration suitable for a sea-going ma- 500 lb f. With such a large side force, create directional instability. The so- chine, the initial design being for a means of stabilizing the boat would be lution was achieved by designing a necessary. foil which can pivot about a vertical Additional ballast of any kind espe- axis and follow the water flow with a cially a ballasted keel would penalize castor action. a hydrofoil boat due to this extra Likewise for directional stability, the weight. The application of shifting main foils had to be near the centre of ballast, for example, moving crew effort of the wing system. To achieve weight was also considered unrealis- the desired lift distribution it was tic for a seagoing boat. The use of convenient to have the main foil pair down thrust on the windward foil to close to the centre of gravity, and for provide stability was considered to longitudinal stability an adequate not be altogether safe. Such a foil length of foil base was required. would require constant trimming, and Tandem Sail Hydrofoil Proposal by These problems were solved by if it lifted out of the water, the craft R.E. Vincent mounting the main foils to the trans- could capsize rapidly. verse beam which supports the wing single-handed prototype to evaluate sails. This beam could be moved fore the proposed sail and foil geometry. The solution was to achieve dynamic and aft to optimize all conditions. The critical requirements for the de- equilibrium through the sail arrange- Another is that the wing sail thrust is sign included the need for adequate ment. The solution was to employ two transmitted directly into the main transverse, longitudinal and direc- wings canted together so that the base foils, reducing stress elsewhere in the tional stability in both the foilborne of each is at the extreme of the lateral structure. and hullborne states. beam and the tips of the wings join to- With the centre of lateral resistance gether. The whole system achieving a Sail Design (main foils) near the centre of effort strong triangular form, a bonus in (wings) and no directional influence At high speeds it was found that the light of the high loads exerted on the from the bow foil, a steering surface apparent wind angle relative to the sails. The system develops down- was positioned aft to attain positive course of the boat remains small, re- thrust on the windward wing and up- directional stability. gardless of the sailing direction. For thrust on the leeward wing, the resul- instance, if a boat sails at 3x true wind tant moment counteracting the over- Possible Future Developments speed, the apparent wind angle never turning side-force. increases significantly above 18 de- Thoughts for later development grees from ahead. To achieve the nec- Longitudinal And Directional Sta- flowed from the development of this essary driving force, the sail must bility design, and included the possibilities operate at a low angle of incidence to of: Vertical take off or Ground effect wind-powered machines.* this apparent wind. The forward thrust of the wing system creates a bow depressing moment. * Editors note: This is an interesting The low apparent wind angle also ne- The solution was found in the posi- forecast from almost 35 years ago. In cessitated a configuration with a high tioning of the wings for-and-aft and in a forthcoming Newsletter, we intend lift to drag ratio where a solid wing the creation of adequate upthrust to review a current speed sailing de- section was assessed to be superior to about the bow; again the high loading sign project that closely matches the a conventional sail. factor was critical. latter description.
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 11 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS ROBERT LEON STEVENSON (Continued From Page 2) REMEMBERED meeting defense requirements for obert Stevenson, (IHS Mem- mobility, mission capability, effi- Rber) 76, of Bow, Washington, ciency and environmental compli- died December 10, 2007 at ance. Having just retired as a Navy Coos Bay, Oregon. He was born, Captain after 26 years, Mike was an August 1, 1931, in Los Angeles, Engineering Duty Officer, engaged in CA. He was raised in Rogue River, design, construction and life cycle and owned Fire-View Products in support of ships and ship systems. Rogue River, until retiring in 1990, This included managing a complete when he moved to Bow. In Bow, he overhaul of one of the Navy’s hydro- designed and fabricated aluminum foils, USS Aquila (PHM-4), and writ- boats, including a hydrofoil. He is ing a technical paper on methods of survived by, his wife, Katherine non-destructive testing for PHM Stevenson, of Bow; daughters struts and foils. Most recently Mike The concept was reported in a paper Gianaclis Caldwell and Carol was Navy Program Manager for in the ASNE Naval Engineers Jour- Stevenson; stepdaughter June Fryer CVN 21, Future Aircraft Carriers. He nal, April 1974. It also appeared in of Grants Pass; and step-son John has a BS in Electrical Engineering “Jane’s Surface Skimmers” of Southern of Nampa, Idaho; and 10 from University of Pennsylvania and 1975-76. Richard also sent a copy of grandchildren. an MS in Electrical Engineering from a patent 3,768,429: Watercraft, de- the Naval Postgraduate School. scribing the concept. He built a small WINGED SURFACE EFFECT VEHICLE test model of the concept about that time with which he experimented with varying degrees of success. HS has received a long letter from Richard Greer (IHS Member) and I 30 Ft. Trimaran With Foils founder of Water Research Co., in NEW BENEFIT which he referred to an article in the IHS provides a free link from First Quarter 2007 Newsletter about the IHS website to members’ per- the WIGH Passenger Hydrofoil. sonal and/or corporate site. To re- It so happened that back in the early quest your link, contact William White, IHS Home Page Editor at 1970s, Richard and a colleague by [email protected] the name of John H. McMasters had View of Foils - July 2003 been working on what was then con- sidered a new Winged Surface Effect Vehicle. They combined an SES with IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS a wing as illustrated here. 2005-2008 2006-2009 2007-2010
Joel Billingsley Mark R. Bebar Sumi Arima IHS OFFICERS 2007 - 2008 John Meyer President Jerry Gore Dennis Clark John R. Meyer Mark Bebar Vice President John Monk William Hockberger Joel Roberts
George Jenkins Treasurer Kenneth Spaulding George Jenkins William White Ken Spaulding Secretary
Page 12 IHS First Quarter 2008 EXTRA FOR THE WEBSITE EDITION BROOMSTICK ONE-PERSON HYDROFOIL TRIMARAN PROJECT
PROGRESS REPORT Doug Halsey (IHS Member) Photos by Terry Curtiss BROOMSTICK is the name of the hydrofoil trimaran that I designed and built and that I sail on the inland lakes of Southern California (Lake Perris and Lake Elsinore). I have always felt that BROOMSTICK - a 15’ long, 17’ wide, one-person trimaran that can be set up in a hydrofoils were a magical sort of thing, variety of ways - shown sailing on foils using its larger rig and its smaller amas. and since my wife and I have owned a Lake Perris, June 4, 2007. (Photo by Terry Curtiss) number of dogs with names like Goblin, Wizard, and Impy, the name BROOM- STICK seems to fit into the family nicely. BROOMSTICK is by no means a I believe that either type of foil finished product; rather it is a continu- could be used on BROOMSTICK, but I My intention in building the boat ally-evolving experimental platform. As chose the surface-piercing option for the was to produce something that would such, the hulls, rigs, and foils are highly initial foils because they are much sim- challenge my engineering capabilities, modular and easily interchangable. I pler for the amateur to build. There are no be fun and exciting to sail, and be near have sailed it both with and without foils, flaps, no wands, no moving parts on the the upper limit of what would be possible with 2 different sets of amas (pontoons), main foils. Main foil incidence is set by for one man (of my age and size) to trans- 2 different rigs, but so far, with only the bolting to brackets, and is not normally port, rig, and sail by himself. I’m not initial set of foils. changed on any given day. aiming for any speed records or compet- ing for any prestigious trophies with this The foils are arranged in the I have provided manual incidence boat, but I hope to learn enough to be able so-called “airplane configuration”, with control for the aft foil (by simply adjust- to dream about such things for a possible 2 deep-vee, high-dihedral surface-pierc- ing the angle of the kick-up rudder), so second boat. ing foils just forward of the center of that I can try to sail with close to the opti- gravity and a smaller horizontal foil at mum amount of foil in the water for the Only conventional materials have the bottom of the rudder. This configura- given conditions, rather than just accept- been used in this project. The main hull is tion was chosen for its simplicity, rigid- ing the variation of foil area with speed planked of foam, and covered inside and ity, and stability. that surface-piercing foils automatically out with fiberglass/epoxy. The amas provide. (pontoons) are plywood. The crossbeam Over the years, the question of assembly is welded aluminum tubing whether to use surface-piercing foils or Vee foils are used for the main with fabric trampolines. Masts and fully-submerged foils has been a hotly foils instead of the more common canti- booms are aluminum. The sails are Da- debated topic, with each side claiming levered foils because of the structural ri- cron. Some of the parts are over 30 years numerous advantages. I think that the re- gidity of the nearly triangular shape. This old, from an earlier boat. The foils are all cent successes of l’Hydroptere (sur- allows them to be made of light wood softwood, covered with glass/epoxy. face-piercing) and the Moth class There’s no need to spend a fortune at this (fully-submerged) show that both types stage. can be equally successful. Continued on Next Page
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 13 BROOMSTICK (Continued From Previous Page ) covered by a single layer of 9-ounce fi- berglass, with no carbon fiber reinforc- ing, even though their chord is smaller than it might be for cantilevered foils. Furthermore, for a given foil depth, the span (horizontal projection) is twice that of cantilevered foils.
Initially, I was worried about extra induced drag that might arise for vee foils with combined lift and side force, but numerical experiments in a vor- tex-lattice lifting-surface code con- vinced me that vee foils are actually quite Broomstick on its trailer, ready for its first sail. Any boat this wide must be dis- efficient, especially when a short vertical mantled for towing and storage. Each component is light enough to be carried fin is added at the bottom of the vee. easily by one person. Fallbrook, June 24, 2003. (Photo by Doug Halsey)
The large dihedral angle was cho- The main foils were initially pro- The boat was first launched in sen to discourage ventilation of the foils, vided with anti-ventilation fences at 6” June, 2003 and sailed as a conventional to improve performance in conditions increments along both inboard and out- trimaran for the rest of that year, using with large side forces, and to allow the board segments of each foil. I removed the longer amas, a daggerboard, and the boat to fly sufficiently high above the them after observing flow separation smaller rig. It performed reasonably well water with the desired foil span. It also originating from them on a number of oc- in this mode, for a boat of this size, but provides exceptional stability in pitch. casions. The boat sails much better with- was somewhat hampered by design com- out them. promises made with the foils in mind (small ama volume, low crossbeam The boat is assembled and rigged on the beach or at the water’s edge. It must be clearance, etc.). anchored in deeper water to deploy the foils. The visible scars on the foil sur- faces are the result of removing the anti-ventilation fences. Lake Elsinore, Au- By early in the next year, I had gust 24, 2006. (Photo by Terry Curtiss) completed the foils. Broomstick flew successfully on its third outing (May 10, 2004), reaching an estimated speed of about 18 knots and fulfilling a dream that I had had for many years. Shortly after that, however, a serious illness in the family was diagnosed, and I was not able to find time to sail for almost 1 and 1/2 years. During that time, though, I was able to build the smaller set of amas and put together the larger rig.
At this point in time (October, 2007), I have more time to devote to the project, but have still only sailed with the foils a total of about 20 times. Several of these days had too little wind, and there
Continued on Next Page
Page 14 IHS First Quarter 2008 BROOMSTICK (Continued From Previous Page ) were problems with the main-foil attach- ments and the aft-foil controls on several of the other days. I am gradually over- coming these problems and the boat’s performance is improving steadily.
This year, I have been using a Velocitek S10 (GPS speedometer) to log performance data (speed, heading, etc.) and, on several outings, I have been ac- companied by a friend and professional photographer (Terry Curtiss), who has taken literally hundreds of photos each day. Synchronizing the clocks on the camera and the Velocitek S10 helps me determine not just how fast the boat was going at any instant, but also how the boat was set up, how high and at what pitch and heel angles it was flying, and At sub-foiling speeds (semi-displacement mode), the foils partially lift the main much other useful information. hull and provide enough righting moment to keep the amas out of the water. The boat can be very fast in this mode. There is no sudden change when the main hull totally clears the water. Lake Perris, June 4, 2007. (Photo by Terry Curtiss)
BROOMSTICK PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS Top speed measured so far on a reach is 20.6 knots, with a best 10-second Overall Length 15 feet (Main Hull) average of 20.2 knots. I am more uncer- Length of Amas 11 feet (Longer Set) tain about performance to windward at 7 feet (Shorter Set) Overall Beam this stage, but I believe the boat has ex- 17 feet (Between Ends of the Cross Beams) ceeded the true wind speed at a heading 13 feet - 8 inches (Between Vertices of the Vee Foils) of about 60 degrees from the true wind. Total Sail Area 108 sq. ft. (Smaller Rig) The performance described above 140 sq. ft. (Larger Rig) was achieved in winds of about 15 knots, Total Weight using the larger rig. I expect (and hope) 200 lbs (Without Crew) to achieve much higher speeds in stron- 350lbs(WithCrew) ger winds, probably using the smaller Main Foils rig. I would like at least to exceed half the Dihedral 60 degrees current World Speed Record. Chord 6 inches Span 22.5 inches (Horizontal Projection at Bottom of Hull) Any major improvements in Depth 19.5 inches (Below Bottom of Hull) reaching speed and windward ability (in Section NACA 0012 (Approximately) the windier conditions that I am most in- Fin at Bottom of Main Foils terested in) probably will require signifi- Chord 6 inches cant reductions in aerodynamic drag and Span 6 inches increases in righting moment. My Veloc- Aft Foil ity Prediction Code (VPP) indicates that Chord 6 inches Span 24 inches Continued on Next Page
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 15 BROOMSTICK (Continued From Previous Page ) reductions in drag of the foils would be of less importance, at this point.
Possible aerodynamic improve- ments might include:
• Reducing parasite drag (streamlined crossbeams, internal halyards, more attention to detail, etc.)
• Eliminating the amas. This may be feasible on reaching legs (in speed tri- als, for example), but I wouldn’t want to try it on windward legs
• Adopting a more modern conven- tional rig (square-top sail, carbon-fi- ber mast, newer sail materials, etc.)
• Adopting a more radical rig, possibly Sailing with the smaller rig. The wishboom rig imparts lower bending forces a large-chord wing mast. Full-chord to the main hull and makes it easier to get under the sail when tacking and wing sails are ruled out by my desire jibing, but jib luff-tension is not adequate. A newer version of this rig, to be to focus on the foils, to keep expenses completed soon, will have the mast extended and will use a conventional down, and to be able to rig and unrig it boom. Lake Elsinore, August 1, 2006.(Photo by Terry Curtiss) myself
Righting moment is a key factor in the design of any high-speed sailboat. Broomstick obtains its righting moment in a conventional way:
• Crew weight is positioned far out to windward
• Heeling increases the area (and hence lift) of the leeward foil and decreases the area of the windward foil
Possible increases in righting mo- ment might include:
• Using a trapeze to move the crew weight farther to windward. This will require me to improve my sailing technique, since I already feel like I have too many lines and too few hands Broomstick at close to 20 knots (in spite of dangling lines and poor jib trim). Continued on Next Page Lake Perris, July 12, 2007. (Photo by Terry Curtiss)
Page 16 IHS First Quarter 2009 BROOMSTICK (Continued From Previous Page ) • Adding a second crew. This may be beneficial in stronger winds (though cramped), but would seriously limit the foiling possibilities should the wind drop
• Allowing the crossbeam assembly to twist, so that the windward foil can generate some negative lift. I believe that I can arrange things so that this happens automatically, when needed, (Above) It is obviously possible to capsize BROOMSTICK. This happened the without any active input while sailing first time out with the larger rig and the smaller amas. The winds were the strongest I've sailed in yet (estimated at 25 knots). I was just luffing and try- • Setting the windward foil at a negative ing to untangle some lines, when a gust hit and over I went. At low speeds, incidence, by manual means, to pro- the foils do not provide much righting moment, so the boat is especially vul- duce negative lift. This could be done most easily in speed trials, where the nerable. Fortunately, it is very easy to right, even without outside help. The boat only has to sail well on one tack small amas displace only a fraction of the boat's weight, so it floats with the main hull in the water, rather than 8' up, and the mast lies parallel to the sur- Of course, increased righting mo- face, with no tendency for the boat to turn turtle. Windage of the ama and ment means higher loads on the struc- trampoline act as a weathervane, causing the boat to rotate into the wind ture. Until I get more experience sailing within a couple of minutes, at which point, my weight is sufficient to right the on the foils and more confidence in the boat. Lake Perris, November 15, 2005. (Photo by Terry Curtiss) structure, I am reluctant to use any of these methods to increase righting mo- ment. I am already breaking too many things! (Below) No serious crashes have occurred while the boat was foiling. This minor crash was caused by a slipped or bent main foil attachment. The foil I would never claim that hydro- brackets & crossbeam tubes are not very streamlined, so they stop the boat foils are the perfect kind of boats for ev- very quickly when they hit the water (even at very low speeds). Lake Perris, eryone (there are way too many practical June 4, 2007. (Photo by Terry Curtiss) problems), or that Broomstick is the per- fect hydrofoil sailboat (several others are currently performing much better). I hope to be able to report on significant increases in performance in the near fu- ture, but for me, with my own interests, capabilities, and limitations, this has al- ready been the perfect project. Continued on Next Page
IHS First Quarter 2008 Page 17 BROOMSTICK HIGH FLYER (Continued From Previous Page ) (By David Jackson )
The incidence of the aft foil has been controlled by an up/down control wire for the rudder blade. This is what happens when the wire breaks and the rudder kicks up all the way. Later, a similar incident cracked the rudder & tore off the aft foil. A redesigned rudder and aft-foil control system is nearing completion at this time. Lake Perris, June 20, 2007. (Photo by Terry Curtiss) I recently began getting interested in high speed sailing again after many (Below) IHS is grateful to Yoichi Takahashi, who is an active and regular BBS years of only sailing lead bottomed boats participant in the Models section. Below are photos of his most recent R/C (J24s) and Lasers etc. I thought IHS hydrofoil model. It is a 1:40 replica of CALCIHAS, a Boeing 929-115 Jetfoil members would be interested in a crude plying the waters of Hong Kong for the Turbojet Co. The model can be seen hydrofoil I built in Grammar School in in action at http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=gasturvin 1972 - 1973 after reading an article in Yachts and Yachting by James Grogono (Icarus). It was mostly built of scavanged materials (I was poor). It was tested on the River Severn in Shrewsbury UK and sailed on Clywedog Lake, Wales. I made the mistake of steering from the front (like an Ice Boat) believing I could not afford the drag of rudders, etc. Next time I will know differently. It towed to full foils at less than 5 knots (the speedo on the power baot didn't register). In the photo it is out running a Boston Whaler at full throttle. After the 4th sailing trial I broke off the front foil and crashed. It was never really put back together. I went off to be a Chemical Engineer. Now 30 odd years later it might well be time to do Mark 2! [Have you visited the IHS BBS lately? This is a typical posting. Please visit early and often! Get there from www.foils.org - Editor]
Page 18 IHS First Quarter 2008 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA
Editor: John R. Meyer Second Quarter 2008 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm USTICA LINES FLEET SUSTAINING MEMBERS CONTINUES TO GROW
From Fast Ferry International, November 2007
The growth of Ustica Lines during the past decade has been spec- tacular. Established in 1993, the company operated its first ser- vices the following summer on two very long routes, Naples- Ustica-Favignana-Trapani and Trapani-Pantelleria-Kelibla (Tunisia), with a Rodriquez RHS 160F hydrofoil leased from SNAV. Two years later, Ustica Lines acquired its first vessel, Rodriquez RHS 140 Spargi, to operate a subsidized service between Lampedusa and Linosa. Services between Trapani and the Egadi Islands were intro- duced in 1996, when two Rodriquez RHS 160s were purchased and the company also took delivery of its first new construction, a ______Rodriquez Foilmaster hydrofoil. YOUR 2008 IHS DUES ARE DUE A move into construction came in 1997 with Ustica Lines’ purchase of a 33% holding in Rodriquez Cantieri Navali. The shares were sub- sequently sold in 2000 and 2004. See Full Announcement on Page 2
INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column ------p. 2 - Welcome New Members ------p. 2 - Fast Cargo Carriers ------p. 4 - Flight of AQUILA ------p. 5 Rodriquez Foilmaster Hydrofoil Ettore M, One of Six - Nuclear Power? ------p. 7 Operated by Ustica Lines - YOUTUBE for Hydrofoilers -p. 9
See Ustica Lines, Page 3 - Sailor’s Page ------p. 10 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS
PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Donald L. Blount, P.E. – Don founded Donald L. Blount and Asso- To All IHS Members tential for US Army Advanced Afloat ciates, Inc. (DLBA), a Naval Archi- Forward Staging Base missions. It is tecture and Marine Engineering ince the close of 2007, we have planned that a copy of the presenta- design office in 1988. The company Shad 10 new members added to the tion will appear on the IHS website, provides marine design, engineering, Society’s roles. This is a fairly so be on the lookout for it. and consulting services for high- good number, but I would like to see speed special-purpose commercial, more additions. So …. All members During this past Quarter, High Cali- military, and recreational craft for do- are asked to encourage your col- ber Solutions had started work on mestic and international clients. leagues to join. putting together the opening for the Noteworthy vessels include the 68m YOUR 2008 DUES ARE DUE Newsite, mentioned Please remember, DESTRIERO, which holds the IHS Membership options are: in the last Newslet- non-refueled Atlantic crossing record you can view the US$20 for 1 year, $38 for 2 ter. However, per- Membership List (a with an average speed of 53.1 knots years, and $54 for 3 years. Stu- sonnel changes at and the 41m GT/MY FORTUNA for new one was gener- dent membership is still only HCS has brought ated in January, the King of Spain, having a speed of US$10. For payment of regular progress to a halt. 68+ knots. 2008) by logging membership dues by credit HCS has promised onto the IHS card using PAYPAL, please go that there will be Don served as Head of the Depart- website and put in to the IHS Membership page someone else as- ment of the Navy’s, Combatant Craft the proper pass- at
Page 2 IHS Second Quarter 2008 USTICA LINES Lines’ first fast ferry fitted out to Express 48, which were built in 2001 (Continued From Page 1 ) carry both passengers and cars. and 1998 respectively.
In 1999, a second Foilmaster entered Ustica Lines’ acquisition of SNAVs Although the six Foilmasters and sin- service. Subsidized services between Sicily services in May 2004 had a gle WaveMaster 38m monohull are Marsala and the Egadi Islands were dramatic impact on the company’s the only newbuildings introduced to introduced in 2000 and two Rodriquez passenger figures and annual income. date by Ustica Lines, five of the RHS 160Fs were added to the fleet. The number of passengers increased Flying Cat 40m catamarans acquired to 1,552,320 in 2005 and 1,576,240 in from other operators are HSC vessels Ustica Lines’ first catamarans, two 2006, annual income increased to and had an average age of less than Kvaerner Fjellstrand Flying Cat 40m Euros28,786,000 in 2005 and six years when they entered service in vessels, arrived in Trapani in 2001 and Euros34,133,000 in 2006. Sicily. a third Foilmaster entered service. The following year, two more Flying Cats Not all Ustica Lines’ services have were purchased and at the end of In 2007 another Rodriquez Foilmas- been based in Sicily. In the summer of 2002, the company started operating ter, Gigliola M, has entered service 2001, the company established a joint subsidized services from Trapani to and a Paradis Nautica Austal 42m venture, Trieste Lines, and trans- the Egadi Islands and Pantelleria. catamaran has been both bought and ferred one of its RHS 160s to the sold. The acquisition of the catama- northern Adriatic to operate between Four more fast ferries, two Kvaerner ran, from Tide Sjo, was speculative Croatia and Italy. Fjellstrand Flying Cat 40m catama- and the vessel was sold to an operator rans, a Foilmaster hydrofoil and a in Spain during its delivery voyage Ustica Lines Fast Ferry Fleet con- WaveMaster 38m monohull, entered from Norway. sists of: service in 2003 and at the end of that Hydrofoils year, subsidized services to the In July 2007, Ustica Lines returned to 7 Rodriquez RHS 160F Pelagie Islands were introduced. Tunisia with a fast ferry service. For two months, three return crossings 6 Rodriquez Foilmasters In 2004, Ustica Lines sold RHS 140 were operated each week between 2 Rodriquez RHS 160 Spari to another Sicilian operator, Mazara del Vallo, Pantelleria and Catamarans who also leased one of the RHS 160s Sousse. 7 Kvaerner Fjellstrand Flying Cat for the summer. However, five more 40m RHS 160Fs, two Kvaerner Fjellstrand Ustica Lines currently owns 25 fast 1 Fjellstrand 38.8m catamaran Flying Cat 40m catamarans and one ferries, the largest fleet in the Euro- 1 Austal Auto Express 48 Fjellstrand 38.8m catamaran were pean Union. Thirteen have been built transferred to Ustica Lines when it since 1996 to IMO HSC require- Monohull purchased the SNAV vessels operat- ments, the largest number in any EU 1 WaveMaster 38m ing in the Eolie Islands and took over operator’s fleet. Several other routes in Sicily have the company’s contract with Before the purchase of the eight ves- Regionale Sicilia. been operated on a trial basis and in sels from SNAV, Ustica Lines’ fleet July 2006, one of the Flying Cat 40m Another Kvaerner Fjellstrand Flying comprised five DSC hydrofoils and catamarans was briefly deployed to Cat 40m was purchased, from an Al- nine HSC vessels that had an average Cyprus, initially to evacuate foreign banian operator, in 2005, when the age of less than 3.5 years. nationals from Beirut and then to op- former SNAV fleet was refitted. Two erate a scheduled service between vessels were re-engined and diesels in The company has since introduced Larnaca and Beirut on behalf of the the others were overhauled. Two more two more Foilmasters as well as the United Nations. vessels were acquired in 2006, a Albanian Kvaerner Fjelistrand Rodriquez Foilmaster and an Austal Flying Cat 40m and the Austal Auto Auto Express 48 catamaran, Ustica **********
IHS Second Quarter 2008 Page 3 MORE INCENTIVES WILL LAUNCH FAST much better seakeeping than smaller generator. Under consideration is the CARGO CARRIERS versions. As far as cargo goes there possibility of including Hull and is 450 lane metres of space for Sheerness as British ports on the From Ferry Technology, Decem- trucks. route but the aim is to provide a regu- ber/January 2007/8 lar, reliable service that can over- Trimaran versions of fast ferries are come long miles of road travel and serious challengers to big catama- by Dag Pike deliver cargoes at speeds that cannot rans, and here the main focus comes be achieved by road. iable designs are ready but from cargo-only craft where the tri- Vthe market still lacks induce- maran seems to come into its own. For this project, the French design ment to commission such rad- Fast cargo is still a relatively new team of BGV - which can stand for ical vessels. arena for high speed and with con- Bureau Giles Vaton,alternatively for Carrying cargo at high speed has al- tainer ships now commonly achiev- Batcau dc Grand Vitesse - has come ways been a challenge. Weight and ing service speeds of 25 knots, the up with the concept of a 160m trima- speed arc not happy partners and requirement for dedicated fast cargo ran design that would have 1,365 when the Japanese set out many has to find specialist routes. lane metres of cargo space for trucks, enough for up to 94 trailers. years ago to develop their One proposal in the USA is for large Techno-Superliner with the ability to pentamaran vessels to operate on This ship would have a range of 990 carry 1,000 tonnes of cargo for 1,000 East Coast routes to relieve traffic nautical miles so it almost meets the miles at 50 knots they maybe did not problems on land. Here we are talk- Japanese criteria but operational fully appreciate the obstacles. They ing about a major step forward in speed is only around 33 knots so it finally came close to achieving their size, with 300m-long hulls com- falls well short on that score. Never- target in 2005 with their latest and bined with a speed of 42 knots and theless, this speed is adequate for largest version, an SES type of craft - deadweights of 6,500 tonnes. This overnight runs on the proposed route Super Liner Ogasawara - but the Sea Bridge proposal (designed by and a focus on economy as well as economics did not match up, espe- BMT Nigel Gee) would require ma- speed makes the operation viable. cially with today’s sky-high fuel jor investment and commitment but prices. there are hopes of government fund- ing to move the project along. In Now the technology for such a Norway, RollsRoyce has a fast dream ship is possibly moving for- monohull design and Aker Brevik its ward. The delivery of Natchan Rera, Steelcat, all ready to slot into the Eu- first of Incat’s 112m wave-piercers, ropean Union’s Motorways of the at least meets the 1,000 tonnes of Sea vision. 300m Sea Bridge Pentamaran cargo criteria, but the speed here is a In Europe there are new proposals more economic 40 knots. The ferry for a cargo route from Norway to The 300m Sea Bridge pentamaran has 36MW of power provided by France with a focus on the transport could operate on US East Coast four MAN diesel engines, and this of fish to Boulogne as the main cargo routes to relieve traffic problems on size of catamaran is claimed to have land.
To enhance this economy, the pro- posed BGV vessel, like the Sea Bridge and other plans, would oper- ate on heavy fuel oil compatible en- gines. Clearly, it would need to burn low sulphur qualities to ensure com- BGV’s 160 m Trimaran Continued on Next Page
Page 4 IHS Second Quarter 2008 FAST CARGO CARRIERS FLIGHT OF THE AQUILA titanium locking bolts for both port (Continued From Previous Page ) and starboard aft strut locks were sheared, causing the aft foil to swing pliance with the new SECAs in the By CAPT Michael Schwartz, USN up during the impact. This acted as a English Channel and North Sea. (Ret), IHS Member, and RADM William Landay, USN large sea anchor, causing both strut It is claimed that, by using heavy fuel actuators to be ripped from the hull. oil, fuel costs can be reduced by up to SS Aquila (PHM 4) was the The impact of these forces could be 40 per cent compared with normal Ufourth ship in the U.S. Navy’s seen as bent longitudinal stiffeners high or medium speed engines burn- Pegasus class hydrofoil craft, between frames 25-33 and bent trans- ing diesel oil. The power units pro- commissioned in June 1982 and de- verse frames at frames 26-27. Ma- posed are two 21,600kW MAN commissioned in July 1993. The ship chinery was pulled out of alignment, medium speed models. These served with distinction, operating as were the struts and foils. The 18-cylinder units are heavy com- from her homeport at the Trumbo abrupt stop resulted in several crew pared with the competition, but Point Annex, Naval Air Station, Key injuries, and left the ship motionless weight is not so critical with the dis- West, Florida. Some may remember for hours, struggling to control dam- placement hull form of a trimaran. that the ship was the center of one of age and flooding in shark infested wa- This design has a deadweight of the most interesting repair availabili- ters. Through the superb efforts of the 2,490 tonnes compared with 1,450 ties ever conducted, following an un- Aquila crew in an all hands damage tonnes for the large Incat design. As likely and devastating encounter with control effort, the ship was rapidly with most fast ferry designs, propul- a whale on the high seas. The follow- stabilized, the injured crewmembers sion would be by means of waterjets. ing is a brief historical account of that treated and prepared for transfer off period, which would have the ship the ship and the ship slowly started The BGV trimaran design has a long and her crew away from their back toward the rescue vessels that slim and efficient hull form, and homeport for the better part of a year. were enroute to assist. above the waterline the center hull widens out to allow a two-deck Aquila displaced 255 tons fully The Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Con- stowage arrangement. This in turn loaded, with a length of 133 feet, and version and Repair, Jacksonville, allows a twin stern ramp layout for beam of 28 feet. Designed with an Florida was responsible for planning speedy turn-around times. The pro- aluminum hull, the ship had retract- the repairs, and in consultation with posed construction is in high tensile able stainless steel struts and foils. the builder, Boeing Marine Systems, steel. So here we have a design that The ship was capable of hullborne developed a repair package for the uses steel construction, heavy fuel speeds of 12 knots, powered by 2 damaged hydrofoil. The contract for oil-burning engines and brings fast Mercedes-Benz marine diesel en- work was awarded to Jacksonville ferry design closer to conventional gines. Foilborne, the ship reached Shipyards Inc, in Jacksonville, ship systems than the more exotic speeds greater than 40 knots, pow- Florida. The damaged vessel had to aluminium and higher speed engines ered by a General Electric LM2500 be drydocked in such a way that the of some of the competition. gas turbine and a waterjet propulsor. struts and foils could be fully ex- Designed for high speed and mobil- tended and retracted to verify critical When it comes to fast cargo there ity, the ships were a dream to operate alignments. To do this, a massive have been several proposals for ves- in foilborne flight. cribbing structure of concrete, steel sels based mainly around trimaran and wood was erected on the quay In the summer of 1992, while operat- design although both Austral and wall atop a steel bed plate designed to ing independently in foilborne flight, Incat have developed catamaran distribute the weight. Aderrick barge the ship struck a surfacing whale. concepts. The several designs on the from Bisso Marine was brought in to The forward foil initially glanced off table for high-speed cargo certainly lift the ship in its docking cradles, and the whale, but the aft foil impacted di- look viable, but it does seem that in- place it atop the beefy cribbing struc- rectly, which caused a shock wave to centives - whether it is down to eco- ture. The structure itself not only had nomics, politics or viable routes - for ripple through the hull, and brought the ship crashing into the water. The the launch of such services are still Continued on Next Page lacking.
IHS Second Quarter 2008 Page 5 AQUILA The design and fabrication strategy completion of the overhaul was opti- (Continued From Previous Page ) for the struts and foils was based on cally verifying angle of incidence of fatigue and flaw growth criteria, the foils when compared to the hull. to be sturdy enough to support the rather than those for static loads, so a ship and the movement of the struts comprehensive non-destructive test Despite all of the challenges, the re- and foils, but had to be able to survive and inspection plan was developed to pair was a success and Aquila flew hurricane force winds. monitor the condition of components again during sea trials, which were and critical welds. An internal in- The Drydocking Selected Restricted conducted in the Jacksonville spection of critical welds was also Availability (DSRA) began 21 Octo- OPAREA 4-7 May 1992. The ship prescribed, because designers ex- ber 1991, and was scheduled to com- and crew returned once again to their pected weld failures to begin at the plete 13 March 1992, though actual homeport in Key West where they root of the weld and work their way completion date was 8 May 1992. were active members of the Navy’s outward. Critical work included replacement hydrofoil squadron until its eventual of damaged longitudinal and trans- The original struts and foils were op- decommissioning. verse stiffeners and hull plating, a erated without a paint system, which MAPC UPDATE thorough inspection and reassembly led to severe surface pitting. This of the struts and foils, including con- condition was given a great deal of at- trol flaps, control linkages, galvanic tention during the early years of oper- APC has renewed its Sus- isolation, trunnion pins, down locks ation, and was ultimately mitigated Mtaining Membership in the IHS and the bow doors. An engineering by applying a paint system. The for 2008. MAPC President, change to improve support of the DSRAon Aquila afforded the first op- Mark Rice, provided an update of the foilborne propulsor was also accom- portunity to perform a complete in- Company’s activities. plished. A particularly challenging spection on strut and foil critical Under IR&D, Maritime Applied aspect of the repair was the decision welds. In addition to ultrasonic test- Physics Corporation (MAPC) has de- not to repair the twist in the hull aft of ing (UT), x-rays were taken on the aft signed and is currently building a the trunnion pins caused by the forces strut welds, where the majority of the 40-foot “Common Unmanned Sur- of the collision, but rather to realign UT indications were observed. The face Vessel” that has been purchased the gas turbine, propulsor and associ- results showed signs of incomplete by the AAI Division of TEXTRON ated equipment to the existing hull weld penetration during the fabrica- Corporation. Through a team that in- shape. tion process, but no signs of fatigue cludes Caterpillar, Chesapeake Sci- The stainless steel struts and foils cracking. This conclusion was cor- roborated by a visual inspection of a ences, Raytheon, and AAI, MAPC were designed for 770 hours of flight hopes to offer the Navy a USV prod- per year during a 15-year service life. section of fabrication weld cut out during repair of uct that contains the lessons learned the damaged port from its earlier Unmanned Sea Sur- strut. It was con- face Vehicle(USSV) program and the cluded that the six Small Business Innovative Re- struts and foils search projects that the Company has showed no signs received for Unmanned Surface Ve- of fatigue, and hicle components. that further UT MAPC is teamed with L-3 Corpora- inspections could tion to pursue fleet transition be used as part of of its 38-foot hybrid submersible un- a routine test and der a SBIR contract. Also under an inspection pro- SBIR, they designed and are building gram, to monitor 1/20th scale models of an aggregated USS AQUILA - Photograph Used With Permission of for signs of fa- Bisso Marine Co., Inc. tigue. Critical to Continued on Next Page
Page 6 IHS Second Quarter 2008 MAPC UPDATE DO YOU REMEMBER? RISING FUEL COSTS COULD GET THE (Continued From Previous Page ) NUCLEAR BALL ROLLING By John R. Meyer sealift ship that consists of four 500 From Ferry Technology. October/ foot segments for testing in the Naval ow about Sea Legs? Some “ole November 2007 Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Htimers” may have vivid memo- by Dag Pike Division basin. MAPC recently won ries of this little boat that set the a SBIR to develop a USV refueling US Navy on a new course. For the oing ‘green’ on a larger scale system and are nearing completion on younger members of the IHS, they Gcould pave the way for nu- SBIRs for a towed influence sweep should know something about our clear-fueled passenger ships, power supply for a USV, and a UAV heritage. but who will be the owner brave launch and recovery system for a enough to plunge for this option? USV. During the early 1950s, the naval ar- chitectural firm of Gibbs and Cox of Increasing pressure is being placed New York had assembled with U. S. on passenger ship operators of all The Company continues production Navy support, a technical team for sizes to become ‘green’. Much has al- work on two DDG1000 projects and the design of a versatile hydrofoil test ready been achieved: modern diesel are proceeding with the production of craft. It was built by Bath Iron Works engines offer minimum fuel con- the second watercraft launch and re- and aptly named BIW. The craft, 20 sumptions and exhaust pollution; covery system for the General Dy- feet long with a 5-foot beam, dis- many ships today also have highly namics Littoral Combat Ship. MAPC placed about 1800 pounds and had a advanced waste treatment plants, and is in discussions with two municipali- 22-hp outboard engine. BIW was in some sectors the use of wind and ties regarding the delivery of 149- successful in testing different foil ar- solar power is being promoted. At the passenger hydrofoils for commercial rangements, different control same time, research is well underway service. They recently completed ini- schemes including manual, mechani- into the last taboo, a nuclear-powered tial testing of a 60’ x 30’ tethered cal and electronic, and different passenger ship option. aerostat that will be used to generate height sensors used in the control Previously, hydrogen as a fuel was electricity from wind power. Under system. The most important outcome considered, and reports now circulate MAPC’s land vehicles group, they of this work was the potential for an of another planned use of hydrogen have designed new offroad drivetrain electro-hydraulic autopilot and the on a passenger ship in Iceland. This components that they hope to offer decision to design and build SEA involves the 130gt Elding, which is commercially and have designed an LEGS. currently undergoing conversion at a aluminum very low ground pressure In 1954 Sutton and Browne under- reported cost of US$600,000. Elding trailer for use on Alaska’s North is used mainly on whale watching ex- slope. Also, the Company continues took the modification of a Chris Craft hull. A foil system was added and peditions, and the conversion will not work for Northrop Grumman on the only allow the ship to have a zero car- VIRGINIA Class program. The tran- propulsion system changes were made. An electronic autopilot stabili- bon footprint but the hydrogen will sition of MAPC from an engineering make for smoother running engines, company to a prototype company and zation system, developed by the Draper Laboratory at the Massachu- so there will be less vibration to dis- to a company that now has five pro- turb wildlife. duction programs has enabled the setts Institute of Technology, was in- Continued on Next Page growth in staff and facilities to take on stalled to control the larger projects. MAPC’s employee fully-submerged foil system. This electronic autopilot contained 160 owned company has a strong backlog Interested in hydrofoil history, and is looking forward to maintaining vacuum tubes! Remember them? A signal input to control the flying pioneers, photographs? Visit the its growth in the coming years. MAPC history and photo gallery pages President, Mark Rice, hopes to make height of SEA LEGS was obtained from a bow-mounted sonic height of the IHS website. commercial hydrofoils a core part of http://www.foils.org this business growth. Continued on Page 12
IHS Second Quarter 2008 Page 7 NUCLEAR BALL ROLLING ways heavily subsidized (the German point of view is that the designers (Continued From Previous Page ) Otto Hahn and Japan’s Mutsu were claim that units as small as 1,000kW others; Russian nuclear icebreakers can be viable and that larger versions Although much focus on ‘green’tech- have also been used on cruise voyages up to 50MW are practical. This nology is aimed at larger ships, atten- to the North Pole). Today, with fuel oil means that the whole spectrum of tion is also being directed at the prices rising again, the era of the nu- passenger-ship power requirements smaller end of the market. For exam- clear powered passenger ship could could be met. ple, the specification for the latest San be moving closer. Francisco ferries demands that at Whilst the basic fuels required for a least one auxiliary generator is a fuel In South Africa (and separately in The nuclear plant are increasing in price, cell or similar green’ machine. Netherlands under the Nereus pro- they are not rising as rapidly as those ject), the pebble bed modular reactor for oil so fuel costs are likely to re- A diesel-electric river cruise ship in (PBMR) is being promoted as a com- main low. Adams Atomic Engines, the USA operating as a floating class- pact power plant that could eventually which is proposing this concept, sug- room on the Ohio River has also gone become shipborne. PBMR is close to gests that capital costs would not be ‘green’. Here the green factor is that realising a commercial land generat- much higher than comparable gas tur- its diesel-alternators operate on ing system that could pave the way for bine machinery. This would have the bio-fuels. Provision has been made to a marine version. advantage that, once working, an allow the future connection to the atomic ship would have no fuel costs plant of solar panels, fuel cells and The PBMR system uses helium gas to for many years. wind turbines. transfer heat from the reactor to drive a gas turbine. In the Weight saving would also be possible USA the Adams since no large oil fuel tanks would be Atomic Engines sys- needed, and Adams claims that nu- tem is being promoted clear ship economics are now becom- as a potential power ing viable. In terms of a ‘green’ ship, source for both large there are no emissions to contend and small ships. This with, so this could be the ultimate design uses a reactor ‘green machine’. Nevertheless, the cooled by nitrogen difficult question of spent fuel dis- gas. This gas exits posal remains, and the even more from the reactor in a frightening potential for plant radia- heated state and is tion leak - which is why nuclear pow- used to drive a gas tur- ered ships sometimes meet with protestors in ports. The spent fuel as- Adams Atomic Engine Concept bine. Gas is cooled af- ter leaving the turbine pect has been a problem for nuclear and passed once more through the re- power stations on land but is sched- For larger passenger ships, the actor so that the whole system oper- uled to be solved before long, claims long-term future could well lie with ates on a closed circuit. Adams. atomic power. At least two projects under development are aimed at mak- This is claimed to be a proven con- From a technical point of view, the ing this fuel a viable marine power cept, but interesting from a marine nuclear option looks to be feasible in source. the near future. The question is, who Disclaimer will be the ship owner brave enough Nuclear power has been used for na- to take the plunge? Almost certainly, val ships for many years, but they do IHS chooses articles and any new nuclear-powered passenger not have to operate to normal eco- photos for potential interest to IHS ship will need government support nomic standards. The US cargo (and members, but does not endorse and it would be unlikely - initially at nominally passenger) ship Savannah products or necessarily agree with least - that the ship would be engaged was the first civil vessel but was al- the authors’ opinions or claims. on international passenger trades.
Page 8 IHS Second Quarter 2008 YOUTUBE FOR HYDROFOILERS turing engineer to breath new life mixing and posting. Posting clips to- into this marvelous machine. Also gether will create a synergism stimu- shown is footage of this hydrofoil lating public interest. By Ray Vellinga, IHS Member runabout built by Grumman. ome of our members can be seen RUSSIAN VOLGA Human powered Hydrofoils are flying their hydrofoils in six new S Dwight Filley’s passion. He has de- videos recently posted on signed and built one or two new mod- By Jeffrey Phipps (IHS Member) Youtube. To see them, go to els every year for the last ten years youtube.com and search for IHSIHS that we have been associated. Here am the proud owner of a Volga (unfortunately “IHS” was taken). in San Diego, we have a group of six I#109 I believe. I was driving down interstate 75 in Sarasota at dusk, After doing the Youtube search you like-minded hydrofoil aficionados. and there in the bushes was a Russian can view the fast flying OU-32 in rare Much of our time is spent at lunch hydrofoil!!! I stopped the pickup, footage provided by its creator, talking about designing these fun backed up, went over the wall and Kotaro Horiuchi. This incredible machines, but as this video shows, into the bushes where the boat and boat was built by Horiuchi-san when we build and fly some as well. One of trailer was lodged with minimal he was in charge of Yamaha Motor the current goals is to create a craft damage to the craft and a phone num- Company’s Research and Develop- that can fly for long periods under the ber on it. The guy on the other end of ment Department. It has a water jet power of a weekend bicycle-riding the line asked if I was the highway and carries two riders at 40 mph. It athlete. Our mutual friend we call patrol and when I said I was just “in- balances on two struts and banks 45 “Dr. Goodfoil” holds the informal re- terested” in hydrofoils he asked “do degrees. If you purchase his book, cord of 26 minutes continuous flight. you want that @%#&&#$*^ thing”. “Locus of a Boat Designer”, a DVD I paid him more than his original esti- is included that shows more of his No demonstration of hydrofoils mate, it was owned by a Swedish guy, creations, and the book shows how would be complete without at least and this fellow was just running it be- he created them. one video of a surfboard that flies, at tween the paint shop and the trailer least in my opinion. At Youtube, TALARIA IV, Harry Larson’s fa- shop. I went to Barrys’ trailers in IHSIHS, you get two. My High mous flying 24’ Bayliner, is shown Sarasota. Five grand brought it here Flying Banana, AKA, Hifybe can be levitating around Vashon Island, to Tallahassee and a mechanic did a seen first struggling into the air and Washington. I took those photos beautiful overhaul of the upholstery, later flying smoothly. Like not judg- while my wife tried to get our 28’wa- dash, lower end, engine. ing a book by its cover, Hifybe is best ter-bound Bayliner to catch up with judged by what is below the surface. Luckily, I know that there are two Harry. The fully-submerged foils are happy days in a boat owners life, so I roll controlled with an in-house de- Over 15,000 web surfers viewed keep it in a shed with a cover over her signed autopilot. The height control these videos in January and February, and just work instead. Her name is uses a mechanical system, and soon the early months on the web, and mo- Kite Ship after a company I was in- Harry plans to unveil an improved mentum is rapidly growing. There is volved with which created the autopilot that will control both roll a lot of public interest in hydrofoil outleader kite for sailing, a la sky and flying height. boats. sails that is now pulling ships out of Scott Smith’s piloting skills and re- If any members have raw video or Europe. My next project along these furbishing talent stand out while he film clips that they would like dis- lines is to fashion a hydrofoil that I demonstrates his 1958 Dynafoil two played on the internet, get them to me can use my gymballed keel kite mast person hydrofoil. Over 500 Dyna- at: [email protected] (put “hydro- on and go very fast, but that is for an- foils were built in Orange County, foil” in the subject line) or send film, other day. California, and only a small percent- disk or cassette to me at 7910 age of these are now accounted for. Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 5, La Jolla, ********* Scott was lucky to find this one and CA 92037 and I will do the clipping, used his knowledge as a manufac-
IHS Second Quarter 2008 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE THE ULTIMATE SAILING CRAFT - A lent of Formula 1 racing or as a form posed waters. The wing is able to ad- WING BORNE HYDROFOIL (WBHF) of recreational ‘extreme sport’. just to the optimal angle relative to the wind via servo tabs. Although the number of years ago we pre- DESIGN craft incorporates design features to sented some of the history of A self-correct and stabilise should it be speed sailing in the IHS News- The design was inspired after a disturbed, there will be provision for letter including a brief review of fresh look at the basic principles of the quick release of the wing in case some of the hydrofoil sailing craft sailing and examination of the abso- of an emergency situation. which had achieved sailing speed re- lute limits to high performance sail- cords. ing. There is renewed interest in breaking This craft is intended to fly more like the outright speed sailing record, a plane than sail like a boat. The hull which is currently held by Finian is supported and propelled by a wing Maynard who achieved 48.7 knots on sail inclined and offset to one side as his wind surfer in April 2005. shown in Figure 1 & 2. The wing pulls the hull up to fly smoothly just At least three speed sailing projects above the waves while a hydrofoil as- are at various stages of development sembly provides lateral resistance to or trials in Australia. One such pro- counteract the sail force as well as ject is the Wing Borne Hydrofoil generating additional lift. The craft (WBHF) conceptualised and devel- has been designed to sail at more than oped theoretically by Mr. Stephen twice the wind speed. It is expected Bourn, a mathematician and scientist that in light to moderate winds, with Figure 2: Rendering of WBHF with the Defence Science and Tech- the hull still in the water, the WBHF showing the components of the nology Organisation in Adelaide, will be just as fast but easier and safer craft. Image courtesy University Australia. to sail than the quickest existing of Adelaide. Although radio control model testing boats, because of its inherent stability and self-righting properties. The hull, designed to support either of the concept had already been un- one or two people, is lifted out of the dertaken previously, work com- water when the craft achieves suffi- menced in 2007 on the detailed cient speed in 10-15 knots of wind, design and manufacture of a full scale thus eliminating a significant source prototype of a WBHF to Stephen’s of drag, and accelerating the craft to design as a mechanical engineering considerably high speeds. undergraduate student project at the University of Adelaide. This will be ongoing in 2008. Supervisors for the The craft is intended to employ sev- project are A/Prof. Ben Cazzolato, eral control systems to ensure stabil- Stephen Bourn and Dr Carl Howard. ity once flight is achieved and also Figure 1: Rendered images of the provide pilot control. Given these WBHF illustrating its configura- After proving the concept, the inten- unique characteristics, it is believed tion when sailing. Image courtesy tion is to attempt to break the world the WBHF has the potential to chal- of Stephen Bourn. sailing speed record and ultimately lenge several sailing records includ- achieve the goal of 54 knots (100 ing the bi-directional nautical mile km/h). Thereafter, commercial pro- Unlike many dedicated speed sailing craft, the WBHF has the ability to sailing speed record and ultimately duction may be undertaken to satisfy the world sailing speed record. demand for such high performance tack and sail in all directions, in a range of wind conditions and in ex- sail craft for either the sailing equiva- Continued on Next Page
Page 10 IHS Second Quarter 2008 THE ULTIMATE SAILING CRAFT - A construction, launch WING BORNE HYDROFOIL (WBHF) the craft and test and (Continued From Previous Page) tune the control sys- The craft can be carried on a trailer, tems. Specific tasks in and should be able to be rigged 2008 will include: quickly and be launched from a - design and construc- beach. The wing will be collapsible. tion of the twin joy- Main dimensions and weight for the stick control inputs craft are: and power supply, Hull length 3.6 m - program, test and tune the hydrofoil Wing span 8.0 m control (including Figure 4: The students display the progress made towing trials), on the hydrofoil assembly for the craft. Photo Wing area 16 m2 courtesy University of Adelaide Hydrofoil span 0.9 m - design and build hy- Width 5.5 m drofoils capable of operating at 50 knots Weight 75 kg free of cavitation, and Ballast 30 kg - review the aerofoil design and if neces- CONSTRUCTION sary develop design The craft is being constructed with modifications for op- extensive use of carbon fibre compos- eration at 50 knots. ite sandwich materials using vacuum Further details of this resin infusion techniques to ensure interesting project in- high strength and minimum weight. Figure 3: Adelaide University mechanical engi- cluding a detailed re- Over the 2007-2008 summer, work neering students display the composite hull be- port are available at was underway on various compo- hind a scale model of the craft. Photo courtesy the University of nents of the craft. After initial diffi- University of Adelaide. Adelaide School of culties achieving satisfactory resin Mechanical Engineering’s WBHF - review and complete the aerofoil de- infusion of the curved tubes for the website: sign and construction, cage connecting the hull to the main http//www.mecheng.adelaide.edu.au/ beam, a good technique was devel- - program, test and tune the aerofoil robotics/robotics_pro- oped and all four cage tubes are now control (including captive carriage jects.php?wpage_id=44&ti- ready for fitting to the hull. One hy- trials), tle=43&browsebytitle=1 with dro stabiliser foil has been success- further details at the wing-borne hy- fully moulded, with the second one drofoil website: currently in progress. The remaining - test and tune the complete craft www.wingbornehydrofoil.com work on the hull, main beam, bearings (starting with towed trials and finally which contains a technical paper con- and outrigger float is yet to be under- independent operation), taining the sailing performance analy- taken. The hull and foil assembly are sis for the craft. The designer, Stephen seen in Figure 3 and 4. Bourn, can be contacted via e-mail: - design and build a canopy for the sbourn@ wingbornehydrofoil.com The goals of the 2008 student project cockpit and fairings for the main will be to complete the design and beam interconnecting the float, hull and wing assembly,
IHS Second Quarter 2008 Page 11 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS DO YOU REMEMBER SEA LEGS? During the latter part of 1957 and (Continued From Page 2) (Continued From Page 7) early 1958 the craft continued its demonstration flights for Navy and Aaron Eckert - Aaron has a B.S. sensor. This device provided a con- civilian visitors in the New York Degree in Aerospace Engineering tinuous measurement of the distance area. from the University of Maryland, between the bow and the water sur- 2006. He is employed by Maritime face. The original design of SEA It was in June of 1958 that the Chief Applied Physics Corp. (MAPC) as an LEGS called for about an 8,000 of Naval Operations, Admiral Aerospace Engineer with a variety of pound displacement, but the weight Arleigh Burke approved a demon- experience in the design and opera- grew to 10,550 lbs. stration trip to the Washington, DC tion of Ground, Air, and Sea vehicles. area. Arrange- ments His background includes extensive were made to have SEA testing of Unmanned Air Vehicle LEGS escorted by a Navy aerodynamics and propulsion. His torpedo boat, the PT-812. design experience includes design of The craft got underway an unmanned semi-submersible that for Cape May, New Jer- offers endurance on the order of sey on 15 July 1958. After weeks and is capable of being air stopping over night and dropped. In addition he worked on refueling, SEA LEGS the design of an Unmanned Ground proceeded through the Vehiclefeaturing low weight, moder- Delaware Canal to the ate payload capacity, and high maxi- Navy’s small boat facility mum speeds. He has performed SEA LEGS Underway on the Severn River in extensive work in the automotive and The foils were made of aluminum Annapolis, Maryland heavy equipment fields with a focus and arranged in a canard configura- where it and the PT boat arrived on on engines and transmissions. tion with about 30 % of the lift on the the afternoon of 16 July, 1958. forward foil and the remainder on the To be Continued in the Next Issue larger aft foil. Each foil had a trailing Andrew Hall – Andrew graduated edge flap that was hydraulically actu- NEW BENEFIT with a Bachelor’s degree in Naval ated. Architecture/Marine Engineering IHS provides a free link from from the University of New Orleans the IHS website to members’ per- (UNO) in the Spring of 2003. Since SEA LEGS made its first flight in sonal and/or corporate site. To re- then, he has worked at Keel Design, 1957 and demonstrated its excellent quest your link, contact William Inc. in New Orleans and, post-Ka- seakeeping performance in rough White, IHS Home Page Editor at [email protected] trina, at MAPC in Baltimore, MD. water up to speeds of 27 knots. He has been involved in small vessel and model testing design work in ad- dition to larger vessel work that has IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS ranged from day to day operations to significant structural modifications. 2005-2008 2006-2009 2007-2010 Joel Billingsley Mark R. Bebar Sumi Arima IHS OFFICERS 2007 - 2008 John Meyer President Jerry Gore Dennis Clark John R. Meyer Mark Bebar Vice President John Monk William Hockberger Joel Roberts
George Jenkins Treasurer Kenneth Spaulding George Jenkins William White Ken Spaulding Secretary
Page 12 IHS Second Quarter 2008 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA
Editor: John R. Meyer Third Quarter 2008 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm ARIES Hydrofoil Museum SUSTAINING MEMBERS Update By Eliot James, IHS Member
While The USS Aries Hydrofoil Memorial Inc. organization has had its 501c3 tax exempt status for several years, we were in a probation- ary period for the first 5 years of organizations status. We have past the probationary period and review by the IRS and can breath easier about our status. We have always known that the ARIES (previously USS ARIES) needs a proper home, somewhere that appreciates naval museums and has traffic that would make the museum financially feasible. Over the past several years, we have been working on getting ARIES back into sailing shape, albeit slowly. We are close at this point, and have since been working on putting together more exhibits that com- ______plement the ARIES. It is our intention to put together a proposal and start circulating it to cities that may be interested in such a museum. YOUR 2008 IHS DUES ARE DUE
See Full Announcement on Page 2
INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column...... p.2 - Foil Assisted Design...... p.3 - Cat for Tenn Aquarium... p.4 - Hydrofoil U-Tube Update . . p. 5 - Hong Kong-Macau Traffic . p. 6
ARIES Parked in St. Louis on Way to its New Home in Brunswick - Link Aqua Trainer ...... p.7 See ARIES Memorial, Page 3 - Sailor’s Page...... p.10 IHS PARTICIPATES IN ASNE PRESIDENT’S COLUMN DAY 2008 Public Relations Chairman, Joel Billingsley (IHS and Board of Di- To All IHS Members have dropped off quite a bit. So …. rectors Member), had made arrange- Terence Orme, owner of High Point, All members are asked to encourage ments for the IHS to participate at no has informed us that the High Point your colleagues to join. Please make cost in ASNE Day on 23-24 June at Website is Up and Running. Log them aware of the IHS website and the Hyatt in Crystal City, Arlington, onto (www.usshighpoint.com). the features regarding membership. VA . Terry feels that it’s a little bare bones I want to remind you that you can The exhibit area opened on Sunday, right now but hopefully it will give view the Membership List (a new one 22 June, to set up booths. Dennis us a greater chance to reach out to was just generated) by logging onto Clark and Frank Horn had volun- more Veterans in the original Hy- the IHS website and put in the proper teered to staff the booth. drofoil Program. He has plans now password. All IHS members have to move the ship to Cathlamet. He been informed of this password. If had the first High Point reunion on you have been missed, please contact July 18 attended by the webmaster YOUR 2008 DUES ARE DUE Sumi Arima, his (webmaster IHS Membership options are: wife and several @foils.org). It is US$20 for 1 year, $38 for 2 Hydrofoil Volun- advisable for all to years, and $54 for 3 years. Stu- teers. check the informa- dent membership is still only tion on the List. If it IHS Members in the US$10. For payment of regular is incorrect, please Washington, DC membership dues by credit send changes to: Shown here is IHS Vice President, area were fortunate card using PAYPAL, please go Steve Chorney: Mark Bebar, who stopped by the to be able to attend a to the IHS Membership page schorney booth and Dennis Clark who Joint Meeting of the at
Page 2 IHS Third Quarter 2008 ARIES MUSEUM nificantly reduce the amount of NEW FOIL ASSISTED DESIGN FOLLOWS (Continued From Page 1) work in restoring drive components. TRICAT TRIALS IN HONG KONG As for hullborne propulsion, we (From Fast Ferry International, Our hydrofoil fleet has been grow- only need a pair of outboards with an March 2008) ing, and now includes ARIES, 3 economical fuel usage rate. Dynafoils, a Waterspyder, and Pres- We believe that by bringing our hy- The two principals of Ad Hoc Ma- ident Nixon’s Volga (see article on drofoils to flying status, we will not rine Designs, Nigel Warren and page 9). We are hoping to add only make a more interesting mu- John Kecsmar, have joined forces FRESH-1 to our fleet and could use seum, but could generate signifi- with Dr Gunther Migeotte (IHS any help anyone can give in that en- cantly more interest by flying our Member) of Icarus Designs to pro- deavor. We are not focused on static displays to different locations, wa- duce a fast ferry design that offers displays, but hydrofoils that fly, terfront festivities, boat shows, the same performance as existing while we lack an ACS and LM2500 other marine museums where we vessels but significantly reduced for ARIES, we have our other hy- would be visiting exhibits. We could fuel consumption by using foils. drofoils flying. work with companies and universi- Nigel Warren and John Kecsmar ties as test beds for ex- were previously part of the design periments in advanced team at FBM Marine in the United marine vehicles. Kingdom. Dr Migeotte was previ- Our goal is not to just ously technical manager of Unistel, preserve history, but to a South African company owned by foster new ideals and Stellenbosch University. concepts and offer a In the summer of 2006, Unistel con- working representation ducted a series of sea trials in Hong of what has been up to Kong on one of TurboJet’s FBM now, the state of the art Marine TriCat 45m catamarans, in marine transporta- Universal MK 2005, that had been tion. fitted with foils. What we need is a ARIES on the Missouri River in Brunswick The aim was to increase service place where this project speed without increasing power. FRESH-1 was at the time of the sale can grow. We are look- The concept uses foils that lift the to her current owner, in flying con- ing for dockage of at least 200 feet of hulls sufficiently far enough out of dition. The years have been hard on dock space accompanied by shore the water to significantly reduce her, but the damage is not irrevers- side areas large enough for storage, overall resistance. ible, or out of our technical capabil- maintenance, and ongoing restora- ity. Like ARIES, FRESH-1 has all tion of the exhibits. The shore side Unistel has installed similar foil sys- the custom parts that made her building area would also provide tems on smaller vessel all over the unique, but unlike ARIES, space for interaction with the public. world with amazing success. How- FRESH-1 has her engine. An ACS ever, the challenge for the larger would still have to be fabricated, but TriCat pushed the envelope of the We are open to examining any loca- given today’s technology, a new known technical knowledge further. digital control would be easier and tion. We want what would make the cheaper than restoring the old one. most sense for the museum. Any The foils were designed and built to One nice thing about FRESH-1 is help anyone in the IHS or Historical Det Norske Veritas Class, including the use of jet propulsion. There are Naval Ship Association (HNSA) or 100 tonne impact with baulks of tim- no additional drives, transmissions, any other organization or individual ber. or water propulsors. This will sig- can give would be greatly appreci- ated. Continued on Next Page
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 3 TRICAT ever, the trials provided Dr using diesel power, and a service (Continued From Previous Page Migeotte with enough data to col- speed of 42-43 knots. laborate with Ad Hoc Marine De- The fuel consumption saving is 30% compared to a similar 300 passenger fast ferry operating at the same speed. All data is correlated to the original TriCat and its performance. Other benefits of the foil system are a reduction in vertical accelerations (ride control is integrated into the fore and aft foils) and lower wash characteristics.
AAM BUILDING CATAMARAN FOR TENNESSEE AQUARIUM FBM Marine TriCat 45m Catamaran Universal MK 2005 During Trials of the Foil System in 2007. (From Fast Ferry International, Jan-Feb 2008) signs to refine the concept. Trial Results All American Marine is building a Teknicraft Design 20m foil assisted An increase in speed of 5 knots at New Design catamaran at its Bellingham, Wash- less power was achieved on Univer- The resulting new hull design elim- ington, yard for the Tennessee Aquar- sal MK 2005 before ventilation of inates the possibility of ventilation ium in Chattanooga. the waterjets prevented trials at the of the waterjets. Whereas the origi- normal service rating of the gas tur- nal TriCat hull form was optimised The builder reports, “The Aquarium bine engines. Conversely, fuel con- for a waterline length of 40m and a is located along the banks of the Ten- sumption at 40 knots was reduced displacement of 200 tonnes, foil as- nessee River and is a major attraction, by 20%. sistance allows the hull form to be featuring an IMAX theatre, fresh and optimised for saltwater aquarium exhibits, and around half this river tours. displacement and is, conse- quently, very narrow whilst keeping the im- mersion of the Rendering of Tennessee Aquarium waterjets the Foil Assisted Catamaran same as on the original TriCat “The catamaran is designed and be- The Aft Foil Installation on Universal MK 2005. The design. ing constructed according to US Hulls are not an Ideal Match to Utilise the Full Coast Guard subchapter T require- Benefits of the Foil ments. The lifting effect produced by The design of the the Teknicraft hydrofoil and signa- All the predictions from model tests hull and the foils is integrated ture hull shape will cause the vessel to were met up until the ventilation of whereas of course adding foils to an draft less than a foot of water [0.3m] the waterjets occurred at 45 knots, existing design can only be a com- as the vessel cruises its 24 mile route which could not be adequately pre- promise. The new design, based up and down the river. upon the original TriCat, has an ex- dicted from the model tests. How- Continued on Next Page pected maximum speed of 46 knots,
Page 4 IHS Third Quarter 2008 FOIL ASSISTED CATAMARAN some others to design, build and fly a marans to Calypso Charters in Port (Continued From Previous Page ) hydrofoil boat. To document the ac- Douglas, Queensland, since 2004. complishments of you and the other Tennessee Aquarium has ordered a video contributors, and my goal re- CMCS managing director Paul Teknicraft Design 20m foil assisted mains to be in print by the end of the Birgan reports, “The vessel will use catamaran year. the latest foil technology from Murray Burns & Dovell coupled with Foil Assisted Catamaran Particulars: The hydrofoil videos now on Seafury surface drives to give a sub- Length 19.8m Youtube are: stantial increase in speed and fuel Beam 7.2m economy over conventional propul- 1. OU-32, Yamaha’s experimental Speed 43 knots sion systems.” Passengers: 70 jet powered boat designed by Main engines 4 x Caterpillar; Kotaro Horiuchi. C18ACERT; 650 kW at 2,200 rpm 2. Talaria IV, the 32’ flying Bayliner Waterjets: 4 x Hamilton HJ 403 by Harry Larsen. 3. Hifybe, motorized hydrofoil “The catamaran will comfortably seat wind-surfer board, by Ray Vellinga. 70 passengers and will whisk them Two videos. through the Tennessee Gorge. The 4. HYSWAS, Quest created by Mar- vessel features angled seating so each itime Applied Physics Corp and the New Wave Catamarans is Build- passenger can easily see out the win- Naval Surface Warfare Center. Two ing a CMCS Foilcat 15 Foil dows or through overhead sky panes. videos. Assisted Catamaran Views of the gorge can also be en- 5. The Human powered hydrofoils FOIL ASSISTED CATAMARAN RETURNS joyed from the upper observation of Dwight Filley and friends. TO SERVICE IN CARIBBEAN deck with 360 degree unobstructed 6. Dyna-foil and the Grumman hy- viewing potential. An onboard kiosk drofoil runabout owned and photo- From Fast Ferry International is being crafted to offer guests re- graphed by Scott Smith. April 2008 freshments.” 7. Foilborne, the story of US Navy hydrofoil Development provided by Anew company has been established HYDROFOIL YOUTUBE UPDATE John Meyer. in the Netherlands Antilles to operate 22.5m foil assisted catamaran Sea By Ray Vallinga, IHS Member I plan to do another short video in re- Shuttle I. The vessel returned to ser- sponse to inquiries received. It will vice in February between St Maarten Because of contributions of many be an explanation of what a hydrofoil and St Barths in the French West In- people, the hydrofoil videos posted is and what makes it fly. dies. on Youtube are enjoying success. In the beginning of May the total num- As before, Sea Shuttle I is being mar- ber of viewings for all 6 videos DIVE BOAT OPERATOR ORDERS FOIL keted under the Rapid Explorer reached 50,000. My goals continue ASSISTED CATAMARAN brand. The new operating company, to be: Om Express, has been set up by Ray- From Fast Ferry International mond Kalley, the London based busi- To promote hydrofoils, and to de- April 2008 nessman who owns the vessel. velop some ”buzz” with the general public. To measure the public’s in- Calypso Charters has ordered a Since last September, Sea Shuttle I terest in watercraft that fly. To judge CMCS Sea Speed Design 15m foil and its main engines have been over- the potential market for my book, assisted catamaran from New Wave hauled and a generator and key “Hydrofoils, design, build and fly”. Catamarans in Brisbane. waterjet components have been re- placed. To establish some credibility for the book and its author, and eventually The diveboat will be the smallest of sell some books. Possibly inspire four delivered by New Wave Cata- Continued on Next Page
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 5 FOIL ASSISTED CAT 2006. Traffic on the Airport route in- months of 2007 and in a presentation (Continued From Previous Page ) creased by 34.9% but the number of last September to the 3rd Fast Ferry passengers carried, 441,000, was still Information Conference, New World relatively small. First Ferry general manager John Hui said that his company was now carry- The total number of services operated ing more than 3.72 million passengers on the Hong Kong-Central-Macau, each year. Hong Kong Tsim Sha Tsui-Macau and Hong Kong-Airport-Macau Another record year for Hong routes increased by 9.8% in 2007 to Kong-Macau traffic is anticipated in Rapid Explorer Services are 89,040 crossings. Although the Ma- 2008. It should certainly be a record Again Operating in the rine Department issues separate fig- year for the number of services oper- West Indies ures for Hong Kong and Airport ated - Venetian Marketing Services passengers and for the number of cat- has taken delivery of five Austal 48m The Rapid Explorer operating base amaran and hydrofoil services, it pub- catamarans and another five are due on St Maarten has been transferred lishes a single figure for all Macau to arrive in Hong Kong by August; from Philipsburg to Oyster Pond. ferry services at the Hong Kong New World First Ferry will be intro- Raymond Kalley explains that al- Macau terminal in Central, the Hong ducing another two Austal 47.5m cat- though this is further from the airport, Kong China terminal in Tsim Sha amarans this summer, and a fourth the road journey is faster, 25 minutes Tsui and the Hong Kong Airport ter- operator on the route, Giant Dragon compared with up to 2 hours. In addi- minal. Sea Transport, is scheduled to take tion, the ferry route is shorter and Sea delivery of four Shuttle I can comfortably complete Marinteknik 65m cat- the crossing in 40 minutes. amarans between Two return journeys a day have ini- May and September. tially been scheduled. These leave St How long will it be Maarten at 0830 and 1700 and St before Shun Tak or- Barths at 0930 and 1800, except on ders new catama- Sunday when the first departures are rans? retimed to 0930 and 1030. Venetian Marketing Services will be tak- ANOTHER RECORD YEAR FOR HONG ing delivery of an- KONG-MACAU TRAFFIC other four Austal From Fast Ferry International TurboJet operates from the Hong 48m catamarans in 2009 and is likely April 2008 Kong-Macau and Airport terminals to place orders for more ferries in the and New World First Ferry from the near future. The company says that a The latest annual figures released Hong Kong China terminal. For ten Hong Kong Airport-Macau route is by the Hong Kong Marine Depart- days at the end of 2007, CKS Passen- “coming soon”. ment reveal that, as expected, 2007 ger Shipping was also operating be- was another record year for ferry tween the Hong Kong-Macau Mainland Routes traffic between Hong Kong and terminal and Macau on behalf of Ve- During 2007, ferry services were op- Macau. The total of 16,861,000 pas- netian Marketing Services/Cotal Jet. erated between Hong Kong and 12 lo- sengers that traveled last year was cations in Mainland China. Six routes 17.5 % higher than in 2006. The Marine Department does not is- sue traffic figures for the individual have been discontinued in recent When passengers traveling between operators either. However, Shun Tak years but the situation now appears to Hong Kong Airport and Macau are Holdings’latest interim report reveals have stabilized. A total of 6,739,000 included, the total for 2007 increases that its TurboJet division carried over to 17,302,000, 17.9% higher than in 6 million passengers in the first six Continued on Next Page
Page 6 IHS Third Quarter 2008 HONG KONG-MACAU TRAFFIC and produced in large numbers, Clayton, NY, in the Thousand Islands (Continued From Previous Page ) known as the “Blue Box” and also as region of the St. Lawrence River on the “Link Trainer”. These were used the northern border of NY State. passengers were carried, an increase extensively during and beyond WWII of 4.0% compared with 2006. Five as pilot training aids.. Link Trainers Edwin Albert Link was born in Hun- routes suffered falls in traffic. were mounted on a stationary base tington, Indiana in 1904. Link was a however could roll, pitch and yaw. pioneer in aviation, underwater ar- The most popular route, by far, con- chaeology, and ocean engineering. tinued to be Jiuzhou (Zhuhai)-Hong The Aqua Trainer was a variant of the Kong, which carried 2,061,000 pas- flight simulator that Ed Link designed On occasion Link flew an amphibious sengers in 2007, an increase of 13.1 plane, and this is apparently what %. Zhuhai is just over the border started him thinking about from Macau. the need for a simulator to simulate landing on water. Five routes were operated between The prototype Link Aqua Hong Kong Airport and Mainland Trainer was built in a China, one more than in 2006. The Ganonoque plant and tested new route, between Jiuzhou (Zhuhai) on the St. Lawrence River and the Airport, was operated for just [see photo on p. 8]. under six months but had an insignifi- cant impact on total ferry traffic pass- Although the Aqua Trainer ing through the Airport. hadn’t been accepted by the Navy, was never developed LINK AQUA TRAINER to a completely practical stage and remained tricky to In April this year, IHS received an in- operate, it was none the less a triguing email message from Emmett remarkable device. It was Smith which commenced: “I am able to rise up out of the wa- writing from the Antique Boat Mu- ter, responding to the pilots seum (ABM) in Clayton, NY, a Overall View of the Aqua Trainer control movements of its controls and incorporated non-profit museum for the preserva- specifically for training pilots to land several new concepts. tion of North American pleasure seaplanes on water. While the proto- craft. We have a very unusual artifact type was built in 1941 and thereafter The Aqua Trainer is essentially a short in our collection which I have real- successfully demonstrated, it was ized uses hydrofoil technology.” airplane-like fuselage supported by never put into production. two pontoons when stationary. The fuselage is perched on top of a single Emmett, the Collections Assistant at The prototype Aqua Trainer was do- tall strut which extends down into the the museum, was keen to gain feed- nated to the Antique Boat Museum by water. At the base of this strut is essen- back from IHS about this item and its Ed Link in 1972. While no longer on tially an ‘underwater airplane’. The place in the history of hydrofoil tech- public display, the Aqua Trainer for- engine, positioned low to provide sta- nology. In a series of messages there- tunately remains well preserved at the after, he provided us with further museum. The museum is located in Continued on Next Page details of the craft, known as the “Aqua Trainer” as well as a number Disclaimer of photographs of it in operation and Interested in hydrofoil history, in its present state. IHS chooses articles and pioneers, photographs? Visit the photos for potential interest to IHS history and photo gallery pages In 1929 Edwin Albert Link designed members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. a prototype flight simulator which products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org was subsequently further developed the authors’ opinions or claims.
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 7 LINK AQUA TRAINER ured the design in the same way as an DESTRIERO PRESENTATION (Continued From Previous Page ) airplane, simply scaled to operate in a denser fluid. The controls would As mentioned in the Presidents Col- bility, is encased in a streamlined steel have had essentially the same effect umn, IHS Members in the Washing- pod. The engine drives a forward as the controls on an airplane except ton, DC area attended a Joint Meeting mounted marine propeller via what that the control surfaces and of the IHS and the SNAME SD-5 appears to be pulleys and multiple propulsor were completely sub- Panel on 18 June. The presentation drive belts. The gasoline engine merged, hence control forces were was about Destriero by Don Blount, adopted for the trainer was an Ameri- hydrodynamic rather than aerody- President, Donald L. Blount and As- can Bantam four-cylinder flathead namic. marine conversion. sociates, Inc., Chesapeake, VA. Don When stationary or operating at low reminded us that in 1992 Destriero,a A pair of hydrofoils project from ei- speed, the craft was supported by the 68-meter 1100 metric ton gas turbine ther side of the top of the engine pod combined buoyancy of the pair of powered motor yacht, set a trans- At- and are braced with struts. Attached pontoon floats, the centerline strut lantic speed record. She traveled the to the rear of the engine housing are a and engine housing. As speed was 3106 nautical miles at an average pair of support struts for a rudder, hor- built up, lift generated by the hydro- speed of 53.09 knots. In her final 24 izontal stabilizer and elevator. Con- foils supported a greater portion of hours she covered 1402 nautical miles trol surfaces include the rudder, the weight until the pontoons were (average speed 58.42 knots), another elevator and a pair of ailerons forming completely free of the water. record that still stands. Destriero re- the tips of the main supporting hydro- mains a very impressive ship today, ir- foil ‘wings’. These appear to have Perhaps the fact that Link was an avi- respective of technology advances been controlled manually by the ‘pi- ator, and not engaged in the field of since she was built. In fact, the lot’in the cockpit using a joystick and Naval Architecture, account for why hullform of LCS 1 is derived from rudder pedals. his ideas did not directly spread to the Destriero’s. hydrofoil field, but were only independently adopted much The presentation covered the complete later when the US Navy began development of Destriero through to seriously investigate fully construction, and on to the record At- submerged hydrofoil concepts. lantic crossing. All releasable mate- rial was in the two issues of ProBoat Further descriptions of Edwin about Destriero and the magazine Link and his Link Trainer de- publisher gave written permission for velopments can be found on the IHS to list their web site so that mem- Wikipedia at http://en. bers could access archive issues. wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Train er Even though the Aqua trainer is not on display on the Here is the information to their web site: www.proboat-digital.com Aqua Trainer Underway Foilborne. Museum campus, it is in “view- able storage.” Click on “archives” at the top of the The underwater controls would un- home page. Go to issue October/No- If any IHS members are aware of any doubtedly have been configured in an vember 2007 for Part One of the arti- further details of the history of this effort to simulate the feeling and con- cle. At the bottom of the page, click craft, or have further comments on trols of an airplane. The fluid dynam- on “Developing Destriero”. Go to is- the place of the Aqua Trainer in the ics of the water would make it sue December/January 2007 for Part history of hydrofoil technology, your possible to mimic airborne operation Two of the article. Above the maga- newsletter editor and Emmett would much more effectively than the zine cover, click on next page to Fea- be delighted to hear from you. land-based Link Trainers did as they ture articles (contents) and click on Emmett can be contacted at: sat on the floor. It therefore makes page “50” Record Run. [email protected] sense that Link would have config-
Page 8 IHS Third Quarter 2008 HAYATE TO FLY AGAIN cording to Mr. Takahashi, “The sub- In November 1972, the White House merged body is complete and united staff decided that this boat could best HAYATE, a 17.1m, 1/6 scale demon- with the lower hull section by the be used in the general service of the stration test ship for the Japanese port and starboard struts at the main federal government at the Coast Ministry of Transport’s Techno wing aft and the V-strut forward. The Guard Station in Miami, Florida, Super Liner development program, complex mechanical controls are which then provided water security was built by Kawasaki Heavy Indus- built into the submerged body. Un- and water transportation for the presi- tries Ltd and tested on Osaka Bay in derneath the submerged body is the dential retreat at Key Biscayne. It re- 1994 to evaluate the viability of intake for the water jet propulsion mained in the Miami area until HYSWAS (Hydrofoil Small- Water- system. A duct conducts the water February 1977, when the Coast plane-Area Ship) as a candidate for from the intake, through the sub- Guard reported it to the General Ser- the TSL hull design. HYSWAS is a merged body and up into the lower vices Administration (GSA) as being hybrid hull design that combines foil hull. It took a lot of time to build in excess to their needs. lift with partial buoyant support, and this penetration type duct.” was extensively explored by the USN. Visit the IHS BBS to see Mr. Today, HAYATE is on static display at Takahashi’s on-going progress re- Kobe Maritime Museum, having ports. Also, visit and search for served her intended purpose. But this “gasturvin” to see impressive videos innovative craft’s story does not end of Mr. Takahashi’s Jetfoil model in there. HAYATE will soon fly again in action. The 1:40 scale model repre- the form of a Radio Controlled R/C) sents CACILHAS, a Jetfoil 929- The Volga Being Accepted model now under construction by 115-018 built by Boeing in 1981 and in the U.S. expert craftsman Yoichi Takahashi. operated by Hong Kong’s TurboJET, The construction in progress is illus- the world’s largest Jetfoil service GSA’s Property Utilization and Do- trated here with sample photos from company. nation Branch then authorized the Mr. Takahashi’s progress reports transfer of the boat to the Fish and HISTORY OF THE HYDROFOIL GIVEN TO posted on the IHS BBS bulletin Wildlife Service, with initial utiliza- PRESIDENT NIXON board ( from the main IHS webpage). tion in Louisiana, but the service lo- cation was changed in June 1977 and From history as received from the boat was brought to the Washing- NARA, National Archives and Re- ton, D.C. area for use in security and cords Administration surveillance work by an unspecified federal security agency. The hydro- Provided by Eliot James, IHS Mem- foil remained in the Washington area ber until February 3, 1982, when GSA In May 1972, President Richard authorized the Fish and Wildlife Ser- Yoichi Takahashi’s HAYATE Model Nixon paid a head of state visit to the vice to dispose of it by donation to the Soviet Union, during which he pre- Nebraska Agency for Surplus Prop- None of HAYATE’s drawings or de- sented a modified Cadillac sedan to erty. sign details are available to the pub- General Secretary Leonid I. Brezh- In 2005, the USS Aries Hydrofoil lic, so Mr. Takahashi took nev, on behalf of the United States. museum acquired President Nixon’s photographs at the Kobe Maritime Some three months later, in August, a Volga and began restoring the craft. Museum, then used them to create reciprocal gift from General Secre- She has been returned to the original and tweak a CAD drawing until the tary Brezhnev arrived on board a Rus- paint scheme and undergone engine details for his model were perfect for sian merchant vessel at the port of work. Currently she is operational his R© model. Construction is well Baltimore. The gift was a high-speed and flies very well. underway at time of publication. Ac- hydrofoil boat, Soviet Model 70.
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE
FOILER MOTH UPDATE The centre case has been repositioned John concludes: “The development FROM FASTACRAFT and the design now also incorporates game goes on, still lots more to a fully adjustable centreboard allow- come”. By John Ilett ing the angle of incidence of the main [The editor recently contacted John foil to be changed from race to race for an update of activities at using a pin stop arrangement. Setting Fastacraft. Here is his reply.] “We are still making as many [foiler] moths as possible, five at time now Close Up of New Centerboard Ad- but still have lead times of over six justment “F box” Mechanism months”. Allowing Adjustment of Main Foil Angle of Attack Over a Range of 3 Degrees Using Securing Pins. Further information regarding the foiler moths produced by Fastacraft can be found on their website (www.fastacraft.com) though, with the pace of production, the website does not yet report on these latest de- Looking Down on Prowler Zero. sign developments.. The position of Centre Case and WOT ROCKET SPEED New Centerboard Adjustment SAILING CHALLENGER “F box” Mechanism are Apparent in this Photo. In the previous Newsletter, we re- ported on the Wing Borne Hydrofoil options are either +1, 0, -1 or -2 de- (WBHF) speed sailing project. An- grees where zero is the standard posi- other project aiming to break the out- tion. John calls the adjustment right sailing speed record which is Prowler Zero Foiler Moth Being mechanism the “F box”. Prepared for Sailing on the currently underway in Australia is Swan River, Perth the Wot Rocket. An official website The “Prowler” moth design has un- New vertical strut sections have been for this team, www.wotrocket.com, dergone a makeover since the last adopted to reduced drag and increase has since been established. Abrief re- world championships in Italy with flying height. port on this project is provided here the introduction of number of design based on information from the changes. In the process it also has website. For more details and latest A new flapless rudder design and been give a new name and is now call progress with the project, visit the tiller adjusting mechanisms have also the “Prowler Zero”. website. been adopted to further reduce drag The hull for the “Prowler Zero” is and improve flying height control. The Idea much the same design as the Four years ago, Sydney based skiff “Prowler” except that it has 75mm Fastacraft can now also supply their and keel boat sailor Sean Langman less freeboard at the bow. This saves own new sails which are intended to conceived an idea that could finally on weight where every gram makes a be more suited for medium weight difference to race performance. The sailors. stern height remains the same. Continued on Next Page
Page 10 IHS Third Quarter 2008 break the windsurfing fraternity’s dynamic twin crew compartment to them the freedom to make their re- stronghold on the world speed sailing the hull. The craft is built entirely cord attempts on water that is not at record. Langman joined forces with from carbon fibre and weighs ap- all smooth. Furthermore, the efficient leading Australia based yacht de- proximately 400 kg. wing sail and hydrofoils means Wot signer Andy Dovell and had the craft Rocket should only require 18-20 built using the staff and facilities at The foils have 15 degrees of move- knots of wind, a fraction of the 45-50 his various Noakes Boat & Shipyards ment each but only a few degrees will and finally teamed up with be used at speed. The front foil will Wotif.com founder Graeme Wood provide lift, just enough to keep the foil in the water by around half a metre, while the aft foil will provide pitch and steering control. One of the foils is shown in the video on the offi- cial website. Overall View with Canoe Hull and Solid Sail Visible Behind In a task split, co-pilot Martin Crew Pod. Crew Pod. Thompson will be in the back seat controlling the foil pitch, while pilot knot winds that sail boarders have re- who invested in the project because Sean Langman will be up front steer- quired, to achieve their speed re- he “likes left of field ideas”. ing and controlling the mainsheet and cords. Built to break through the 50 knot trimming the sail. Trials and Record Attempt barrier, the purpose built Wot Rocket Crew have air canisters to allow 10 is a cross between previous world minutes to get out in case of emer- sailing speed record holder, ‘Yellow On-water trials commenced on Bot- gency. The crew will wear full body any Bay in Sydney Australia during Pages Endevour’, a foiling Interna- harnesses, similar to those in F1 off- tional Moth and a sailplane. May 2008 followed by design refine- shore powerboats. ment work including re-shaping and New with the Wot Rocket design is The Current Record balancing of the rudder to improve the introduction of supercavitation at steering control. lower speeds where control can still The current World Sailing Speed Re- be maintained and from there to push cord of 49.09 knots was set by French The first attempt to sail Wot Rocket through to top speeds. sail boarder Antoine Albeau in up on its hydrofoils was abandoned March 2008. earlier in July when the breeze The Design reached the high twenties. Earlier, in 1993 Simon McKeon and Wot Rocket consists of a nine metre his team with their boat ‘Yellow Wot Rocket’s notice of intention to long canoe style hull with two tiny Pages Endeavour’ set the outright re- make an attempt on the 500m world foils, each about a sixth of the size of cord of 46.52 knots in only around 20 speed sailing record has now been a Moth foil and a nine metre rigid sail. knots of wind. This record stood until lodged with the World Sailing Speed A transverse beam connects an aero- 2004 since when sailboards have Record Council in the UK. August held the record. The Yellow Pages has been nominated as the period for team have continued to push to re- an official attempt to break the 500m claim the record aiming for 50 knots. world speed sailing record to coin- Their new craft, ‘Macquarie Innova- cide with the winter westerlies that tion’ has reached 47 knots, but it re- traditionally prevail. A Trimble GPS quires the winds to be from a receiver will be used to record their particular direction when sailing at a speed, and two WSSRC representa- dedicated location in Australia to en- tives will be on standby for 28 days, View Showing Single Crossbeam sure smooth water. The Wot Rocket the window allocated for an official Connecting Crew Pod to Hull team believes their foils will deliver attempt, to ratify the attempts.
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 11 DO YOU REMEMBER SEA LEGS Naval Gun Factory in the afternoon 3 Congressmen, 17 Admirals, 3 Ma- (Continued From Second after an uneventful trip down the rine Corps Generals, 3 Assistant Sec- Quarter 2008 NL) Chesapeake Bay and up the Potomac retaries, and numerous other River. The Naval Operations, ADM important civilian and military per- After stopping over night and refuel- Arleigh Burke, along with a host of sonnel for a total of 375. This was an ing, SEA LEGS proceeded through other high-level Navy dignitaries. It impressive accomplishment and one the Delaware Canal to the Navy’s was recalled that 15 or 20 minutes be- that had a significant impact on the small boat facility on the Severn fore the CNO party was due to arrive, Navy’s future course of action in the River in Annapolis, Maryland where the autopilot “blew a tube” on the hydrofoil arena. it and the PT boat arrived on the after- warm-up run and SEA LEGS crash noon of 16 July. During the landed. One of the crew managed to In 1962 and 1963 SEA LEGS under- open-ocean portion of the trip the fix the system in the nick of time just went a more detailed evaluation by boats experienced waves up to 4 or 5 before the Admiral arrived! the David Taylor Model Basin, more feet, but SEA LEGS was able to This was undoubtedly one of SEA recently known as the Naval Surface maintain an average of 23 knots. It LEGS’ most important demonstra- Warfare Center, Carderock Division. clearly demonstrated to the partici- tions. It lasted about an hour and 15 The craft was extensively instru- pants the superior seakeeping capa- minutes, during which time all of the mented to provide at-sea data for fu- bilities of this hydrofoil. The dry and VIPs took a turn at the helm, and had ture hydrofoil designs. This marked comfortable ride they experienced the satisfaction of flying a hydrofoil. the beginning of the change from would be impossible to duplicate on a The trip to Mount Vernon and back when hydrofoils were carried out on a comparably sized conventional craft. was completed without a hitch to ev- “cut-and-try” basis to a more scien- The conditions during this part of the eryone’s satisfaction. During the days tific approach of collecting design trip were quite different on the PT that followed, SEA LEGS continued data and establishing design criteria. boat which had been outrun by SEA to display her unique capabilities to a This information was much needed LEGS in the bargain. It might be wide variety of visitors. These in- for the hydrofoil ships that were to asked: who was escorting whom? cluded many Navy officers of flag follow. After the trials, SEA LEGS After a week of successful demon- rank, congressional representatives was retired with honors and refur- strations in the Annapolis area, SEA including Senator Saltonstall of Mas- bished for the Smithsonian with the LEGS undertook the 170-mile run to sachusetts and numerous members of financial aid of Gibbs and Cox. SEA Washington on 26 July. A Navy rep- the press, radio, and television. The LEGS is currently on display at the resentative and crew arrived at the craft returned to New York, arriving Mariners Museum, Newport News, there on 20 August after covering Virginia. NEW BENEFIT 1851 miles of which l75l were on IHS provides a free link from foils. The visitor “box score” for this the IHS website to members’ per- all-important demonstration included ************** sonal and/or corporate site. To re- quest your link, contact William IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS White, IHS Home Page Editor at [email protected] 2006-2009 2007-2010 2008-2011
Mark R. Bebar Sumi Arima Joel Billingsley IHS OFFICERS 2007 - 2008 John Meyer President Dennis Clark John R. Meyer Captain Frank Horn Mark Bebar Vice President William Hockberger Joel Roberts John Monk
George Jenkins Treasurer George Jenkins William White Ken Spaulding Ken Spaulding Secretary
Page 12 IHS Third Quarter 2008 EXTRA FOR THE ELECTRONIC EDITION
HAYATE TO FLY AGAIN (Continued From Page 9)
In 1989, research and develop- ment for a new type of high-speed ship dubbed the Techno Super Liner (TSL) began in Japan with the intent to advance the state of marine transportation and re- alize the potential of creative technology in shipbuilding. The development goal was to achieve a speed greater than 50 knots (93 km/hr), a loading capacity of more than 1,000 tons, a cruising range of more than 500 nautical miles (about 930 km), and the capability to operate smoothly in rough seas.
HAYATE foilborne during test runs in 1994
HAYATE today. On exhibit at Kobe Maritime Museum
None of HAYATE's drawings or The TSL development effort cre- including ship type performance, design details are available to the public , ated two pilot model ships: an air pres- structural strength, suitability of new HISHO so Mr. Takahashi took photographs at the sure combined type ship (about materials, propulsion machinery, and at- Kobe Maritime Museum, then used them 70 meters length) and HAYATE. Trials titude control systems. to create the detailed dimensions for his were conducted under actual ocean con- Continued on Next Page working, radio-controlled model. ditions to verify and evaluate the design study results for technological elements,
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 13 HAYATE TO FLY AGAIN (Left) The submerged (Continued From Previous Page) body was completed in June 08. It contains a com- plex link mechanism that adjusts the foil system to control pitch, roll, and yaw while foilborne. Later in June, Yoichi Takahashi completed assembly of the submerged body to the hull as shown in the three views below. The water intake for the jet propulsor is in the bottom of the sub- merged body.
(Above) Yoichi Takahashi Began His (Below) The custom-built waterjet pump is built into the transparent duct. A drive Model of HAYATE in April 2008. The shaft connects to the motor via a penetration in the duct. photo shows the submerged body, con- structed of wood.
(Above) Temporary fit up of the hull, hy- drofoil submerged body, and water duct. The long (45 cm) duct is mocked up in paper to verify fit and design. The sub- merged body is supported by a V-type strut forward and the main strut on the centerline.
Page 14 IHS Third Quarter 2008 HAYATE TO FLY AGAIN IHS Bulletin Board (BBS) (Continued From Previous Page) The Newsletter comes out Will it Really Fly?! The Boeing Jetfoil 929-115-018 four times a year, but the IHS BBS CACILHAS is now plying the Hong is always "up" for news reporting, IHS has received many notifica- Kong area waters in the service of Hong technical discussions, requests for tions over the years from hobbyists and Kong TURBJET Co. help and more. The BBS is open to students of their intentions to build a all. Just go to the IHS main page at working hydrofoil model. In each case TurboJET is the brand name for www.foils.org and click the link to we provide what information we can and the operations of the Hong Kong-based the BBS. encourage the person to send back fotos Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Manage- and story of the completed model for the ment LTD, which was established from Helpful hydrofoilers are en- Newsletter. We almost never hear back. the joint venture between Shun Tak couraged visit the BBS regularly, Holdings LTD and China Travel Interna- review the latest postings, and Yoishi Takahashi is a notable ex- tional Investment Hong Kong Limited in share your news and knowledge. If ception. His previous project to create a July 1999. It operates hydrofoil ferry ser- you know the answer or can point working 1:40 scale model of the Jetfoil vices in southern China. to a person who does... please an- CACILHAS was executed to perfection swer the posting accordingly. as the videos on YouTube.com attest. Thank you!
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 15 LINK AQUA TRAINER (Continued From Page 8)
(Above) Aqua Trainer Cockpit (Below) Submerged Section
Much of the original control mechanisms in the cockpit are now dis- Link Aqua Training Floating Hullborne connected, and a few pieces may be missing, however the controls available Edwin Albert Link was a pioneer Aviation, Inc" and the production facili- to the 'pilot' included: in aviation, underwater archaeology, and ties in Binghamton, New York, and ocean engineering. However he is best Gananoque, Ontario, at one time em- • Yaw control (or steering) with rudder known for inventing the flight simulator. ployed thousands of workers. using foot pedals He managed the very successful "Link (Below) Instrument Panel Inside the Cockpit • Pitch control with elevator using for- ward and aft movement of joystick,
• Roll control with hydrofoil wingtip ailerons using lateral movement of joystick, and
• Speed control with throttle control- ling engine and propeller RPM.
Continued on Next Page
Page 16 IHS Third Quarter 2008 LINK AQUA TRAINER From the Foils.Org BBS I feel that large scale hydrofoil (Continued From Page 8) vessels may never be built unless there are fundamental breakthroughs in reduc- Large Scale Hydrofoil ing resistance. It only becomes viable to Vessels Planned? use hydrofoil support for vessels requir- A Groundbreaking Concept ing a high speed. At low speed, well de- signed displacement vessels are more When the Aqua Trainer was built, Q - Is any hydrofoil design realis- efficient (ie have lower resistance). As hydrofoil craft were still in their infancy tically planned for bigger ships? Say the payload requirement increases and with only few successful craft having with 2000t deadweight? Are there plans hence the vessel becomes larger, the re- been operated. The layout and control of on the table to introduce hydrofoils for quired speed for a viable hydrofoil de- the Aqua Trainer, while a logical exten- big cargo transport at higher speeds? sign (compared to a displacement hull) sion of aircraft aerodynamic principles, [email protected] further increases. The required power to appears to represent several firsts for hy- drive such a large and high speed vessel drofoil applications. These include the A- Hydrofoils with displacements therefore becomes enormous. In these layout of the hydrofoils (fully sub- over 1000 tonnes have been proposed oc- times of high fuel costs, I can't see any es- merged and controlled), the use of con- casionally over the years, but no very tablished operators taking the risk of ex- trol surfaces for 3-axis control, and large hydrofoils have ever been built, perimenting with such high speed cargo possibly the use of a snorkel-mounted and I am not aware of any planned for ships even if they might be technically motor, particularly for an application construction. feasible. - Martin Grimm other than a submersible. Naval hydrofoil frigates of 1300 Seaplanes were widely used by to 2400 tons displacement were devel- US forces during WWII. They would of- oped to conceptual level for the USN in ten have to land in fairly rough sea condi- the 1970s. tions. Training seaplane pilots for water take-offs and landings would therefore Over the last decade, there have have been vital. Just as with its land been concept studies of partially hydro- based simulator counterpart, the Link foil supported fast cargo vessels. One de- Aqua trainer could have been built more tailed at a maritime conference about two quickly and with less raw materials than years ago was proposed to be fueled by a complete aircraft. It would likely also LNG (Liquid Natural Gas). have been a safer means to train large numbers of pilots quickly for water land- Earlier, significant investments ings. It is therefore unclear why the Aqua were made in Japan as part of the Trainer was not further developed. Techno-Superliner (TSL) project to de- velop high speed cargo vessels. The de- It is perhaps also unfortunate that sign target was for a speed of 50 knots, a the craft did not proceed into larger scale range of >500 nautical miles, and a pay- production as this meant that it has re- load of approximately 1000 tonnes. mained a relatively obscure innovation, essentially remaining unknown to the One proposal to meet this require- "Ocean Skimmer for Atlantic," Modern hydrofoil community until now. Perhaps ment was for a hybrid buoyancy and hy- Mechanics, March 1930. p.79. "At last Link's being an aviator, not a Naval drofoil supported vessel (often referred the 'stepladder boats,' as the hydrofoil Archit, accounts for why his ideas did to as HYSWAS). A 1/6th scale prototype speeders have been called, are to make a not directly spread to the hydrofoil field, of such a vessel was built (named bid for laurels as the fastest method of but were only independently adopted HAYATE) but work never progressed on crossing the Atlantic. They are to be much later when the US Navy began to building the full scale design. HAYATE placed in regular service soon, according investigate fully submerged hydrofoil is now on static display at the Kobe Mar- to plans of the inventor, and already the concepts seriously . itime Museum preliminary engineering, based on many model and full sized tests, has been done."
IHS Third Quarter 2008 Page 17 LARGE SCALE HYDROFOILS PLANNED? (Below) "Ocean Liners With Water Everyday Mechanics (Continued From Previous Page) Wings," , Oct 1930, Volume 2, No. 7, p.279.
"Europe in two days is the aim of the de- signer of this novel hydrofoil ocean liner. Small wings, like those on an airplane, immersed in the water cause the huge boat to rise as it accelerates in speed until it virtually leaves the water - only the keel and wings being submerged... this ship may not be as comfortable as the present liners, but it will save time."
(Above) Armagnac, Alden P. , "100 Knot Liner Has Sea Wings," Popular Science March 1959, p106-113
"An ultra-fast new way to travel, in ves- sels that ride high above the waves, is (Above) Fitz-Gerald, Wm. G., “To promised by the conquest of the sea's Cross Atlantic in Thirty Hours,” Tech- speed limit." Transocean A-Liner - nical World, Oct 1907, pp 139-142. atomic propulsion is entirely contained in a pod attached to the center strut... “Peter Cooper Hewitt of New York is supercavitating foils, while inefficient at a scientist and inventor of high repu- moderate speeds, begin to show spectac- tation and proved achievement. He is ular superiority above something like 70 not given to idle and boastful talk. knots...." Consequently, when he announces that by the invention of a boat sup- (Left) "Ship on Stilts Rides Above ported above the water by gliding Waves," Popular Science, Jan 1936 planes he has made possible the building of ocean liners which may "Ocean liners on stilts are proposed by a easily reach a speed of one hundred Portland OR inventor to offer safety and miles an hour, even conservative men comfort at sea. His design envisages a are ready to believe the statement. craft supported by buoyant submarine pontoons, in such a way that the hull it- To cross the Atlantic in thirty hours is self rides clear of the water. its elevation the goal at which Mr. Hewitt is aim- above the surface would be sufficient to ing... with the added marvel that sea- allow heavy waves to pass beneath it sickness also will be relegated to the without striking it, eliminating the buf- limbo of forgotten horrors, because it feting to which most ships are subjected will no longer be possible! ...the only in bad weather. Rolling and pitching problem that remains at present is that would thus be minimized. The propeller of the propeller... " is situated nearly amidships, and the tun- nel-like enclosure formed by the sur- rounding pontoons is declared to give high propulsive efficiency."
Page 18 IIHS Third Quarter 2008 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA
Editor: John R. Meyer Fourth Quarter 2008 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm RODRIQUEZ NEWS SUSTAINING MEMBERS Contributions by Lorenzo Bonasera and Martin Grimm
Lorenzo Bonasera (IHS Member) has been tracking recent develop- ments at Rodriquez Cantieri Navali SPAand has the following to re- port. Having the opportunity to get close to the Messina yard, he took sev- eral pictures of the development of the ALISWATHbeing carried out there, one of which is shown here. The hull is still in the same position as it was on last February, but the yard seems to be going ahead in working on the superstructure part of the craft.
______YOUR 2009 IHS DUES ARE DUE
See Full Announcement on Page 2 INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column ------p. 2 - Welcome New Members ----p. 2 - Russian Operator ------p. 4 - Connexxion Water ------p. 5 Photo Courtesy of Lorenzo Bonasera - High Point Update ------p. 6 ALISWATH Upper Hull Under Construction - 30 Years Ago ------p. 8 Continued on Page 3 - Sailor’s Page ------p. 10 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS
PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Dimitri G. Coclea - Dimitri is a Russian, working for a To All IHS Members For the year of 2008, we have added Singapore shipyard in China. He 18 new members to the Society’s Its that time of the year again, so Sea- works as an agent & translator for roles. We started off the year pretty son’s Greetings to all. I hope that you Yantai Raffles Shipyard (yantai- well, but since then, the numbers all have a joyful and safe Holiday raffles.com). The yard’s main direc- have dropped off quite a bit. So …. Season. tion is the offshore industry - rigs All members are asked to encourage and associated equipment. But IHS Members in the Washington, DC your colleagues to join. Please make sometimes his boss is interested in area were fortunate to be able to at- them aware of the IHS website and other types of vessels so he con- tend a Joint Meeting of the IHS and the features regarding membership. structs yachts, like his Asean Lady the SNAME SD-5 (http://www.twomoonbay.co.uk/ya I want to remind Panel on 1 October. YOUR 2009 DUES ARE DUE you that you can chts/Asean%20Lady.htm) and oth- The presentation IHS Membership options are: view the Member- ers. Dimitri has lived in Yantai, was “NATO Fleet US$20 for 1 year, $38 for 2 ship List by logging P.R.China (near S.Korea) for the Composition, Capa- years, and $54 for 3 years. Stu- onto the IHS last 6 years. He finds the IHS site bilities, and Design” dent membership is still only website and put in most interesting, and visits it almost by Howard Fireman US$10. For payment of regular the proper pass- daily. He reads a “ton”, thereby Director, Future membership dues by credit word. All IHS learning a lot about hydrofoils. Concepts and Sur- card using PAYPAL, please go members have been face Ship Design Wouter Swart Ranshuysen - to the IHS Membership page informed of this Group, Naval Sea at www. foils.org/member.htm password. It is ad- Wouter is from Holland and studied Systems Command, and follow the instructions. visable for all to mechanical engineering at the Uni- 05D. He reported check the informa- versity of Twente. He did his final that NATO Member tion on the List. If it assignment for a masters degree at and Partner nations have increased is incorrect, please send changes to: the national aerospace laboratory. levels of cooperation with the aim of Steve Chorney at this emil address: blending capabilities to support a di- [email protected] After several jobs in the industry, he verse sustainable, affordable fleet. now works at the Hanze University Diversity in fleet asset capabilities is During this past Quarter, High Cali- as a project leader and PhD student. proving to be critical in providing a ber Solutions (HCS) has re-started In fact it is a strange combination. flexible response to traditional and work on putting together the Newsite His PhD subject concerns flexibility asymmetric naval threats. Maritime for the IHS mentioned in previous in the energy grid. Since the contri- Capabilities Group 6 on Ship Design Newsletters. However progress has bution of sustainable energy is in- and Mobility Capability is at the fore- been slow and HCS is working creasing, discrepancies exist be- front in linking operators to afford- through some of the glitches that we tween supply and demand. As a able technology needed to guarantee have observed when reviewing the consequence there is a need for en- sufficiency in current, planned and “draft”. I will keep you informed. ergy storage. future operations. The presentation discussed the MCG/6 ongoing pro- As President and Newsletter Editor, I Wouter is not a real specialist in gram of work in the parent and subor- continue my plea for volunteers to boating but it is his “absolute pas- dinate organizations and the multi- provide articles of interest to our sion”. He reports that in the Nether- national programs that have spawned members and readers. Please send lands, they have a challenge of solar from these activities. A copy of the material to me (editor@ foils.org). powered boats. The website is: presentation is available at this URL: www.frisiansolarchallenge.com www.foils.org/mtgpapers.htm John Meyer, President Continued on Page 12
Page 2 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 RODRIQUEZ NEWS fuel consumption figures. METEOR HYDROFOIL BOSMAN (Continued From Page 1) EXPRESS HAS ENTERED SERVICE IN The internet link is: http://sci- POLAND The two other experimental hulls ence.italianembassy.se/Sustain- (two different version of the “T” foil) able%20Mobility/files/Sferrazza.pdf (From Fast Ferry International, June are still slowly in progress, but it was 2008) difficult to take nice pictures because In case you cannot connect, your Edi- of the 3 “Oman” catamarans (one or tor ([email protected]) will be glad to A hydrofoil service between the Pol- two in civil/passenger version, and send you the pdf file if you have an in- ish cities of Szczecin and Swinoujscie one still in the rescue/military ver- terest in seeing the presentation. has been reintroduced this summer by sion) which were in the front part of It was informative to see that in one Zegluga Szczecinska-Wodoloty. The the yard. No Foilmaster seems to be case the presentation still shows an vessel being operated, Bosman Ex- in the current work in progress. early rendering of the ALISWATH press, is a Meteor built in 1992 that when it was obviously proposed to was originally imported into the Martin Grimm (IHS Member) did a Netherlands by Heyman Shipping. little internet surfing to search for re- have two submerged hulls (i.e. a cent items concerning Rodriquez hy- SWATH configuration) rather than The hydrofoil, then called Flying drofoils and came across a link to a one, hence the origins of the name of Dutchman, was introduced on several Rodriquez Cantieri Navali SPA pre- the craft. See figure below. routes from Arnhem and on excur- sentation. It is entitled “Rapid Ferry- sions around the Port of Rotterdam Boat with Low Environmental Im- before becoming a reserve vessel for pact” by Michele Sferrazza - Rodri- Fast Ferry’s catamaran service be- quez Research & Innovation, given tween Dordrecht and Rotterdam. in Stockholm in April of this year. In it he discusses ALI- SWATH and several fully- submerged foil craft, including comparative Early Rendering of ALISWATH With Twin Hulls Meteor Hydrofoil Bosman Ex- press Has Entered Service In Poland The hydrofoil had been laid up for several years before arriving in Po- land in June 2007. Following a lengthy refit, it entered service on April 2, becoming the first hydrofoil to be operated on the Szczecin- Swinoujscie route since 1998. Zegluga Szczecinska-Wodoloty has timetabled two daily return services on Monday-Friday and three on Sat- urday and Sunday until October 31
Rendering of Rodriquez Fully-Submerged Foil Design Continued on Next Page
IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 Page 3 METEOR and October 3-November 2, and on Hydrofoil services between Sochi (Continued From Previous Page) every day of the week from May 30 and Gagra were withdrawn in 1992 until September 28. when war broke out between Georgia and an additional return service each and the country’s Abkhazia region day during June 15 to August 31. following its declaration of inde- Scheduled journey time for the 34 pendence. nautical miles between the two cities Shortly before Hermes was intro- is 1 hour 15 minutes. duced on the route, the Georgian gov- LASTOCHKA RETURNS TO SERVICE IN ernment issued a warning that HUNGARY Lastochka Hydrofoil Quicksilver services using Abkhazia were arrived in Hungary in 2006 banned under international law. The government officially closed every (From Fast Ferry International, port in Abkhazia after the region June 2008) broke away. Scheduled trip times are 3 hours 5 In Hungary, a Lastochka hydrofoil minutes for Budapest-Bratislava and has returned to service for a third sea- 4 hours 25 minutes for Buda- The Olympia hydrofoil is one of two son operating with Pannon Wings on pest-Vienna. According to the opera- delivered to Tallink Express in Esto- the River Danube between Budapest, tor, “Our ship is among the fastest nia in 1993-1994 as Laura and Bratislava, Slovakia, and Vienna, inland passenger hydrofoils around Jaanika and transferred in 1997 to Austria. the world, our flying speed is close to Linda Line. Laura was sold to a Bul- 100 km/h.” garian operator in 2007 and also in- The vessel, Quicksilver, is one of troduced on a Black Sea route. only two pre-production Lastochka hydrofoils designed by the Central In fact, the Lastochka was designed NEW GREEK OPERATOR IMPORTS Hydrofoil Bureau and built in Gorki to have a service speed of 38 knots KOMETA HYDROFOIL by Krasnoye Sormovo. and a maximum speed of 43-46 knots. The 31m hydrofoil has two (From Fast Ferry International, Zvezda M470 992 kW diesels pow- July-August 2008) ering fixed pitch propellers and a maximum full load displacement of Production of the Kometa hydrofoil 37 tons. Normal capacity is 77 pas- may have ceased in the USSR sengers and a crew of four. twenty-five years ago but the design NEW RUSSIAN OPERATOR INTRO- continues to be popular with Greek DUCES HYDROFOIL operators and the latest vessel to be Pannon Wings is Operating Be- imported into Greece, Iviscos, has entered service with Sea Service. tween Budapest, Bratislava (From Fast Ferry International, (Pozsony in Hungarian) and July-August 2008) Built in 1980 as Kometa-16 and de- Vienna livered to a domestic operator, the Olympia Line, a recently established Kometa was purchased towards the Two Lastochka-M production ver- Russian operator, has introduced end of last year by Sea Service, a sions were subsequently exported to Morye Olympia hydrofoil Hermes on cargo handling and vessel chartering China in 2004. a route in the Black Sea between company based in Rhodes. Sochi and Gagra, Georgia. The Quicksilver, built in the USSR in 42.5m vessel entered service on July 1986, arrived in Budapest in 2006. Iviscos has been introduced in the 1, 2008. Two daily return crossings This summer Pannon Wings has Eastern Aegean, initially operating have been time-tabled this summer. timetabled one daily return service Scheduled journey time is 45 min- on Friday-Saturday during May 4-25 utes. Continued on Next Page
Page 4 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 GREEK OPERATOR state owned bus operator, became a Voskhod-2s delivered in 1997, as re- (Continued From Previous Page ) major shareholder and the company serve vessel and has three became Connexxion Fast Flying Voskhod-2Ms that were delivered in three return services each week be- Ferries. Following a restructuring of 2002, Calhartna-Amalia, Karla and tween Rhodes and Marmaris, Turkey. Connexxion’s operating divisions, Rosanna. In recent years, the com- since 2006 the hydrofoil operation has pany has sold a Meteor to Hungary, a been part of Connexxion Water. Last Polesye to Vietnam and a Voskhod-2 year, Connexxion was privatized. Ac- to Malaysia, and has scrapped a cording to the company, “On October Voskhod-2. 12, two thirds of our shares were transferred to a consortium compris- Since August 25, the Monday-Friday ing Transdev and Bank Nederlandse timetable for the Velsen-Amsterdam Kometa Iviscos has Entered Ser- Gemeenten. The State of the Nether- route has required three hydrofoils vice in the Eastern Aegean with lands will be selling the remainder of during the morning and evening Sea Service its shareholding within the next five peaks to maintain a 15 to 30 minute years to the consortium.” service frequency and two hydrofoils at other times. The third would pro- Since May 1, a daily return crossing The fact that Connexxion is still oper- vide cover during the middle of the has been timetabled. The Kometa ating the Velsen-Amsterdam route is day while the others return to leaves Rhodes at 10:00 and Marmaris something of a surprise, since in May Connexxion’s yard in Velsen Nord at 17:00. Scheduled journey time is 2006 VeoliaTransport announced that for refueling and a crew change. The 50 minutes. it had been awarded the operating weekend timetables require two hy- contract by the North Holland govern- drofoils. Sea Service also owns a conventional ment from January 1 2008. passenger car ferry and acts as agent in Rhodes for Tilos 21st Century, a However, Connexxion challenged the Annual passenger numbers on the company that operates Brodrene Aa legality of the tendering process, won route during the past six years have CIRR 120P surface effect ship Sea its appeal and has remained on the been relatively constant at Star between Tilos and Rhodes. Re- route. The current contract covers the 255,000-265,000, apart from a peak cently, Sea Service has added a sec- period until the end of 2014 and in- figure of 285,000 in 2004. This year, ond Kometa, Rodon, to its fleet. cludes an option for an additional two Connexxion Water manager Pieter de years. Boer is hopeful that over 300,000 CONNEXXION WATER EXPANDS passengers will be carried. HYDROFOIL SERVICES In September 2008, the introduction of Morye Voskhod-2MKlass Wszdijk (From Fast Ferry International, Sep- has increased the fleet to five 79 seat Continued on Next Page tember 2008) hydrofoils. Connexxion retains Annemarie, one of its original three Of the three companies that intro- duced fast ferries on the inland water- ways of the Netherlands during 1998-2000, only Connexxion Water continues to operate high speed ser- vices. A hydrofoil route along the Noordzeekanaal between Velsen Zuid and Amsterdam was launched by Fast Flying Ferries in May 1998. Two years later, Connexxion, the One of Four Morye Voskhod-2M Hydrofoils Operated by Connexxion Water, Karla
IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 Page 5 CONNEXXION WATER FOIL ASSISTED CATAMARANS HIGH POINT UPDATE ARRIVE IN TRINIDAD (Continued From Previous Page) The reasons, he says, are extensions (From Fast Ferry International Terry Orme (IHS Member) has to the operating day introduced at the July-August 2008) written: Thank you for mentioning end of April, increases in frequencies the HIGH POINT website in the International Broking Services re- at the end of April and August, and Third Quarter 2008 Newsletter. I’ll ports that it has brokered the sale of greater marketing of the service. Be- let you know when we do an update. three 27m foil assisted catamarans to tween May and July, there was a One thing I would like to have is a the Government of Trinidad and To- 25-30% increase in passenger num- guest book for the website so veter- bago. The glass reinforced plastic bers. ans can sign in. (grp) composite vessels were de- signed by Teknicraft Design and built Each hydrofoil carries a crew of two by VT Shipbuilding in 2003-2004. captains and, during the summer During 2004-2006 the catamarans months, one cabin attendant. New were leased to Rapid Explorer and crews come on duty at about 14:00. operated in France and the Caribbean Pieter de Boer says that 16-18 cap- as HC Katia, HC Milancia and HC tains are required to operate the new Olivia. timetable and Connexxion is cur- rently training six more. Following their return to the United Bow View of HIGH Point Kingdom, ownership of two of the The fleet is maintained by eight engi- After Sumi Arima’s visit, we had an- catamarans passed to the finance neering staff, including three hydro- other banner day down at the HIGH company that had funded their initial foil specialists. This year, attention POINT with a visit from Fred operation. Ownership of the third has been concentrated on preparing Nachbar who served on HP from vessel remained with VT Shipbuild- the latest Voskhod-2M for service. 1975-1977 then later as Chief Engi- ing. The bare hull arrived from the Morye neer from 1983 through Jan 1985. yard in Ukraine in Apri1. The Government of Trinidad and To- He was accompanied by another bago has acquired the three ferries for HP veteran Randy Tacey. Randy a new route along Trinidad’s west came on in 1973. Wespent about five Just as Connexxion’s operating expe- coast between Port of Spain and San hours going over things on the ship rience with its three Voskhod-2s was Ferando. and most important of all the Chief fed into the fitout of its first three wants to make a trip down every so Voskhod2Ms, the company’s experi- The vessels arrived in Trinidad at the often and assist us in getting things ence with these has influenced the beginning of July, 2008 and first ser- back on line. We collectively de- fitout of the latest Voskhod-2M. vices were due to be operated in Au- cided that however far we get, the gust. The Government is reported to project is still worth it. have also purchased a fourth fast ferry from an operator in the Nether- The most obvious differences are vis- lands. ible in the two passenger saloons, which have track mounted West Mekan ferry seats in place of the bus *********** seats installed in the first three Voskhod-2Ms, concealed lighting and a new design of skylights.
************ Stern View of HIGH Point
Page 6 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 US UNIVERSITY TO BUILD COMPOSITE Phil Osborne, the head of Pacific In- DO YOU REMEMBER FHE-400 FOIL ternational Engineering’s Coastal BRAS D’OR Projects division in Edmonds, Wash- After many years of hydrofoil devel- (From Fast Ferry International, Oc- ington, reports, “The vessel is being opment in Canada, hull construction tober 2008) brought into the research program to of FHE-400 BRAS D’OR com- conduct impact assessment and to Western Washington University’s menced in 1964 and was completed validate the modeling tools devel- Engineering Technology Department in 1967. has received a $125,000 grant to oped by the study. The surface-piercing foil system of build a composite foil system for a “Impact studies are to be conducted this hydrofoil is very evident from foil assisted catamaran that is due to on the Seattle-Bremerton route the photo and diagrams. The main be delivered to Kitsap Transit in au- through Rich Passage, an area with foil carries about 90% of the lift, tumn 2009. very strict no-wake rules because of whereas the small bow foil carries existing beach erosion problems. Pacific International Engineering is the remaining l0%. The latter is contributing $100,000 of the grant “Pacific International Engineering’s steerable and acts like a rudder for and All American Marine is provid- role in the project will be to install in- both foilborne and hullborne opera- ing $25,000. Both the WWU and All struments in the new hydrofoil to tions. It can also be adjusted in rake, American Marine are based in measure its performance and com- enabling the best angle-of-attack to Bellingham, Washington. pare that data to the computer model- be selected for foilborne or hullborne operation under whatever load or sea According to the University, “This ing that has already been done. The conditions that may exist. project is the first to be conducted in weight reduction by using the new the Marine Trades Innovation Part- composite foil should allow for in- nership Zone established recently be- creased wake performance, payload, tween Western and the Port of and fuel efficiency, thus reducing the Bellingham. overall impact of the vessel on the en- vironment. “Our goal is to cut the weight of the foil in half by using new composite The design of the foil assisted cata- materials that are lighter and stiffer maran, which is being provided by than aluminum or stainless steel, Teknicraft Design, has yet to be which will increase efficiency and finalized as Kitsap Transit recently decrease fuel costs. reduced the vessel’s capacity and ser- vice speed, from 149 passengers and Canadian BRAS D’OR FHE-400 “The new foil will also retain its 37 knots to 125 passengers and 32 at 62 Knots shape better at speed, further boost- knots, to reduce both weight and fuel As in many hydrofoil designs, the ing fuel efficiency. The first step in consumption and to ensure that the different power levels involved in the process will be the completion of required low wake level would be hullborne and high-speed foilborne a ¼ scale model. The full size foil will achieved. The redesign is likely to de- operations dictate separate propul- then be fabricated and delivered to lay completion of the catamaran by sion systems. For the lower-power, All American by June 2009.” approximately four months, from long endurance hullborne system, June until October 2009. The design, acquisition and testing of Continued on Page 12 a foil assisted catamaran to be oper- Disclaimer ated by Kitsap Transit between Seat- Interested in hydrofoil history, tle and Bremerton for an initial six IHS chooses articles and pioneers, photographs? Visit the month trial period is part of a photos for potential interest to IHS history and photo gallery pages multi-year research program funded members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. by the Federal Transit Administra- products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org tion. the authors’ opinions or claims.
IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 Page 7 HYDROFOIL OPERATING EXPERIENCE – size but was always intended to refer travel. I remember feeling at that 30 YEARS AGO basically to the availability of new time that developments and their ac- technology offering new commercial ceptance would be rapid; further, that (From Fast Ferry International, and naval possibilities. anyone doing anything in the hydro- July-August 2008) foil world would have to act with ex- The July 1978 issue of Hovering treme caution from that point. Craft & Hydrofoil contained a feast of information from hydrofoil opera- tors around the world. Even the edito- rial was contributed by a hydrofoil operator, Peter Dorey, the chairman and managing director of Condor. [Editor’s Note: Peter Dorey was President of the IHS from 1974-1977. For more information about Peter Dorey, see Robert Johnston’s article on a “Review of the First 25 Years” in the 25th Anniver- sary collection of papers.] Supramar PT.50 Sun Arrow was the Last of the Type Built by Rodriquez in 1968. The Hydrofoil was Operated by SNAV for 32 years In ‘Ten Years On’, he wrote, “As always, it is not a question of “Looking back through earlier issues ‘’’My company has always been con- what anyone would like to do but of ‘Hovercraft and Hydrofoil’, I sistently wrong in correctly forecast- what anyone can reasonably do at came across an article I submitted for ing the time required for develop- any given time, and although I felt the Hoveringcraft and Hydrofoil ment, which has always been much sure that fully-submerged hydrofoils Conference of May 1968. longer than anticipated. had an extremely attractive future, and indeed we nearly commenced “My article terminated as follows: ‘’I remember when we purchased our trading with early Boeing models in ‘The last word … We (Condor Ltd) first hydrofoil in 1964, I felt that the 1972, we have not so far generated are convinced that economic, devel- Rodriquez-built PT50 might well be- sufficient courage to take the final oped hydrofoils will begin to appear come obsolescent in just a few years decision. in the fairly near future, and their and we therefore aimed to write her ability to deal with really severe off in a maximum of eight years. “It could just be that we are in a simi- weather conditions, i.e. normal lar position to those airline Northern European year-round companies which in the late 1950s “We sold her last year and so far as I weather, will make them extremely found it hard to see the results to be am aware, she is still trading satisfac- attractive to operators in that area. gained by concentrating on jet air- tory for her new owners. Not only craft rather than their existing piston “’It should be remembered that only that, but improved craft of that basic engine models. in the last few years has it been tech- design are still being built today in ad- nologically possible to get to grips dition to those surface piercing hy- “Looking around the world, how- with hydrofoil development in the drofoils incorporating developed ever, it is clear that Boeing’s perse- fullest sense, and I feel that develop- electronic stabilisation systems. verance, combined with their ments from now on will be akin to technological achievements, is meet- “In 1967 Boeing’s ‘Tucumcari took to those of the aircraft industry in the ing with increasing success, and it is the water and I find it hard to realize it 1930s and 1940s.’ interesting to see that large interna- is over ten years since I first set foot tional companies are now seriously “The last comment could have been on her in Puget Sound and felt the taken to mean growth in industrial thrill of fully-submerged Jetfoil Continued on Next Page
Page 8 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 30 YEARS AGO FOIL ASSISTED CATAMARAN Andy Dovell is part of Murray Burns (Continued From Previous Page) DIVEBOAT ENTERS SERVICE & Dovell, a naval architecture and composite engineering consultancy involved both in operating fully-sub- (From Fast Ferry International, based in Newport, New South Wales, merged hydrofoils and evaluating July-August 2008) that specializes in racing yacht and their development potential. power boat designs. A 15m foil assisted dive boat, Pure “The development of my own Com- Dive, has entered service in North pany has been interesting over the Queensland with Calypso Reef past ten years. In 1967, the Company Charters. The catamaran, built to carried 53,207 passengers, with a USL IC/213 requirements, is the passenger mileage of 1,745,924. In fourth in the past four years designed 1977, the Company’s 2,000,000th by Sea Speed Design, built by New passenger was carried with a total for Wave Catamarans and delivered to that year of 356,118 and 12,718,010 the Port Douglas based operator. The Forward Foil on Sea Speed De- passenger miles. installation of foils is a first for all sign New Wave Catamarans three companies however. Foilcat 15
‘’As in many other areas, hydrofoil Describing, Foilcat 15 Pure Dive, Sea Pure Dive is fitted out with seating travel in the Channel Islands area is Speed Design’s Paul Birgan says, for 22 divers around four tables in a now so much an established part of “The design is a new super deep vee single saloon that includes a refriger- life, it is considered as a permanent type and utilizes the latest in carbon ator, a small galley and two toilets and necessary method of communi- fibre twin foil technology developed with showers aft. Seating for another cation. That this has been achieved in conjunction with Andy Dovell. 24 divers is provided on the aft deck, entirely on own trading merits does The foils have been used in combina- although Calypso Reef Charters is give cause for some satisfaction. par- tion with Seafury SF 30 surface limiting the capacity of the vessel to ticularly in view of the scepticism drives. which give substantial in- 25 divers. Other features on board in- which was so frequently expressed crease in speed and fuel economy clude a dive compressor and dive during the 1960s. over conventional propulsion sys- tanks. tems. “The main thing I have got wrong New Wave Catamarans reports, Pure over the years therefore has been the Dive, as the name suggests, is a pur- development time scale; always lon- pose designed and built scuba dive ger than I anticipated. However, the vessel set up to operate specifically interest and potential interest around for serious divers and will travel to the world is now so obvious that an exclusive and pristine dive sites operator who misses the opportunity north of Port Douglas. to develop a hydrofoil route or who Pre-Delivery Trials of Foilcat 15 “The layout also has provision for does not anticipate an attack on his Pure Dive in Southern Queensland overnight accommodation, with two existing conventional routes, within Two Cummins QSM 11 diesels, rated double berths/lounges either side of the capabilities of existing and devel- at 432 kW at 2,300 rpm, power the the helm and lower cabin seats that oping hydrofoil technology, may surface drives via Twin Disc 5114A convert to a further four double well find himself in severe difficul- gearboxes. Paul Birgan reports. “The berths should the vessel be chartered ties in years to come.” top speed is over 32 knots, which is for overnight trips. The vessel also quite surprising since she is not of has top decks with sun lounges and ************* light weight construction, as is the large, spacious upper and lower fore- case with the Sea Speed New Wave decks with comfortable day bed seat- Catamaran’s Seacat Range." ing.”
IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE
L’HYDROPTÈRE AIMING FOR WSSRC commissioner, ABSOLUTE SAILING SPEED these performances RECORD show l’Hydroptère’s in- Speed sailing enthusiasts, particu- crease in power since larly those with a passion for hydro- being reconfigured spe- foil sailing should keep an eye out for cifically to make at- news on the official website of the tempts at speed sailing l’Hydroptère team: records. Alain Thébault and his crew composed www.hydroptere.com of Jean-Mathieu Bour- The following is an edited extract geon, François Brillant, from the website reporting on their François Cazala, latest good news: Damien Colegrave, Overhead View of l’Hydroptère Jérémie Lagarrigue, Already holders of the absolute speed Adrien Lombard, Sébastien Stéphant Already, in a recent sailing run on record over one nautical mile and of and Jacques Vincent, are satisfied October 4, 2008, l’Hydroptère the 500 metre record in Category D achieved a top speed of 52.86 knots 2 with this training session. They are (with sail area greater than 27.88 m ) taking the time to fine-tune for a short period. However such in- since April 2007, Alain Thébault and l’Hydroptère, whose performance stantaneous high speeds do not qual- his team with l’Hydroptère have just ify the craft for a record as speed improved their performances and es- sailing record measurements are tablished two new records (pending based on the average speed over a ratification by the World Sailing distance of at least 500 metres. Speed Record Council): Also reported on the comprehensive · an average of 42.98 knots* l’Hydroptère website is news that over one nautical mile. Alain Thébault’s second book, “Le Mur du Vent” (or “The Wind Bar- · an average of 46.30 knots* rier”) is available for sale from 23 Head-on View of l’Hydroptère over 500 metres . October 2008. In this new book, the improves with each sailing session. designer and pilot of the hydrofoil “We have had good weather condi- trimaran shares the full story of this tions to improve our own records, extraordinary project in images. but unfortunately they have not been More than 200 illustrations recount sufficient to take on the absolute the journey of Alain Thébault, a te- speed record over 500 metres. What nacious and passionate man who is more, the swell has forced us to dreamt of “making a boat fly” one rein in the boat”, concluded Alain day. The author shares his experi- Thébault on return from these record ences, the long road to make his runs. l’Hydroptère Foilborne in its New dream come true and the story of a Speed Sailing Configuration. With these two new records under project over 20 years. their belt, the Hydroptère Team is, The title, “Le Mur du Vent”, per- Accomplished off Napoleon Beach step by step, drawing closer to their fectly illustrates the current project at Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône, with a goal: to break the absolute speed re- of the flying trimaran, the first sail- northwest wind blowing at 28 knots cord over 500 metres. and a small swell of 0.6 metres, in the ing boat to cross the legendary presence of Christophe Simian, Continued on Next Page
Page 10 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 L’HYDROPTÈRE knots before top- (Continued From Previous Page) ping this with a speed of 50.54 knots 50-knot barrier, attaining a top speed placing him second of 52.86 knots. Accompanied from overall in the event the start of the project by the greatest which closed on 9 marine photographers, Alain October. After the Thébault has, through this collection end of officially re- of photos, brought to light the poetry corded sailing runs of his carbon bird. “Writing this on the last day, book, finding these photos once Sebastien Cattelan again, was like clambering into an at- and Rolf van der tic and finding a hoard of lost memo- Vlugt from the ries. I wanted to open the trap door Netherlands stayed Kitesurfer Alexandre Caizergues at Speed During and hear the creaking hinges of out to see what the 2008 Lüderitz Speed Challenge memories, poke my head in to dis- could be done as the Prior to these new records being set by cover what lies behind these photos, wind picked up further in the late af- kitesurfers, the absolute sailing speed under the dust of audacity and humil- ternoon. On GPS they reportedly record had been held for a number of ity”. From the book: “Le Mur du both significantly exceeded the cur- years by windsurfers. Vent”, published by Éditions La rent records, with Cattelan achieving Martinière. over 60 knots peak speed, and 54 knots average over a 250m distance. While the records at the event are yet KITESURFERS TAKE OUT AB- to all be ratified by the WSSRC, On 4 SOLUTE WORLD SPEED This is the second year the event has October, John Reed, secretary to the SAILING RECORDS been held and it is planned that a sim- WSSR Council announces the ratifi- ilar event will be staged again at cation of an initial new outright world The Lüderitz Speed Challenge held in Lüderitz next year. speed sailing record as follows: Namibia during September - October this year at an ideal speed sailing site, Lüderitz is recognized as the best saw several kitesurfers break the out- speed sailing site for kitesurfing, and Record: Outright Sailing Speed Re- right speed sailing record. At the same will likely soon also reach this status cord by a Kitesurfer Amundson Cus- time average speeds of over 50 knot for windsurfers. There are a number tom Kite Board. 7m Crossbow Kite on a 500m course have been exceeded of reasons to this: Name: Robert Douglas USA for the first time, not only by one par- Dates: 19th September 2008 ticipant, but three. These speeds are 1. Wind blows strongly and Start time: 15:16:32.65 yet to be ratified by the World Speed consistently, in the same direction, Finish time: 15:16:52.15 Sailing Record Council (WSSRC). from August to March every year. Elapsed time: 19.5 seconds Sebastien Cattelan of France was the 2. The run is situated at the bot- Distance: 501 metres first to achieve a speed in excess of 50 tom of a lagoon, and is very flat with Current: * 0.1 knot knots with a run at 50.52 knots. He ideal water conditions. Wind: 40/45kts SSW held this record for only 24 hours be- Average speed: 49.84 knots fore compatriot Alexandre Caizer- 3. The ideal angle to the wind to gues exceeded this with a maximum reach very high speed in kitesurfing of 50.57 knots (93.65km/h) as well as or windsurfing is considered to be * The speeds over the course are cor- achieving two other runs over 50 around 140 degrees. This is the exact rected for current. knots. angle on the run at Lüderitz. American Rob Douglas set a new For more details of the 2008 event, For more details of ratified speed sail- world record in the first few days of including results and photos see: ing records see the WSSRC website the Lüderitz Speed Challenge at 49.84 www.luderitz-speed.com at: www.sailspeedrecords.com
IHS Fourth Quarter 2008 Page 11 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS that their solar boat with a combi- The most operationally representa- (Continued From Page 2) nation of foils can beat the Techni- tive trial was a 2,500 mile voyage to cal University of Delft . Wouter will Hamilton, Bermuda, and Norfolk, The participating teams come from keep the IHS informed. Virginia, in June 1971. all over the world. In fact one can compare the challenge in the Neth- The FHE-400, although no longer erlands with the famous solar chal- DO YOU REMEMBER FHE-400 operational, remains even today the lenge in Australia for solar cars. BRAS D’OR most sophisticated and advanced de- (Continued From Page 7) sign of a surface-piercing-type hy- The last few years Wouter has done drofoil. Its design and extensive trials a lot of research on small boats. His fuel weight is a critical factor which made the selection of a high speed program contributed significantly to one goal is to win the Frisian Solar the technical data base and this was Challenge and beat the technical diesel engine a logical one. A Paxman 16 YJCM diesel rated at invaluable in complementing the University of Delft. In the Nether- U.S. development program. lands this University is seen as the 2,000 hp drove two three-bladed pro- best naval University. But he is sure pellers on pods mounted on the main that if he does his work well he can anhedral foils. These 7-foot diame- This has been extracted from the beat them. ter, fully-reversible, controllable- book “Ships That Fly”. More infor- pitch propellers, 30 feet apart in the mation is available by clicking on: As can be seen on the website there lateral direction, provided excellent http://themeyers.org/ShipsThatFly/. are different classes. He and his col- maneuverability at low speed Also a very comprehensive descrip- leagues participated in the A class. through differential pitch control. tion of FHE-400 can be found in a The Aclass uses standard solar pan- Weight of the ship was 200 tons, had book entitled: “The Flying 400 - Can- els. They deliver about 800 W and ada’s Hydrofoil Project”, by Thomas the mass is 80 kg (costs 3.000 a length of 151 ft., and a main foil span of 66 ft. The foilborne propul- G. Lynch, published by Nimbus Pub- Euro). In this class they have won in lishing Limited, Halifax, Nova Sco- 2008. sion system consisted of a Pratt & Whitney FT A-Z gas turbine engine, tia, 1983. The technical University of Delft rated at 22,000 hp, driving two participated in the C class and used fixed-pitch, three-bladed propellers WEB BENEFIT Ga-Ar solar panels as used in space 4 feet in diameter. BRAS D’OR ar- and very costly. rived in Halifax, Nova Scotia on 1 IHS provides a free link from July 1968 to begin a long series of tri- the IHS website to members’ per- sonal and/or corporate site. To re- Wouter challenged a famous als. From September of 1968 until quest your link, contact William ex-astronaut Wubbo Ockels profes- July 1971, when the trials termi- sor at the Technical University of White, IHS Home Page Editor at nated, the ship logged 648 hours, 552 [email protected] Delft to participate also in the A hullborne, and 96 hours foilborne. class with the standard panels. He promised to do that. So now they have to prove that their design will IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS be better. He has done some calcu- lations on hydrofoils and is sure 2006-2009 2007-2010 2008-2011 Mark R. Bebar Sumi Arima Joel Billingsley IHS OFFICERS 2007 - 2008 John Meyer President Dennis Clark John R. Meyer Captain Frank Horn Mark Bebar Vice President William Hockberger Joel Roberts John Monk
George Jenkins Treasurer George Jenkins William White Ken Spaulding Ken Spaulding Secretary
Page 12 IHS Fourth Quarter 2008