SOUNION in the Years 104- Ȉ6 Ȇșȗȑįț 7İȓȥƞȣ 45 ǴȤȞȠȢȚĳȓıȝįĳƞȣ

Home , Sounion

15 15

S5 15.02 were expelled by Demetrios Po- Ȉ5

20 liorketes in 307 BC. Despite 20 S6 14.23 25 ȆȘȖȐįȚ

Athenian resistance, it 25 30

S7 25.37 fell into the hands of the 35 ǻ4 S4 38.59

30 Macedonians once more 40

S3 in 263 BC, to be retaken 46.36 45

35 by the Athenians in 229 Ȉ2 Ȉ3 ǻ6

25 BC. ȆȘȖȐįȚ 50

ȊȆȅȂȃǾȂǹ .80 ǻ5 1

S9 43.54 ǻ3 30 SOUNION In the years 104- Ȉ6 ȆȘȖȐįȚ 7İȓȤȠȢ 45 ǴȤȞȠȢțĲȓıȝĮĲȠȢ

ǹȖȡȚİȜȚȐ ȆİȡȓȖȡĮȝȝĮȕȡȐȤȦȞ 35 S15 100 BC, a thousand re- 49.58 50 ȆİȡȓĳȡĮȟȘ 55

ȆȘȖȐįȚ 0ȠȞȠʌȐĲȚ volted slaves from the 40 ΑΤΤΙCA ĭȣȜȐțȚȠ

55 ǻ1 ȀĮșȚıĲȚțȩ S2 45 S1 62.21 silver mines at Lavrion 56.45 ǼȞȘȝİȡȦĲȚțȒʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ +62.20

+57.90 +62.60 S3 ȆȠȜȣȖȦȞȠȝİĲȡȚțȒıĲȐıȘ 46.36

1 60 +62.05 .4 ǻ4 +59.75 0 S10 50 +60.30 45.41 +61.85 established themselves ǼțįȠĲȒȡȚȠİȚıȚĲȘȡȓȦȞ ǼȞȚıȤȣȝȑȞȠȤȫȝĮ

3.00 ȉİȤȞȘĲȩȢȜȓșȠȢ

ǻ2 51 at Sounion. ȂİĲĮȜȜȚțȒİıȤȐȡĮ

S11

65.24 65 55 Ȉ1

S14 65 The traveller Pausanias, who 68.38

ȊȆȅȊȇīǼǿȅȆȅȁǿȉǿȈȂȅȊ & ǹĬȁǾȉǿȈȂȅȊ İțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ ȚĲ ȉȠȣȡȚıĲȚțȩʌİȡȓʌĲİȡȠ ǹȡȤ īǼȃǿȀǾīȇǹȂȂǹȉǼǿǹȆȅȁǿȉǿȈȂȅȊ Ǻ' ǼĭȅȇǼǿǹȆȇȅȎȈȉȅȇǿȀȍȃȀǹǿȀȁǹȈǿȀȍȃǹȇȋǹǿȅȉǾȉȍȃ 60 visited Sounion in the 2nd c. 51 60 ȃȅȂȅȈ ǹȉȉǿȀǾȈ ǻǾȂȅȈȆǼȇǿȅȋǾ ȁǹȊȇǼȍȉǿȀǾȈ 55 ȅȉ./ǻǿǼȊĬȊȃȈǾ ǹȇȋǹǿȅȁȅīǿȀȅȈȋȍȇȅȈȈȅȊȃǿȅȊ 50 0 1.7 ĬǼȂǹ ǻǿǹȂȅȇĭȍȈǾȅǻǼȊȈǼȍȃĭȇȅȊȇǿȅȊ - ǿǼȇȅȊȆȅȈǼǿǻȍȃȅȈ 50 ȈȋǼǻǿȅ īǼȃǿȀȅȉȅȆȅīȇǹĭǿȀȅ (ȍȈȀǹȉǼȈȀǼȊǹȈĬǾ) ǹȇȈȋǼǻǿȅȊ 01Ʋ ȀȁǿȂǹȀǹ 1/500 ǼȇīȅǿǻǿȅȀȉǾȉǾȈ ǻǿǹȂȅȇĭȍȈǾǹȇȋǹǿȅȁȅīǿȀȅȊȋȍȇȅȊȈȅȊȃǿȅȊ, ȆǼȆǹȉȉǿȀǾ 2007-2013 AD, mentions only the temple 45 ȈȊȈȉǾȂǹǹȃǹĭȅȇǹȈ ȉȇȅȆȅȈǼȃȉǹȄǾȈ

ǹȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ 55 ȈȊȃȉǼȉǹīȂǼȃȍȃ ȈȉȅȀȇǹȉǿȀȅȈǹ. 40 ǹȇȋǹǿȅȁȅīȅ I ǼȁǼȃǾǹȃǻȇǿȀȅȊ , īȁȊȀǼȇǿǹīȀǿȀǹ 35 ǹȇȋǿȉǼȀȉȅȃǼȈ ĭȍȉǼǿȃǾȀǹȇǹȈǹǺǺǹ, ȋȇǿȈȉǿȃǹȆǿȃǹȉȈǾ , ȀǹȉǼȇǿȃǹȆǾīǿǹȀǾ 30 ȉȅȆȅīȇǹĭȅȈ ȃǿȀȅȈȂǹȈȉȇȅȃǿȀȅȁǹȈ 25 S12 20 of Athena in his “Attika”. In the 15 72.70 10 ȌǾĭǿǹȀȅǹȇȋǼǿȅ

5 ȈǹȇȍȂǼȃȅ ĬǹȁǹȈȈǹ ȌǾĭǿǹȀȅǹȇȋǼǿȅ 50 ȋȇȅȃȅȁȅīǿǹ ȈǼȆȉǼȂǺȇǿȅȈ 2014

ƳưƪƯƪƷƬƷƬƶ ƪƯƪīƹƳƶ ĬƪƻƵƬƶƬ ǹȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ centuries that followed the sanctuary was abandoned. 45

S13 73.15

70 The sanctuary of Athena Sounias is on a lower hill, about ƪīƮƵƭƶƬ: ƸƧ. ĮȺ. ȺǏ. ƸƴƴƳƷīƩƧƴƮƧƵƹƧ1/ĭ02/91557/4022/21-11-2011 65 35 400 m north/north-east of the headland. Two temples to Athena are preserved within a polygonal enclosure. rectangular cella with two Doric columns on the front. The earlier, small temple (600-550 BC) consists of a At the rear of the cella is preserved the base of the cult statue of Athena. There was a small altar in front of the temple. After this was destroyed by the Persians, a new, 1 larger temple was built, similar to the earlier one, but with two Ionic colonnades added to the east and south 6 sides. An irregular circular enclosure near the temples is 5 probably to be identified with the sanctuary of Phrontis, mentioned in Homer. At the west end of the headland are preserved two 4 3 shipsheds protected by the fortification wall. They con- 2 sist of two slipways, deep, long cuttings in the rock, on which rested a wooden structure that protected the bot- tom of the ships when they were dragged out of the sea. The ships were kept here for use in case of emergency. The sanctuary of Sounion, with its strong fortress, was 1. Sanctuary οf Athena Sounias 4. Sanctuary οf Poseidon directly connected with the metal-bearing region of 2. Eastern hill 5. Fortress Lavreotiki. On the mountains of Lavreotiki are preserved many ancient mining installations, and there are marble 3. Tourist pavilion 6. Shipsheds quarries in the area of Agrileza, which supplied the material for the temples of Poseidon and Athena. 15 15

S5 15.02 were expelled by Demetrios Po- Ȉ5

liorketes in 307 BC. Despite 20 S6 14.23 25 ȆȘȖȐįȚ

Athenian resistance, it 25 30

S7 25.37 fell into the hands of the 35 ǻ4 S4 38.59

30 Macedonians once more 40

S3 in 263 BC, to be retaken 46.36 45

35 by the Athenians in 229 Ȉ2 Ȉ3 ǻ6

25 BC. ȆȘȖȐįȚ 50

ȊȆȅȂȃǾȂǹ .80 ǻ5 1

S9 43.54 ǻ3 30 SOUNION In the years 104- Ȉ6 ȆȘȖȐįȚ 7İȓȤȠȢ 45 ǴȤȞȠȢțĲȓıȝĮĲȠȢ

ǹȖȡȚİȜȚȐ ȆİȡȓȖȡĮȝȝĮȕȡȐȤȦȞ 35 S15 100 BC, a thousand re- 49.58 50 ȆİȡȓĳȡĮȟȘ 55

ȆȘȖȐįȚ 0ȠȞȠʌȐĲȚ volted slaves from the 40 ΑΤΤΙCA ĭȣȜȐțȚȠ

55 ǻ1 ȀĮșȚıĲȚțȩ S2 45 S1 62.21 silver mines at Lavrion 56.45 ǼȞȘȝİȡȦĲȚțȒʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ +62.20

+57.90 +62.60 S3 ȆȠȜȣȖȦȞȠȝİĲȡȚțȒıĲȐıȘ 46.36

1 60 +62.05 .4 ǻ4 +59.75 0 S10 50 +60.30 45.41 +61.85 established themselves ǼțįȠĲȒȡȚȠİȚıȚĲȘȡȓȦȞ ǼȞȚıȤȣȝȑȞȠȤȫȝĮ 00 3. ȉİȤȞȘĲȩȢȜȓșȠȢ

ǻ2 51 at Sounion. ȂİĲĮȜȜȚțȒİıȤȐȡĮ

S11

65.24 65 5 5 Ȉ1

S14 65 The traveller Pausanias, who 68.38

ȊȆȅȊȇīǼǿȅȆȅȁǿȉǿȈȂȅȊ & ǹĬȁǾȉǿȈȂȅȊ İțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ ȚĲ ȉȠȣȡȚıĲȚțȩʌİȡȓʌĲİȡȠ ǹȡȤ īǼȃǿȀǾīȇǹȂȂǹȉǼǿǹȆȅȁǿȉǿȈȂȅȊ Ǻ' ǼĭȅȇǼǿǹȆȇȅȎȈȉȅȇǿȀȍȃȀǹǿȀȁǹȈǿȀȍȃǹȇȋǹǿȅȉǾȉȍȃ 60

1 visited Sounion in the 2nd c. 5 60 ȃȅȂȅȈ ǹȉȉǿȀǾȈ ǻǾȂȅȈȆǼȇǿȅȋǾ ȁǹȊȇǼȍȉǿȀǾȈ 55 ȅȉ./ǻǿǼȊĬȊȃȈǾ ǹȇȋǹǿȅȁȅīǿȀȅȈȋȍȇȅȈȈȅȊȃǿȅȊ 50 0 1.7 ĬǼȂǹ ǻǿǹȂȅȇĭȍȈǾȅǻǼȊȈǼȍȃĭȇȅȊȇǿȅȊ - ǿǼȇȅȊȆȅȈǼǿǻȍȃȅȈ 50 ȈȋǼǻǿȅ īǼȃǿȀȅȉȅȆȅīȇǹĭǿȀȅ (ȍȈȀǹȉǼȈȀǼȊǹȈĬǾ) ǹȇȈȋǼǻǿȅȊ 01Ʋ ȀȁǿȂǹȀǹ 1/500 ǼȇīȅǿǻǿȅȀȉǾȉǾȈ ǻǿǹȂȅȇĭȍȈǾǹȇȋǹǿȅȁȅīǿȀȅȊȋȍȇȅȊȈȅȊȃǿȅȊ, ȆǼȆǹȉȉǿȀǾ 2007-2013 AD, mentions only the temple 45 ȈȊȈȉǾȂǹǹȃǹĭȅȇǹȈ ȉȇȅȆȅȈǼȃȉǹȄǾȈ

5 ȈǹȇȍȂǼȃȅ ĬǹȁǹȈȈǹ ȌǾĭǿǹȀȅǹȇȋǼǿȅ 50 ȋȇȅȃȅȁȅīǿǹ ȈǼȆȉǼȂǺȇǿȅȈ 2014

ƳưƪƯƪƷƬƷƬƶ ƪƯƪīƹƳƶ ĬƪƻƵƬƶƬ ǹȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ centuries that followed the sanctuary was abandoned. 45

S13 73.15

S5 15.02 were expelled by Demetrios Po- Ȉ5

20 liorketes in 307 BC. Despite 20 S6 14.23 25 ȆȘȖȐįȚ

Athenian resistance, it 25 30

S7 25.37 fell into the hands of the 35 ǻ4 S4 38.59

30 Macedonians once more 40

S3 in 263 BC, to be retaken 46.36 45

35 by the Athenians in 229 Ȉ2 Ȉ3 ǻ6

25 BC. ȆȘȖȐįȚ 50

ȊȆȅȂȃǾȂǹ .80 ǻ5 1

S9 43.54 ǻ3 30 SOUNION In the years 104- Ȉ6 ȆȘȖȐįȚ 7İȓȤȠȢ 45 ǴȤȞȠȢțĲȓıȝĮĲȠȢ

ǹȖȡȚİȜȚȐ ȆİȡȓȖȡĮȝȝĮȕȡȐȤȦȞ 35 S15 100 BC, a thousand re- 49.58 50 ȆİȡȓĳȡĮȟȘ 55

ȆȘȖȐįȚ 0ȠȞȠʌȐĲȚ volted slaves from the 40 ΑΤΤΙCA ĭȣȜȐțȚȠ

55 ǻ1 ȀĮșȚıĲȚțȩ S2 45 S1 62.21 silver mines at Lavrion 56.45 ǼȞȘȝİȡȦĲȚțȒʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ +62.20

+57.90 +62.60 S3 ȆȠȜȣȖȦȞȠȝİĲȡȚțȒıĲȐıȘ 46.36

1 60 +62.05 .4 ǻ4 +59.75 0 S10 50 +60.30 45.41 +61.85 established themselves ǼțįȠĲȒȡȚȠİȚıȚĲȘȡȓȦȞ ǼȞȚıȤȣȝȑȞȠȤȫȝĮ

3.00 ȉİȤȞȘĲȩȢȜȓșȠȢ

ǻ2 51 at Sounion. ȂİĲĮȜȜȚțȒİıȤȐȡĮ

S11

65.24 65 55 Ȉ1

S14 65 The traveller Pausanias, who 68.38

5 ȈǹȇȍȂǼȃȅ ĬǹȁǹȈȈǹ ȌǾĭǿǹȀȅǹȇȋǼǿȅ 50 ȋȇȅȃȅȁȅīǿǹ ȈǼȆȉǼȂǺȇǿȅȈ 2014

ƳưƪƯƪƷƬƷƬƶ ƪƯƪīƹƳƶ ĬƪƻƵƬƶƬ ǹȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȐȝȑȜȘ centuries that followed the sanctuary was abandoned. 45

S13 73.15

n the rocky peninsula that projects into the sea at was destroyed during the Persian invasion, however, be- Othe south-east tip of Attica, the Athenians built sanc- fore it could be completed. Another was erected on its tuaries to their two most important deities: Poseidon and site – a marble Doric peripteral temple with 6 x13 col- Athena. The temple of Poseidon, god of the sea, was built umns. There was a frieze above the cella and on the in- on the summit of the rock, which rises 60 m above the sea, terior of the pteron, with scenes from the Centaur’s battle and is surrounded by stout walls; two temples to Athena and the Giants’ battle. Parts of this frieze are exhibited in Sounias were erected at a lower level. the Lavrion Museum. Τhe peninsula of Sounion has been in- On the north side of the enclosure wall built around the habited since the Prehistoric period, and temple was the entrance with a monumental portico, and there seems to have been some form of there were colonnades on the west and north sides to cult there in Mycenaean times, since cater for visitors. The entire sanctuary was encircled by Homer is the first to describe Sounion a strong defence wall, which prevented access from the as “sacred”. He relates that on the north and east. journey back from Troy, Menelaοs buried his steersman Phrontis here. The excavations at the beginning of the 20th century revealed that there was an or- ganised sanctuary here already in the i Τ: 22920 39363 Geometric period (10th-7th c. BC), and some of the earliest kouroi of Greek art were erected in the open-air sanctuary TEXT: Μ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟU of Poseidon in the early 6th c. BC (these GENERAL SUPERVISION: ARF, PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT Kouroi are now in the Athens National LAYOUT: A. MOUNTZOURI Archaeological Museum). The construction of the temple of Po- seidon and the propylon leading to it

began in the early 5th c. BC. It was of T.Α.Π. © poros, a very majestic structure, as In 412 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians

befitted the great god of the sea, strengthened the fortress, which occupied a strategic po- HELLENIC REPUBLIC whose cult was becoming increas- sition, commanding the entrance to the Saronic and South Ministry of Culture and Sports www.tap.gr ingly important, with the growth of Euboean gulfs, and protecting the whole of southern Attica.

Athenian naval power. This temple In 332 BC it was captured by the Macedonians, who 013 SOU.EN - 2019 SOUNION ΑΤΤΙCA n the rocky peninsula that projects into the sea at was destroyed during the Persian invasion, however, be- Othe south-east tip of Attica, the Athenians built sanc- fore it could be completed. Another was erected on its tuaries to their two most important deities: Poseidon and site – a marble Doric peripteral temple with 6 x13 col- Athena. The temple of Poseidon, god of the sea, was built umns. There was a frieze above the cella and on the in- on the summit of the rock, which rises 60 m above the sea, terior of the pteron, with scenes from the Centaur’s battle and is surrounded by stout walls; two temples to Athena and the Giants’ battle. Parts of this frieze are exhibited in Sounias were erected at a lower level. the Lavrion Museum. Τhe peninsula of Sounion has been in- On the north side of the enclosure wall built around the habited since the Prehistoric period, and temple was the entrance with a monumental portico, and there seems to have been some form of there were colonnades on the west and north sides to cult there in Mycenaean times, since cater for visitors. The entire sanctuary was encircled by Homer is the first to describe Sounion a strong defence wall, which prevented access from the as “sacred”. He relates that on the north and east. journey back from Troy, Menelaοs buried his steersman Phrontis here. The excavations at the beginning of the 20th century revealed that there was an or- ganised sanctuary here already in the i Τ: 22920 39363 Geometric period (10th-7th c. BC), and some of the earliest kouroi of Greek art were erected in the open-air sanctuary TEXT: Μ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟU of Poseidon in the early 6th c. BC (these GENERAL SUPERVISION: ARF, PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT Kouroi are now in the Athens National LAYOUT: A. MOUNTZOURI Archaeological Museum). The construction of the temple of Po- seidon and the propylon leading to it began in the early 5th c. BC. It was of T.Α.Π. © poros, a very majestic structure, as In 412 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians befitted the great god of the sea, strengthened the fortress, which occupied a strategic po- HELLENIC REPUBLIC whose cult was becoming increas- sition, commanding the entrance to the Saronic and South Ministry of Culture and Sports www.tap.gr ingly important, with the growth of Euboean gulfs, and protecting the whole of southern Attica.

Athenian naval power. This temple In 332 BC it was captured by the Macedonians, who 013 SOU.EN - 2019 SOUNION ΑΤΤΙCA n the rocky peninsula that projects into the sea at was destroyed during the Persian invasion, however, be- Othe south-east tip of Attica, the Athenians built sanc- fore it could be completed. Another was erected on its tuaries to their two most important deities: Poseidon and site – a marble Doric peripteral temple with 6 x13 col- Athena. The temple of Poseidon, god of the sea, was built umns. There was a frieze above the cella and on the in- on the summit of the rock, which rises 60 m above the sea, terior of the pteron, with scenes from the Centaur’s battle and is surrounded by stout walls; two temples to Athena and the Giants’ battle. Parts of this frieze are exhibited in Sounias were erected at a lower level. the Lavrion Museum. Τhe peninsula of Sounion has been in- On the north side of the enclosure wall built around the habited since the Prehistoric period, and temple was the entrance with a monumental portico, and there seems to have been some form of there were colonnades on the west and north sides to cult there in Mycenaean times, since cater for visitors. The entire sanctuary was encircled by Homer is the first to describe Sounion a strong defence wall, which prevented access from the as “sacred”. He relates that on the north and east. journey back from Troy, Menelaοs buried his steersman Phrontis here. The excavations at the beginning of the 20th century revealed that there was an or- ganised sanctuary here already in the i Τ: 22920 39363 Geometric period (10th-7th c. BC), and some of the earliest kouroi of Greek art were erected in the open-air sanctuary TEXT: Μ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟU of Poseidon in the early 6th c. BC (these GENERAL SUPERVISION: ARF, PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT Kouroi are now in the Athens National LAYOUT: A. MOUNTZOURI Archaeological Museum). The construction of the temple of Po- seidon and the propylon leading to it e-Ticketing system began in the early 5th c. BC. It was of T.Α.Π. © poros, a very majestic structure, as In 412 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians befitted the great god of the sea, strengthened the fortress, which occupied a strategic po- HELLENIC REPUBLIC whose cult was becoming increas- sition, commanding the entrance to the Saronic and South Ministry of Culture and Sports www.tap.gr ingly important, with the growth of Euboean gulfs, and protecting the whole of southern Attica.

Athenian naval power. This temple In 332 BC it was captured by the Macedonians, who 013 SOU.EN - 2019