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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St IN FORM ATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of tfie dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE; Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-31,813 ALLAIN, Michael Louis, 1941- THE PBRIPLOUS OF SKYLAX OF KARYANDA. The Ohio State Uhiversity, Ph.D., 1977 Language, ancient University Microfilms international, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48IO0 THE FERIPLOUS OF SKYLAX OF KARYANDA DISSERTATION Presenced In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University Michael Louis Allaln, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1977 Reading Committee; Approved By Robert J. Lenardon David E. Hahm Charles L. Babcock Department of Classics T(l 'AvOlOTOCflîy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wlah to express my gratitude to Professors Charles L. Babcock and David E. Hahm for their constructive criticism and thought-provoking comments throughout my research into this area. I offer a special word of thanks to my Adviser, Professor Robert J. Lenardon, who has been a source of encouragement and inspiration to me throughout my studies at Ohio State. Specifically in respect to this dissertation he patiently read through the preliminary drafts and offered most thoughtful and helpful advice. Any shortcomings in the final form of this work are, of course, my own. I wish also to express warm appreciation for my fellow students, who provided both a sense of comradeship in perseverence and a genuine scholarly atmosphere in which to work. To my family I also offer thanks, especially to my mother.for her unfailing optimism and my sister Rita for her continued support of my studies. Finally my deepest appreciation is toward my wife, first for her patience and understand­ ing, but also for her untiring efforts to foster an environranet conducive to my research. ill November 7, 1941.... Born - Chicago, Illinois 1967............ B.A., Northeastern Illinois State College, Chicago, Illinois 1972....... ....... M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971-1976.......... Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Classics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1977............... Research Assistant, Department of Classics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELD OF STUDY Major Field; Classics TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......... .......................... ill VITA............................................... Iv ABBREVIATIONS....................................... vl NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION.............................. vll Chapter I. Introduction................................ ^ Footnotes.............. ................... II. Skylax of Karyanda......................... The Life of Skylax.............. 53 The Works of Skylax........................ On India.............................. The Achievenenta of Herakleides of Mylasa The Periplous of the Inhabited World 65 Footnotes III. The Periplous of Skylax of Karyanda............ 86 Introduction.............................. 66 Footnotes............................. 68 Translation............................... 69 Commentary...................... 133 APPENDIX......... 211 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................ 213 ABBREVIATIONS AJA - American Journal of Archaeology AJP " American Journal of Philology BCH • Bulletin de Correspondance de Hellenique BSA “ Annual of the British School at Athens Budg " Collection dea Universités de France, publiée sous le patronage de l'Association Guillaume buJé. CAH - The Cambridge Ancient History CIG - Corpus Inscrlptlonum Graecarum FGrH - Die Fragmente der Grlechischen Hlstorlker FHC ■ Fragmenta Hlstorlcorum Graecorum GGM » Geographl Graecl Minores IG " Inscrlptlones Graecac JHS ■ Journal of Hellenic Studies LCL = Loeb Classical Library OCT = Oxford Classical Téxt RE -, Pauly-Wlsaowa's Realencycloptfdle der classlschen Altertums- wlasenschaft SEC - Supplementiun Eplgraphlcum Graecum Teubner - Blbllotheca Scrlptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubnerlana NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION I have tried to transliterate proper names as much as possible directly from the Greek into the English. Because some Latinized spellings have become so common this has presented some problems. In the case of established names I have tried to follow criteria commensurate with the most common pronunciation. If In an established name pronunciation Is not altered and Identifica­ tion remains clear, I have gone ahead with direct transliteration. Instead of Crete, for example, I have written Krete. Some cases, however, that would seem to fall Into this catagory I have left In their Latin forma, since they have become so firmly established and direct transliteration could cause undue distortion. An example of this type is my use of Attica and not Attika. If direct transliteration would alter the usual pronunciation and -possibly create confusion in identification, I have maintained the established Latinized form. I have written Cyprus, for example, and not Kypros. A major problem also arises in respect to adjectives derived from proper names. Because I have found that such adjectives facilitate translation, I have freely used them, even though they are based on Latin endings. Although this has meant that inconsistencies within the same word occur, I have tried to keep them to a minimum. vll The periplous was an ancient type of geographical text, specif­ ically, an account of a coastal voyage. Perlplol had a significant role In the development of ancient geography and historiography both as a tool for transmitting knowledge about the location of various places and as an Influence on major writers. They provided valuable Information, not only knowledge In the ancient world, but also methods and techniques for writers to describe that world. In many cases these texts undoubtedly provided basic material for such authors as Herodotos and Strabo. Investigation of perlplol, therefore. Is war­ ranted not only In order to achieve a better understanding of ancient geography, but also to provide needed Information about the sources used by major writers and, consequently, the geographical tradition which influenced them. My study of ancient perlplol stems directly from a strong Inter­ est In Herodotos. I became fascinated with his discussions about such early explorations as the Phoenician circumnavigation of Libya and the voyage of Kolalos of Samos to Tartessos.^ Study of such reports led naturally to Investigation of the author's sources, many of whom were Ionian logographers. One of them was Skylax of Karyanda, who accord­ ing to Herodotos explored much of India for Darius.^ The text of a periplous bearing the name of Skylax of Karyanda has been transmitted to us and remains largely Intact except for a rather short lacuna re­ sulting from a mult11ated leaf In the codex. - 1- 2. To understand more clearly the significance of this work of Skylax a general knowledge of ancient perlplol Is desirable. A pre­ liminary discussion, therefore, which will provide a brief and general picture of the periplous as a type of geographical literature, la the basic objective of my first chapter. This will Include a description of the most Important sources for this study, a review of the perlplol that have survived, and a summary of the development of the periplous as an ancient genre. My ultimate objective Is to place the Periplous of Skylax Into a proper perspective and to understand thereby the sig­ nificance of his text. Geographl Graecl Minores (GGM) published In 1855 by Karl Muller offers the moat comprehensive edition of perlplol.^ Others such as Wilfred H. Schoff, Alexandre Baschmakoff, and Aubrey Dlller have pub­ lished works on individual
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