The Village of German Село Герман

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The Village of German Село Герман Георги Петров Село Герман Географски, исторически и етнографски очерк Georgi Petrov The Village of German Geographical, Historical, and Ethnographical Essay София, 200 Sofia, 200 СЪДЪрЖАНИе Другите за книгата ..........................................................3 Предговор на автора ......................................................20 Глава първа. Географско положение ..............................2 Глава втора. Основаване на с. Герман ..........................22 Глава трета. Наименование на с. Герман .....................23 Глава четвърта. Начин на живеене...............................23 Глава пета. Поминък ......................................................30 Глава шеста. Административна принадлежност .......33 Глава седма. Политически организации до 09.09.944 г. .........................................33 Глава осма. Народност и религия..................................35 Глава девета. Обичаи и вярвания...................................44 Приложение 1. Опис на къщите на селото....................52 2. Герман - Образи от миналото Съставител: 3. Герман днес © Даниела������� ������Дикова Project Coor�inator: © Daniela Dikova редактор: © Петър Г. Петров e�itor: © Peter G. Petrov COnTenTS Фотограф: Prefaces ................................................................................3 © Василка ��������алевска Photography: Author’s Preface ..................................................................5� © �asilka Balevska Chapter One. Geography���������������������������������������������������� ..................................................5� Графичен дизайн: Chapter Two. ���������������ounding of the ��������������illage of ���Ger���������������������an ...............59 © �оряна Паскалева Chapter Three. Origins of the Na�e ..................................60 Graphic Design: © Boriana���������� ���������Paskaleva Chapter Four. Lifestyle .......................................................60 Обработка на Chapter Five. Occupations .................................................66 архивните снимки Chapter Six. Ad�inistrative ���������������������������������������������Structure .................................69 © Камен Даалийски Chapter Seven. ����������������P���������������olitical Organi�������������ations until archive Photo restoration �����Septe���������������������������������������������������er 9���������������������������������������������, 944 ....................................69 © Ka�en Daaliysky Chapter eight. Nationality and Religion ..............................71 Превод на Chapter nine. Custo�s and Beliefs ....................................�0 английски: A����ppen������ix��� 1. Residents of Ger�an around 900 ..................�� © Деян Георгиев english������������� ������������Translation: appen�ix 2. Ger�an I�ages fro� the Past © Deyan��������� ��������Georgiev appen�ix 3. Ger�an Today 2 Ценен ИзвОр за шопскИте Valuable SOurCe OF ShOP ФОлклОрнИ традиции folklOre TraDiTiOnS Проф. д. изк. лозанка Пейчева, Dr. lozanka Peicheva Институт за етнология и фолклори- Professor, Institute for Ethnology and стика с Етнографски музей, �АН �olklore, Bulgarian Acade�y of Sciences Фолклорната картина на света �olklore the world over paints a е устна: човекът пее, дума, свири и si�ilar picture: so�eone sings, speaks, играе, извайва във времето и прос- plays, dances, shaping the cultural транството културата на своето contours in ti�e and space for his село и род и от уста на ухо, от по- village and fa�ily, and fro� �outh коление на поколения я предава, за да to ear, fro� generation to generation, се превърне във фолклорна история. they are passed on, �eco�ing folkloric Тя е неписана, но в писаните селищни history. It is unwritten, �ut in written истории фолклорното, вече като local histories folklore, now as literary литературен факт, може да придо- fact, can take on new significance and бие нова значимост и виталност. И vitality, thus overco�ing the self- да преодолее забравата за своето, o�livion that has spread like a virus която като вирус превзема прена- during the �odern and post�odern селените с информация и културно ti�es, overpopulated with infor�a- многообразие модерни и постмодер- tion. This is the case with the folklore ни времена. Такъв е случаят с фол- in the geographical, historical, and клорното в географския, исторически ethnographical essay on the village of и етнографски очерк за село Герман Ger�an* �y Georgi Petrov, in which на Георги Петров, в който той описва he descri�es the daily life and culture бита и културата на своето село от of his village during the first half of the първата половина на ХХ век. twentieth century. Тъкмо този период и по-точно го- It is precisely this period, and дините след Първата световна война �ore specifically the years follow- са критични за традиционната пред- ing World War I, that is critical for модерна култура. Отвън са навлезли traditional pre-�odern culture. The модерните технологии, идеологии �odern technologies, ideologies, и нрави, които рушат „китайската and �ehaviors that will tear down стена“ на патриархалния свят. Сел- the “Chinese Wall” of the patriarchal ската аграрна култура на ръчния труд, world are approaching. The rural семейната задруга, дървеното рало, culture of �anual la�or, fa�ily fellow- воловете и занаятите имат вече ship, the wooden plow, oxen, and градска конкуренция с нови стоки и crafts are already �eing challenged �y услуги. Села като Герман, свързани new products and services fro� the ландшафтно с големи градове като city. �illages like Ger�an, geographi- София, първи попадат в разлома на cally tied to large cities like Sofia, are межденото време. Предмодерната the first to fall victi� to the changing * pronounced with a hard “G” 3 фолклорна култура, която организира ti�es. The pre-�odern folk culture света според аршина на аграрния труд that �easured the world according to в годишния �(����������������������календарния ������������и в жизнения the yardstick of agrarian la�or during човешки цикъл, е пронизвана и под- the yearly crop cycle and the hu�an ривана от многостранните пориви life cycle is su�verted �y the �any на модернизацията. След Втората �anifestations of �oderni�ation. Af- световна война към технологичните ter World War II another, �ore pow- агенти на промяната се прибавя един erful agent of change is added – that още по-мощен – партийно-идеологи- of political ideology. Co��unis�, ческият. Комунизмът с динамичната with its dyna�ic struggle to reshape си борба за преобразуване на света и с the world, with its radical refor�s, радикалните си реформи допълнител- levels its own attack on not only the но взривява и променя не само прими- pri�itive and da�aged agriculture, тивното и раздробено земеделие, но и �ut also the fragile spiritual culture of духовната култура на селяните. the villagers. Днес, в началото на третото Today, at the �eginning of the хилядолетие от достолепната и third �illenniu�, all that is left of the хармонична снага на предмодерната well-�alanced figure of the local folk локална фолклорна култура са оста- culture are s�all pieces, separated нали само късчета – малки, изтръг- fro� their roots, chaotically scattered. нати от корен, хаотично разпиляни. When we �ring it out under the spot- Когато ги извеждаме под светлините lights of the concert stages, of the folk на прожекторите на концертните festivals at Koprivshtitsa, or on the ra- сцени, по естрадите на Копривщица, в dio or television, we accept folklore as радиоефира или на телевизионния ек- art: singing, playing, dancing, embroi- ран, ние възприемаме фолклора като dering… Carried away in the glo�al изкуство: пеене, свирене, танцуване, process of giving new �eaning to old везане… Увлечени в глобалния процес traditions and identities, we speak of на ново остойностяване на стари “intangi�le cultural inheritance,” of “liv- традиции и идентичност, говорим ing hu�an treasures,” of “cultural and за „нематериално културно наслед- folkloric touris�.” But folklore does ство“, „живи човешки съкровища“, not consist �erely of presenting co�- „културен и фолклорен туризъм“. Но �erciali�ed antiquity and exoticis� фолклорът не е само в презентирана- of styli�ed folk clothing, traditional та и комерсиализирана архаичност и instru�ents and singing styles and екзотичност на стилизираните носии, repertoire. Before �eing frag�ented традиционните инструменти и пев- �y their inheritors �as an i�agined чески стилове и репертоари. Преди symbol, attractive product, exotic en- да бъде фрагментиран от своите tertain�ent, pre-�odern folklore was наследници (���������������������������������������������като въобразен символ, so�ething whole, large, �eaningful: атрактивна стока и екзотично раз- a syncretic culture, in which the �ate- влечение��������������������������)�������������������������, предмодерният фолклор е rial �production and technology and бил нещо цялостно, голямо и смисле- the spiritual �knowledge and skill, 4 но: синкретична култура, в която има faith and art co-existed. �olklore was и материално �(������������������������������������������производство и техно- the Cos�os inha�ited �y our ances- логии������������)�����������, и духовно ����������������������знания и умения, вяра tors, and the �eans �y which they и изкуство. Фолклорът е бил Космос, co�prehended the natural world. This в който нашите предци са живели, но is why, if we want to understand folk- и култура, чрез която са конструирали loric culture and its traditions, we �ust природния свят. Затова, когато иска- atte�pt to see the whole, concrete ме да разберем фолклорната
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