Ingeo™ Biopolymer 3100HP Technical Data Sheet

Injection Molding

Ingeo 3100HP is a medium viscosity Table 1 - Typical Material & Application Properties (1) product from NatureWorks LLC, designed for medium flow injection molding Physical Properties Ingeo Resin ASTM Method applications. It is designed to crystallize Specific Gravity 1.24 D792 during processing, leading to higher heat MFR, g/10 min (210°C, 2.16kg) 24 D1238 deflection temperatures in opaque Relative viscosity(2) 3.1 D5225 applications. See Table 1 for properties. Mechanical Properties, molded amorphous with 26°C mold temperature Applications Tensile Yield Strength, psi (MPa) 9,400 (65) D638 The variety of products made with 3100HP Tensile Elongation, % 3.4 D638 is widely varied and growing. Applications Notched Izod Impact, ft-lb/in (J/m) 0.34 (18.2) D256 include disposables such as cutlery, cups, Flexural Strength, psi (MPa) 16,200 (112) D790 plates, cosmetic packaging, and durables Flexural Modulus, psi (MPa) 520,000 (3585) D790 such as electronics housings and semi- Heat Distortion Temperature (°C) durable building materials. 54 E2092 66 psi, (0.455 MPa) Processing Information Molded Linear Shrinkage, % 0.2-0.4 Clarity Transparent 3100HP is intended for use in crystalline engineered formulations; however it is sold Mechanical Properties, molded crystalline with 120°C mold temperature(3) as neat resin. The formulator or Tensile Yield Strength, psi (MPa) 9,300 (64) D638 compounder will need to add nucleating Tensile Elongation, % 2.2 D638 agents, impact modifiers, reinforcing agents, etc. to meet the requirements of Notched Izod Impact, ft-lb/in (J/m) 0.6 (32) D256 their application (consult with your Flexural Strength, psi (MPa) 15,700 (108) D790 NatureWorks representative for Flexural Modulus, psi (MPa) 632,000 (4357) D790 recommendations and masterbatch Heat Distortion Temperature (°C) suppliers). 3100HP biopolymer can be 149 E2092 66 psi, (0.455 MPa) processed on most conventional injection molding equipment. The material is stable Molded Linear Shrinkage, % 1.7-1.8 in the molten state, provided that the drying Clarity Opaque procedures are followed. Mold flow is Peak crystalline melting point (°C) 165-180 highly dependent on melt and mold (1) Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications temperatures. It is recommended to (2) RV measured at 1.0 g/dL in chloroform at 30°C balance screw speed, back pressure, and (3) Formula included 1wt% nucleating agent (LAK-301 from Takemoto Oil & Fat) process temperature to control melt temperature. Injection speed should be medium to fast. Mold temperature is generally Processing Temperature Profile elevated in the range of 80-130°C, depending on Melt Temperature 390ºF 200ºC the formulation characteristics. Feed Throat 70ºF 20ºC

Feed Temperature 365ºF 185ºC Machine Configuration Compression Section 383ºF 195ºC Ingeo biopolymer 3100HP will process on conventional injection molding machinery. A Metering Section 392ºF 200ºC general purpose screw designed to minimize Nozzle 392ºF 200ºC residence time and shear works well. One should Mold 248ºF 120ºC size the machine for minimum residence time in Screw Speed 200 rpm the barrel. Please refer to the Ingeo Injection Molding Guide for more information. Back Pressure 250 psi Mold Shrinkage .017 in/in. +/-.001

Note: These are starting points and may need to be optimized. For thin walled parts temperatures up to 450F may be needed. Page 1 of 5 Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the USA and other countries. NW3100HP_051915V1 Ingeo Biopolymer 3100HP Technical Data Sheet

Process Details Drying Curve for Equilibrium Moisture Level Polylactide Pellets, Startup and Shutdown Dryer setup: 0.25 cfm/lb pellets; Dewpoint = -40 C 2750 1. 3100HP is not compatible with a wide variety of resins and special 2500 purging sequences should be 2250 100°C, Crystalline Ingeo followed: 2000 80°C, Crystalline Ingeo 2. Clean extruder and bring 1750 temperatures to steady state with 60°C, Crystalline Ingeo 1500 low-viscosity, general-purpose 50°C, Amorphous Ingeo polystyrene or polypropylene. 1250 3. Vacuum out hopper system to 1000

avoid contamination. ppm Pellet Moisture, 750 4. Introduce Ingeo polymer into the 500 extruder at the operating 250 conditions used in Step 1. 0 5. Once Ingeo polymer has purged, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 reduce barrel temperatures to Drying Time, Hrs desired set points. 6. At shutdown, purge machine with high-viscosity polystyrene or polypropylene. Procedures) when constructing a package so that it is suitable for the end use.

Drying European Status In-line drying is recommended for Ingeo resins. A moisture This grade of Ingeo biopolymer complies with Plastics content of less than 0.025% (250 ppm) is recommended to Regulation 10/2011 as amended. No SML’s for the above prevent viscosity degradation. Polymer is supplied in foil- referenced grade exist in Plastics Regulation 10/2011 as lined boxes or bags dried to <400 ppm. The resin should not amended. NatureWorks LLC would like to draw your be exposed to atmospheric conditions after drying. Keep the attention to the fact that the EU- Plastics Regulation package sealed until ready to use and promptly dry and 10/2011, which applies to all EU-Member States, includes a reseal any unused material. The drying curves for both limit of 10 mg/dm2 of the overall migration from finished amorphous and crystalline resins are shown to the right plastic articles into food. In accordance with Plastics above. Regulation 10/2011 the migration should be measured on

finished articles placed into contact with the foodstuff or Note: Amorphous polymer must be dried below 120F (50C). appropriate food simulants for a period and at a temperature

which are chosen by reference to the contact conditions in Food Packaging Status actual use, according to the rules laid down in Plastics U.S. Status Regulation 10/2011.

On January 3, 2002 FCN 000178 submitted by NatureWorks Please note that it is the responsibility of both the LLC to FDA became effective. This effective notification is manufacturers of finished food contact articles as well as the part of list currently maintained on FDA’s website at industrial food packers to make sure that these articles in

their actual use are in compliance with the imposed specific http://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/ and overall migration requirements. packagingfcs/notifications/default.htm This grade as supplied meets European Parliament and This grade of Ingeo biopolymers may therefore be used in Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on food packaging materials and, as such, is a permitted packaging and packaging waste heavy metal content as component of such materials pursuant to section 201(s) of described in Article 11. the Federal, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and Parts 182, 184, and 186 of the Food Additive Regulations. All additives and Should you need further clarification, contact NatureWorks adjuncts contained in the referenced Ingeo biopolymers LLC. formulation meet the applicable sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The finished polymer is approved for all food types and B-H use conditions. We urge all of our customers to perform GMP (Good Manufacturing

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Bulk Storage Recommendations The resin silos recommended and used by NatureWorks LLC are designed to maintain dry air in the silo and to be isolated from the outside air. This design would be in contrast to an open, vented to atmosphere system that we understand to be a typical polystyrene resin silo. Key features that are added to a typical (example: polystyrene) resin silo to achieve this objective include a cyclone and rotary valve loading system and some pressure vessel relief valves. The dry air put to the system is sized to the resin flow rate out of the silo. Not too much dry air would be needed and there may be excess instrument air (-30°F dew point) available in the plant to meet the needs for dry air. Our estimate is 10 scfm for a 20,000 lb/hr rate resin usage. Typically, resin manufacturers specify aluminum or stainless steel silos for their own use and avoid epoxy-lined steel.

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Safety and Handling Considerations auto ignite. For polyesters such as PLA, thermal decomposition producing flammable vapors containing Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for Ingeo biopolymers are acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide can occur in almost any available from NatureWorks. SDS’s are provided to help process equipment maintaining PLA at high temperature customers satisfy their own handling, safety, and disposal over longer residence times than typically experienced in needs, and those that may be required by locally applicable extruders, fiber spinning lines, injection molding machines, health and safety regulations. SDS’s are updated regularly; accumulators, pipe lines and adapters. As a rough guideline therefore, please request and review the most current SDS’s based upon some practical experience, significant before handling or using any product. decomposition of PLA will occur if polymer residues are held at temperatures above the melting point for prolonged The following comments apply only to Ingeo biopolymers; periods, e.g., in excess of 24 hours at 175°C, although this additives and processing aids used in fabrication and other will vary significantly with temperature. materials used in finishing steps have their own safe-use profile and must be investigated separately. Combustibility

Hazards and Handling Precautions Ingeo biopolymers will burn. Clear to white smoke is produced when product burns. Toxic fumes are released Ingeo biopolymers have a very low degree of toxicity and, under conditions of incomplete combustion. Do not permit under normal conditions of use, should pose no unusual dust to accumulate. Dust layers can be ignited by problems from incidental ingestion or eye and skin contact. spontaneous combustion or other ignition sources. When However, caution is advised when handling, storing, using, suspended in air, dust can pose an explosion hazard. or disposing of these resins, and good housekeeping and Firefighters should wear positive-pressure, self-contained controlling of dusts are necessary for safe handling of breathing apparatuses and full protective equipment. Water product. Pellets or beads may present a slipping hazard. or water fog is the preferred extinguishing medium. Foam, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemicals may No other precautions other than clean, body-covering also be used. Soak thoroughly with water to cool and clothing should be needed for handling Ingeo biopolymers. prevent re-ignition. Use gloves with insulation for thermal protection when exposure to the melt is localized. Workers should be Disposal protected from the possibility of contact with molten resin during fabrication. DO NOT DUMP INTO ANY SEWERS, ON THE GROUND, OR INTO ANY BODY OF WATER. For unused or Handling and fabrication of resins can result in the uncontaminated material, the preferred option is to recycle generation of vapors and dusts that may cause irritation to into the process otherwise, send to an incinerator or other eyes and the upper respiratory tract. In dusty atmospheres, thermal destruction device. For used or contaminated use an approved dust respirator. material, the disposal options remain the same, although additional evaluation is required. Disposal must be in Good general ventilation of the polymer processing area is compliance with Federal, State/Provincial, and local laws recommended. At temperatures exceeding the polymer melt and regulations. temperature (typically 175ºC), polymer can release fumes, which may contain fragments of the polymer, creating a Environmental Concerns potential to irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Good general ventilation should be sufficient for most conditions. Generally speaking, lost pellets, while undesirable, are Local exhaust ventilation is recommended for melt benign in terms of their physical environmental impact, but if operations. Use safety glasses (or goggles) to prevent ingested by wildlife, they may mechanically cause adverse exposure to particles, which could cause mechanical injury effects. Spills should be minimized, and they should be to the eye. If vapor exposure causes eye discomfort, cleaned up when they happen. Plastics should not be improve localized fume exhausting methods or use a full- discarded into the environment. face respirator. Product Stewardship The primary thermal decomposition product of PLA is NatureWorks has a fundamental duty to all those that use acetaldehyde, a material also produced during the thermal our products, and for the environment in which we live. This degradation of PET. Thermal decomposition products also duty is the basis for our Product Stewardship philosophy, by include carbon monoxide and hexanal, all of which exist as which we assess the health and environmental information gases at normal room conditions. These species are highly on our products and their intended use, and then take flammable, easily ignited by spark or flame, and can also

Page 4 of 5 Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of NatureWorks in the USA and other countries. NW3100HP_051915V1 Ingeo Biopolymer 3100HP Technical Data Sheet appropriate steps to protect the environment and the health standpoint of human health and environmental quality. To of our employees and the public. help ensure our products are not used in ways for which they were not intended or tested, our personnel will assist Customer Notice customers in dealing with ecological and product safety considerations. Your sales representative can arrange the NatureWorks encourages its customers and potential users proper contacts. NatureWorks literature should be consulted of its products to review their applications from the prior to the use of the company’s products.

NOTICE: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by NatureWorks LLC or others is to be inferred. No information in this publication can be considered a suggestion to infringe patents.

The technical information, recommendations and other statements contained in this document are based upon tests or experience that NatureWorks believes are reliable, but the accuracy or completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Many factors beyond NatureWorks control can affect the use and performance of a NatureWorks product in a particular application, including the conditions under which the product is used and the time and environmental conditions in which the product is expected to perform. Since these factors are uniquely within the user’s knowledge or control, it is essential that the user evaluate the NatureWorks product to determine whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for the user’s method of application. In addition, because use conditions are outside of NatureWorks control and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is solely responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace, use and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. NatureWorks LLC assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document.

NATUREWORKS MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR ITS PRODUCTS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY AS TO ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF INFORMATION, OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

NOTICE REGARDING PROHIBITED USE RESTRICTIONS: Unless specifically agreed to in writing by NatureWorks, NatureWorks LLC will not knowingly sell or sample any product into any of the following commercial or developmental applications (i) components of or packaging for tobacco products, (ii) components of products intended for human or animal consumption, (iii) any application that is intended for any internal contact with human body fluids or body tissues, (iv) as a critical component in any medical device that supports or sustains human life, (v) in any product that is designed specifically for ingestion or internal use by pregnant women, (vi) in any application designed specifically to promote or interfere with human reproduction, (vii) in microbeads, including those used in personal care/cosmetic applications, or (vii) to manufacture bottles or bottle pre-forms in North America.

For additional information please contact NatureWorks via our website on the tab called FAQ’s or by clicking here. 15305 Minnetonka Blvd., Minnetonka, MN 55345

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