Ingeo™ Biopolymer 7032D Injection Stretch Blow Molded Bottles

Ingeo biopolymer 7032D is a bottle Typical Material & Application Properties (1) grade resin designed for injection stretch blow molded applications Physical Properties Ingeo 7032D ASTM Method where heat setting is needed. Ingeo Specific Gravity 1.24 D792 biopolymer 7032D can be run on MFR, g/10 min (210°C, 2.16kg) 7 D1238 conventional and heat set ISBM Glass Transition Temperature 55-60ºC D3418 equipment typically used for PET. Ingeo biopolymer 7032D is run at Crystalline Melt Temperature 155-170ºC D3418 lower processing temperatures than Transmission Rates Oxygen 675 cc-mil/ m2-24hr -atm D1434 PET. Carbon Dioxide 2,850 cc-mil/ m2-24hr-atm Internal Water Vapor 375 g-mil/m2-24hr F1249 Applications Clarity Transparent (2) Injection stretch blow molded bottles General Blow Molding & Heat Setting Guidelines (ISBM) for singe- and two-stage Preform Temperature 80-100°C (176-212°F ) Maximize operations. Ideal for applications temperature while keep good material where heat setting is required, such distribution. as: Stretch Rod Speed 0.8-1.2 m/second • Fruit juices (Balayage stretch rod required) • Sports drinks Blow Mold Temperature 100-120°C (212-248°F ) Optimize for • Oils, jams, non-beverage production rate and heat set quality.

Preform Design & Injection (1) Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications. (2) Typical conditions; an experimental approach may be required. Molding to prevent excess material Preform design is critical in making a Typical Processing Parameters* container with good clarity and accumulating in the base of the Melt Temp. 390-430°F 200-220°C physical properties. Designing a blown container. Less preform for use as an Ingeo bottle is, aggressive transitions may also Feed Throat 70°F 20°C to an extent, specific to the blow mold help with controlling material Feed Section 355°F 180°C distribution and prevent equipment, bottle design, and mold Compression material accumulating in the 410°F 210°C tooling. As a starting point, designing a Section preform with an areal (axial x hoop) base, since Ingeo stretches Metering Section 410-430°F 210-220°C stretch ratio (SR) of 8-11, an axial SR easier than PET due to its lower of 2-3, and a hoop SR of 3-4, should extensional viscosity. Nozzle 410-430°F 210-220°C allow for the blow molding of the Mold 70-100°F 21-38°C desired container. The natural stretch Injection Molding of Back Pressure 100-200psi ratio for Ingeo biopolymer 7032D is a Preforms bit lower versus the Ingeo biopolymer A general-purpose screw Mold Shrinkage 0.004 in/in.+/-.001 7001D bottle grade. As a result, a designed to minimize residence *These are starting points and may need to be optimized. It slightly lower areal stretch may be time and shear is is important to optimize back-pressure, process needed to help prevent pearlescence recommended. A screw temperature, mold temperature, and injection speed such designed for PET is a relatively that the cycle time and the internal stresses in the finished as compared to what may typically be part are kept to a minimum. This will help keep the required in a design using 7001D. As good choice, as they are a low shrinkage of the preform upon re-heating to the lowest level an estimate, the 7032D grade areal compression screw that possible while keeping preform production as high as minimizes shear. Processing possible. Using a hot runner system in the injection-molding stretch ratio window may need to be conditions should be controlled step is also recommended to help keep shear stress and decrease by 15-20% vs. the 7001D accordingly in order to minimize preform shrinkage to a minimum. stretch ratios in order to prevent melt temperature and residence overstretching of the bottles. The use time. The shot size and hot runner avoid prolonged exposure to shear or of a reheat additive will also improve capacity should be sized accordingly heat, in order to prevent polymer preform re-heating and equilibration to the extrusion barrel size. This helps degradation. time in the blow molding ovens. A to maintain a short barrel residence preform designed with a thinner time and eliminate the chance of endcap might also be desired in order material degradation. It is important to

Page 1 of 4 NatureWorks, Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the USA and other countries. NW7032D_040111V1 Ingeo™ Biopolymer 7032D Drying 4. Introduce Ingeo resin into the pearlescence and optimize material In-line drying capabilities are essential injection molder at the distribution. recommended operating to process Ingeo biopolymer 7032D, temperatures. (See operating which is supplied with a moisture Preforms made out of Ingeo temperatures listed.) content of less than 0.04% (400 ppm). biopolymer can be run on both single – The recommended moisture content to 5. It will be obvious when pure and two-stage conventional blow prevent viscosity degradation and Ingeo is being extruded, as it molding equipment. Ingeo gives a clear, steady melt. possible lactide reformation is less biopolymer has a lower extensional than 0.010% (100ppm). Typical drying 6. At shutdown, purge machine with viscosity than PET, and so is easier to conditions for Ingeo biopolymer 7032D a high-viscosity resin, such as stretch. The use of pre-blow pressure are 4-6 hours at 149°F-185°F (65- PP. and timing are important control 85°C) with desiccated air that has a parameters to help manage material distribution throughout the bottle. dew point of at least -40°F (-40°C), Note: If transitioning from PET to and an airflow rate of greater than 0.5 Ingeo polymer, it is advised to first cfm/lb of pellets. The resin should not transition from these materials to a low Bottle Design be exposed to atmospheric conditions melt index (higher viscosity), PP. The performance of a heat set bottle after drying. Transfer lines and Follow this transition to a higher MI utilizes the attributes of a good bottle hoppers should be sealed or padded (lower viscosity) PP. All PET polymers design, which considers the following: with inert gas. Keep resin package must be cleaned and expelled from sealed until ready to use and promptly vessels and the extrusion system • Vacuum relief reseal packages of unused material. before Ingeo is introduced. Next, • Reinforcement See our NatureWorks LLC lower temperatures to recommended • Base structure ‘Crystallizing and Drying’ guide for starting conditions for Ingeo before • Finish stability more information. Before introducing continuing the startup process. • Weight, wall thickness, and Ingeo biopolymer into any vessel, the material distribution vessel should be clean and free of any Blow Molding the Container cross-polymer contamination. All of these features help improve Processing Ingeo biopolymer 7032D vacuum resistance, prevents bottle for heat setting requires attention to Process Details panels from collapsing and ovalization preform temperature, mold to occur, minimizes shrinkage, and temperature, and material distribution. Startup and Shutdown improves top load strength. Maximizing mold residence time Ingeo biopolymer 7032D is not improves Ingeo heat set bottle compatible with a wide variety of The finish and base areas of the bottle performance. However, one will need resins, and special purging sequences may still be sensitive to heat since they to optimize production rate while should be followed: haven’t been stretched. For example, maintaining the dimensional stability 1. At normal operating bottles used for hot fill applications requirements of the filling process. temperatures for the current usually have a high push-up on the The use of a balayage stretch rod is polymer in the injection molder, base and ribbing for stabilization. purge with polypropylene (PP), required for cooling the bottle against Ingeo bottles have been found to work preferably starting with a low MI the hot blow mold. well with typical PET heat set bottle (high viscosity) PP, switching to a high MI (low viscosity) PP. designs. The base of any given bottle Re-heating of Preforms has a thicker material distribution than 2. Bring injection molder to steady The re-heating of the preforms is the sidewall. This thick area in the state at normal operating critical in getting a container with good bottle needs to be distributed well and temperatures for Ingeo while clarity and material distribution. cooled quickly. A base design that running PP. Typical preform temperatures for a includes ribs and a high pushup for 3. Vacuum out dryer, hopper two-stage blow molding process is in reinforcement is recommended. Sharp system, hoses, valves, and any the range of 80-100°C. This and aggressive edges and corners other potential points where temperature may be lower or higher should be avoided in the bottle design, contamination could occur. Dry depending on the preform design, Ingeo resin according to as Ingeo biopolymer stretches easier recommending drying conditions bottle design, and re-heating than PET and obtains good resolution & times. Ingeo needs to be dried equipment that are being used. It is of mold details. before thermal recommended that a reheat additive processing/extrusion. be used in order to minimize

Page 2 of 4 NatureWorks, Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the USA and other countries. NW7032D_040111V1 Ingeo™ Biopolymer 7032D materials and, as such, is a permitted that these articles in their actual use Compostability component of such materials pursuant are in compliance with the imposed to section 201(s) of the Federal, Drug, specific and overall migration Composting is a method of waste and Cosmetic Act, and Parts 182, 184, requirements. disposal that allows organic materials and 186 of the Food Additive to be recycled into a product that can Regulations. All additives and This grade as supplied meets be used as a valuable soil amendment. adjuncts contained in the referenced European Parliament and Council Ingeo biopolymer is made of polylactic Ingeo biopolymer formulation meet Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December acid, a repeating chain of lactic acid, the applicable sections of the Federal 1994 on packaging and packaging which undergoes a 2-step degradation Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The waste heavy metal content as process. First, the moisture and heat in finished polymer is approved for all described in Article 11. It is the compost pile attack the polymer food types and B-H use conditions. recoverable in the form of material chains and split them apart, creating We urge all of our customers to recycling, energy recovery, smaller polymers, and finally, lactic perform GMP (Good Manufacturing composting, and biodegradable per acid. Microorganisms in compost and Procedures) when constructing a Annex II point 3, subject to the soil consume the smaller polymer package so that it is suitable for the standards of the local community. fragments and lactic acid as nutrients. end use. Again, for any application, Again, for any application, should you Since lactic acid is widely found in should you need further clarification, need further clarification, please do not nature, a large number of organisms please do not hesitate to contact hesitate to contact NatureWorks LLC. metabolize lactic acid. At a minimum, NatureWorks LLC. fungi and bacteria participate in this Bulk Storage degradation process. The end result of European Status Recommendations the process is carbon dioxide, water This grade of Ingeo biopolymer and also humus, a soil nutrient. This The resin silos recommended and complies with Commission Directive degradation process is temperature used by NatureWorks LLC are 2002/72/EC as amended by and humidity dependent. Regulatory designed to maintain dry air in the silo 2004/19/EC, 2005/79/EC, 2007/19/EC, guidelines and standards for and to be isolated from the outside air. 2008/39/EC, and 2009/975/EC. No composting revolve around four basic This design would be in contrast to an SML’s for the above referenced grade criteria: Material Characteristics, open, vented to atmosphere system exist in Commission Directive Biodegradation, Disintegration, and that we understand to be a typical 2002/72/EC or as amended by Ecotoxicity. Description of the polystyrene resin silo. Key features 2004/19/EC, 2005/79/EC, 2007/19/EC, requirements of these testing can be that are added to a typical (example: 2008/39/EC, and 2009/975/EC. found in the appropriate geographical polystyrene) resin silo to achieve this NatureWorks LLC would like to draw area: DIN V 54900-1 (Germany), EN objective include a cyclone and rotary your attention to the fact that the EU- 13432 (EU), ASTM D 6400 (USA), valve loading system and some Directive 2002/72/EC, which applies to GreenPla (Japan). This grade of Ingeo pressure vessel relief valves. The dry all EU-Member States, includes a limit biopolymer meets the requirements of air put to the system is sized to the of 10 mg/dm2 of the overall migration these four standards with limitation of resin flow rate out of the silo. Not too from finished plastic articles into food. maximum thickness 2.0mm. much dry air would be needed and In accordance with EU-Directive there may be excess instrument air (- 2002/72/EC the migration should be 30°F dew point) available in the plant Food Packaging Status measured on finished articles placed to meet the needs for dry air. Our into contact with the foodstuff or U.S. Status estimate is 10 scfm for a 20,000 lb/hr appropriate food simulants for a period On January 3, 2002 FCN 000178 rate resin usage. Typically, resin and at a temperature which are chosen submitted by NatureWorks LLC to FDA manufacturers specify aluminum or by reference to the contact conditions became effective. This effective stainless steel silos for their own use in actual use, according to the rules notification is part of list currently and avoid epoxy-lined steel. laid down in EU-Directives 93/8/EEC maintained on FDA’s website at (amending 82/711/EEC) and

85/572/EEC http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/opa- fcn.html Please note that it is the responsibility

of both the manufacturers of finished This grade of Ingeo biopolymer may food contact articles as well as the therefore be used in food packaging industrial food packers to make sure

Page 3 of 4 NatureWorks, Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the USA and other countries. NW7032D_040111V1 Ingeo™ Biopolymer 7032D Safety and Handling Considerations Local exhaust ventilation is recom-mended Environmental Concerns for melt operations. Use safety glasses if Material Safety Data (MSD) sheets for Generally speaking, lost pellets are not a there is a potential for exposure to particles Ingeo biopolymers are available from problem in the environment except under which could cause mechanical injury to the NatureWorks LLC. MSD sheets are eye. If vapor exposure causes eye unusual circumstances when they enter the provided to help customers satisfy their own marine environment. They are benign in discomfort, use a full-face respirator. No handling, safety, and disposal needs, and terms of their physical environmental other precautions other than clean, body- those that may be required by locally covering clothing should be needed for impact, but if ingested by waterfowl or applicable health and safety regulations, aquatic life, they may mechanically cause handling Ingeo biopolymers. Use gloves such as OSHA (U.S.A.), MAK (Germany), adverse effects. Spills should be minimized, with insulation for thermal protection when or WHMIS (Canada). MSD sheets are exposure to the melt is localized. and they should be cleaned up when they updated regularly; therefore, please request happen. Plastics should not be discarded and review the most current MSD sheets into the ocean or any other body of water. before handling or using any product. Combustibility Ingeo biopolymers will burn. Clear to white Product Stewardship The following comments apply only to Ingeo smoke is produced when product burns. NatureWorks LLC has a fundamental duty biopolymers; additives and processing aids Toxic fumes are released under conditions to all those that make and use our products, used in fabrication and other materials used of incomplete combustion. Do not permit and for the environment in which we live. in finishing steps have their own safe-use dust to accumulate. Dust layers can be This duty is the basis for our Product profile and must be investigated separately. ignited by spontaneous combustion or other Stewardship philosophy, by which we ignition sources. When suspended in air, assess the health and environmental dust can pose an explosion hazard. Hazards and Handling Precautions information on our products and their Firefighters should wear positive-pressure, Ingeo biopolymers have a very low degree intended use, then take appropriate steps self-contained breathing apparatuses and of toxicity and, under normal conditions of to protect the environment and the health of full protective equipment. Water or water use, should pose no unusual problems from our employees and the public. fog is the preferred extinguishing medium. incidental ingestion, or eye and skin Foam, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon contact. However, caution is advised when dioxide or dry chemicals may also be used. Customer Notice handling, storing, using, or disposing of Soak thoroughly with water to cool and NatureWorks LLC encourages its these resins, and good housekeeping and prevent re-ignition. customers and potential users of its controlling of dusts are necessary for safe products to review their applications for handling of product. Workers should be such products from the standpoint of protected from the possibility of contact with Disposal human health and environmental quality. To molten resin during fabrication. Handling DO NOT DUMP INTO ANY SEWERS, ON help ensure our products are not used in and fabrication of resins can result in the THE GROUND, OR INTO ANY BODY OF ways for which they were not intended or generation of vapors and dusts that may WATER. For unused or uncontaminated tested, our personnel will assist customers cause irritation to eyes and the upper material, the preferred options include in dealing with ecological and product respiratory tract. In dusty atmospheres, use recycling into the process or sending to an safety considerations. Your sales an approved dust respirator. Pellets or industrial composting facility, if available; representative can arrange the proper beads may present a slipping hazard. Good otherwise, send to an incinerator or other contacts. NatureWorks LLC literature, general ventilation of the polymer thermal destruction device. For used or including Material Safety Data sheets, processing area is recommended. At contaminated material, the disposal options should be consulted prior to the use of the temperatures exceeding the polymer melt remain the same, although additional company’s products. These are available temperature (typically 170ºC), polymer can evaluation is required. (For example, in the from your NatureWorks LLC representative. release fumes, which may contain U.S.A., see 40 CFR, Part 261, fragments of the polymer, creating a “Identification and Listing of Hazardous potential to irritate eyes and mucous Waste.”) All disposal methods must be in membranes. Good general ventilation compliance with Federal, State/Provincial, should be sufficient for most conditions. and local laws and regulations.

NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by NatureWorks LLC or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. NatureWorks LLC assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

NOTICE REGARDING PROHIBITED USE RESTRICTIONS: NatureWorks LLC does not recommend any of its products, including samples, for use as: Components of, or packaging for, tobacco products; Components of products where the end product is intended for human or animal consumption; In any application that is intended for any internal contact with human body fluids or body tissues; As a critical component in any medical device that supports or sustains human life; In any product that is designed specifically for ingestion or internal use by pregnant women; and in any application designed specifically to promote or interfere with human reproduction.

For additional information please contact NatureWorks via our website on the tab called FAQ’s or by clicking here. 15305 Minnetonka Blvd., Minnetonka, MN 55345

Page 4 of 4 NatureWorks, Ingeo and the Ingeo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the USA and other countries. NW7032D_040111V1