SEALS XII Papers from the 12Th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (2002) Edited by Ratree Wayland John Hartmann and Paul Sidwell
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Pacific Linguistics Electronic Publication E-4 SEALS XII Papers from the 12th annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (2002) edited by Ratree Wayland John Hartmann and Paul Sidwell Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Pacific Linguistics E-4 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Alexander Adelaar, University of Melbourne University Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, Universitas Atma Studies Jaya Byron Bender, University of Hawai‘i Marian Klamer, Universiteit Leiden Walter Bisang, Johannes Gutenberg- Harold Koch, The Australian National Universität Mainz University Robert Blust, University of Hawai‘i Frantisek Lichtenberk, University of David Bradley, La Trobe University Auckland Lyle Campbell, University of Utah John Lynch, University of the South Pacific James Collins, Universiti Kebangsaan Patrick McConvell, Australian Institute of Malaysia Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Bernard Comrie, Max Planck Institute for Studies Evolutionary Anthropology William McGregor, Aarhus Universitet Soenjono Dardjowidjojo, Universitas Atma Ulrike Mosel, Christian-Albrechts- Jaya Universität zu Kiel Matthew Dryer, State University of New York Claire Moyse-Faurie, Centre National de la at Buffalo Recherche Scientifique Jerold A. Edmondson, University of Texas Bernd Nothofer, Johann Wolfgang Goethe- at Arlington Universität Frankfurt am Main Nicholas Evans, University of Melbourne Ger Reesink, Universiteit Leiden Margaret Florey, Monash University Lawrence Reid, University of Hawai‘i William Foley, University of Sydney Jean-Claude Rivierre, Centre National de la Karl Franklin, Summer Institute of Recherche Scientifique Linguistics Melenaite Taumoefolau, University of Charles Grimes, Universitas Kristen Artha Auckland Wacana Kupang Tasaku Tsunoda, University of Tokyo Nikolaus Himmelmann, Ruhr-Universität John Wolff, Cornell University Bochum Elizabeth Zeitoun, Academica Sinica SEALS XII Papers from the 12th annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2002 edited by Ratree Wayland John Hartmann and Paul Sidwell Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Pacific Linguistics E-4 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. Copyright in this edition is vested with Pacific Linguistics First published 2007 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Meeting (12th : 2002 : De Kalb, Ill. ). Seals XII : papers from the 12th annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 2002. ISBN 9780858835788 (pbk.). 1. Southeast Asia - Languages - Congresses. I. Wayland, Ratree. II. Hartmann, John F. III. Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Pacific Linguistics. IV. Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. V. Title. 495 Published by Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA http://pacling.com Table of contents Preface vii Note ix A look at North-Central Vietnamese 1 Mark J. Alves Genitive constructions in Lai 9 George Bedell Four-word phrases in Lao discourse: yuu4 dii2 mii3 hEEN3 23 Carol J. Compton Austronesian ergativity traced through two cycles 37 Joseph C. Finney Pragmatic influence on pronouns in Lai (Hakha) Chin, with especial reference to focus and contrast 79 Cue Hlun Sinification of the Zhuang people, culture, and their language 89 Pingwen Huang Orientation origins: the source of Jru' cardinals 101 Pascale Jacq and Paul Sidwell On the so-called abstract nominaliser naak in Lai (Hakha) Chin with remarks upon its other fuctions in Chin languages and its etymology 107 F.K. Lehman (Chit Hlaing) and Ceu Hlun The Mon-Khmer substrate in Chamic: Chamic, Bahnaric and Katuic contact 113 Paul Sidwell From Malay to Sinitic: the restructuring of Tsat under intense language contact 129 Graham Thurgood and Fengxiang Li Perceptual discrimination of Thai tones by naïve and experienced learners of Thai 137 Ratree Wayland and Susan Guion Tonogenesis in Khmer 145 Ratree Wayland and Susan Guion A comparative study of rice culture words in the Ge-Yang and Kam-Tai language 153 Zhou Guoyan v vi SEALS papers not appearing in this volume: Heritage language and culture: loss and maintenance Rhodalyne Crail Intergeneration transmission of the mother tongue in a minority language community: a case study of Black Tai in Thailand Natthida Chakshuraksha The Laha language and its position in Proto-Kra Jerry Edmondson An optimality theoretic approach to Mandarin passive Nissa Huishan Lin Peeling back the past: GIS study of the emergence of Tai irrigated rice engineering and culture Wei Luo and John Hartmann Borrowed animal terms in Hmong-Mien languages David Mortensen Orientalism and the standardization of spoken Vietnamese into Quoc Ngu Hanh Nguyen Historical genetic studies of Southeast Asian languages Jim Placzek Crossing the klong: learning inside and outside the classroom SEAsite staff - www.SEAsite.niu.edu as a tool for teaching Southeast Asian languages and cultures Herbert C. Purnell Refinements in fieldwork methodology: case study - comparative linguistic work on Tai irrigated rice agriculture in Southern China Vinya Sysamouth Subgrouping in Kuki-Chin Kenneth Van Bik Preface The Southeast Asian Linguistics Society History and Goals The Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (SEALS) was conceived by Martha Ratliff and Eric Schiller in 1990 as a needed forum for the linguists who have the languages of mainland and Pacific Southeast Asia as their primary research focus. It is our hope that the activities of the Society will lead to: 1. greater communication within this group of scholars, especially across the gap which has heretofore divided researchers of mainland Southeast Asian languages and the Austronesian languages of the Pacific; 2. needed publication of descriptive, theoretical and historical accounts of these languages, in the first instance in the form of these proceedings volumes; and 3. greater awareness of these languages by non-specialist linguists, many of whom attempt to make universal and typological generalizations about the human language faculty without the important corrective which knowledge of Southeast Asian languages provides. To these ends the Society hosts an annual international meeting as the primary means to support these goals. Specific projects, publications, and services beyond those of an annual meeting and the publication of the meeting proceedings will be at the discretion of the members of the Society. Scope The Southeast Asian Linguistics Society was founded with the idea of giving language researchers with a ‘non-northern’ Asian focus a place to share their findings and ideas. In terms of genetic affiliation, investigation into any aspect of Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, or Tibeto-Burman languages may be relevant to our members. Although the common thread we recognize in the first instance is geographical, the boundaries of the Southeast Asian area are not clear, and we would not like to be responsible for trying to draw them rigidly. For example, students of languages which have a historical connection to the languages of the area but which are geographically outside and/or typologically unlike those in the Southeast Asian group would be welcome to participate in our meetings and publications as would students of the typologically similar Chinese languages of southern China. vii viii The Twelfth Annual Meeting The twelfth meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society took place at Northern Illinois University in De Kalb, Illinois on May 15-17, 2002.There were twenty-eight presentations in all. The keynote speakers were Professor Theraphan L. Thongkham of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok and Professor Graham Thurgood of California State University-Chico, respectively. Dr. Thongkham spoke on “Old Tai Dam (Black