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A Description of Buyang Language in China Metcha Sodsongkrit Faculty of Liberal Arts, Ubon Ratchathani University
Abstract This article is an ethnolinguistic description of the Buyang language which is classified as newly discovered language in China. Chinese scholars have classified Buyang language under Sino- Tibetan language family, Zhuang-Dong branch, Ge-Yang sub-branch. The data from this study is mainly conclusion translated and synthesized from Chinese scholars’ research, then finding a relationship with Thai language. The article presents two main aspects: 1. Buyang ethnic information and 2. Buyang language description which consists of: (1) language classification (2) phonology (3) word system (4) grammar and (5) dialects. From the investigation, there is little data available about Buyang language in Thai linguistics. Previous Thai researchers mostly studied Buyang language information from foreign and some of Thai scholars’ research, but scarcely from Chinese scholars. This article will provide information about Buyang language from Chinese scholars so that Thai scholars are able to conduct further research related to the topic.
Keywords: Buyang, Ge-Yang, Tai language family, Kadai languages ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
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163 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
¨nµª¹µ¦ oµ¤Îʵ oµ¤³Á¨ nªµª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°ªnµ®µ ( ¤¨¥¼µ ) Ȥ¸Á¦ºÉ°Á¨nµªnµ µµ·Â®nµÅ¨ Áȷ¸ɤ¸ /lam33 mak55 lam33 ݣaż24/ “ Îʵ ¤µ¤¡¥¡°¬«¦«¡¦¦ ( °Îʵ ¥´” ( εªnµ ݣaż24 ÁȺɰ¸Éµª¼o¥´Á¦¸¥´ªÁ µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ oµ®¦»¤¸¦¦¡»¦»¬´Åo 12 ¦»n Ânn°®oµ´Ê¤¸¨»n¤ ¸É°¡¥¡¤µ´Ê·Éµ¸É£¼Á µ “ ¼oÁ¸¥” ( ᐳ᧕ኡ Bùji Ɲ sh Ɨn) ¹É°¥¼nĨo´oµ®¦»¤µÂ¨oª 60 ªnµ¸ µª¼o¥´¸É¸É¹nµ³°¡¥¡¤µÂ¨oªÅ¤no°¥ªnµ 300 ¸ nªµª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®·Â¨³°ÎµÁ£°n ªnµ®µ°¡¥¡¤µ£µ¥®¨´ ÁºÉ°µ´¦¦¡»¦»¬ÅoÁ¡¸¥ 5 ¦»n ¡«µªµ¦£¼¤·µ¤ °°ÎµÁ£° ¢¼®·n ljᇼᆱ৯ൠᘇ Fùníng xiàn Dìmíng zhì NJoµ®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ oµÁ¸É¥ ®¨µ ¹ÉÁȷɵ °µª¼o¥´Èn°´Ê ¹ÊĤ´¥¦µª«r· (1644-1912) 2 Á¤ºÉ°¡·µ¦µµ£¼¤·µ¤Ä¤´¥Ã¦µ °¡ºÊ¸ÉÁ¸¥¸®µ ¨³¡ºÊ¸É¦°¥n°´ ¤¨ªnµ¸ ÅoÂnÁ °ÎµÁ£°Á¸¥®¨· ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ®¨®¨· ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¨³¸®¨· (㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸Îµªnµ “ ¥´” ¦µ°¥¼nĺɰ»¤®¨µ¥Â®n Ã¥Á¡µ³Ä¡«µªµ¦´®ª´·É°¸Ê ljޤѹᓌᘇ Xìngyì f ԃ zhì NJ¸É´¹Ä¤´¥¦µª«r· (1853) ¨nµª¹ºÉ°®¤¼noµ¸ÉÁÈÁ ¦° °´®ª´·É°¸Ê ¤¸ºÉ°¸É¦³°oª¥Îµªnµ “ ¥´” 25 ®¤¼noµ Án ¥´ª´É ( ཞᰪ YƗngwàng ) ¥´Ãªn (ཞগ YƗngwò ) ¥´Á¸¥ ( ཞ⾕ YƗngxiáng ) ¥´ ¼ ( ཞ⾿ YƗngfú ) ¥´Á· ( ཞ YƗngpén ) ¥´Á¨n° (ཞҀ YƗnglè ) ¥´Á®¤¥ ( ཞẵ YƗngméi ) ¥´· ( ཞᒣ YƗngpíng ) ¥´®¥µ ( ཞ⢉ YƗng yá ) ¥´Ã¥nª (ཞց yƗng yòu ) ÁÈo nªÄ´¹ ºÉ°lj≁᯿ᘇ Mínzú zhì NJ“¡«µªµ¦Ánµ” Ȥ¸´¹ ºÉ° °®¤¼noµÄ°ÎµÁ£°Án°Á±· ( Ә Cèh Ɲng ) ¸É¦³°oª¥Îµªnµ “ ¥´” 19 ®¤¼noµ Án ¥´Á¸É¥ (ཞᘥ YƗngniàn ) ¥´nµª ( ཞ㥹 YƗngc ӽo) ¥´µ ( ཞᒢ YƗngg Ɨn) ¥´®· ( ཞᆱ YƗngníng ) ¥´Ã®¥nª ( ཞ৻ YƗngyou ) ¥´ µ ( ཞࠑ YƗngfán ) ÁÈo »´Á °ÎµÁ£°Á¸¥®¨·´ ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ®¨®¨· ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¨³¸®¨· ( 㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸Îµªnµ “ ¥´” ¦µ°¥¼nĺɰ»¤®¨µ¥Â®n ¨nµªº° °ÎµÁ£°Á¸¥®¨· ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ¤¸ 17 ®¤¼noµ Án ¥´®ª´ ( ཞ⦻ YƗngwáng ) ¥´ qµ¥ (ཞⲭ YƗngbái ) ¨·Éª¥´ ( ޝཞ Liùy Ɨng ) ¥´ ཞ Gǀngy Ɨng ) ¥´Áµ ( ཞᵍ YƗngcháo ) ÁÈo °ÎµÁ£°®¨®¨· ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¤¸ 5 ®¤¼noµ) ÅoÂn ·¥´ ( ᒣཞ Píngy Ɨng ) ´¥´ ( ᖃཞ DƗngy Ɨng ) ¥´¨nµ ( ཞ㝺 YƗnglà ) ¥´´Éª ( ཞ㍒ YƗngsu ԁ) ¡nµ¥´ ( ⮄ཞ Pàny Ɨng ) ¨³°ÎµÁ£°¸®¨· ( 㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸ 11 ®¤¼noµ Án nµ¥´ ( 䛓ཞ Nàyang ) nµ¥´ ( ᶯཞ Bӽnyang ) ¥´Á®ª¥ ( ཞѪ YƗngwèi ) ¥´ªµ ( ཞݹ YƗnggu Ɨng ) ¥´µ ( ཞ㥦 YƗngchá ) ÁÈo ºÉ°®¤¼noµ®¦º°ºÉ°µ¸É¸É¤¸Îµªnµ “ ¥´” ¦µ¸Ê µ¤Îµ°Á¨nµ °µªoªÂ¨³µª¼o°¸ ¹ÉÁȨ»n¤µ·¡´»r¸ÉÁÈÁoµ °´ÊÁ·¤ °¡ºÊ¸É¤¸ªµ¤ÁºÉ°ªnµ ÁÈ®¤¼noµ¸Éµª¼o¥´Á¥´Ê·Éµ 2 㯯 Qián ÁȺɰ¥n° °¤¨»o¥Ãª 㯯す Qián xi ®¤µ¥¹ »o¥Ãª³ª´ 㯯༡ Qián nán ®¤µ¥¹ »o¥ÃªÄo
164 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
°¥¼n°µ«´¥ ®¦º°Å¤nÈÁȸɸɵª¼o¥´Á¥°¡¥¡nµ °µ¸Ê¥´¤¸®¨´µµª´¦¦¤°¥nµ®¹É 3 °µª¼o°¸Ä¤¨»o¥Ãª Án µª¼o°¸¸Éoµ¥´ ¼ oµ¥´Á· oµ¥´¨nµ ¨³oµ¥´ª´É ¤¸ªµ¤ÁºÉ° Á¸É¥ª´ “ µ¦¼µo¨oµ” ®¦º°Á¦¸¥°¸ºÉ°ªnµ “ µ¦¼µ»nµ¼o¥´” Ī´¸É 6 Áº° 6 Á¡¦µ³º°ªnµ »nµ¸ÉÅoÄoÁ¡µ³¨¼°¥¼n»ª´¸ÊÁÈ»¼µ¦µµ¦»Á·¡ºÊ¸É¨³®´¦oµµ¡Ã ¥µª¼o¥´ ¤µÂn°¸ o°¤¼¨µ¦°¡¥¡¥oµ¥·É °¨»n¤o°¥Ä¥¼µÄªµ¤ °¢ µ®»o¥n (Fan Honggui, 1988, pp. 132-135) Ä®o o°¤¼¨ªnµ µªoªÄ°ÎµÁ£°Á®¤·É®¨oµ ¤¨¥¼µ Á¦¸¥´ªÁ°ªnµ “ ¼o¥´” (Á ¸¥ÁÈ°´¬¦¸ªnµ ᐳཞ Bùy Ɨng ®¦º° ᐳ⌻ Bùyáng ) µªÅÁ¦¸¥¨»n¤¸Êªnµ “ ¼o¥´” µª±´É Á¦¸¥ªnµ “ µ ” ( ⋉Ӫ Sh Ɨ rén ) ¨»n¤¸ÊÁ¥¤¸·É¸É°¥¼nĦ³Á«¨µª¤µn° ´·¬µªnµÁÈ µª¼o¥´¸É®¨°¤¦ª¤¤µÁȵªoª Áoµµ¦°¡¥¡ °µª¼o¥´¨»n¤¸ÊÁ¦¸¥¨Îµ´Ã¥ÄoÁ¦ºÉ°®¤µ¥ ( ĺ ´¸Ê ªnµ¸ ( ᒯ㾯 Gu ӽngx Ư) ĺ Á®ª·µ ( ᮷ኡ Wénsh Ɨn) ĺ ®¥ª®¥µ ( ݳ䱣 Yuányang ĺ Á¸¥Á· ( ⊏ Ji Ɨngchéng ) ĺ ¨µª ( 㘱᥍ Lӽow ǀ) ĺ Á®¤·É®¨oµ ( ऀ㝺 MČnglà ) µÎµ°Á¨nµÂ¨³Á¦ºÉ°Á¨nµºn°´¤µ °µª¼o¥´Á°È¨oªÁ¸É¥ª o°´µ¦°¡¥¡¥oµ¥·É Án µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®·Á¨nµªnµ “¦¦¡»¦»¬ °µª¼o¥´¤¸¡¸Éo°µ¤ ¡¸Éôʷɵ¸É °ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ ¡¸É¦°Å°¥¼n¸ÉÁ Á®ª·µ nªÁ¨ÈÅ°¥¼n¸ÉÁª¸¥µ¤ ” ¡¸Éo°µ¤´¸Éªnµ¸Ê nµ³®¤µ¥¹µ¦°¡¥¡ °µª¼o¥´µ¤¨»n¤¸ÉÂ¥¥oµ¥´Åµ¤Ân¨³Áoµ o°¤¼¨¸ÉÁ®¨¸¥®¤·É (Liang Min,1990, pp. 13-21) ´·¬µÁ¸É¥ª´µ¦°¡¥¡µ¤ÁoµÅoÂn Áoµ¸É®¹É °¡¥¡ª¦³ÂÎʵÁ¨¸¥ ¤nÎʵ¼Á¸¥¸É ¹Êŵ·«Á®º°´É (µ¥Â¤nÎʵ®Á¸¥ᬅ 㓒⊏ Hóngji Ɨng ) ¨oªÁ oµ¼n ³ª´Á¸¥Á®º° °ªnµ¸´É Áoµ¸É°°¡¥¡ª¦³ÂÎʵ Á¨¸¥ ¤nÎʵ¼Á¸¥¸É ¨Åµ·«Äo´É ( º°µ¥Â¤nÎʵ¥Á¸¥ᬆ 䛅⊏ Yǀngji Ɨng ´ÉªÁ¸¥ ᐖ⊏ Zu ԁji Ɨng ¨³Ã¥nªÁ¸¥ ਣ⊏ Yòuji Ɨng ) ¨oªÁ oµ¼n ³ª´Á¸¥Äo °ªnµ¸´É Áoµ ؍°ÎµÁ£°·Ê¸ ( 䶆㾯 Jìngxi ) Áq°ᬇµªn ( ᗧ ɵ¤º°¨»n¤¸É´Ê·Éµ¦³®ªnµÁoµ°¡¥¡ Ⱥ°Á¸ Déb ӽo) ¨³nµÃ¡ ( 䛓එ Nàp ǀ) Á°È¤´´Â¨³®¨¸·É¢µ (Edmondson, J.A. and Jinfang, L.,1996, pp. 983-990) Ä®o o°¤¼¨Á¸É¥ª´Áoµµ¦°¡¥¡ °µª¼o¥´Á¦¸¥¨Îµ´Ã¥ÄoÁ¦ºÉ°®¤µ¥ ĺ ´¸Ê Á¸¥¸®µ ĺ ªnµ¸ ( °ÎµÁ£°Á¸¥®¨· ®¨®¨·Â¨³¸®¨·) ĺ ¥¼µ ( ´®ª´ªnµ®· ¨³ªnµ ¼) ĺ ¹¥»¦µ ª«r· oª¥Á®»ªµ¤Á®¨ºÉ°¤¨Îʵ °¦³°«´·µÁÈÁ®»Ä®o¨»n¤o°¥nµ ¼´´Ä®o°¡¥¡Å°¥¼nÄ¡ºÊ¸É´µ¦®nµÅ¨ °´ÁÈ¡ºÊ¸ÉÁ Å nÁo° °¤¨ªnµ¸ 3 ®¤¼noµ´Ê®¤¸ÊÄ¡«µªµ¦ÄoºÉ°°´¬¦¸ªnµ ኸ yƗng »´Á¨¸É¥¤µÄo°´¬¦´ ⛚ °°Á¸¥Á®¤º°´ °´¬¦Á·¤Â¨ªnµ “ ¨µ ” °´¬¦Ä®¤n¨ªnµ “ o¨oµ” ´´Êµ¦¼µ “ »nµ¼o¥´” ÈÁ¦¸¥Á¤º°µ¦¼µ “ o¨oµ” Å¡¦o°¤´
165 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
(ᒯ㾯Ⲯ㢢ൠ४ Gu ӽngxi B ӽisè ) ¨³Á Á®ª·µ ¤¨¥¼µ ( Ӂই᮷ኡᐎ Yúnnán Wénsh Ɨn zh ǀu) Ä »´´ ĺ µ´Ê¹¦³´¦³µ¥¨Åµ°Á®º° °Áª¸¥µ¤ ¨µªÂ¨³Å¥ µÁoµµ¦°¡¥¡³Á®Èªnµ µª¼o¥´Á¦·É¤oµ»o¥Ãª ¤µ°¥¼nÄ¡ºÊ¸É¥¼µÂ¨³ ªnµ¸Ä »´´ oµÁn´Ê¦¦¡»¦»¬¸ÉÁÈoεÁ· °µª¼o¥´ÂnÁ·¤Èº°»o¥Ãª Ân¤¸®¨´µ µÎµ«´¡r¸Éεżn o°´¥°¸´Ê®¹ÉȺ° ε«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸Îµ«´¡r¸É¡o°´£µ¬µÂ oª -Ũ³Â o-»n¥ ÂnÄoĪµ¤®¤µ¥nµ´ ¼ o°¤¼¨n°Å¸Ê
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166 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
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ÁȦ¦¡»¦»¬ °¨»n¤µ·¡´»rnµ Ç ¸É°µ«´¥°¥¼nĦ³Á«¸°Äo µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ ¤¨ªnµ¸¤¸µnªÁ¦¸¥´ªÁ°ªnµ “ Á¥n®¨µ ” ε°Îµ¸Ê¤¸ªµ¤Á¸É¥ª o°´Îµªnµ ㋔ Yuè ¹ÉÁÈεÁ¦¸¥Â¨³¡ºÊ¸ÉÁ¨¸¥µ¥ ³Á¨Â¤¨ªnµ´É ´·¬µªnµ εªnµ 䎺 Ⱥ°Îµªnµ ㋔ °´¬¦°´ª¸Ê°°Á¸¥Á®¤º°´ªnµ /yue/ Á¡¸¥ÂnÁ ¸¥¨³°¥nµ ¦¦µ¨»n¤o°¥ ¦³¼¨ÅŤn¤¸Á¸¥¦³ /y/ Á¤ºÉ°³°°Á¸¥ /yue/ ȳ°°Á¸¥ÁÈ /je/ ¹ÉȦ´Îµªnµ “ Á¥n” ¸É µª¼o¥´Á¦¸¥´ªÁ°ªnµ “ Á¥n®¨µ ” ´ÉÁ° µ¨µµ¦«¹¬µÂ¨³ o°´·¬µ °´ª·µµ¦¸ÉÅo°·µ¥¤µ oµo ¦» o°¤¼¨ Á¸É¥ª´ ¦³ª´·«µ¦r °µª¼o¥´Åoªnµ µª¼o¥´Á·¤°µ«´¥°¥¼n¡ºÊ¸É®¨·É®µÂµ¥ ³Á¨´É 4 £µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥¼o¸É¡¼£µ¬µÁªnµ “ ®¨·Áµ ” ( ᷜ㧗 Líng Ɨo) o°¤¼¨µ¦´Ân¦³¼¨£µ¬µ °Á®¨¸¥®¤·É¨³ µª·®¦¼ Ä®´º° “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ®¨·Áµ ” ´£µ¬µÁÁÈ£µ¬µ¸É°¥¼n£µ¥Äo¦³¼¨¸-·Á µ µ oª -o ÂnŤnÅo´Á oµÁȤµ· °Â £µ¬µÄ Ân´ÁÈ£µ¬µ°·¦³¸É¤¸ªµ¤Ä¨o·´£µ¬µoª (Liang Min, Zhang Junru, 1997, p. 1)
167 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
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´Ê´ª ¤¸oµÃ¡®´ª¡´ÁÈÂnoµ¥ ªµ¨oµ¥Á µªµ¥ µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®·®·ª¤ÁºÊ°¨Îµ´ª´Ên oµ»¥µª µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡´Êµ¥Â¨³®·¥µ¤·ª¤µÁ¥µª¹®´ªÁ nµ nª®· oµ·¥¤ª¤ÁºÊ°¸ÎʵÁ·Â¨³¸Îµ ¨ª¨µ¥¸Éµ¥ÁºÊ°Â¨³ª¤oµ»´ µ¥¤¸oµÃ¡®´ª¸Îµ ¨³ ·¥¤Á¦ºÉ°¦³´¸Éεoª¥Á· ¸ª·ªµ¤ÁÈ°¥¼n oµÁ¦º° °µª¼o¥´¦oµoª¥Å¤o Äo»¼ µª¼o¥´¤¸ ¸¤º°µ¦¦oµ oµ
Ã¥ÄoŤo¨oª Ç Å¤nÄo³¼ Ân¤¸ªµ¤Â Ȧ »´µª¼´ o¥´µnªÁ¤ºÉ°µ³¸ ¹ÊÈ®´¤µ ¦oµoµoª¥°· ¦³ÁºÊ°¸É¤¸ªµ¤Â Ȧªnµ (Tan Yuping, 2014, online) °µ®µ¦µ¦· Á°¨´¬r°µ®µ¦ °µª¼o¥´Èº° “ µÎʵ¤´” εµ oµªÁ®¸¥ª»µÂ®o ´Éª´Éª ĵ µÎʵ¤´ ´ÉªÄ®oÁ®¨º° ¨oªÁ·¤Îʵ¨Å Á¤ºÉ°³ºÉ¤Èε oµªÃ¡´Éª ´Éª¨·´ÉªÄnÄoª¥ ¨oªÎµµ¸Éo¤¤µÁ Änoª¥ °µ¸Êµª¼o¥´¤¸Á®¨oµ®¤´¼¦¡·Á«¬¸É®¤´µ oµª®¦º° oµªÃ¡ Îʵ¹Ê Îʵµ¨ ÁÈÁ®¨oµ¦®ªµÂnÁ¤µnµ¥ µª¼o¥´·¥¤Äo°·É¸Êo°¦´Â ¼o¤µÁ¥º° (Tan Yuping, 2014, online)
2. µ¦¡¦¦µ£µ¬µ¼o¥´Äµµ¦¦´¦³µ¸ Ĩε´n°Å ³°·µ¥¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥ °£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ÅoÂn ¨µµ¦«¹¬µ£µ¬µ¼o¥´ µ¦´Ân¦³¼¨£µ¬µ ¦³Á¸¥ ¦³Îµ ¦³Åª¥µ¦r ¨³£µ¬µ·É ´¸Ê 2.1 ¨µµ¦«¹¬µ£µ¬µ¼o¥´Â¨³µ¦´Â ¦³¼¨£µ¬µn °µ¡«µªµ¦¸É¤¸¨nµª¹ºÉ°µª¼o¥´ ¹ÉÁÈ®¨´µ¹µ¦´Ê·Éµ °µª¼o¥´ Ä°¸Â¨oª ´ª·µµ¦¸Á¦·É¤¤¸µ¦¨nµª¹ºÉ°£µ¬µ¼o¥´Á¤ºÉ°«¹¬µ£µ¬µ¸ÉĨo·°ºÉ ®¦º°£µ¬µ ¼o¥´¸ÉÁ¦¸¥ºÉ°ÁȨ»n¤o°¥°ºÉ Án Á·¸ªµ Á¦ºÉ° ´Á £µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª (Chen Qiguang, 1984, pp. 62-75) ¢µ®»o¥n Á¦ºÉ° “ µ¦Îµ¦ª£µ¡µ·¡´»roªÄ°ÎµÁ£°Á®¤·É®¨oµ ¤¨¥¼µ ” (Fan Honggui, 1988, pp. 132-135) Á®¨¸¥®¤·É µ¤¨µ º° Á¦ºÉ° “ £µ¬µ¨³·” (Liang Min, 1989, pp. 152-160) Á¦ºÉ° “ ®µµ¦´¨»n¤£µ¬µÁ°´ -¥´” (Liang Min, 1990a) Á¦ºÉ° “The Buyang Language” (Liang Min, 1990b) ®¨¸·É¢µ ¤¸¨µªµ¤Â¨³®´º°®¨µ¥¨µ Án Á¦ºÉ° “´Á £µ¬µ¼o¥´” (Li Jinfang, 1996a) Á¦ºÉ° “The Second System of Baha Buyang” (Li Jinfang, 1996b) Á¦ºÉ° “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´” (Li Jinfang, 2000) Á¦ºÉ° “ µ¦Îµ¦ªÂ¨³«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ ¼o¥´¸É¢¼®·n ” (Li Jinfang, 2002) Á¦ºÉ° “ ´Á £µ¬µµ±µ -¼o¥´” (Li Jinfang, 2003) Á®°Á¥¸É¥Á· Á¦ºÉ° “ »¤»¤Á°µ¦Á¡ºÉ°µ¦«¹¬µÅª¥µ¦r£µ¬µÁ°¨µªÂ¨³£µ¬µ¼o¥´” (He Yancheng, 2011) ¨³Ã¤n®nµ¥Á®ª· Á¦ºÉ° “ Ū¥µ¦r£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°®¦»” (Mo Haiwen, 2016) ªµ¤Îµ´ °£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸ÉnµÄ°¥nµ®¹Éº° Á¤ºÉ°Á¦¸¥Á¸¥´£µ¬µ´ÊÁ·¤ ° £µ¬µ°°Ã¦ÁÁ¸¥ (Proto - Austronesian languages) ȳÁ®Èªnµ¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r´°¥nµ
169 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
Ĩo· (Li Jinfang, 2002, pp. 115-122) ¨³ (Li Jinfang, 2003, pp. 67-80) ´ o°¤¼¨Îµ«´¡r n°Å¸Ê
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5 εªnµ “ µ¥ ” ´Îµªnµ “ µ ” ¸É¦µÄµ¦µ¸Ê¥´¤¸ªµ¤°¨o°´£µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤ ´¸É ÁÁ· (Paul K. Benedict, 1983) Á®Èªµ¤Îµ´ °£µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤Äµ³¸É¤¸ªµ¤Îµ´n°µ¦º¦oµ¦³Á¸¥¡¥´³oÄ£µ¬µ ³Å ¨³¨nµªªnµ£µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤ÁÈ®¨´µÂ¨³»Âĵ¦º¦oµ£µ¬µ³Å Á¡¦µ³£µ¬µ¸Ê¤¸¦³¡¥´³o ª¨Îʵº° µ¦°°Á¸¥¦° (secondary articulation) Á¦·¤¦³°µ¦°°Á¸¥®¨´º°µ¦°°Á¸¥´ (obstruents) Án ε¸É£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å°°Á¸¥ªnµ “ µ ” ¨³ “ µ¥ ” £µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤°°Á¸¥ÁÈ /m ¤a, p ¤ai/ ¹É ¨oµ¥¨¹´¸ÉÁÁ·º¦oµÄ®o¤¸Ä£µ¬µ Austronesian ´ÊÁ·¤ÁÈεªnµ *mata ´ *matay °Á®º°µ¸Ê ¨µµ¦¡¦¦µ£µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤È®µ°nµn° oµ¥µ ¤¸¨µ °´ª·µµ¦¸ (Wang Jun and Zheng Guoqiao, 1979) ¨³¸É»n (Tatsuo Nishida, 1955) ¹ÉÈo°¤¸ªµ¤¦¼o´Ê°£µ¬µ¸Ê¹³°nµÅo ŤnÁn´ÊÈŤn¤¸Ã°µ Åo¦´¦µÁ¦ºÉ°¦µª °£µ¬µ¦³¼¨´¤-»¥ ( ¦»µ»¦·¥µ , 2548, . 123-126 ¨³Á·°¦¦¸É 34 . 182) 6 ÁºÉ°µ¦³Á¸¥ °£µ¬µÁ°¨µªÄ¨o·´£µ¬µµ µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ nªÎµ«´¡rĨo·´£µ¬µµ µoª -o ¨³Åª¥µ¦r¤¸ÂªÃo¤¨oµ¥´£µ¬µµ µoª -o ´´Êµ¦´Ân£µ¬µÁ°¨µª¹¥´ÁÈ o°´ µ°¥¼n ´ª·µµ¦¸¹ÅoÂ¥£µ¬µÁ°¨µª°°ÅÁÈ Į¤nnµ®µ£µ¥Äoµ µoª -o ÂnÄnÁ¦ºÉ°®¤µ¥ ? ε´Åªo n°¤µÁ¤ºÉ°o¡£µ¬µ¡Ä®¤n¹´´Ê Á° -¥´¸ÉÁȦ¼ÁȦnµ ¹Ê°¥nµ¤¼¦r ¨oª´£µ¬µ Á°¨µªÅªoÄ ¸Ê ( ¼¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥Â £µ¬µÁ°¨µª ? Ä Á¤ °n°§¬ , 2559, . 53-82)
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173 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
ε°·µ¥¦³Á¸¥¡¥´³ 1. ¡¥´³Á¸É¥ª·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥¤¸ 39 Á¸¥ ·Éµ±µ¤¸ 35 Á¸¥ ·ÉÁ°q°»¤¸ 21 Á¸¥·É ®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸ 25 Á¸¥ 2. ·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ ·Éµ±µ ·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸µ¦Á¦¸¥nµ °Á¸¥¡n¨¤´Å¤n¡n¨¤ Ân ·ÉÁ°q°»Å¤n¤¸Á¸¥¡n¨¤ °Á¸¥´Îµ®oµÁ¸¥o° / ݦ-/ ·É É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ ·ÉÁ°q°» ·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸¨´¬³· .3 µ±µÅ¤n¤¸ 4. ·Éµ±µ¤¸µ¦Á¦¸¥nµ´¦³®ªnµÁ¸¥¡¥´³µ·o° /m, n, ଔ, ƾ/ ´Á¸¥ 7 ³¸É·É µ·Å¤no° / m๑ , n๑, ଔ, 1/ ¨³Á¸¥o°· /v, l, ݣ/ ´Á¸¥o°¤¸¨¤ / v, l,๑ Û/ Ä ®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ ·ÉÁ°q°» ·É®¥nµ®¨µÅ¤n¤¸ ¨´¬³Á¦¸¥nµ °Á¸¥¡¥´³Â¸ÊεĮo£µ¬µ ·Éµ±µ¤¸ÎµªÁ¸¥¡¥´³¤µ¸É»Ä¦¦µ£µ¬µ·É´Ê¸É 5. ·Éµ±µ¤¸µ¦Á¦¸¥nµ´¦³®ªnµÁ¸¥¡¥´³o° · /b, d, g/ ´ Á¸¥o° ¡n¨¤ / bܸ, dܸ, gܸ/ Ân·É°ºÉŤn¤¸ 6. ·Éµ±µÁÈ·ÉÁ¸¥ª¸É¤¸¡¥´³Á¸¥¦´ª¨·Ê /r/ ·É°ºÉŤn¤¸ 8 7. Á¸¥¡¥´³Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µ £µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ ⭙ኌẕ È huà sh Ɲngm ԃ ÅoÂn ¡¥´³¸É¤¸µ¦°°Á¸¥µ¦r °¡¥´³Á·¤Â¨oªÁ¨ºÉ°ÅÁ¡µÂ È Á¸¥·¸Ê¨oµ¥´ µ¦°°Á¸¥£µ¬µÅ¥ ¡¥ - ¥ - ¡¥´³¦³Á£¸Ê£µ¬µ·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥¤¸ 2 Á¸¥ ·Éµ±µ¤¸ 5 Á¸¥ ·ÉÁ°q°»¤¸ 3 Á¸¥ ¨³·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸ 2 Á¸¥ 8. Á¸¥¡¥´³Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µ £µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ ၁ኌẕ Chúnhuà sh Ɲngm ԃ ÅoÂn¡¥´³¸É¤¸µ¦°°Á¸¥µ¦r °¡¥´³Á·¤Â¨oªÁ¨ºÉ°Å¦·¤ ¸µ ¨oµ¥´¡¥´³ ª¨Îʵ ª - ª - Ä£µ¬µÅ¥ ¡¥´³¦³Á£¸Ê£µ¬µ·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥¤¸ 16 Á¸¥ ·Éµ±µ¤¸ 12 Á¸¥ ·ÉÁ°q°»¤¸ 8 Á¸¥ ¨³·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸ 2 Á¸¥ ´³Á®Èªnµ£µ¬µ·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸¨´¬³ °Á¸¥ªo°¥¸É» º°¤¸°¥nµ¨³ 2 Á¸¥ 9. ·Â¨oª´ª·µµ¦¸³ª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ¸¥ /ts, tsh/ ¹ÉÁÈÁ¸¥Îµ¥º¤µ£µ¬µ¸ ÁÈÁ¸¥¡¥´³Ä£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Åoª¥ ÂnȳεÁ¦ºÉ°® ¤µ¥ * Á°µÅªoªnµÁÈÁ¸¥Îµ¥º¤µ
7 ´£µ¬µ«µ¦r¸Äo´¨´¬r / / Ūo oµÄo´°´¬¦¸ÉÁÈÁ¸¥o°¤¸¨¤ Á¡ºÉ°Á¦¸¥nµ´Á¸¥o°· 8 Á¸¥¡¥´³Â¸ÊÄ®´º° “ µµ£µ¬µÄÁ°Á¸¥°µÁ¥r: £µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å ” ( »¦·¥µ ¦´»¨, 2548, . 134) Á¦¸¥ªnµ “ Á¸¥¦° ” (secondary articulations) ÁȨ´¬³ °µ¦°°Á¸¥¦°Á¦·¤´µ¦°°Á¸¥®¨´ Á¸¥ ¸É£µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ¡¥´³» Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µ º° labialization Áȵ¦°°Á¸¥Â®n°µÅ¡¦o°¤´ ¨³Á¸¥¸É£µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ¡¥´³»Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µ º° palatalization Áȵ¦°°Á¸¥Â¥¨·Ênª®oµ Å¡¦o°¤´
174 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
£µ¬µ¸ ÂnÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´¡ªnµÁ¸¥ /ts, tsh/ ÁÈÁ¸¥ °ÎµÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´Â¨³¤¸°¥¼nÄ£µ¬µ·É »£µ¬µ ŤnÄnÁ¸¥¸É¤µµÎµ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸ 10. µµ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥Á¸¥¡¥´³´£µ¬µµ µoª -o´Ê¸É ¡ªnµ Á¸¥ ¡¥´³¸ÉεĮo£µ¬µ¼o¥´ÂnµÅµµ µoª -o¸ÉÁn´º°Á¸¥¡¥´³ /7, '/ ÁºÉ°µ£µ¬µ¸ÉÁȤµ·µ µoª -o »£µ¬µÅ¤n¤¸Á¸¥¡¥´³Á¸¥¸Ê 2.2.2 ¦³ µ¤ª·¸µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r¦³Á¸¥Â¸ ÂnÁ¸¥¦³ÁȦ³Á¸É¥ªÂ¨³¦³ 9 ¦³¤ Änª °¦³¦³¤¤¸nª¦³°µ¤nªº°®´ª¦³ o°¦³ ¨³®µ¦³ ´´Ê¦³ ¦³¤¹µ¤µ¦Ân¥n°¥Åo°¸µ¤Âº° ¦³¦³¤´®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ°¦¦¦³ /i, u/ ¦³¦³¤ ´®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ¡¥´³µ· /m, n, ƾ/ ¨³¦³¦³¤´®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ¡¥´³Á¸¥´ /p, °t, k, ݦ/ ¹É¦³Á¸É¥ªÂ¨³®µ¦³³¤¸°··¡¨n°¦³Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»roª¥ ( ³Åo°·µ¥ÄÁ¦ºÉ ª¦¦¥»r®´ª o°n°Å ) Á¸¥¦³£µ¬µ¼o¥´´Ê¸É·ÉÁÈ´¸Ê
£µ ¦³ ®µ¦³
¬µ Á¸É¥ª ®µ ¦³Á¸É¥ª °¦¦¦³ µ· ´Å¤n¦³Á· ·É a e o ԥ ݁ i u m n ƾ p t k -ݦ ³¦ LJ. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k BH. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k EC. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k YL. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:t a:k
LJ. BH. EC. ܭ ܭm ܭn ܭƾ ܭp ܭt ܭk ݦܭ tܭ pܭ ƾܭ nܭ mܭ uܭ iܭ ܭ .YL
LJ. BH. EC. ܧ ܧm ܧn ܧƾ ܧt ܧk
9 µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®rµ£µ¬µ«µ¦r¸Á¦¸¥Á¸¥¦³ªnµ 㡤 ẕ Yùnm ԃ Ã¥¸Éµ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r¦³Á¸¥¦³Â¸´Ê nª¸É°¥¼n´µ¡¥´³oÅ´ÁÈÁ¸¥¦³´Ê®¤ Án εªnµ tian Á¸¥ /t/ ÁÈ¡¥´³o Á¸¥¦³ ´Ê®¤ °Îµ¸Êº° /ian/ Ħ³´Ê®¤ °Îµ Ç ¸Ê ÂnÁÈ ®´ª¦³ o°¦³ ¨³®µ¦³ nª¸É£µ¬µ¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ “Á¸¥¦³ ” ¸Ê ¦´Îµ«´¡r¸É´£µ¬µ«µ¦rÅ¥Äoªnµ “ nªoµ¥¡¥µr” (syllable rime) Á¸¥¦³Ân¨³nª Ân´¸Ê Á¸¥ /i/ ÁÈ ®´ª¦³ (㡤⣜ yùntóu ) Á¸¥ /a/ ÁÈ o°¦³ ( 㡤⭡ yùnfù ) Á¸¥ /n/ ÁÈ ®µ¦³ ( 㡤ᑿ yùnw Či)
175 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
YL. ܧ ܧm ܧn ܧƾ ܧp ܧt ܧk
LJ. e eu em en eƾ ep et ek BH. e eu em en eƾ ep et ek EC. e ei eu em en eƾ ep et ek YL. e ei eu em en eƾ ep et ek
LJ. i ia iu im in iƾ ip it i: ƾ i:p i:k ian iek BH. i ia iԥ iu im in iƾ ip it i: ƾ i:p i:k ian iek EC. i ie iu im in iƾ ip it ik i:u i:n i: ƾ i:t i:k iau ian ia ƾ iak ia:u ia:n ia: ƾ ieu ien iet
YL. i ia iԥ iu im in iƾ ip it ik iܧ iԥ i:u t ia:k iԥݦܧiam ian i
LJ. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok BH. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok EC. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok o:i o:m o:n o: ƾ o:k YL. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok
LJ. u uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uak ua:i ua: ƾ ua:k BH. u uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uak ua:i ua: ƾ ua:k EC. u ua ue uo uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:m u:n u: ƾ u:p u:t u:k ua:n ua: ƾ ua:t YL. u ua uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uԥݦ
LJ. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k
݁ :n ݁ƾ ݁:t ݁a:k
176 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
BH. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k
݁ :n ݁ƾ ݁:t ݁a:k EC. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁m ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k
݁:m ݁:n ݁ƾ ݁:t YL. ݁
LJ. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ ԥt ԥk BH. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ ԥt ԥk EC. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ YL.
ε°·µ¥Á¸¥¦³ 1) ¦³Á¸É¥ª»Á¸¥Ä»£µ¬µ·ÉÁ¤ºÉ°Á·Ã¥¨Îµ¡´Å¤n¤¸µ¦Á¦¸¥nµ °¦³´Ê¥µª Ân³¤¸µ¦Á¦¸¥nµ °Á¸¥´Ê¥µªÁ¤ºÉ°Á·ÁȦ³¦³¤ 2) ¦³Á¸É¥ª¸É¤¸Ä£µ¬µ·É»£µ¬µº° /a,e,i,o,u, ݁/ ¦³ / ܭ,ܧ/ ¤¸Á¡µ³£µ¬µ·ÉÁ°q°» ´£µ¬µ·É®¥nµ®¨µ ¦³Á¸É¥ª / ԥ/ ¤¸Ä£µ¬µ·Éµ¤£µ¬µ¥Áªo·É®¥nµ®¨µ 3) ®µ¦³ °£µ¬µ·É»£µ¬µ¤¸µ¤Âº° ®µ¦³¸ÉÁȦ³Á¸É¥ª /a, e, o, ԥ, ݁/ /°®µ¦³ /ݦ µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ°¦¦¦³ /i,u/ ¨³®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈÁ¸¥´ /p, t, k/ ¨³¡¨´¬³® Á¡µ³Ä£µ¬µ·É®¥nµ®¨µ ·É°ºÉŤn¤¸ 4) Ä»£µ¬µ ®µ¦³¸ÉÁȦ³Á¸É¥ª /a, e, o, ԥ, ݁/ ³Á·´®´ª¦³¸ÉÁÈ°¦¦¦³ /i+ ¦³Á¸É¥ª / ¨³ /u+ ¦³Á¸É¥ª / nª®´ª¦³ / ݁+¦³Á¸É¥ª / ³Á·´ / ԥ/ Ánµ´Ê °µ¸Ê ®µ¦³Á¸É¥ª / ܧ/ ¤¸Ä£µ¬µ·É®¥nµ®¨µÁ¡¸¥·ÉÁ¸¥ª ¨³¤¸Á¡¸¥Á¸¥Á¸¥ªº° /i ܧ/ ·É°ºÉŤn¤¸ 5) ¦³¦³¤°Á¸¥¸É£µ¬µ·É´Ê¸É£µ¬µ¤¸ªµ¤ÁȦ³Á¸¥Â¨³°¨o°´º°¦³ ¦³¤¸É¤¸®´ª¦³ÁÈ /a, e, o/ 6) ¦³¦³¤µ¤Á¸¥ÁȦ³¸ÉÁ·µ®´ª¦³ÁÈ°¦¦¦³ /µoª -o»£µ¬µ ´ª·µµ¦¸¨oªª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ¸¥¦³ / ܻ, ݑ µ¬µ¸ÉÁȤµ·µ£ (7 ¹ÉÁÈÁ¸¥¦³Ä¤£µ¬µ¸ÁÈÁ¸¥¦³Ä£µ¬µµ µoª -ooª¥ ÂnŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á¸¥¦³ ´¨nµª¸ÊÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´ µµ¦¦ª°Îµ«´¡rÈ¡ªnµ¤¸Îµ¥º¤µ£µ¬µ¸Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´Å¤n¤µ Ánµ´£µ¬µÂ oª -Ũ³o-»n¥ °¸´Ê¤¸ÁnµÈo°¥ªnµ¸É¡Ä£µ¬µµ µoª -o¤µ °¸¦³µ¦®¹É¤¸Á nµnªÄ®n£µ¬µ¼o¥´¥º¤¤µµ£µ¬µµ µoª -o°¸°®¹É εĮo ¦³Á¸¥£µ¬µ¸Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´Å¤nÁn´¤µ´ Á¸¥¡¥´³Â¨³¦³¸ÉÁÈÁ¸¥Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸ ¹Å¤n¦µÁÈ®nª¥Á¸¥Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´
177 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
2.2.3 Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»r µ¤®¨´£µ¬µ«µ¦r¸Ânª¦¦¥»rÁȰº°ª¦¦¥»r 10 Ä妳¡¥µrÁ· º° ε¸É¤¸¦³Á¸É¥ª ε¸É¤¸®µ¦³ÁÈ°¦¦¦³ ¨³Îµ¸É¤¸®µ¦³ÁÈÁ¸¥ µ· ´°¸¦³Á£®¹Éº° ª¦¦¥»rÄ妳¡¥µr· ÅoÂn ε¸É¤¸®µ¦³ÁÈÁ¸¥´ /p, ¼t, k, ݦ/ µ®¨´Ár´¨nµªµ¤µ¦ÂnÁ¸¥ª¦¦¥»rÄ£µ¬µo¥´´Ê¸É·ÉÅo´¸Ê LJ. BH. EC. YL. ¡¥µrÁ· ¡¥µr· ¡¥µrÁ· ¡¥µr· ¡¥µrÁ· ¡¥µr· ¡¥µrÁ· ¡¥µr· 55 55 55 55 54 54 53 53 53 53 45 24 24 24 33 33 33 33 33 33 31 31 31 31 32 31 31 312 322 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12
ε°·µ¥Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»r 1. µµ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´´Ê¸É·É³Á®ÈªnµÁ¸¥ª¦¦¥»r¸É¤¸Á®¤º°´º°Á¸¥ /11/ ¨³ /33/ Ân·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸¦³´Á¸¥ÂnµÁ¨Èo°¥ÁÈ /12/ 2. ª¦¦¥»r /31/ ¤¸Á®¤º°´µ¤£µ¬µ·É Ân·ÉÁ°q°»¤¸¦³´Á¸¥ÂnµÁ¨Èo°¥ ÁÈ /32/ 3. ª¦¦¥»r¸É¤¸Á¡¸¥£µ¬µ·ÉÁ¸¥ªº° /45/ ¤¸Á¡µ³·Éµ±µ °µ¸Êª¦¦¥»r·É µ±µ¤¸ /322/ ¸ÉŤn¤¸Ä£µ¬µ·É°ºÉoª¥ ¨³ª¦¦¥»r /312/ ¤¸Á¡µ³·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ 4. ª¦¦¥»rÁ¸¥ /33/ ¤¸Á®¤º°´»£µ¬µ·É Ân·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥´·ÉÁ°q°»Å¤n¦µ Ä¡¥µr· 5. 媪¦¦¥»r£µ¬µ·Éµ±µ¤¸¤µ¸É» º° 7 Á¸¥ ·É®¥nµ®¨µ¤¸o°¥¸É»º° 4 Á¸¥ nª·É® ¨µÁ¸Ê¥´·ÉÁ°q°»¤¸·É¨³ 6 Á¸¥Ánµ´ 10 ®¨´£µ¬µ«µ¦r¸Ân¦³ÁÈ°¦³Á£ º° 1. ¦³¡¥µrÁ · £µ¬µ¸Äoεªnµ ⯎ኌ㡤 Sh nj sh Ɲngyùn ¨µ¤´ª°´¬¦®¤µ¥¹ “ ¦³Á¸¥¨µ¥ ” º°¡¥µr¸É¨oµ¥oª¥¦³Á¸É¥ª °¦¦¦³ ¨³¡¥´³Á¸¥µ· ¦´Îµ«´¡r¸É´£µ¬µ«µ¦rÅ¥Äoªnµ “ ¡¥µrÁÈ” ¨³ 2. ¦³¡¥µr· £µ¬µ¸Äoεªnµ ಁኌ㡤 Cù sh Ɲngyùn ¨µ¤´ª°´¬¦®¤µ¥¹ “ ¦³Á¸¥´Ê ®¦º°¦³Á¸¥¦³´” º°¡¥µr¸É¨oµ¥oª¥¡¥´³Á¸¥´ ¦´Îµ«´¡r¸É´£µ¬µ«µ¦rÅ¥Äoªnµ “ ¡¥µrµ¥ ”
178 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
6. ª¦¦¥»rÄ£µ¬µ·É®¥nµ®¨µÁ·Åo´´Êε¡¥µrÁ·Â¨³Îµ¡¥µr· Ân·É°ºÉ °¸µ¤·Éª¦¦¥»rµÁ¸¥¤¸Á¡µ³Îµ¡¥µrÁ· ÂnŤnÁ·´Îµ¡¥µr·
¦»µ¦·£µ °Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»r °´Ê¸É·É´¸Ê LJ. BH. EC. YL. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. 312 lo ƾ312 “ µª ” 31 ro ƾ31 “ µª ” 33 lܧƾ ś3 “ µª ” 31 lu ԥ31 “ µª ” ”nµ “ 33ܧݦba11 “ nµ” 33 ma33 “ nµ” 55 ݦba55 “ nµ” 33 ݦb 11 11 p ܭƾ 11 “ ¡ ” 45 pe ƾŜŝ “¡ ” 11 pia: ƾ11 “ ¡ ” 12 pia12 “ ¡ ” ta11 “ Îɵ” 33 ta33 “ Îɵ” ta11 “ Îɵ” tܧ12 “ Îɵ” 54 tsh ܭƾ 54 “ ·” 322 qe ƾśŚŚ “ ·” 24 ܨa: ƾ24 “ ·” 53 kia53 “ ·” 31 qai54 “ Ån” 33 qai322 “ Ån” ai24 “ Ån” qܧŝś “ Ån” ”°ݦdu ԥ31 “ ³º°” 45 na:u322 “ ³º°” ݦdu24 “ ³º°” ݦdu53 “ ³º ܨܧ 54 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” r݁33 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” șo24 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” șa:u53 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ ³” qhun54“ ® (µ )” ka45 “ ® ” hun24 “ ® ” qhon53 “ ® ” (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 121)
2.2.4 æ¦oµ¡¥µr (C=Consonant, V=vowel, T=Tone) ¡¥µrÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ¦³°oª¥¡¥´³ ¦³ ¨³ª¦¦¥»r Änª °Ã¦¦oµ¡¥´³Â¨³¦³´Ê ®´º°» “¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µ °¨»n¤o°¥ ” ¸ÉεÁ·µ¦Ä¸ .«. 1956 ´Ê ´ª·µµ¦¸ª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®o ¡¥´³»Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µ /- w/ ´¡¥´³»Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µ /-j/ ÁÈ¡¥´³o Á¸É¥ª Á¡¦µ³¨´¬³µ¦°°Á¸¥Áȵ¦°°Á¸¥ °µ¦rÁ·¤¡¦o°¤Å´µ¦r°ºÉ Ân µ¦r °Á¸¥¡¥´³¸ÉÂo¦·¥´´·ªnµÁÈ¡¥´³´ÊoÁ·¤°¥¼n ŤnÄnÁ·µµ¦ ª¨Îʵ °¡¥´³°Á¸¥ °¸Á®»¨®¹É¸ÉŤn´·Ä®oÁÈ¡¥´³ª¨ÎʵȺ° °Á®º°µ Á¸¥Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µÂ¨³Á¸¥Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µÂ¨oª ÈŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á¸¥¡¥´³ª¨Îʵ°ºÉ Án /pl, pr/ °¸ ¥´¤¸°¸¦³ÁÈ®¹Éº° ®µ °¡¥´³Á¨¸É¥Á¸¥´ /-j/ ¨³ /-w/ ´°¦¦¦³ /i, u/ ªnµ ³´·Ä®oÁÈ /-ja/ ®¦º° /-ia/ ¨³ /-wa/ ®¦º° /-ua/ ´Ê ÁºÉ°µ¤¸®¨´µ¼nÁ¸¥Á¸¥ °¡¥´³Á¸¥Á¨¸É¥´Îµ¸É°°Á¸¥oª¥°¦¦¦³ º° /-j/ ´¦³ /i/ ¨³¡¥´³ /- w/ ´¦³ /u/ °¥nµÁnÄ£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007, pp. 14-24) Á®»¸ÉŤn´·Ä®o¡¥´³Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µ /-j/ ÁȦ³ /i/ ÁºÉ°µ¤¸¼nÁ¸¥Á¸¥¸É°°Á¸¥ nµ´´Á Án /pja:k45/ “ µ , ®nµ ” Á¦¸¥nµ´ /piak45/ “ Á ¸¥ ” ÁnÁ¸¥ª´´¸ÉŤn ´·Ä®o¡¥´ ³Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µ /-w/ ÁȦ³ /u/ ÈÁ¡¦µ³µ¤µ¦®µ¼nÁ¸¥Á¸¥¸É°°Á¸¥ nµ´´ÁÁn´ Án /kwa: ƾ213/ “ ªoµ ” Á¦¸¥nµ´ /kua ƾ55/ “ µ ”
179 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
°¥nµÅ¦Èµ¤®´º°£µ¬µ¸Ä» “ ¦¦·¡r¦ª¤»µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¡Ä®¤nÄ ¦³Á«¸” ¸ÉεÁ·µ¦®¨´µÃ¦µ¦»n°®oµ¸Ê ¤¸µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®oµ£µ¬µ¤¸¡¥´³ Á¨¸É¥ÁÈÁ¡µ /-j/ ¨³¡¥´³Á¨¸É¥ÁȦ·¤ ¸µ /-w/ ÁÈ¡¥´³Á¸É¥ªÁ®¤º°Ã¦µ¦n° Ânµ£µ¬µÈª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®oÁÈ¡¥´³ª¨Îʵ Änª °£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ®¨¸·É¢µ (Li Jinfang, 11 2000, p. 30) ª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ¸¥¸ÊÁÈ¡¥´³ª¨Îʵ /CC/ ´´Êæ¦oµ¡¥µrÄnª ¡¥´³o °£µ¬µ¼o¥´¹¤¸ /C/ ¨³ /CC/ nªÁ¸¥¦³¥´¥¹º°µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®rµ¤ÂÁ·¤ º° ¤¸¦³Á¸É¥ª´¦³¦³¤ Ã¥ª·Á¦µ³®rªnµ¦³¦³¤¤¸®´ª¦³ (V) o°¦³ (V) ¨³®µ¦³ ¹É³Á®Èªnµnª¸ÉÁÈ®´ª¦³º° /V/ nª¸ÉÁÈo°¦³º° (V ) Ânnª¸ÉÁÈ®µ¦³°µ³ÁÈ ¤V/ º° /u, i/ ®¦º°ÁÈ¡¥´³ /C/ º° /m, n, ƾ, p, t, k, ݦ/ ÈÅo °µ¸Ê ®´º°Á¨n/ ³¦¦¦° Á¸¥ª´¸Ê¥´ª·Á¦µ³®rÄ®o¤¸¡¥µr ¹Êooª¥ /V/ Ánεªnµ /u45/ “ n° ” ÁÈ /VT/ Ânªµ¤¦·Â¨oª ¥°¡¥µr¸ÊȺ°¡¥´³Á¸¥ / ݦ/ ĸɸʹ³ª·Á¦µ³®ræ¦oµ¡¥µrÄ®¤n à ³o´¥¡ ε o°¤¼¨Îµ«´¡roµ¥Á¨n¤¤µª·Á¦µ³®rÅo´¸Ê
12 CVT (CV) po11 mܧ24 ka11 “£¼(Á µ )” “®¤o°” “µ (·,oµ )” CVVT qai54 pau24 k݁ԥ 11 (C+ ®´ª¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁȦ³ ) “Ån” “¼” “¤³Á º°” CVCT ƾan213 qha:n54 ܨa: ƾ11 (C+ ®´ª¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ¡¥´³ ) “Á·” “®nµ ” “oµ ” CVVVT ݦua:i33 gua:i33 (C+ ®´ª¦³ +o°¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁȦ³ ) “¡µ¥Á¦º°” “®ªn” CVVCT diek33 p݁a:k11 kua:t11 (C+ ®´ª¦³ +o°¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ¡¥´³ ) “ÁȤ” “Áº° ” “ªµ ” CCVT ݦbwe31 kwa24 pja312 “Á¨¸Ê¥ª ” “(  )ªµ ” “( ¢oµ)nµ” CCVVT gwa:i33 (CC+ ®´ª¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁȦ³ ) “®ªn” CCVCT kwa: ƾ24 kwa:t11 mjek55 (CC+ ®´ª¦³ +®µ¦³¸ÉÁÈ¡¥´³ ) “ªoµ ” “ªµ ” “ ”
11 Ân°¥nµÅ¦Èµ¤ ÈŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á¸¥ª¨Îʵ°ºÉ ¤¸Á¡¸¥ /-j/ ¨³ /-w/ Ánµ´Ê 12 0 ¤¸¡¥µrµnªÃ¥Á¡µ³¡¥µr®oµÄε°¡¥µr µ¦´ÊŤn°°Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»r Án /qa nai řř / 0 0 0 “Á®ºÉ°¥ ” /ma t ܧ312/ “ ¦³¼” /la pak54/ “ ¢´ ” /qo lip řř / “ Á¨È” ÂnoµÁÈε¡¥µrÁ¸¥ª³°°Á¸¥ª¦¦¥»r »Îµ
180 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
µ´ª°¥nµÎµ³Á®Èªnµ ε¸É¤¸¡¥´³oÁÈ /CC/ ¹ÉÁÈÁ¸¥ª¨Îʵ /-j/ ´ /-w/ ¤¸´ª°¥nµÎµo°¥¤µ ¨³Îµ¸ÉÁÈ /VV,VVV/ ¸É ¹Êooª¥°¦¦¦³ /u,i/ Ȥ¸´ª°¥nµÎµo°¥¤µ Án´ ¦³°´¡¥´³ª¨Îʵģµ¬µ¼o¥´ÈŤn¡ªnµª¨Îʵ´¡¥´³Á¸¥°ºÉ °¸´Ê Ťn¤¸¼nÁ¸¥Á¸¥ Á®¤º°°¥nµ£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª ¼oÁ ¸¥Á®Èªnµª¦³ª·Á¦µ³®r¡¥´³ª¨Îʵ /-j/ ´ /-w/ Ä®oÁÈÁ¸¥¦³ /u/ ¨³ /i/ µ¤¨Îµ´ Án¸ÊȳεĮoæ¦oµ¡¥µrÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸Á¡¸¥ ¡¥´³oÁ¸É¥ª /C/ Ťn¤¸¡¥´³oª /CC/ 2.3 ¦³Îµ εģµ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸Îµ¸É¡o°´£µ¬µÄ oª -Å Â o-»n¥ ¨³  ®¨¸ °µÎµ«´¡r¦nª¤ ÁºÊ°µ¥Â¨oª ¥´¤¸Îµ«´¡rÁ¡µ³Ánµ¡´»r¸É£µ¬µ¼o¥´Å¤n¡o°´
£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç Îµ«´¡rnªÄ®nÁÈε᥵rÁ¸¥ªÂ¨³Îµ°¡¥µr¸É¡¥µr®oµ°°Á¸¥Áµ ¤¸Îµ¦³¤°¡¥µr¸ÉÁ·µµ¦¦³¤Îµ °ÎµÃ ¨³¤¸Îµ¥º¤µ£µ¬µ¸´Ê¸ÉÁÈε ´¥ªnµ¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥ ¤ÁnµÂ¨³Îµ¥º¤Ä®¤n ®¨¸·É¢µ (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 169) ÅoÄoª ε«´¡r¡ºÊµ ° Swadesh εª 200 εÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ( ·Éµ±µÂ¨³·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥)
´£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç Ä Á° -¥´¡ªnµ ε«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸¦·¤µÎµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥´£µ¬µ 13 ¼nÁ¸¥ª¤µ¸É» ¦°¨¤µÁÈ£µ¬µ¨³· £µ¬µÁ°¨µªÂ¨³£µ¬µ¤¼n®¨nµªµ¤¨Îµ´ ´ o°¤¼¨ n°Å¸Ê
£µ¬µ¼o¥´ o°¤¼¨µ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥ ¼nÁ¸¥ª ¨³· Á°¨µª ¤¼n®¨nµª ·É®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ εªÎµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥ 85 80 66 52 ·ÁȦo°¥¨³ 45 42 37 30 ·Éµ±µ εªÎµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥ 85 78 72 61 ·ÁȦo°¥¨³ 45 41 40 35
13 ³¼oª·´¥Á¦ºÉ° “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª ” (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007, p. 115) ÈÅo
ÄoªÎµ«´¡r¡ºÊµ ° Swadesh εª 200 ε ε£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ªÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥´£µ¬µ¤µ·Â nµ Ç ¡ªnµ £µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª¤¸Îµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥´£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤µ¸É» (31%) ¦°¨¤µº°£µ¬µÅ (25.5%) °´Ê°¥¼n¦³®ªnµ
22% Ánµ Ç ´ Ã¥¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r´£µ¬µ»n¥o°¥¸É»º° 19% ´¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥n°Å¸Ê £µ¬µ oª Å o »n¥ ®¨¸ ¼o¥´ Á°¨µª ¨³· εªÎµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥ 48 51 44 38 44 63 45 45 ·ÁȦo°¥¨³ 24 25.5 22 19 22 31.5 22.5 22.5
181 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
2.3.1 εà ÂnÅo´¸Ê 1) ε᥵rÁ¸¥ª ÁÈε®¹É¡¥µr¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä´ªÁ° µ¤µ¦ÄoÅo Ã¥°·¦³ ´ª°¥nµÎµ«´¡rn°Å¸Ê Á¸¥´£µ¬µµ¤Â Á¡ºÉ°Ä®oÁ®Èªµ¤´¤¡´r´£µ¬µ°ºÉ º°  oª -Å ÅoÂn £µ¬µÅ´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µÅ ” (Yu Cuirong and Luo Meizhen, 1979) £µ¬µoª´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µoª ” (Wei Qingwen and Tan Guosheng, 1980) £µ¬µ¼o°¸ ´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µ¼o°¸” (Yu Cuirong, 1980)  o-»n¥ ÅoÂn £µ¬µo´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r £µ¬µo” (Liang Min, 1979) £µ¬µ»n¥´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µ»n¥” (Zhang Junru, 1980) £µ¬µ Á®¤µ®µ´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µÁ®¤µ®µ ” (Liang Min, 1980) £µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r £µ¬µ¤¼¨´¤” (Wang Jun and Zheng Guoqiao, 1979)  £µ¬µ®¨¸ ÅoÂn £µ¬µ®¨¸´µ “¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µ®¨¸” (Ou Yang Jueya and Zheng Yiqing, 1979) ¨³  £µ¬µÁ° -¥´ ÅoÂn £µ¬µÁ°¨µª´µ “ ¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µÁ°¨µª ” (He Jiashan, 1983) £µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª ´µ “ µ¦ «¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª ” (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007) £µ¬µ¼o¥´´µ “µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´” (Li Jinfang, 2000) £µ¬µ¨³·´µ “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¨³·” 14 (Li Yunbing, 2000) £µ¬µ¤¼n®¨nµª´µ “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¤¼n®¨nµª ” (Bo Wenze, 2003)
 ť ª´ Áº° ¸ Îʵ ´ ε µ n1 pi1 fun1 nam4 tap7 dam1 na2 nok8ۑoª -Å Å van2 d oª on2 d ݁n1 pi6 f ݁n1 nam4 tap7 nam1 na2 ܵok8 on2 d ݁:n1 pi1 v ݁n1 zam4 tap1 van4 na2 zo ݦ8 ¼o°¸ ă n1 nam4 tap7 nam1 ja5 nok8ۑ o-»n¥ o man1 ଔa:n1 ଔin2 pj ă 3 8 n1 nam3 tap7 ݦnam1 ݦܶa nokۑf 1ܭn¥ van1 njen2 m« 1 5 8 kܧ fin1 nam3 tap7 nam ݦja n 1ܭÁ®¤µ van1 njen2 ஆb ®µ 7 1 5 8 kܧm4 tap nam ܵa nۑ n1 nۑ fan1 njen2 ஆbe1 kw ¤´¨¼¤ ®¨¸ ®¨¸ van1 ଔa:n1 pou2 fun1 nam3 tap7 dom3 ta2 tat7 Á° -¥´ Á°¨µª sen44* t‘u44 plei33 zau44 ԥ݁ 55 ta53pu 44 ܾaƾ44 z ԥ݁ 12 ntau31 n vԥn33 ta:n53 mja:i33 au213 ݦo 33 tap33 dam53 ne33 ଔuk45 ¼Á¸¥ª ă tap54 dam24 nau43 nuk11 24 ܧ n11 pi: 312 ݣu:t11ܭvan54 t ¼o¥´ ă · vua 31 nࡦ44 pi35 ଔaƾ35 i44 tja31 lja ƾ55 nu35 ଔo13 ¨³ ă tyou55 ă ă ¤¼®¨n nµª ve31 ܾa31 ts ԥ24 me31 u 33 - ଔaƾ31 na53 zau53 * ཙ ti n “ ” ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸ Ɨ ª´ ă 14 ε«´¡r£µ¬µnµ Ç ¸É¦µ¨°´Êªµ¤¸Ê´¨°¤µµ¦µ¥µ¦Îµ«´¡roµ¥Á¨n¤ °®´º°¸ÉÄ®o¦µ¥ºÉ°Åªo¸Ê
182 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
ε«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸ÉŤn¡o°´¦³¼¨Å ¡o°´£µ¬µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¨³¤°Á ¤¦ «´¡rÁ¡µ³Ánµ¡´»r£µ¬µ¼o¥´ 0 ܨa: ƾ54 ¦µ la:m312 µ¥ ܧk11 µª la va312 ªµ¥ 0 0 ݣu: ƾ54 ¸ ma ƾa:54 °Å¤o ma i ƾ31 lu31 ¥µ tam54 Å n vit11 ªoµ f ݁ԥ 24 Ánµ qhik54 ®n°Å¤o
µµ¦µ oµo³Á®ÈªnµÎµ«´¡r oª -Å ´Â o-»n¥ ¤¸ªµ¤°¨o°´ °¥nµÁ®ÈÅo´ ¨³µ¤µ¦¤°Á®Èªµ¤´¤¡´rŹ£µ¬µ®¨¸Â¨³Á° -¥´Åo ÂnȤ¸ ε«´¡rµnª Ánεªnµ Îʵ Ťn°¨o°´µ¤Â oµ Ân´¨»n¤´Á¡µ³Ä  Á° -¥´ °µ¸ÊÄnª °Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸ÉŤn¡o°´¦³¼¨Å ( ªµ¤º°°n°´É ) ÁÈε«´¡r¸É¤¸Á¡µ³Ánµ¡´»r£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ε«´¡r¨»n¤¸ÊŤn°¨o°´£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ân¸Énµ´Á ÁÈ°¥nµ¤µÈº° ¤¸Îµ«´¡r¨»n¤®¹ÉŤnÁ¡¸¥Å¤n°¨o°´£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å Ťn°¨o°´ £µ¬µ¸ Ân¨´°¨o°´£µ¬µÂ Á®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¨³£µ¬µ¦³¼¨¤° -Á ¤¦ ( oµ¥¤º°´É °n° ) ÁÈ®´ª o°¸ÉnµÄ«¹¬µn°Å ÁºÉ° µµª¼o¥´¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r¨³°µ«´¥°¥¼nĨo· ´®¨µ®¨µ¥¨»n¤®¨µ¥£µ¬µ ¹Á·µ¦´¤´£µ¬µÅo Á¸É¥ª´¦³ÁȸÊÁ®¨¸¥®¤·É (Liang Min, 1990a) ÅoÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´´£µ¬µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ®¨¸·É¢µ (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 143) ÅoÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´´´ªÂ£µ¬µ¤° -Á ¤¦º°£µ¬µ®ªnµ 15 ¨³£µ¬µ¼o´ ´Ê°nµÅoÄoε«´¡r ° Swadesh 200 εĵ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥ ¨¦»ÁÈ ¦o°¥¨³ °Îµ«´¡r¸É¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r´´¸Ê o°¤¼¨µ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´´£µ¬µ°ºÉ Á®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¤° -Á ¤¦ Á®¤¸¥ª Á®¥µ ®ªnµ ¼o´ ·ÁȦo°¥¨³ 10 6.38 14 11 µ o°¤¼¨ªµ¤´¤¡´r °Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´´£µ¬µµ µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¨³´ £µ¬µ¤° -Á ¤¦ÂÄ®oÁ®Èªnµ¤¸Îµ«´¡r¸É¡o°´oµ ÂnŤn¹´´ªnµÁÈ£µ¬µ¸É¤¸ªµ¤ ´¤¡´r´µµ¥Á¨º° Á¡¦µ³Á¤ºÉ°Á¦¸¥´£µ¬µÄ¦³¼¨Å¨oª ( ¼ 2.3.1) ¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r¸É Ĩo·´¤µªnµ°¥nµÅ¤n¤¸ o°´¥ 2 ) εð¡¥µr Ân¨³¡¥µr®¦º°nªÄnª®¹É °¡¥µrŤnµ¤µ¦Â¥ °°µ´Â¨³¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ã¥°·¦³Åo ŤnÄn¨´¬³ °µ¦Á·¤®nª¥ÎµÁ·¤Á¡ºÉ°Ä®o¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥
15 µª®ªnµ°µ«´¥°¥¼nÄ¡ºÊ¸É³ª´Á¸¥Äo °¥¼µ ¨³µª¼o´°µ«´¥°¥¼nÄ¡ºÊ¸É³ª´°°Á¸¥Äo °¥¼µ ´Ê°£µ¬µ´°¥¼nÄ£µ¬µ¦³¼¨¤° -Á ¤¦ (Li Yunbing, 1999, pp. 65-74) µª¼o¥´°¥¼n¦³®ªnµ¨µÂnn° ŵ¡ºÊ¸É·´µª®ªnµ
183 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
µÅª¥µ¦rÄ Ç Â¨³Å¤nÄn妳¤ °µ¸Ê¥´¡ªnµµÎµÁȨ´¬³ °µ¦Îʵ¡¥´³ ®¦º°¦³ µÎµÁȨ´¬³ °µ¦ÎʵεÁ¡ºÉ°°»«´¡r®¦º°¦¦¥µ¥¨´¬³ °µ¦¤rªµ¤¦¼o¹ ´ª°¥nµÎµÁn ε ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ta54 van54 ³ª´ ݦe11 ݦe45 ° ( °oª ) ga: ƾ33 gu: ƾ45 µ ݦbok11 ¨o ݦu11 ݦu45 ° ( °°¼o) ƾup55 ¡¥´®oµ ݦba:k11 ƾa:p31
2.3.2 ε¸É¤¸µ¦Á ·¤ nª°ºÉ ¤¸´¸Ê 1) ® nª¥ÎµÁ ·¤®oµ ¨´¬³ °Îµ¸ÉÁn´Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´°¥nµ®¹Éº° ¤¸Îµ°¥¼n ¨»n¤®¹É¸ÉÁÈε°¡¥µr ÂnÁ·µµ¦Á·¤®nª¥Îµ°ºÉŪo oµ®oµ nª¸ÉÁ·¤Åªo oµ®oµ¸Ê °°Á¸¥Áµ ( ¨oµ¥´¡¥µrεÄε£µ¬µÅ¥Án µ¥ ¡¥µr ä¥ ) ÁÈnª¸ÉŤn¤¸ ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä´ªÁ° Ťnµ¤µ¦Â¥°°Å¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥µ¤¨Îµ¡´Åo Âno°¦µ¦nª¤´ÎµÂo
ÁÈε°¡¥µrÁ¤° Á¤ºÉ°Á·¤Â¨oªÅ¤n¤¸¨n°µ¦Á¨¸É¥Â¨µªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä Ç µ¦´ÊÁÈ 16 ¨´¬³ °µ¦Á·¤Á¡ºÉ°n¸Ê¨´¬³µ¦¦ª¤¨»n¤ªµ¤®¤µ¥ °Îµ ¤¸Åo´¸Ê ®nª¥ÎµÁ·¤®oµ ´ª°¥nµÎµ 0 0 0 0 /qa / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤¸ÉÁ¸É¥ª´°ª´¥ª³ qa la11 qa da:k31 qa li ƾ11
Ħnµµ¥ ºÉ°´ªr ºÉ°oŤo nªnµ Ç °¡º “¨oµ” ( ¨oµÅ¤o) “¦³¼” “¨·Ê” 0 0 0 ƾ 11 qa nip11ܧřř qa t ܧµ¦µ¥µ¦Îµ«´¡r´Ê®¤¡ªnµ¤¸Îµ«´¡r¸É qa ݣ Á·¤Îµ¸Ê ¤µ¸É» “¦³¦° ” “¦³pµ ”( Á¸¥Ån ´) “¦³¡¦·” 0 0 0 0 /ma / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤ ÂnȤ¸Á·¤®oµ ma ta54 ma lܭn11 ma tܧ312 ε¦·¥µ ¨³Îµ»«´¡roª¥ “eye” “¨·Ê” “¦³¼” 0 0 0 ma tܭ54 ma na312 ma kat11 “nµ” “¸” “Ãn,ª¤ ” 0 0 0 ma lܧƾ 312 ma ܨi31 ma ði24 “ ªnµ ” “¡°¸” “Ũ ”
16 0 ¨´¬³Án¸Ê¨oµ¥£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª¤µ ´ª°¥nµ£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª¸É¤¸µ¦Á·¤nªÁ·¤®oµ Án /qa mi213/ “ ¤º°” 0 0 0 0 /qa luai45/ “ ¦°¥ ” /qa nuai33/ “ o°¥ ” /tԥ33 ƾ݁ ak45/ “ µ (Áº° )” / t ԥ mie33 / “®¤¸” / t ԥ ne33/ “ ®µ ” ¦µ¥µ¦Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª´¤µµ¦µ¥µ¦Îµ«´¡roµ¥Á¨n¤®´º° “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª ” (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007)
184 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
®nª¥ÎµÁ·¤®oµ ´ª°¥nµÎµ 0 0 0 0 /ta / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤ ε¦·¥µ ¨³¤¸ ta vܭƾ 312 ta pan312 ta na312 ε»«´¡roµÁ¨Èo°¥ “¸” “¡´(¤oª )” “®µ ”
0 0 0 0 /la / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥ la muk11 la van312 la va312 Á¸É¥ª´£µ¡°µµ«Â¨³¦¦¤µ· ¨³ºÉ°´ªr “®¤°” “¨¤ ” “ªµ¥ ” ݦ 0 0 0 0 /li / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤Á¦¸¥ºÉ°´ªr li mu54 li mܭu12 li bܭp11 “®¤¼” “¤ª ” “¡³ ” 0 0 0 0 /h ܭ / nª¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµµ¤Á¦¸¥°ª´¥ª³Ä hܭ mܧn24 hܭ qa ƾ24 hܭ qhu11 ¦nµµ¥ °Äo ¨³Îµµ¤°µ¸É “®¤°” “ ” “än” 0 0 0 0 ƾ 11ܧ ݦa k 11 ܭƾ 11 ݦa ଔܭܨ ݦa / Äo宦´Îµ°Áª¨µ ´µ ª·Á«¬r ݦa/ ¡Å¤n¤µ “´Éª¦¼n” “¦·,Âo” “¡¨µ ”
2) ¡¥µrÁ ·¤®¨´Á¦ ·¤¦o°¥ º°¡¥µr¸ÉÁ·¤Åªo®¨´ÎµÂo Ťn¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥ Ä´ªÁ° ÁȨ´¬³ °¡¥µr¸Éo°´®¦º°Îʵ´Á¡ºÉ°Îµ®oµ¸ÉÁȦo°¥ÎµÄ®o´¡¥µr®oµ Á¤ºÉ°Á·¤Â¨oª¤¸¨ÎµÄ®oεÁ·¤¤¸£µ¡¡r¸É´Á ¹Ê nª¤ µ¡µ¦Á·¤®¨´Îµ»«´¡r µÎµ ÁÈεÁ¨¸¥Á¸¥ ª·¸µ¦Á¦·¤¦o°¥¤¸®¨µ¥Â ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê (A= εÂo B, C = nª¦³° ¸ÉÄoÁÈεÁ¦·¤¦o°¥ )
¦¼Â εÁ·¤ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ Á·¤ÎµÁ¦·¤¦o°¥ ¨oµ¥´ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä£µ¬µÅ¥ řř  - o ܭn11 ݣܭ n11  lܭ AB l 0 °¨-ݦa ling11 ¨·Ê li ƾ11 lang11 ¨·Ê ¤°ABB ݦdam11 ε ݦdam11 lim11 lim11 ε-¤³Á¤ºÉ ¤´ª ¤» at31 ¦¹Ê¤-ܨ at31ܨ ݦit55 ¦n¤ ¦¹Ê¤ ݦit55 0 0 0 ABAC qa ଔa:k11 ¦ qa ଔa:k11 qa ଔܭ ŚŜ ¦ -¦»¦´ 0 0 0 qa nܭƾ 11 ¤º qa nܭƾ 11 qa nap11 ¤º-¨´ªÇ
3) µ¦Îʵε°¡¥µr ÁȨ´¬³ °µ¦Îʵ嵦¡¼ÎµÁ·¤Îʵ°¦´Ê ¡¥µr¸É°Å¤n¤¸µ¦Á¨¸É¥Â¨ ®¦º°Á¨¸É¥Á¡¸¥Á¨Èo°¥ Á¤ºÉ°Îʵε¨oª¤¸µ¦Â¦µªµ¤®¤µ¥ ªnµ¤¸¦·¤µ¤µ ¹Ê ¤¸Îµª¤µ ¹Ê ¤¸ªµ¤Á o¤ o¤µ ¹Ê ε¸Éµ¤µ¦ÎʵŠo¤¸ 嵤 ε ¨´¬µ¤ ( 嵤¸ÉÎʵÅo¤´ÁÈ嵤¸ÉÄoÁȨ´¬µ¤ Ân嵤ÂoŤnµ¤µ¦ÎʵÅo) ε»«´¡r ( ε»«´¡rµÎµÁ¤ºÉ°Îʵ¨oª¤¸®oµ¸ÉµÅª¥µ¦rÁ¨¸É¥ÅÁÈεª·Á«¬r) ¨³ ε¦·¥µ ε»·Á¤ºÉ°Îʵ¨oª³¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥ªnµÎµÂŤn´ÊÄ Å¤nÁ¡µ³Áµ³ ¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥ Áµµ Ânµ·Á¤ºÉ°Îʵ¨oªÈªµ¤®¤µ¥Á o¤ o ¹Ê ´ª°¥nµÎµÁn
185 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
· °Îµ εÁ·¤ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ εĮ¤n ªµ¤®¤µ¥ µ¦Îʵ嵤 tsa ݁12* Áª¨µ tsa ݁12 tsa ݁12 Á¤°Ç 17 ε¨´¬µ¤ pi: ƾ312 ¸ pi: ƾ312 pi: ƾ312 ¸ Ç (»¸ / Ân¨³¸) van54 ª´ van54 van54 ª´Ç ( »ª´/Ân¨³ª´) µ¦Îʵε»«´¡r ܨܭƾ ŝŜ oµ ܨܭƾ ŝŜ ܨܭƾ ŝŜ oµÇ / n°¥Ç µªÇ k11 ܧk11 ݦ ܧµª ݦ k11 ܧݦ µ¦Îʵε»«´¡r ð݁k11 n°¥Ç ð݁k11 ð݁k11 ¤´³ ¨oªÄoÁÈε ª·Á«¬r śř li24 ¦³¡¦·Ç ܧśř li24 ݦ ܧśř li24 ¦³¡¦· ݦ ܧµ¦Îʵε¦·¥µ ݦ (¦³¥·¦³¥´) *¤£µ¬µ¸ ᰦ shí ¹ÉÄ£µ¬µ¸ÈÎʵε¸ÊÁ¡ºÉ°°°ªµ¤®¤µ¥ªnµ “ Á¤°Ç ” Á®¤º°´
18 2.3.3 妳¤ º°µ¦ÎµÎµÃ¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä´ªÁ°¤µ¦³¤´ ¨oªÁ·ÁÈ Îµ¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä¨oÁ¸¥´¦µÎµÁ·¤ ®¦º°Á·ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä®¤n µ¦¦³¤Îµ°µÁ·µµ¦
17 £µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª¹ÉÁÈ£µ¬µ¸ÉĨo·´È¤¸ª·¸Îʵ嵤¸ÉÁȨ´¬µ¤Á®¤º°´ ÂnÁ¤ºÉ°Á¦¸¥Á¸¥´£µ¬µ Á°¨µª³¡ªnµ ε¨´¬µ¤Ä£µ¬µÁ°¨µªÅ¤nµ¤µ¦Äoª·¸µ¦ÎʵεŠo ¹ÉÁÈ o°¸É£µ¬µÁ°¨µªÂnµÅ
µ£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç Ä oª -Š¨³o-»n¥ ¦ª¤´Ê£µ¬µ¸ÉÁȤµ·Äµ µÁ° -¥´oª¥ ¸Éε¨´¬µ¤µ¤µ¦ ÎʵεÅo ( °nµ¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥µ¦¡¦¦µ£µ¬µÁ°¨µªÅoÄ Á¤ °n°§¬ , 2559, . 53-82) 18 ª·¸µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r妳¤¸ÊÁȨ´¬³µ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r¦¼ÎµÂ¨³ª·¸µ¦¦oµÎµ¦³¤Ä£µ¬µ¸ Ã¥ÄoÁr
µ¦Á¦¸¥¨Îµ´ÎµÂ¨³®oµ¸É °ÎµÄÂn¨³ÎµÂ®n Á¤ºÉ°´ª·µµ¦¸«¹¬µ£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç È³Äo®¨´µ¦Á¸¥ª´¸Ê ĵ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r ´³Á®Èªnµª·¸µ¦¦oµÎµ 6 Â¸Ê Â¸É 1 £µ¬µÅ¥Á¦¸¥ªnµÎµo° ÂnÂ¸É 2-5 ÁÈε ¦³¤ Ä ³¸É£µ¬µ¸º°ªnµÎµ´Ê 5 ÂÁÈ妳¤ Ã¥¸Éµ¦ª·Á¦µ³®r¦¼Âµ¦¦³¤ÎµÄ£µ¬µ¸ ³ÄoÁrµ¦Á¦¸¥¨Îµ´ÎµÂ¨³®oµ¸É °ÎµÄÂn¨³ÎµÂ®n ÂnÁÈ 1. ¦ª¤Îµ (俼ྜᘧ Liánhé shì) º° µ¦ÎµÎµÃ°Îµ¸É¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Á®¤º°´ ĨoÁ¸¥´ ¨oµ¥´ Á¸É¥ª o°´®¦º°¦ oµ¤´¤µ¦³´ Ân¨³Îµ¤¸ªµ¤ÁÈ°·¦³n°´ ŤnÅo¤¸ÎµÄε®oµ¸É°¥nµÄn°Îµ oµÁ¸¥ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ °Îµ¥´Á¸É¥ª o°´ÎµÁ·¤ 2.  ¥µ¥ªµ¤ (ಟ椘ᘧXi njshì shì) º°µ¦ªµÎµ¸Éε®oµ¸É ¥µ¥µ¤®¨´Îµ¸Éªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´ 3. ¦ ·¥µ¦¦¤ (≐රᘧ Dòng b Ưng shì) º° 妳¤¸Éε®oµÁÈε¦·¥µÂ¨³Îµ¸Éµ¤¤µÁȦ¦¤¸É¦´µ¦ ¦³Îµ °¦·¥µ¸É夵 oµ®oµ´Ê 4. ¦³µ£µÂ (宻ᘧZh ԃ wèi shì) º° 妳¤¸Éε®oµ ε®oµ¸ÉÁȦ³µ ε¸Éµ¤¤µÁÈ£µÂ °¦³µ oµ®oµ´Ê 5. ÂÁ¦ ·¤ªµ¤ (堍ᘧ Bԃch ǀng shì) º° 妳¤¸Éε®oµÁÈε¸Éªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´nªÎµ¸Éµ¤¤µÎµ®oµ¸ÉÁ¦·¤ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä®o´Á¥·É ¹ÊÂn ŤnÄnµ¦ ¥µ¥ªµ¤ 6. ºɰ®¨´ + ºÉ°Á¡µ³ º° ε®oµÁÈε¸É°ªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´nªÎµ¸Éµ¤¤µÁÈ ºÉ°Á¡µ³ 妳¤¦³Á£¸ÊÄo宦´µ¦¦oµÎµµ¤¸ÉÄoÁ¦¸¥ºÉ° ´ªr ·É °®¦º°µ¸É 妳¤µÎµ ε¸ÉÁȺɰÁ¡µ³¸Éµ¤¤µ oµ®¨´Å¤nµ¤µ¦Â¥Äo°¥nµ¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥µ¤¨Îµ¡´Åo 妳¤¦¼Â¸Ê®´º° µÁ¨n¤´ÅªoÁȦ¼Â¥n°¥ °¦³Á£¸É 5 ÂnµÁ¨n¤ÈÂ¥°°¤µÁÈ°¸ª·¸®¹Énµ®µ
186 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
εε°Îµ¤µ¦³¤´ ®¦º°ÎµÎµ®¨µ¥Îµ¤µ¦³¤´ÈÅo ¤¸ 5 ª·¸ÅoÂn 1. ¦ª¤Îµ 2.  ¥µ¥ªµ¤ 3. ¦³µ¦·¥µ 4. ¦·¥µ¦¦¤ 5. ÂÁ¦·¤ªµ¤ ¨³ 6. ºɰ®¨´ + ºÉ°Á¡µ³ ´´ª°¥nµÎµn°Å¸Ê
¦¼Â ´ª°¥ µÎµn 0 0  muk54 ma l ܧƾ 11 pa11 mi ԥ11 lu11 na312 qa0l ܧƾ 11 ma ta54 ¦ª¤Îµ ¨¤ ®µ¥Ä ´ªÁ¤¸¥ ¸É µ ´Éª µ “·Ä ” “´ªÁ¤¸¥” “¸Éµ ” “ ¨¼µ ” 0 0  mut11 d ܸa: ƾ45 ta:i3 qhan11 na312 la va312 mi ԥ11 ma ଔܧ n312 qai54 ¥µ¥ªµ¤ ¦´Â¦o ´ µ ªµ¥ ¤n ®° Ån “ ¦´Â¦o” “´µ ” “ªµ¥´ªÁ¤¸¥” “®°Ån” ݦ 0 0 ݦ k11 pja312 qa0 da ƾ31ܧ n24 ma ta54 kܭ ƾ 11 tsܧƾ 21 bu ԥ11 ma lܧ ݦ ¦³µ Îʵ ¡» °  µ nª ¢oµ ´ ¦ ·¥µ “ Îʵ¡»” “Ä ” “nª ” “ ¢oµnµ”  ða:u24 va:i312 tut54 lu11 tam11 l ԥn312 na:k11 ݦbit55 ¦ ·¥µ¦¦¤ ¨oµ µ¥ Áµ ¸É µ¤ ®¨´ ¸ ÁÈ “°µÎʵ” “»Á·¡ºÊ¸Éε·” “µ¤ ” “ÁÈ” k11 ma54 qai54 han21 nian11 ݦdai24 vak11 nian11ܧ  Á¦ ·¤ªµ¤ °° ¤µ ¼(¤° ) Á®È ε Åo Å Á®È “°°¤µ ” “Á®È” “εÅo” “¦³¨¹,¹ ¹ÊÅo”
ݦ 0 0 n312 ܭaƾ11 qit54 da:n31 și11 ma nuk11 ݦܨ  ma ݦiƾ31 ݣa: ƾ24 ºÉ°®¨´ . nµ Á®¨È Áº° ¸É . +ºÉ°Á¡µ³ “¼o¥´” “nµÁ®¨È” “Áº°Á¤¬µ¥ ” “µÂ°n” ( .)
2.3.4 ¤µ£µ¬µ¸ µµ¦¦ª° o°¤¼¨Îµ«´¡r¡ªnµ£µ¬µ¼nÁ¸¥ª¤¸Îµ«´¡r ¸É´¤¡´r´£µ¬µ¸°¨´¬³ º° ε«´¡r¸É´¤¡´r´´Ê£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å¨³£µ¬µ¸ ( ε«´¡r ¨»n¤¸Ê´ªnµÁÈε«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥Å¸®¦º°Á¦¸¥ªnµÎµ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸Ánµ) ¨³Îµ«´¡r¸É¥º¤¤µµ £µ¬µ¸ ( ´ÁÈ¤£µ¬µ¸Ä®¤n) ´¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥n°Å¸Ê 1) ε«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥´Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸Á nµ Īª´ª·µµ¦¸´·ªnµ ε«´¡rÄ£µ¬µ °¨»n¤o°¥¸É¡o°´£µ¬µ¸´ÊÁÈε¸É¥º¤¤µµ£µ¬µ¸ ¹Éµ¤µ¦ ÂnÅoÁÈ°¨»n¤ º° ¨»n¤®¹ÉÁÈε«´¡r¸É¥º¤¤µ´ÊÂn°¸Á¦¸¥ªnµ “ ¤Ánµ” ÁÈε«´¡r¸É
187 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
19 ¥º¤¤µµ£µ¬µ¸¥»¨µ¦³ª´·«µ¦r ¨³°¸¨»n¤®¹ÉÁÈε¸É¥º¤¤µ£µ¥®¨´µ¦·ª´· ª´¦¦¤¸ .«. 1949 Á¦¸¥ªnµ “ ¤Ä®¤n” Ân ³Á¸¥ª´ Īª´ª·µµ¦¸É«¹¬µ£µ¬µ Å -¸ Ȥ¸¨µµ¦«¹¬µnª®¹É¸É¡¥µ¥µ¤¡¼¹Îµ«´¡r¦nª¤ÁºÊ°µ¥Å -¸ ¹ÉȤ¸ªµ¤Á®Èªnµ
¤¸Îµ«´¡rÄ£µ¬µÅ®¨µ¥ Ç £µ¬µ´Îµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¸ÁÈε«´¡r¸ÉÁ¥Äo¦nª¤´Ä°¸Å¤nÄn¤
ε«´¡r¨»n¤¸Ênª¤µÁÈεî¹É¡¥µr ¹Éµ¤µ¦®µÎµ¸É¡o°´ÅoÄ£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç ¸É Á¸É¥ª o°´¦³¼¨Å ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê ( ¦µ¥µ¦Îµ«´¡r¸Ê´¤µµ®´º°¦·¦¦«r£µ¬µ
¨³®´º°µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µnµ Ç ´¸ÉÅo¸Ê¦µ¥ºÉ°°oµ°·ÅªoÄ®´ª o° 2.3.1 )
oª -Šť ε(°) Á· Å¢ oµ Ån Å®¨ n2 fai2 nok8 tsa: ƾ4 kai5 lai1 ۑÅ xam2 ƾ a: ƾ4 kai5 lai1ܨ n2 fei2 ܵok8 ۑoª kim1 ƾ ¼o°¸ tܨim1 ƾan2 vi2 zok8 tsa: ƾ4 kai5 lai1 1 o-»n¥ Á®¤µ®µ cim1 ଔan2 pui1 nܧk8 tsa: ƾ4 a:i5 loi a: ƾ5+ qa:i5 ui1+ܨ m1 ଔan3 vi1 mok8 ۑo କ 5 »n¥ କum1 ଔan2 vi1 nok8 tsa: ƾ4 ka:i5 lui 1 k8 tja: ƾ4 ci1 thoiܧm1 ଔan2 fi1 nۑc ¤´¨¼¤ ®¨¸ ®¨¸ kim3 kan1 fei1 ta କ7 Ťn¤¸ÎµÁ¦¸¥ khai1 ma:u1 Á° -¥´ Á°¨µª xen 33 ଔin33 pa:i34 ntau21 ܨaƾ34 qai34 la:i35 m24 phio213 pԥi53 nuk45 Ťn¤¸ÎµÁ¦¸¥ qai33 ܾai53ۑ nÁ¸¥ª g¼ ¼o¥´ tsi24 ƾan312 fi24 nuk11 ܨaƾ11 qai54 lui44 ¸´»´ 㔠 jƯn 撞 yín ⅆ hu ԁ 淇 ni ӽo ㇟ xiàng 呑 jƯ ⍱ liú 20 ¸Ã¦µ kƱƟ m ƾӿƟ n xu ܤ tieu zƱaƾ kiei lƱԥ u 2) ¤Ä®¤ n £µ¥®¨´µ¦·ª´·ª´¦¦¤ ¦´µ¨¸¦°Â¨³¼Â¨ªµ¤ÁÈ°¥¼n °¦³µÄ¦³Á«°¥nµ´Éª¹ εĮoε«´¡rÁ¸É¥ª´µ¦Á¤º° µ¦¦° µ¦«¹¬µ
ª·¥µµ¦nµ Ç ®¨´ÉÅ®¨Á oµ¼n£µ¬µ °¨»n¤o°¥ÁÈ媤µÂ¨³n°ÁºÉ° ®¦º°Â¤oÂnε µÅª¥µ¦rÈ¡ªnµ¤¸µ¦¥º¤¤µµ£µ¬µ¸oª¥Án´ ¡·µ¦µµµ¦ÂnÁ εÁ¸¥ £µ¬µ¸ ( ±´É) ³Á®Èªnµµª¼o¥´Åo¦´°··¡¨£µ¬µ¸ »´µÎµÁ¸¥¸®µ´ ( す༡ᐁ 宅 19 µ¦Ân¦³ª´·«µ¦rÁ¸¥£µ¬µ¸Ã¦µ¤¸°¥»º° £µ¬µ¸¥»n°¦³ª´·«µ¦r ( ®¤µ¥¹n°·´ Áª¨µ´ÊÂn 21-221 ¸n°¦·µ¨ ) £µ¬µ¸¥»¨µ¦³ª´·«µ¦r ( ®¤µ¥¹nªÁª¨µ .«. 420-927) 20 Gu ӽng yùn ) ÁÈ´¹Á¸¥°nµٺ ) ”o°¤¼¨µ¦´¹ÄÁ°µ¦¸ÉºÉ° “ ªnµ¥ª·É Á¸¥£µ¬µ¸Ã¦µ¸Êº° £µ¬µ¸¸ÉÁ ¸¥ ¹ÊĤ´¥n ( .«. 1008) ´ÁÈ o°¤¼¨µ¦´¹Á¸¥£µ¬µ¸Ã¦µ¸É¤¸ªµ¤¤¼¦r¤µ ٶÉ»¸É´£µ¬µ«µ¦r¸ÄoÁÈ®¨´µ°oµ°·Á¸¥£µ¬µ¸Ã¦µ ¼oÂnº° Á·Á·Á®¸¥ ¨³ ·ª¥ ( ஐ㑻¸ Chén Péng nián, 澝Ў曛 Qi nj Y ǀng ) ºoµ “ ¡µ»¦¤Á¸¥£µ¬µ·É¸”
188 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
XƯnán gu Ɨnhuà ) Ã¥¥º¤nµ¤µµµª±´ÉÃ¥¦®¦º°¥º¤£µ¬µ¸¨µµºÉ°µ¦¤ª¨nµ Ç °µ¸Ê¥´¤¸Îµ«´¡rµnª¥º¤nµ¤µµ¨»n¤o°¥°ºÉ°¸n°®¹Éoª¥ Ã¥µª¼o¥´¸É»o¥Ãª ¥º¤¤µµµª¼o°¸ nªµª¼o¥´¸É¥¼µÂ¨³ªnµ¸¥º¤¤µµµªoª ´ª°¥nµÎµ¥º¤£µ¬µ¸Ä®¤n Âĵ¦µn°Å¸Ê
£µ¬µ¸¨µ ε° nµ¡ ·° · ε£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ྍ⬟ kČnéng kh ܧ54 n ԥn31 °µ³ ẚ bӿ pi33 ªnµ (εÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥ ) ⇍ᜳ shúx Ư ܨok11 ܨܭ 54 »oÁ¥ ᘙ kƗihuì ha:i54 hui11 ¦³»¤ ㇋⭉ dòufu tu ԥ11 fu31 Áoµ®¼o
2.3.5 ´ª°¥ nµÎµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´ Ä°oµ¥ °®´ª o°¸ÉÁ¸É¥ª´Îµ«´¡r¸Ê ³Ä®o´ª°¥nµ ε«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´ÂnÂ¥µ¤· °Îµ ´¸Ê
嵤 ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε¦ ·¥µ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε»«´¡r ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 0 ¤°® m24ܧma nuk11 lai11 ¨µ¥ ta ݦbin31 · h (¦³·) qha:n54 ®nµ tok54 phat54 µ lu ԥ11 Á¦º° ଔip11 Á¥È ݦu:n řř °»n kܧp54 hoi24 ®o°¥ ts ܭ54 Ân 0 qa ଔa11 ®oµ qom54 °¤ kap11  ε»¡ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε nª¥¦ ·¥µ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ εÁºÉ°¤ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ qon54 n° (Ânn° ) ݣak54 °¥µ (³ ) qha33 ´, ¨³ tuk54 l ԥn312 ¸®¨´ na ƾ24 ¥´ nܧ24 ®¦º°ªnµ 0 ma t ܧ54 ¹ k ܧ33 È.. Á®¤º°´ ði33 pin312 ÂnÁÈ.... 0 ma tam11 ( ¤µ ) µ¤ .. ƾa:m54 ε¨´ ta: ƾ54 va:i312 nµ µ¥nµn ... tin11 ÁÈ Îµ°´ªÁ¨ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε¨´¬µ¤ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ε¨oµ¥ (= ¨oµ¥´) ݦ 0 am24 ®¹É ba: ƾ24 Ân ( Äo´¦³µ¬ ) la ¨oª/¨n³ 0 nam54 ® ଔwa:m11 ε (1 ε¤º°) hܧ Á°³ 0 ¥°ta:i312 it54 ¸ÉÁ°È(®¹É) ta:p11 ´,¡´ ( Äo´oµ) ݦa tsit54 ®n 0 ܨin24 ( ॳ qi Ɨn) ¡´ tu ԥ24 ° ( Äo´°Å¤o) hܭ ³ (µ¤ ) fa:n31( з wàn ) ®¤ºÉ pai11 ¦´Ê ( Äo´µ¦¦³Îµ)
189 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
2.4 ¦³Åª¥µ¦r £µ¬µ¼o¥´ÁÈ£µ¬µÎµÃ εÂn¨³Îµ¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä´ªÁ°Â¨³ ÄoÅoÃ¥°·¦³ Ťn¤¸µ¦Á·¤®nª¥ÎµÁ·¤¨ÄεÁ¡ºÉ°ÎµÄ®oεÁ¨¸É¥Â¨®oµ¸É®¦º°¨´¬³µ
Ū¥µ¦r ¦¼Âµ¦¦³°ÎµÂ¨³¦³Ã¥Áȵ¦ÎµÎµ¤µÁ¦¸¥n° Ç ´µ¤¨Îµ´Â¨³
æ¦oµµÅª¥µ¦r¸Éε® Ã¥¤¸¦¼ÂŪ¥µ¦r¸Éε´ Ç ´¸Ê 2.4.1 æ¦oµ¦³Ã¥ªµ¤Á¸¥ª¡ºÊµ º° [ S.V.O ] ´ª°¥nµ¦³Ã¥Án ݦ 0 ku54 ka:n54 mu54 ´·®¤¼ kܭ54 da: ƾ24 ma t ܧ312 Á µ·¦³¼ ¼ · ®¤¼  · ¦³¼ ݦ 0 mi ԥ11 ðܭtřř pui54 ¤n»Å¢ pa11 bܧt31 qa ଔa:11 ¡n°°®oµ ¤n · Å¢ ¡n° ° ®oµ 2.4.2 ¤¸µ¦Äoε¨´¬µ¤ ¨´¬³Án¦³µ¦®¹É °£µ¬µ¼o¥´º°¤¸µ¦Äoε ¨´¬µ¤ µ´¸Îµ«´¡roµ¥Á¨n¤Ä®´º° “ µ¦«¹¬µª·´¥£µ¬µ¼o¥´” °®¨¸·É¢µ (Li Jinfang, 2000, pp. 252-255) ¡ªnµ¤¸Îµ¨´¬µ¤¸ÉÄoª¼n´Îµµ¤¤µ¹ 86 ε ¹Éε ¨´¬µ¤¸É¡ÂnÁÈ°Â ´¸Ê 1) ε¨´¬µ¤ °Îµµ¤ ¤¸°Âº° ε¨´¬µ¤Âo ¨³Îµ¨´¬µ¤ ¸É¥º¤Îµµ¤®¦º°Îµ·°ºÉ¤µÄoÁȨ´¬µ¤ Án ε¦·¥µ ε»«´¡r ¤¸¦¼ÂÁ®¤º°´º° [εª+¨´¬µ¤ +µ¤ ] ´ª°¥nµÁn ¨´¬µ¤Âo ¥º¤Îµ°ºÉ¤µÄo ݦ ܨa54 qu11 qha:i11 ¦°Áoµ°¼n »«´¡r tu54 ba ƾ24 ܨa11 ¦³µ¬µ¤Ân ° ¼n ¦°Áoµ µ¤ µ ¦³µ¬ 0 put54 mi ԥ11 qa tui54 oŤo·o ¦·¥µ am24 ଔwa:m11 la312 oµªµ¦®¹Éε · o oŤo ®¹É ε oµªµ¦
2) ε¨´¬µ¤ °Îµ¦·¥µ ¤¸°Â º° ¨´¬µ¤Âo °Îµ¦·¥µ ¨³¨´¬µ¤ °¦·¥µ¸É¥º¤Îµ°ºÉ¤µÄoÁȨ´¬µ¤ ¤¸¦¼ÂÁ®¤º°´ º° [ ε¦·¥µ +εª + ¨´¬µ¤ ] ´ª°¥nµÁn ¨´¬µ¤Âo ¥º¤Îµ°ºÉ¤µÄo tup11 ma312 tsit54 »®oµ¸ 嵤 ka:n54 ܨa54 pj ܧk11 ·°Îµ » ®oµ ¸ · ° µ ka:n54 ܨa54 ܨܭ t54 ·°¤ºÊ° ¦·¥µ ka:n54 tu54 pai11 ·µ¤¦´Ê · ° ¤ºÊ° · µ¤ Å
190 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
2.4.3 ¦¼Âµ¦Äoε n¸Ê 妦¡µ¤¦³Á£n¸ÊÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸°¦³´º° εn¸Ê¦³¥³Ä¨o /ni11/ “ ¸Ê” ¨³Îµn¸Ê¦³¥³Å¨ Änª °¦³¥³Å¨¥´Åo°¸¸É¦³´ º° Ũ / Ũ°°Å Ũ°°Å°¸ ¨³Å¨¸É» º°Îµªnµ / ଔa11/ “ ´É” / ݦb݁:i ŚŜ / “Ãn” /phi11 ݦb݁:i ŚŜ 0 “Ão” ¨³ /ma ði24/ “ ¼o” µ¤¨Îµ´ Ã¥³ªµÎµn¸ÊŪoε®noµ¥» °Îµ®¦º°ª¨¸ º° ªµÅªon°µnª¸Éo°µ¦n¸Ê ®µÄon¸ÊεȪµÅªo®¨´Îµ Äon¸Êª¨¸ÈªµÅªo®¨´ª¨¸ æ¦oµ º° [nª¸Éo°µ¦n¸Ê + εn¸Ê ] ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê ݦ 0 nam54 li11 ma la312 ni11 ¨µ®´ª¸Ê tu54 pi: ƾśřŚ phi11 b݁:i ŚŜ µ¤¸(n° )Ão ® ´ª ¨µ ¸Ê µ¤ ¸ Ão 0 0 tu312 to ƾ11 ܧƾ 24 ଔa11 ÎʵÁÈ´´Ê pa54 li11 ma nuk11 ma ði24 ¸É´ª¼o ÁÈ ´ Îʵ ´Ê ¸É ´ª ¼o 2.4.4 µ¦ ¥µ¥ªµ¤ µ¦ ¥µ¥ªµ¤Ä¸É¸Êº°µ¦ªµÎµÂ®n °Îµ®¨´¸É¼ ¥µ¥ ¨³ÎµÂ®n °Îµ¸Éε®oµ¸ÉÁÈnª ¥µ¥ ¤¸¦¼Â ´¸Ê 1) µ¦ ¥µ¥Îµµ¤ ε»«´¡r¸Éε®oµ¸É ¥µ¥Îµµ¤¤¸·«µµ¦ ¥µ¥Å oµ®¨´¹É°¨o°´¤µ·£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å ¦¼Âº° [ 宨´ + ε ¥µ¥ ] ´ª°¥nµ¦³Ã¥ Án ´ª°¥ µn ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ´ª°¥ µn ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 ma ƾa11 ܧk11 ¤oµ µª mu54 mi ԥ11 ®¤¼´ªÁ¤¸¥ ¤oµ µª ®¤¼ ¤n ݣiԥ11 ma:n312 ÁºÊ°Ä®¤n va312 puo11 ªµ¥´ª¼o ÁºÊ° Ä®¤n ªµ¥ ¼o 2) µ¦ ¥µ¥Îµ»«´¡r¨³Îµ¦·¥µ Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´ εª·Á«¬r¸ÉÄo ¥µ¥Îµ»«´¡r ¨³Îµ¦·¥µÁ¡ºÉ°°¦³´ ªµ¤Á o¤ o »£µ¡ ¦·¤µ æ¦oµÅª¥µ¦rÁÈÂÁ¸¥ª´ ´£µ¬µ¸ º°ªµÎµª·Á«¬rŪo®oµÎµ»«´¡r®¦º°Îµ¦·¥µ¸Éo°µ¦ ¥µ¥ ´ª°¥nµÎµÁn
¥µ¥»«´¡r ¥µ¥¦·¥µ ´ª°¥nµ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ´ª°¥nµ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 ƾ 24 ଔam11 ¸¤µ ta ƾśř ݦi11 a pai11 ¡¼°¸®¹É¦´Êܭݦ ¤µ ¸ °¸ ¡¼ ®¹É Å 0 ta:i31 qa na ƾ24 ®´Á·Å ma33 ܨaƾ11 ma54 Á¸Ì¥ª¤µ Á· ®´ Á¸Ì¥ª ¤µ
191 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
µ´ª°¥nµ³Á®Èªnµ¤¸µÎµ¥º¤¤µµ£µ¬µ¸ Án /ta:i31/ ¥º¤¤µµÎµªnµ ཚ tài “Á·Å ” /ma33 ܨaƾ11/ ¥º¤¤µµÎµªnµ 傜к mӽshang “ Á¸Ì¥ª ” 2.4.5 µ¦Âªµ¤ÁÈÁoµ ° 媵¤ÁÈÁoµ °Ä£µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸°Îµº° εªnµ /han24/ “ ° ” ¦¼¦³Ã¥ º° [+ nª¸É¼ÁÈÁoµ ° ± /han24/ + Áoµ ° ] ¨³ /na ƾ11/ “ ° ” 宨´ÄoĦ¼¦³Ã¥ªnµ [A + / ÁÈ ° / B] æ¦oµ´Ê°Â¸Ê°¨o°´£µ¬µ ¦³¼¨Å ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê ¦¼Â ´ª°¥nµ / han24 / ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ´ª°¥nµ /na ƾ11 / ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ¤¸ÎµÂ un24 han24 ku54 o° °¼ ni11 ts ܭ24 na ƾ11 ku54 ¸ÉÁÈ °´ ªµ¤ÁÈ o° (¨³°n° ) ° ¼ ¸É ÁÈ ° ¼ 0 Áoµ ° ni11 han24 ma nܧ11 ¸ÉÁÈ °Ä¦ ଔa11 na ƾ11 la:k11 ´ÉÁÈ °¨¼ ¸É ° Ħ ´É ° ¨¼ 0 ° °Â¨³Áoµ ³ÎµÂ ݣiԥ11 ku54 ta na312 ÁºÊ°´®µ Á¤ºÉ°¤¸nª¸É¼ÁÈÁoµ¨ ªµ¤ÁÈ ÁºÊ° ¼ ®µ ¦µ¡¦o°¤´ 媵¤ÁÈ 0 ¼°µ¤µ¦¨³Åo ®µÅ¤n¤¸nª¸É ° lu11 na312 ma ݦiƾ31 ݣaƾ24 ¸Éµ Áoµ Áoµ ¸Éµ ¼o¥´ ¼o¥´ ÁÈÁoµ ° 媵¤ÁÈÁoµ ° Ťnµ¤µ¦¨³Åo °µ¸Ê¥´¡ªnµ ¤¸µ¦¥º¤ÎµÂªµ¤ÁÈÁoµ °£µ¬µ¸¤µÄo Ã¥¥º¤´Ê娳 æ¦oµÂ£µ¬µ¸ º° /ti33/ ¥º¤¤µµÎµªnµ Ⲵ de , di ¦¼Âº° [ Áoµ ° + /ti33/ + nª¸É ¼ÁÈÁoµ ° ] Án /ku54 ti33 luk54/ ¼ ° oµ “ oµ °´” 2.4.6 ¦³Ã¥Á¦¸¥Á¸¥ 媵¤®¤µ¥Á¦¸¥Á¸¥¤¸°Îµ º° ε£µ¬µ¼o¥´ /ma312/ “ ªnµ” æ¦oµ¦³Ã¥°¨o°´¤µ·£µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å º° [A + »«´¡r + /ma312/ + B ] ¨³Îµªnµ /pi33/ ¹ÉÁÈ¤¤µµ£µ¬µ¸ ∄ bӿ æ¦oµ¦³Ã¥ÈÁÈ°¥nµ£µ¬µ¸ º° [A + /pi45/ + B + »«´¡r] ª·¸µ¦¨´£µ¬µÈº° Á¤ºÉ°Äoε£µ¬µ¼o¥´ÈÄoŪ¥µ¦r¼o¥´ oµÄoε£µ¬µ¸ÈÄoŪ¥µ¦r£µ¬µ¸ ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê
ku54 va: ƾ312 ma312 k ܭ54 ´¼ªnµÁ µ ma312 ¼ ¼ ªnµ  0ݦ van54 ni11 qa bot11 ma24 van54 n ܭ11 ª´¸Ê®µªªnµÁ¤ºÉ°ªµ ª´ ¸Ê ®µª ªnµ ª´ ªµ 0 0 0 pi33 ma ݦiƾ31 ni11 pi33 ma ݦiƾ31 ଔa11 qa na ƾ11 ¸Ê®´ªnµ´Ê ¸Ê ªnµ ´Ê ®´ 0 0 0 n54 ®¤¼´ª¸Ê°oªªnµ®¤¼´ª´Êܭݦa li11 mu54 ni11 pi33 ݦa li11 mu54 ଔa11 na n ´ª ®¤¼ ¸Ê ªnµ ´ª ®¤¼ ´Ê Ân
192 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
2.4.7 µ¦°ÎµÂ® n æ¦oµ °Îµ°ÎµÂ®n Án ¨nµ ®oµ ®¨´ oµ¥ ªµ εÁ®¨nµ¸Ê³ªµÅªo®oµÎµµ¤®¦º°¦¦¡µ¤ ¦¼Âº° [ ε°ÎµÂ®n+嵤 /¦¦¡µ¤ ] ´ ´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê lu54 pja312 o°®· pu ƾ33 lu11na312 Ä»nµ ®· Ä »nµ 2.4.8 ε¦ ·¥µ¸Éo°µ¦¦¦¤°´ª £µ¬µ¼o¥´¤¸Îµ¦·¥µ¸Éo°µ¦¦¦¤°´ª ¤¸ εªnµ /pu ԥ24/ “Ä®o” ¨³Îµªnµ /pan24/ “ ´ ,Ân” ¤¸Ã¦¦oµÁÈÂÁ¸¥ª´´£µ¬µ¸ º° [¦³µ + ¦·¥µ + ¦¦¤¦° ( ¼o¦´) + ¦¦¤¦ ( ·É ° /µ¦¦³Îµ)] ´´ª°¥nµn°Å¸Ê ku54 pu ԥ24 k ܭ54 ܨa54 li11 qai54 ´Ä®oÅn(Ân)Á µ°´ª ¼ Ä®o  ° ´ª Ån 0 µÂn (Ä®o)oµ´®¹É´ª p54 Áܧ pan24 luk54 ku54 ݦa li11 k 54ܭk  ´ oµ ¼ ®¹É ´ª
2.5 £µ¬µ ·É
£µ¬µ¼o¥´´ÅoªnµÁÈ£µ¬µ¸ÉÂ¥´ª°°Åµµ µoª -on°£µ¬µ°ºÉ Ç ´ª·µµ¦ ¸¹Ä®oªµ¤Ä´£µ¬µ¸Ê¤µ Ã¥Á¡µ³£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®· ¹ÉÁÈ¡ºÊ¸É¸É¤¸µª¼o¥´ °µ«´¥°¥¼n®µÂn¨³¦´¬µ£µ¬µ¼o¥´´ÊÁ·¤¤µ¸É» ®¨¸·É¢µ (Li Jinfang, 2002, pp. 115-122)
Åo¨¡ºÊ¸ÉÁÈ o°¤¼¨£µ¬µ¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®·Â¨oªÁ¦¸¥Á¸¥´·É°ºÉn Ç ¡ªnµ ¦³Åª¥µ¦r ŤnÂnµ´ Ân·É¸ÉÂnµ´º°¦³Á¸¥Â¨³ªÎµ«´¡r °´ÁÈÁr¸ÉÄoÂn£µ¬µ¼o¥´ °°ÁÈ 2 ·É ¹ÉÄÂn¨³·É¥´µ¤µ¦Ân·É¥n°¥Åo°¸ ´¸Ê 2.5.1 £µ¬µ ·É ´É³ª´°° ÅoÂn £µ¬µ¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®· ( ᇼᆱ৯ Fùníng xiàn ) εª 1,000 ¨³°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ ( 䛓එ৯ Nàp ǀ xiàn ) εª 400 ¤¸£µ¬µ¸ÉÂnµ´Ä Ân¨³o°·É ¹É´ªnµÁÈ·É¥n°¥Åo°¸ 3 ·É¥n°¥´¸Ê (1) ·É¥n°¥Á°q°®¤nµ ( ጘ傜൏䈝 É m ӽ t ԃyԃ) º°£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ³ª´°°¸É¡¼°¥¼nÄ´É ®¤¼noµnµ Ç °»¤¼n¨µ °ÎµÁ£°¢¼®·n ( 䉧ґᇼᆱ৯ GԃlƗ xi Ɨng Fùníng xiàn ) ÅoÂn oµ Á°q°» ( ጘᶁ É c njn) oµ¼oµ ( ᶌᒢ Dùgàn ) oµÁq°®¨ ( 㘵嗉 Zh Člóng ) oµnµqµ ( 䛓䗮 Nàdá ) oµ®¨nµ ( 嗉㓣 Lóngnà ) ¨³oµ®¤nµªoµ ( 傜䍟 Mӽguàn ) (2) ·É¥n°¥®¨µÁ¸É¥ ( 䛾ᘥ൏䈝 Lángniàn t ԃyԃ) º°£µ¬µ¼o¥´ ³ª´°°¸É¡¼´É °¥¼nÄ°®¤¼noµ °»¤¼n¨µ °ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®· º° oµ®¨µÁ¸Ê¥ ( 䛾ᷦ Lángjià ) ¨³oµÁ¸É¥ ®¨µ ( ᘥ䛾 Niàn láng )
193 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
(3) ·É¥n°¥®¥nµ®¨µ ( 䳵䛾൏䈝 YƗláng t ԃyԃ) ¨»n¤¸É¡¼£µ¬µ·É¥n°¥¸ÊÁ¦¸¥ ´ªÁ°ªnµ “ ®¥nµ®¨µ ” Á¦¸¥ºÉ°£µ¬µ´ªÁ°ÂnÁ·¤ªnµ “ £µ¬µÁ¥ -®¦ ( YƝróng y ԃ)” ¡¼°¥¼nÄ° »¤ °°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ º° »¤®¨Á®° ( Lónghé xi Ɨng ) ¨³»¤Ã¡Á®° ( Pǀhé xi Ɨng ) 2.5.2 £µ¬µ ·É ´É³ª´ ÅoÂn £µ¬µ·É¸ÉºÉ° £µ¬µµ±µ ( ᐤ䈝 BƗhƗ y ԃ) ¤¸Îµª ¼o¡¼£µ¬µ·É¸Ê 600 ¡¼°¥¼nÄ°®¤¼noµ °°ÎµÁ£°ªnµ®µ ( ᒯই৯ Gu ӽng nán ) º° »¤¸ÉÁ®ª¥ ( ᓅ൙ґ Dӿwéi xi Ɨng ) ¨³»¤µqµ ( ޛ䗮ґ BƗdá xi Ɨng )
3. ¦» ¦»µ¦³Îµ´ °£µ¬µ¼o¥´µ¸ÉÅo°·µ¥¤µ´ÊÂnoº° µª¼o¥´´Ê·Éµ°¥¼nÄ ¡ºÊ¸É°Äo °¦³Á«¸ ¤¸·Éµ®¨´°Â®n º° µª¼o¥´¸É°ÎµÁ£°nµÃ¡ ( ¤¨ªnµ¸) °ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®·Â¨³°ÎµÁ£°ªnµ®µ ( ¤¨¥¼µ ) µ¦Îµ¦ªÎµ¤³Ã¦³µ¦¸ 1994 ¤¸ 媦³µ¦¦³¤µ 2,000 ´¦³ª´·«µ¦r¸ÁºÉ°ªnµ ¦¦¡»¦»¬ °µª¼o¥´º°Ánµ æµ µ¥Á¥ªn¸É°µ«´¥°¥¼n¡ºÊ¸É®¨·É®µÂµ¥ n ³Á¨´É Äoµ£µ¬µ«µ¦r ´ª·µµ¦¸´ £µ¬µ¼o¥´Åªo£µ¥Äo£µ¬ µ¦³¼¨¸-·Á µ µ£µ¬µoª -o  £µ¬µÁ° -¥´ ( Áȼn µ ¦³´Á¸¥ª´´Â oªÅ¨³o-»n¥) ε«´¡r °£µ¬µ¼o¥´°µ³¤¸ªµ¤´¤¡´r´ £µ¬µ¦³¼¨Å¨oª ¥´¤¸Îµ«´¡r¸É°¨o°´£µ¬µ¸Ánµ ¨³µnª¨oµ¥¨¹´£µ¬µ ¦³ ¼¨¤° -Á ¤¦ »´¦´µ¨¸´µª¼´ o¥´¸É¤ ¨¥¼µÄ®oÁȤµ· °¨»n¤o°¥ µªoª ¨³´µª¼o¥´¸É¤¨ªnµ¸Ä®oÁȤµ·¨»n¤o°¥µªÁ®¥µ oµ«µµÂ¨³ ªµ¤ÁºÉ° µª¼o¥´¤¸ªµ¤ÁºÉ°Á¦ºÉ°¸ Áµ¦¡¼µª·µ¦¦¡»¦»¬Â¨³Á¡Áoµ ¦³ÁȸÉε´¸É¤ª¦³®¥·¥¤µ¨nµªÄ°£·¦µ¥¸ÊȺ° Ħ³®ªnµÁ¦¸¥Á¦¸¥ ªµ¤Á¦ºÉ°¸Ê ¼oÁ ¸¥¡Á®È¦³ÁȸÉnµÄ¤µ ¹É´ÅoªnµÁȦn°¦°¥ °£µ¬µÅ¥¸É ÁnµÂn°¥nµ®¹É εżn o°´·¬µÁ¸É¥ª´Îµª¨Îʵ¨³Îµ°¡¥µrÄ£µ¬µÅ¥Åo ¨nµªº° ε°¡¥µrÄ£µ¬µ¼o¥´µ¨»n¤¦´Îµ¡¥µrÁ¸¥ªÄ£µ¬µÅ¥ µ¨»n¤¦´ ε°¡¥µr¨³Îµª¨Îʵģµ¬µÅ¥ ¨³µ¨»n¤¦´Îµ°¡¥µr¸É ¹Êooª¥ “ ¦³ (³ ), ¤³ ” °µ¸Ê¥´¡Îµ°¡¥µr¸ÉÁÈεťæµ oª¥´¸Ê
0 ¦³Á£Îµ£µ¬µÅ¥ ´ª°¥nµÎµ£µ¬µ¼o¥´ÁÈε°¡¥µr ¹Êooª¥ / qa / 0 0 0 0 ®¹É¡¥µr qa lak54 ¨¹ qa ti:n11 ºÊ qa ta: ƾ24 ´Ê qa pܭƾ 11 ¡ 0 0 0 0 ¼ śř ܧn312 Ân,°oª qa man24 ¤´É qa ݦin11 ¥º qa ݣܭ qa n 0 ε°¡¥µr qa ܨܧ 54 ®´ªÁ¦µ³
194 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
0 ¦³Á£Îµ£µ¬µÅ¥ ´ª°¥nµÎµ£µ¬µ¼o¥´ÁÈε°¡¥µr ¹Êooª¥ / qa / 0 0 0 0 媨Îʵ qa la11 ¨oµ qa li ƾ11 ¨·Ê qa ଔܧ 312 Á¨º° qa l ܧn312 ¨º 0 qa ða: ƾ312 ªµ 0 0 0 0 ƾ 312ܧ ƾ 312 ma lܭřř ma l ܧ¹Êo qa da:k31 qa ݣ ε°¡¥µr¸É oª¥ “ ¦³ (³ ), ¤³ ” ¦³¼ ¦³¦° ¤¨ ¤³¨´(¤³Á¨º° )
Á¦¸¥Á¸¥´®nª¥ÎµÁ·¤®oµ¸ÉÂnÁ·¤ÁÈ妳¤Â¨³¤¸ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä´ªÁ° Ân Á¤ºÉ°Îµ¤µÁ·¤®oµÎµ°ºÉ³¨¦¼ÁÈÁ¸¥Áµ®¦º°¼Á¸¥Á¸¥µÁ¸¥Å ¨³°µ¤¸µ¦Â¦ ªµ¤®¤µ¥ÅµÁ·¤oª¥ ´ª°¥nµÁn 0 0 0 0 /puo / ¨ªnµ “ ¼o” ÄoÁ·¤®oµÎµÁ¦¸¥ ( εªnµ puo mܧ312 puo ܨak54 puo pak11 0 (ªnµ /ma ݦiƾ31/) “¼o®¤° ” ( ®¤°¸) “¼o¨´” ( æ ) “¼ooµ” ( oµ¼¡ 0 0 0 0 /la:k / ¨ªnµ “ ¨¼” ÄoÁ·¤®oµÎµÁ¦¸¥µ· la:k ƾܭ k11 la:k qa:n54 la:k ܨܭ ŝŜ εÁ¦¸¥·É ° µÁ¨È ÁȨ¼¨¤ ®¦º°ÁÈ “·Êª” “®¨µ ” ( ¨¼ °¨¼) “¨¼µ¥ ” Á¤È 0 0 0 0 ma:k / ¨ªnµ “ ®¤µ ” ÄoÁ·¤®oµºÉ°¨Å¤o ma:k li11 ma:k ݦit11 ma:k ma ƾ54/ “®¤µ¨¸É” ( µ¨¸É) “°»n” “®¤µ ”
µ o°¤¼¨Îµ«´¡rµ¦µ oµo¡ªnµ nªÁ·¤®oµ¸ÉÂnÁ·¤ÁÈ妳¤¤¸µ¦Â¦Å ÁÈ媨Îʵ ®µ¨°ÎµÎµªnµ “ ®¤µ ” °£µ¬µ¼o¥´Á¦¸¥Á¸¥´£µ¬µÅ¥ Á¦µ³Á®È ¦³ªµ¦ °µ¦Â¦Á¸¥µÎµ¦³¤ ÁÈε°¡¥µr ÁÈ媨Îʵ ¦³´É¡¥µr®oµ ¼®µ¥Å¨µ¥ÁÈε¡¥µrÁ¸¥ª ´¸Ê
195 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
o° o°´·¬µÎµÁ·¤ ª·ª´µµ¦ ε »´´
´·¬µ ®¤µ +ºÉ° ¤´+ºÉ° µ¦¦n°Á¸¥ Á¸¥´Îµª¨Îʵ
ÁÈ媨Îʵ (®¦º°Îµ¡¥µrÁ¸¥ª )
£µ¬µÅ¥ £µ¬µ 0 0 £µ¬µ¼o¥´ ma:k11 t ܭƾ 312 ma:k tܭƾ 312 ma tܭƾ 312 ( ) “®¤µ +ªµ ” “¤´+ªµ ” “¤³Â ” (ªµ ) 0 0 ma:k11 ta54 ma:k ta54 ma ta54 (µ ) “®¤µ +µ ” “¤´+µ ” “¤³µ ” ( ¨¼µ ) 0 0 ma:k11 la312 ma:k la312 ma la312 ¨µ “®¤µ +¨µ ” “¤´+¨µ ” “¤³¨µ ” m-p =bilabial 0 0 ma:k11 l ܭƾ 312 ma:k lܭƾ 312 ma lܭƾ 312 (¤¨ ) “®¤µ +¨ ” “¤´+¨ ” “¤³Â¨ ” 0 0 ma:k11 t ܧ312 ma:k tܧ312 ma tܧ312 (¦³¼) “®¤µ (µ )+ ¼” “¤´(µ )+ ¼” “¤³¼” 0 ma:k11 qa: ƾ24 ma:k Ř qa: ƾ24 ma qa: ƾ24 (µ ) “®¤µ +µ ” “¤´+µ ” “¤³µ ” £µ¬µÅ¥ ®¤µ +¦³ ¤´+¦³ ¤³¦³ ¤³¦³ ®¤µ +Á º° ¤´+Á º° ¤³Á º° ¤³Á º° ®¤µ +¨µ ¤´+¨µ (¤³ +¨µ ) ¨µ ¨µ ®¤µ +µ ¤´+µ (¤³ +µ ) µ µ
´ª°¥nµÎµ«´¡r£µ¬µ¼o¥´ oµo³Á®Èªnµ εªnµ /ma:k11/ “ ®¤µ ” °µ³ÁÈε 0 0 Á¦¸¥ºÉ°¨Å¤o¨oª ¥´¤¸µ¦Â¦ªµ¤®¤µ¥ÅÄo´Îµµ¤°ºÉ Án ma la312 “ ¨µ ”, /ma ta54/ 0 0 “µ ”, ma l ܭƾ 312 “ ¤¨ ”, /ma tܧ312/ “ ¦³¼” ¦µµ¦rÁn¸ÊÁ·µµ¦Á¦¸¥Á¸¥ ¦¼¨´¬r ° “ ®¤µ ” ªnµ¤¸¨´¬³¨¤ Á¨È ÁÈo° ÁÈ´ª εĮoªµ¤®¤µ¥Á·¤ ° “ ®¤µ ” °µ³Â¨ªnµ¨Å¤o¨oª ¥´Åo ¥µ¥ªµ¤®¤µ¥°°ÅÄo´Îµµ¤°ºÉ¸É¤¸¨´¬³¨oµ¥´oª¥ ®µ³Á¸¥Á¸¥ ´£µ¬µÅ¥ Á¦µ³¡¨´¬³Án¸ÊÅo´ÁÄ£µ¬µÅ¥·É°¸µ¸ÉÁ¦¸¥ ¨Å¤oªnµ “ ´” ¹ÉÈÁÈÁ¸¥Â¦ °Îµªnµ “ ®¤µ ” Án ºÉ°¨Å¤o ´¤¸É ( ») ´´ ( ´³¦ ) ´Á ¸¥ ( o°¥®nµ) ³Á¸¥ª´È ¥µ¥ªµ¤®¤µ¥ÅÄoÁ¦¸¥Îµµ¤°ºÉÅooª¥ ÅoÂn ºÉ°·É ° Án ´°¨° ( ¸É ª°ªµ¥ ) ´ ( ° ) ´³Â®¨n ( ÁºÊ°°¦³Áoµ) ºÉ°´ªr Án ´®°¥ (®°¥ ) ´ ¸ÊÁ¸Ê¥¤ ( ·Ê ) Á¦¸¥ Án ´®¨nµ ( ¨¼µ¥ Á¨È) ´Á¸É¥ª ( Á¡ºÉ°Á¨° ) ÁÈo o°¤¼¨´¸É¨nµª¤µ¸ÊÁȦn°¦°¥ °£µ¬µÅ¥ÁnµÂ¨³ª·ª´µµ¦ °£µ¬µÅ¥Åo
196 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)
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