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A Description of Buyang Language in Metcha Sodsongkrit Faculty of Liberal Arts, Ubon Ratchathani University

Abstract This article is an ethnolinguistic description of the Buyang language which is classified as newly discovered language in China. Chinese scholars have classified Buyang language under Sino- Tibetan , Zhuang-Dong branch, Ge-Yang sub-branch. The data from this study is mainly conclusion translated and synthesized from Chinese scholars’ research, then finding a relationship with . The article presents two main aspects: 1. Buyang ethnic information and 2. Buyang language description which consists of: (1) language classification (2) phonology (3) word system (4) grammar and (5) dialects. From the investigation, there is little data available about Buyang language in Thai linguistics. Previous Thai researchers mostly studied Buyang language information from foreign and some of Thai scholars’ research, but scarcely from Chinese scholars. This article will provide information about Buyang language from Chinese scholars so that Thai scholars are able to conduct further research related to the topic.

Keywords: Buyang, Ge-Yang, Tai language family, Kadai languages ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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o°¤¼¨ž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r ¦³Á«¦¬“„·‹­´Š‡¤ œ›¦¦¤Áœ¸¥¤ž¦³Á¡–¸ ª´•œ›¦¦¤ «µ­œµÂ¨³‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ° Ÿ¼oÁ ¸¥œ ­¦»ž¤µ‹µ„®œ´Š­º°£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦ºÉ°Š ljᐳཞ䈝⹄ウNJ “„µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š” (Li Jinfang, 2000, pp. 2-11)

163 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 „¨nµª™¹Š„µ¦ oµ¤œÎʵ oµ¤š³Á¨ ­nªœµªž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°„ªnµŠ®œµœ ( ¤–”¨¥¼œœµœ ) „Ȥ¸Á¦ºÉ°ŠÁ¨nµªnµ „µ‹µ„—·œÂ—œ®nµŠÅ„¨ ÁžÈœ—·œÂ—œš¸É¤¸ /lam33 mak55 lam33 ݣaż24/ “ œÎʵ ¤µ¤¡¥¡°¬«¦«¡¦¦ ( Š°Îʵ ¥´Š” ( ‡Îµªnµ ݣaż24 ÁžÈœºÉ°š¸Éµªž¼o¥´ŠÁ¦¸¥„˜´ªÁœ µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ oµœ®¦Šš»œ¤¸¦¦¡»¦»¬œ´Å—o 12 ¦»nœ ˜n„n°œ®œoµœ´Êœ¤¸„¨»n¤œ š¸É°¡¥¡¤µ˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœš¸É£¼Á µ “ ž¼oÁ‹¸¥” ( ᐳ᧕ኡ Bùji Ɲ sh Ɨn) Ž¹ÉŠ°¥¼nĄ¨o„´oµœ®¦Šš»œ¤µÂ¨oª 60 „ªnµž¸ µªž¼o¥´Šš¸Éœ¸É‹¹Šœnµ‹³°¡¥¡¤µÂ¨oªÅ¤nœo°¥„ªnµ 300 ž¸ ­nªœµªž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®œ·ŠÂ¨³°ÎµÁ£°n „ªnµŠ®œµœ°¡¥¡¤µ£µ¥®¨´Š ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„œ´¦¦¡»¦»¬Å—oÁ¡¸¥Š 5 ¦»nœ ¡Š«µª—µ¦£¼¤·œµ¤ °Š°ÎµÁ£° ¢¼®œ·Šn ljᇼᆱ৯ൠ਽ᘇ Fùníng xiàn Dìmíng zhì NJoµœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ oµœÁœ¸É¥œ ®¨µŠ Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ™·Éœ“µœ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š„È„n°˜´ÊŠ ¹ÊœÄœ­¤´¥¦µªŠ«r·Š (1644-1912) 2 Á¤ºÉ°¡·‹µ¦–µ‹µ„£¼¤·œµ¤Äœ­¤´¥Ã¦µ– °Š¡ºÊœš¸ÉÁŒ¸¥œŽ¸®œµœ ¨³¡ºÊœš¸É¦°¥˜n°„´ ¤–”¨„ªnµŠŽ¸ ŗo„nÁ ˜°ÎµÁ£°Á™¸¥œ®¨·œ ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ®¨Š®¨·œ ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¨³Ž¸®¨·œ (㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸‡Îµªnµ “ ¥´Š” ž¦µ„’°¥¼nĜºÉ°»¤œ®¨µ¥Â®nŠ ×¥ÁŒ¡µ³Äœ¡Š«µª—µ¦‹´Š®ª´—Ž·ÉŠ°¸Ê ljޤѹᓌᘇ Xìngyì f ԃ zhì NJš¸É´œš¹„Äœ­¤´¥¦µªŠ«r·Š (1853) „¨nµª™¹ŠºÉ°®¤¼noµœš¸ÉÁžÈœÁ ˜ž„‡¦°Š °Š‹´Š®ª´—Ž·ÉŠ°¸Ê ¤¸ºÉ°š¸Éž¦³„°—oª¥‡Îµªnµ “ ¥´Š” 25 ®¤¼noµœ Ánœ ¥´Šª´ÉŠ ( ཞᰪ YƗngwàng ) ¥´ŠÃªn (ཞগ YƗngwò ) ¥´ŠÁ­¸¥Š ( ཞ⾕ YƗngxiáng ) ¥´Š ¼ ( ཞ⾿ YƗngfú ) ¥´ŠÁŸ·œ ( ཞ⳶ YƗngpén ) ¥´ŠÁ¨n° (ཞҀ YƗnglè ) ¥´ŠÁ®¤¥ ( ཞẵ YƗngméi ) ¥´ŠŸ·Š ( ཞᒣ YƗngpíng ) ¥´Š®¥µ ( ཞ⢉ YƗng yá ) ¥´ŠÃ¥nª (ཞց yƗng yòu ) ÁžÈœ˜oœ ­nªœÄœ´œš¹„ ºÉ°lj≁᯿ᘇ Mínzú zhì NJ“¡Š«µª—µ¦œÁŸnµ” „Ȥ¸´œš¹„ ºÉ° °Š®¤¼noµœÄœ°ÎµÁ£°Án°Á±·Š ( ޼Ә Cèh Ɲng ) š¸Éž¦³„°—oª¥‡Îµªnµ “ ¥´Š” 19 ®¤¼noµœ Ánœ ¥´ŠÁœ¸É¥œ (ཞᘥ YƗngniàn ) ¥´ŠŒnµª ( ཞ㥹 YƗngc ӽo) ¥´Š„µœ ( ཞᒢ YƗngg Ɨn) ¥´Š®œ·Š ( ཞᆱ YƗngníng ) ¥´ŠÃ®¥nª ( ཞ৻ YƗngyou ) ¥´Š µœ ( ཞࠑ YƗngfán ) ÁžÈœ˜oœ ž‹‹»´œÁ ˜°ÎµÁ£°Á™¸¥œ®¨·œ´ ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ®¨Š®¨·œ ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¨³Ž¸®¨·œ ( 㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸‡Îµªnµ “ ¥´Š” ž¦µ„’°¥¼nĜºÉ°»¤œ®¨µ¥Â®nŠ „¨nµª‡º° °ÎµÁ£°Á™¸¥œ®¨·œ ( ⭠᷇ Tiánlín ) ¤¸ 17 ®¤¼noµœ Ánœ ¥´Š®ª´Š ( ཞ⦻ YƗngwáng ) ¥´Šž qµ¥ (ཞⲭ YƗngbái ) ¨·Éª¥´Š ( ޝཞ Liùy Ɨng ) „Š¥´Š œ׋ཞ Gǀngy Ɨng ) ¥´ŠÁŒµ ( ཞᵍ YƗngcháo ) ÁžÈœ˜oœ °ÎµÁ£°®¨Š®¨·œ ( 䲶᷇ Lónglín ) ¤¸ 5 ®¤¼noµ) ŗo„n Ÿ·Š¥´Š ( ᒣཞ Píngy Ɨng ) ˜´Š¥´Š ( ᖃཞ DƗngy Ɨng ) ¥´Š¨nµ ( ཞ㝺 YƗnglà ) ¥´Š­´Éª ( ཞ㍒ YƗngsu ԁ) ¡nµœ¥´Š ( ⮄ཞ Pàny Ɨng ) ¨³°ÎµÁ£°Ž¸®¨·œ ( 㾯᷇ XƯlín ) ¤¸ 11 ®¤¼noµœ Ánœ œnµ¥´Š ( 䛓ཞ Nàyang ) nµœ¥´Š ( ᶯཞ Bӽnyang ) ¥´ŠÁ®ª¥ ( ཞѪ YƗngwèi ) ¥´Š„ªµŠ ( ཞݹ YƗnggu Ɨng ) ¥´ŠŒµ ( ཞ㥦ž YƗngchá ) ÁžÈœ˜oœ ºÉ°®¤¼noµœ®¦º°ºÉ°­™µœš¸Éš¸É¤¸‡Îµªnµ “ ¥´Š” ž¦µ„’œ¸Ê ˜µ¤‡Îµ°„Á¨nµ °Šµª‹oªŠÂ¨³µªž¼o°¸ Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ„¨»n¤µ˜·¡´œ›»rš¸ÉÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š—´ÊŠÁ—·¤ °Š¡ºÊœš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ°ªnµ ÁžÈœ®¤¼noµœš¸Éµªž¼o¥´ŠÁ‡¥˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœ  2 㯯 Qián ÁžÈœºÉ°¥n° °Š¤–”¨„»o¥Ã‹ª 㯯す Qián xi ®¤µ¥™¹Š „»o¥Ã‹ª˜³ª´œ˜„ 㯯༡ Qián nán ®¤µ¥™¹Š „»o¥Ã‹ªÄ˜o

164 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 °¥¼n°µ«´¥ ®¦º°Å¤n„ÈÁžÈœš¸Éš¸Éµªž¼o¥´ŠÁ‡¥°¡¥¡Ÿnµœ œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¤¸®¨´„“µœšµŠª´•œ›¦¦¤°¥nµŠ®œ¹ÉŠ 3 °Šµªž¼o°¸Äœ¤–”¨„»o¥Ã‹ª Ánœ µªž¼o°¸š¸Éoµœ¥´Š ¼ oµœ¥´ŠÁŸ·œ oµœ¥´Š¨nµ ¨³oµœ¥´Šª´ÉŠ ¤¸‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ° Á„¸É¥ª„´ “ „µ¦¼µ˜oœ„¨oµ” ®¦º°Á¦¸¥„°¸„ºÉ°ªnµ “ „µ¦¼µš»nŠœµž¼o¥´Š” Ĝª´œš¸É 6 Á—º°œ 6 Á¡¦µ³™º°ªnµ š»nŠœµš¸ÉŗočoÁ¡µ³ž¨¼„°¥¼nš»„ª´œœ¸ÊÁžÈœ‡»–¼ž„µ¦‹µ„„µ¦»„Á·„¡ºÊœš¸É¨³®´„¦oµŠ™µŠ¡ŠÃ— ¥µªž¼o¥´Š ¤µÂ˜n°—¸˜ o°¤¼¨„µ¦°¡¥¡¥oµ¥™·Éœ °Šœ„¨»n¤œo°¥Äœ¥¼œœµœÄœš‡ªµ¤ °Š¢ µœ®Š„»o¥n (Fan Honggui, 1988, pp. 132-135) Ä®o o°¤¼¨ªnµ µª‹oªŠÄœ°ÎµÁ£°Á®¤·ÉŠ®¨oµ ¤–”¨¥¼œœµœ Á¦¸¥„˜´ªÁ°Šªnµ “ ž¼o¥´Š” (Á ¸¥œÁžÈœ°´„¬¦‹¸œªnµ ᐳཞ Bùy Ɨng ®¦º° ᐳ⌻ Bùyáng ) µªÅ˜Á¦¸¥„œ„¨»n¤œ¸Êªnµ “ Ÿ¼o¥´Š” µª±´Éœ Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “ ‡œŽµ ” ( ⋉Ӫ Sh Ɨ rén ) œ„¨»n¤œ¸ÊÁ‡¥¤¸™·Éœš¸É°¥¼nĜž¦³Áš«¨µª¤µ„n°œ ­´œœ·¬“µœªnµÁžÈœ µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É®¨°¤¦ª¤¤µÁžÈœµª‹oªŠ Á­oœšµŠ„µ¦°¡¥¡ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š„¨»n¤œ¸ÊÁ¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´Ã—¥ÄoÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ ( ĺ —´Šœ¸Ê „ªnµŠŽ¸ ( ᒯ㾯 Gu ӽngx Ư) ĺ Á®ª·œŽµœ ( ᮷ኡ Wénsh Ɨn) ĺ ®¥ªœ®¥µŠ ( ݳ䱣 Yuányang ĺ Á‹¸¥ŠÁŒ·Š ( ⊏෾ Ji Ɨngchéng ) ĺ ¨µª ( 㘱᥍ Lӽow ǀ) ĺ Á®¤·ÉŠ®¨oµ ( ऀ㝺 MČnglà ) ‹µ„‡Îµ°„Á¨nµÂ¨³Á¦ºÉ°ŠÁ¨nµ­º˜n°„´œ¤µ °Šµªž¼o¥´ŠÁ°Š„ȨoªœÁ„¸É¥ª o°Š„´„µ¦°¡¥¡¥oµ¥™·Éœ Ánœ µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®œ·ŠÁ¨nµªnµ “¦¦¡»¦»¬ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š¤¸¡¸Éœo°Š­µ¤‡œ ¡¸É‡œÃ˜˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœš¸É °ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ ¡¸É‡œ¦°ŠÅž°¥¼nš¸ÉÁ ˜Á®ª·œŽµœ ­nªœ‡œÁ¨È„Åž°¥¼nš¸ÉÁª¸¥—œµ¤ ” ¡¸Éœo°Š­µ¤‡œ—´Šš¸Éªnµœ¸Ê œnµ‹³®¤µ¥™¹Š„µ¦°¡¥¡ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š­µ¤„¨»n¤š¸ÉÂ¥„¥oµ¥„´œÅž˜µ¤Â˜n¨³Á­oœšµŠ o°¤¼¨š¸ÉÁ®¨¸¥Š®¤·Éœ (Liang Min,1990, pp. 13-21) ­´œœ·¬“µœÁ„¸É¥ª„´„µ¦°¡¥¡­µ¤Á­oœšµŠÅ—o„n Á­oœšµŠš¸É®œ¹ÉŠ °¡¥¡šªœ„¦³Â­œÎʵÁ¨¸¥ ŠÂ¤nœÎʵ‹¼Á‹¸¥Šš¸É˜„ œŠ ¹ÊœÅžšµŠš·«Á®œº°´É (­µ¥Â¤nœÎʵ®ŠÁ‹¸¥Šᬅ 㓒⊏ Hóngji Ɨng ) ¨oªÁ oµ­¼n Š˜³ª´œ˜„ÁŒ¸¥ŠÁ®œº° °Š„ªnµŠŽ¸´É Á­oœšµŠš¸É­°Š°¡¥¡šªœ„¦³Â­œÎʵ Á¨¸¥ ŠÂ¤nœÎʵ‹¼Á‹¸¥Šš¸É˜„ œŠ¨ŠÅžšµŠš·«Ä˜o´É ( ‡º°­µ¥Â¤nœÎʵ¥ŠÁ‹¸¥Šᬆ 䛅⊏ Yǀngji Ɨng ‹´ÉªÁ‹¸¥Š ᐖ⊏ Zu ԁji Ɨng ¨³Ã¥nªÁ‹¸¥Š ਣ⊏ Yòuji Ɨng ) ¨oªÁ oµ­¼n Š˜³ª´œ˜„ÁŒ¸¥ŠÄ˜o °Š„ªnµŠŽ¸´É Á­oœšµŠ ؍˜°ÎµÁ£°‹·ÊŠŽ¸ ( 䶆㾯 Jìngxi ) Á˜q°žᬇµªn ( ᗧ É­µ¤‡º°„¨»n¤š¸É˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœ¦³®ªnµŠÁ­oœšµŠ°¡¥¡ „ȇº°Á¸š Déb ӽo) ¨³œnµÃ¡ ( 䛓එ Nàp ǀ) Á°È—¤´œ­´œÂ¨³®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Edmondson, J.A. and Jinfang, L.,1996, pp. 983-990) Ä®o o°¤¼¨Á„¸É¥ª„´Á­oœšµŠ„µ¦°¡¥¡ °Šµªž¼o¥´ŠÁ¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´Ã—¥ÄoÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ ĺ —´Šœ¸Ê ÁŒ¸¥œŽ¸®œµœ ĺ „ªnµŠŽ¸ ( °ÎµÁ£°Á™¸¥œ®¨·œ ®¨Š®¨·œÂ¨³Ž¸®¨·œ) ĺ ¥¼œœµœ ( ‹´Š®ª´—„ªnµŠ®œ·Š ¨³„ªnµŠ ¼) ĺ ‹œ™¹Š¥»‡¦µ ªŠ«r·Š —oª¥Á®˜»‡ªµ¤Á®¨ºÉ°¤¨Îʵ °Š¦³°«´„—·œµÁžÈœÁ®˜»Ä®oœ„¨»n¤œo°¥˜nµŠ ™¼„´Š‡´Ä®o°¡¥¡Åž°¥¼nĜ¡ºÊœš¸É„´œ—µ¦®nµŠÅ„¨ °´œÁžÈœ¡ºÊœš¸ÉÁ ˜Åž nÁ­o° °Š¤–”¨„ªnµŠŽ¸  3 ®¤¼noµœš´ÊŠ®¤—œ¸ÊĜ¡Š«µª—µ¦ÄoºÉ°°´„¬¦‹¸œªnµ ኸ yƗng ž‹‹»´œÁž¨¸É¥œ¤µÄo°´„¬¦´ ⛚ °°„Á­¸¥ŠÁ®¤º°œ„´œ °´„¬¦Á—·¤Âž¨ªnµ “ „¨µŠ ” °´„¬¦Ä®¤nž¨ªnµ “ ˜oœ„¨oµ” —´Šœ´Êœ„µ¦¼µ “ š»nŠœµž¼o¥´Š” „ÈÁž¦¸¥Á­¤º°œ„µ¦¼µ “ ˜oœ„¨oµ” Ş¡¦o°¤„´œ

165 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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166 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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167 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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168 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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ץčoŤo¨oªœ Ç Å¤nčo˜³ž¼ ˜n¤¸‡ªµ¤‡ŠšœÂ Ȋ¦Š ž‹‹»´œµªž¼´ o¥´ŠµŠ­nªœÁ¤ºÉ°“µœ³—¸ ¹Êœ„È®´œ¤µ ­¦oµŠoµœ—oª¥°·“ „¦³ÁºÊ°Šš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Â Ȋ¦Š„ªnµ (Tan Yuping, 2014, online) °µ®µ¦„µ¦„·œ Á°„¨´„¬–r°µ®µ¦ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š„ȇº° “ µœÎʵ¤´œ” šÎµ‹µ„ oµªÁ®œ¸¥ª­»„˜µ„®oŠ ™´Éª‡´Éª ĝµ µœÎʵ¤´œ ‡´ÉªÄ®oÁ®¨º°Š ¨oªÁ˜·¤œÎʵ¨ŠÅž Á¤ºÉ°‹³—ºÉ¤„Ȝε oµªÃ¡—‡´Éª ™´Éª¨·­Š‡´ÉªÄ­nĜ™oª¥ ¨oªœÎµµš¸É˜o¤¤µÁš Ä­n™oª¥ œ°„‹µ„œ¸Êµªž¼o¥´Š¤¸Á®¨oµ®¤´„­¼˜¦¡·Á«¬š¸É®¤´„‹µ„ oµª®¦º° oµªÃ¡— œÎʵŸ¹ÊŠ œÎʵ˜µ¨ ÁžÈœÁ®¨oµ¦­®ªµœÂ˜nÁ¤µŠnµ¥ µªž¼o¥´Šœ·¥¤Äo­°Š­·ÉŠœ¸Ê˜o°œ¦´Â „Ÿ¼o¤µÁ¥º°œ (Tan Yuping, 2014, online)

2. „µ¦¡¦¦–œµ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÄœ­µ›µ¦–¦´“ž¦³µœ‹¸œ Ĝ¨Îµ—´˜n°Åž ‹³°›·µ¥¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥— °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ŗo„n Ÿ¨Šµœ„µ¦«¹„¬µ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š „µ¦‹´—nŠ˜¦³„¼¨£µ¬µ ¦³Á­¸¥Š ¦³‡Îµ ¦³Åª¥µ„¦–r ¨³£µ¬µ™·Éœ —´Šœ¸Ê 2.1 Ÿ¨Šµœ„µ¦«¹„¬µ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÂ¨³„µ¦‹´— Š˜¦³„¼¨£µ¬µn œ°„‹µ„¡Š«µª—µ¦š¸É¤¸„¨nµª™¹ŠºÉ°µªž¼o¥´Š Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ®¨´„“µœ™¹Š„µ¦˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š Ĝ°—¸˜Â¨oª œ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œÁ¦·É¤¤¸„µ¦„¨nµª™¹ŠºÉ°£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÁ¤ºÉ°«¹„¬µ£µ¬µš¸ÉĄ¨o·—°ºÉœ ®¦º°£µ¬µ ž¼o¥´Šš¸ÉÁ¦¸¥„ºÉ°ÁžÈœœ„¨»n¤œo°¥°ºÉœ Ánœ ÁŒ·œŒ¸„ªµŠ Á¦ºÉ°Š ­´ŠÁ ž£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª (Chen Qiguang, 1984, pp. 62-75) ¢µœ®Š„»o¥n Á¦ºÉ°Š “ „µ¦­Îµ¦ª‹­£µ¡µ˜·¡´œ›»r‹oªŠÄœ°ÎµÁ£°Á®¤·ÉŠ®¨oµ ¤–”¨¥¼œœµœ ” (Fan Honggui, 1988, pp. 132-135) Á®¨¸¥Š®¤·Éœ ­µ¤Ÿ¨Šµœ ‡º° Á¦ºÉ°Š “ £µ¬µ¨³˜·” (Liang Min, 1989, pp. 152-160) Á¦ºÉ°Š “ ž®µ„µ¦‹´—„¨»n¤£µ¬µÁ„°´ -¥´Š” (Liang Min, 1990a) Á¦ºÉ°Š “The Buyang Language” (Liang Min, 1990b) ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ ¤¸Ÿ¨Šµœš‡ªµ¤Â¨³®œ´Š­º°®¨µ¥Ÿ¨Šµœ Ánœ Á¦ºÉ°Š “­´ŠÁ ž£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š” (Li Jinfang, 1996a) Á¦ºÉ°Š “The Second System of Baha Buyang” (Li Jinfang, 1996b) Á¦ºÉ°Š “ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š” (Li Jinfang, 2000) Á¦ºÉ°Š “ „µ¦­Îµ¦ª‹Â¨³«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µ ž¼o¥´Šš¸É¢¼®œ·Šn ” (Li Jinfang, 2002) Á¦ºÉ°Š “ ­´ŠÁ ž£µ¬µžµ±µ -ž¼o¥´Š” (Li Jinfang, 2003) Á®°Á¥¸É¥œÁŒ·Š Á¦ºÉ°Š “ »¤œ»¤Á°„­µ¦Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦«¹„¬µÅª¥µ„¦–r£µ¬µÁ„°¨µªÂ¨³£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š” (He Yancheng, 2011) ¨³Ã¤n®nµ¥Á®ª·œ Á¦ºÉ°Š “ Ū¥µ„¦–r£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°®¦Š™»œ” (Mo Haiwen, 2016) ‡ªµ¤­Îµ‡´ °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸Éœnµ­œÄ‹°¥nµŠ®œ¹ÉŠ‡º° Á¤ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´£µ¬µ—´ÊŠÁ—·¤ °Š £µ¬µ°°­Ã˜¦ÁœÁ¸¥œ (Proto - ) „È‹³Á®Èœªnµ¤¸‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r„´œ°¥nµŠ

169 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª ( ž¦´ž¦»Š‹µ„ Li Jinfang , 2000, p. 189)

2.2 ¦³Á­¸¥Š ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ ( Li Jӿnf Ɨng , 2000, pp. 12-32) ŗo¨Š¡ºÊœš¸ÉÁ„ȝ o°¤¼¨£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š 4 ®nŠ ‡º° (1) £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®œ·Šn oµœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ºÉ°£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ( 㑻ᯫ 宅 Lángjià huà ) (2) £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š°ÎµÁ£°„ªnµŠ®œµœ oµœ¥´ŠÁ®¨¸¥œ ºÉ°£µ¬µ™·Éœžµ±µ ( ᕮအ 宅 BƗhƗ huà ) (3) £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š °ÎµÁ£°¢¼®œ·Šn oµœÁ°q°»œ ºÉ°£µ¬µ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ ( ᓚᮧ É c njn) (4) £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š°ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ oµœ®¦Š™»œ ºÉ°£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ ( 㞞㑻 Yӽláng ) ª·Á‡¦µ³®r o°¤¼¨¦³Á­¸¥Šš´ÊŠ­¸É™·Éœ—´Šœ¸Ê 2.2.1 ¡¥´œ³ o°¤¼¨¦³Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Á¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´˜µ¤“µœ„¦–r ¨³Á¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´Á­¸¥Š ¡¥´œ³ °ŠÂ˜n¨³£µ¬µ™·ÉœÃ—¥Äo°´„¬¦¥n°—´Šœ¸Ê LJ. ‡º°™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ BH. ‡º°™·Éœžµ±µ EC. ‡º°™·Éœ Á°q°»œ ¨³ YL. ‡º°™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ —´Šœ¸Ê

ºÉ°£µ¬µ™·Éœ ¡¥´œ³˜oœÁ—¸É¥ª LJ. p ph ݦb m f v BH. p ph b b ܸ m m๑ f v v‡ EC. p ݦb m f v YL. p ph ݦb m f v

171 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 LJ. t th ݦd n l BH. t th d dܸ n n๑ l l๑ EC. t ݦd n l ܾ YL. t th ݦd n l

LJ. ts tsh BH. ts tsh EC. ts YL. ts tsh

LJ. ș ð ଔ ܨ BH. ଔ ‡ݣ Û ܨ ‡ ș ð r ଔ ݣ ܨ EC. ș ð ଔ ݣ ܨ YL. ș ଔ

LJ. k kh ƾ ݦ h

BH. k kh g g ܸ ƾ 1‡ ݦ h EC. k ƾ ݦ h q Ȥ YL. k kh ƾ ݦ h q qh

¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ LJ. pj lj

BH. pj phj bj b ܸj mj EC. pj ݦbj ݦdj YL. pj kj

 

172 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ LJ. ݦbw BH. pw phw bw mw EC. YL.

LJ. tw thw dw lw BH. EC. tw ݦdw lw YL.

LJ. tsw  BH.  EC.  YL. 

w ݣwܨ LJ. șw 'w ଔw w ݣwܨ BH. șw w ݣwܨ EC. șw YL. 

LJ. kw  khw ƾw hw qhw BH. kw  khw gw ƾw hw EC. kw  ƾw YL. kw  khw

173 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 ‡Îµ°›·µ¥¦³Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³ 1. ¡¥´œ³Á—¸É¥ª™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥¤¸ 39 Á­¸¥Š ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸ 35 Á­¸¥Š ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ¤¸ 21 Á­¸¥Š™·Éœ ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸ 25 Á­¸¥Š 2. ™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ™·Éœžµ±µ ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸„µ¦Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ °ŠÁ­¸¥Š¡nœ¨¤„´Å¤n¡nœ¨¤ ˜n ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œÅ¤n¤¸Á­¸¥Š¡nœ¨¤ œ°ŠÁ­¸¥Š„´„œÎµ®œoµÁ­¸¥Š„o°Š / ݦ-/ ™·É ɜ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸¨´„¬–³·™ .3 žµ±µÅ¤n¤¸ 4. ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸„µ¦Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ„´œ¦³®ªnµŠÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³œµ­·„„o°Š /m, n, ଔ, ƾ/ „´Á­¸¥Š 7 œ–³š¸É™·É œµ­·„Ťn„o°Š /  m๑ , n๑, ଔ‡, 1‡/ ¨³Á­¸¥Š„o°Šž„˜· /v, l,  ݣ/ „´Á­¸¥Š„o°Š¤¸¨¤ / v‡, l,๑ ۇ/ Ĝ ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠÅ¤n¤¸ ¨´„¬–³Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ °ŠÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Âœ¸ÊšÎµÄ®o£µ¬µ ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸‹ÎµœªœÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³¤µ„š¸É­»—Äœ¦¦—µ£µ¬µ™·Éœš´ÊŠ­¸É 5. ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸„µ¦Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ„´œ¦³®ªnµŠÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³„o°Šž„˜ · /b, d, g/ „´ Á­¸¥Š„o°Š ¡nœ¨¤ / bܸ, dܸ, gܸ/ ˜n™·Éœ°ºÉœÅ¤n¤¸ 6. ™·Éœžµ±µÁžÈœ™·ÉœÁ—¸¥ªš¸É¤¸¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥Š¦´ª¨·Êœ /r/ ™·Éœ°ºÉœÅ¤n¤¸ 8 7. Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ £µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ ⭙໬ኌẕ È huà sh Ɲngm ԃ ŗo„n ¡¥´œ³š¸É¤¸„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š“µœ„¦–r °Š¡¥´œ³Á—·¤Â¨oªÁ¨ºÉ°œÅžÁ¡—µœÂ Ȋ Á­¸¥Šœ·—œ¸Ê‡¨oµ¥„´ „µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š£µ¬µÅš¥ ¡¥ - ­¥ - ¡¥´œ³ž¦³Á£šœ¸Ê£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥¤¸ 2 Á­¸¥Š ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸ 5 Á­¸¥Š ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ¤¸ 3 Á­¸¥Š ¨³™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸ 2 Á­¸¥Š 8. Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ £µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ ၁໬ኌẕ Chúnhuà sh Ɲngm ԃ ŗo„n¡¥´œ³š¸É¤¸„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š“µœ„¦–r °Š¡¥´œ³Á—·¤Â¨oªÁ¨ºÉ°œÅž¦·¤ ¸žµ„ ‡¨oµ¥„´¡¥´œ³ ‡ª„¨Îʵ „ª - ‡ª - Ĝ£µ¬µÅš¥ ¡¥´œ³ž¦³Á£šœ¸Ê£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥¤¸ 16 Á­¸¥Š ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸ 12 Á­¸¥Š ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ¤¸ 8 Á­¸¥Š ¨³™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸ 2 Á­¸¥Š —´Š‹³Á®Èœªnµ£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸¨´„¬–³ °ŠÁ­¸¥Š‡ªœo°¥š¸É­»— ‡º°¤¸°¥nµŠ¨³ 2 Á­¸¥Š 9. ž„˜·Â¨oªœ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œ‹³ª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ­¸¥Š /ts, tsh/ Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š‡Îµ¥º¤‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ ÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Äœ£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨Åš—oª¥ ˜n„È‹³šÎµÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š® ¤µ¥ * Á°µÅªoªnµÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š‡Îµ¥º¤‹µ„

 7 œ´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÄo­´¨´„¬–r / ‡ / Ūo oµŠÄ˜o­´š°´„¬¦š¸ÉÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š„o°Š¤¸¨¤ Á¡ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ„´Á­¸¥Š„o°Šž„˜· 8 Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Âœ¸ÊĜ®œ´Š­º° “ œµœµ£µ¬µÄœÁ°Á¸¥°µ‡Áœ¥r: £µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨Åš ” ( ­»¦·¥µ ¦´˜œ„»¨, 2548, œ. 134) Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “ Á­¸¥Š¦°Š ” (secondary articulations) ÁžÈœ¨´„¬–³ °Š„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š¦°ŠÁ­¦·¤„´„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š®¨´„ Á­¸¥Š š¸É£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ¡¥´œ³»— Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ ‡º° labialization ÁžÈœ„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥ŠÂ®n°žµ„Åž¡¦o°¤„´œ ¨³Á­¸¥Šš¸É£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ¡¥´œ³»—Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ ‡º° palatalization ÁžÈœ„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥ŠÂ¥„¨·Êœ­nªœ®œoµ Ş¡¦o°¤„´œ

174 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 £µ¬µ‹¸œ ˜nĜ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š¡ªnµÁ­¸¥Š /ts, tsh/ ÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š °Š‡ÎµÄœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÂ¨³¤¸°¥¼nĜ£µ¬µ™·Éœ š»„£µ¬µ ŤnčnÁ­¸¥Šš¸É¤µ‹µ„‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œ 10. ‹µ„„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³„´£µ¬µ­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠš´ÊŠ­¸É œŠ¡ªnµ Á­¸¥Š ¡¥´œ³š¸ÉšÎµÄ®o£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÂ˜„˜nµŠÅž‹µ„­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠš¸ÉÁ—nœ´—‡º°Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³ /7, '/ ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„£µ¬µš¸ÉÁžÈœ­¤µ·„­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ š»„£µ¬µÅ¤n¤¸Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥Šœ¸Ê 2.2.2 ­¦³ ˜µ¤ª·›¸„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦³Á­¸¥ŠÂ‹¸œ nŠÁ­¸¥Š­¦³ÁžÈœ­¦³Á—¸É¥ªÂ¨³­¦³ 9 ž¦³­¤ Ĝ­nªœ °Š­¦³ž¦³­¤¤¸­nªœž¦³„°­µ¤­nªœ‡º°®´ª­¦³ šo°Š­¦³ ¨³®µŠ­¦³ —´Šœ´Êœ­¦³ ž¦³­¤‹¹Š­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠ¥n°¥Å—o°¸„­µ¤Â‡º° ­¦³ž¦³­¤„´®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ°¦¦›­¦³ /i, u/ ­¦³ž¦³­¤ „´®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³œµ­·„ /m, n, ƾ/ ¨³­¦³ž¦³­¤„´®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥Š„´„ /p, Š°t, k, ݦ/ Ž¹ÉŠ­¦³Á—¸É¥ªÂ¨³®µŠ­¦³‹³¤¸°·š›·¡¨˜n°¦³Á­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r—oª¥ ( ‹³Å—o°›·µ¥ÄœÁ¦ºÉ ª¦¦–¥»„˜r®´ª o°˜n°Åž ) Á­¸¥Š­¦³£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš´ÊŠ­¸É™·ÉœÁžÈœ—´Šœ¸Ê

£µ ­¦³ ®µŠ­¦³

¬µ Á—¸É¥ª ®µŠ ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª °¦¦›­¦³ œµ­·„ „´„Ťn¦³Á·— ™·Éœ a e o ԥ ݁ i u m n ƾ p t k -ݦ ³¦­ LJ. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k BH. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k EC. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:p a:t a:k YL. a a݁ ai au am an aƾ ap at ak a:i a:u a:m a:n a: ƾ a:t a:k

LJ. BH. EC. ܭ ܭm ܭn ܭƾ ܭp ܭt ܭk ݦܭ tܭ pܭ ƾܭ nܭ mܭ uܭ iܭ ܭ .YL

LJ. BH. EC. ܧ ܧm ܧn ܧƾ ܧt ܧk

 9 „µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®ršµŠ£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„Á­¸¥Š­¦³ªnµ 㡤 ẕ Yùnm ԃ ×¥š¸É„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦³Á­¸¥Š­¦³Â‹¸œœ´Êœ ­nªœš¸É°¥¼n™´—‹µ„¡¥´œ³˜oœÅžœ´ÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š­¦³š´ÊŠ®¤— Ánœ ‡Îµªnµ tian Á­¸¥Š /t/ ÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³˜oœ Á­¸¥Š­¦³ š´ÊŠ®¤— °Š‡Îµœ¸Ê‡º° /ian/ Ĝ­¦³š´ÊŠ®¤— °Š‡Îµ Ç œ¸Ê nŠÁžÈœ ®´ª­¦³ šo°Š­¦³ ¨³®µŠ­¦³ ­nªœš¸É£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ “Á­¸¥Š­¦³ ” œ¸Ê ˜¦Š„´‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸Éœ´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦rŚ¥Äoªnµ “ ­nªœšoµ¥¡¥µŠ‡r” (syllable rime) Á­¸¥Š­¦³Â˜n¨³­nªœ nŠ—´Šœ¸Ê Á­¸¥Š /i/ ÁžÈœ ®´ª­¦³ (㡤⣜ yùntóu ) Á­¸¥Š /a/ ÁžÈœ šo°Š­¦³ ( 㡤⭡ yùnfù ) Á­¸¥Š /n/ ÁžÈœ ®µŠ­¦³ ( 㡤ᑿ yùnw Či)

175 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



YL. ܧ ܧm ܧn ܧƾ ܧp ܧt ܧk

LJ. e eu em en eƾ ep et ek BH. e eu em en eƾ ep et ek EC. e ei eu em en eƾ ep et ek YL. e ei eu em en eƾ ep et ek

LJ. i ia iu im in iƾ ip it i: ƾ i:p i:k ian iek BH. i ia iԥ iu im in iƾ ip it i: ƾ i:p i:k ian iek EC. i ie iu im in iƾ ip it ik i:u i:n i: ƾ i:t i:k iau ian ia ƾ iak ia:u ia:n ia: ƾ ieu ien iet

YL. i ia iԥ iu im in iƾ ip it ik iܧ iԥ i:u t ia:k iԥݦܧiam ian i

LJ. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok BH. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok EC. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok o:i o:m o:n o: ƾ o:k YL. o oi ou om on oƾ op ot ok

LJ. u uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uak ua:i ua: ƾ ua:k BH. u uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uak ua:i ua: ƾ ua:k EC. u ua ue uo uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:m u:n u: ƾ u:p u:t u:k ua:n ua: ƾ ua:t YL. u ua uԥ ui um un uƾ up ut uk u:i u:n u: ƾ u:t uԥݦ

LJ. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k

݁ :n ݁ƾ ݁:t   ݁a:k 

176 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



BH. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k

݁ :n ݁ƾ ݁:t   ݁a:k  EC. ݁ ݁ԥ ݁m ݁ƾ ݁t ݁k

݁:m ݁:n ݁ƾ ݁:t YL. ݁ 

LJ. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ ԥt ԥk BH. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ ԥt ԥk EC. ԥ ԥi ԥn ԥƾ YL.

‡Îµ°›·µ¥Á­¸¥Š­¦³ 1) ­¦³Á—¸É¥ªš»„Á­¸¥ŠÄœš»„£µ¬µ™·ÉœÁ¤ºÉ°Á„·—×¥¨Îµ¡´ŠÅ¤n¤¸„µ¦Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ °Š­¦³­´Êœ¥µª ˜n‹³¤¸„µ¦Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ °ŠÁ­¸¥Š­´Êœ¥µªÁ¤ºÉ°Á„·—ÁžÈœ­¦³ž¦³­¤ 2) ­¦³Á—¸É¥ªš¸É¤¸Äœ£µ¬µ™·Éœš»„£µ¬µ‡º° /a,e,i,o,u, ݁/ ­¦³ / ܭ,ܧ/ ¤¸ÁŒ¡µ³£µ¬µ™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ „´£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª / ԥ/ ¤¸Äœ£µ¬µ™·Éœ­µ¤£µ¬µ¥„Áªoœ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ 3) ®µŠ­¦³ °Š£µ¬µ™·Éœš»„£µ¬µ¤¸­µ¤Â‡º° ®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª /a, e, o, ԥ, ݁/ /°Š®µŠ­¦³ /ݦ µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ°¦¦›­¦³ /i,u/ ¨³®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š„´„ /p, t, k/ ¨³¡¨´„¬–³® ÁŒ¡µ³Äœ£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ ™·Éœ°ºÉœÅ¤n¤¸ 4) Ĝš»„£µ¬µ ®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª /a, e, o, ԥ, ݁/ ‹³Á„·—„´®´ª­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ°¦¦›­¦³ /i+ ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª / ¨³ /u+ ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª / ­nªœ®´ª­¦³ / ݁+­¦³Á—¸É¥ª / ‹³Á„·—„´ / ԥ/ Ášnµœ´Êœ œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê ®µŠ­¦³Á—¸É¥ª / ܧ/ ¤¸Äœ£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠÁ¡¸¥Š™·ÉœÁ—¸¥ª ¨³¤¸Á¡¸¥ŠÁ­¸¥ŠÁ—¸¥ª‡º° /i ܧ/ ™·Éœ°ºÉœÅ¤n¤¸ 5) ­¦³ž¦³­¤­°ŠÁ­¸¥Šš¸É£µ¬µ™·Éœš´ÊŠ­¸É£µ¬µ¤¸‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ¦³Á¸¥Â¨³­°—‡¨o°Š„´œ‡º°­¦³ ž¦³­¤š¸É¤¸®´ª­¦³ÁžÈœ /a, e, o/ 6) ­¦³ž¦³­¤­µ¤Á­¸¥ŠÁžÈœ­¦³š¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„®´ª­¦³ÁžÈœ°¦¦›­¦³ /µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠš»„£µ¬µ œ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œ¨oªœª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ­¸¥Š­¦³ / ܻ, ݑ µ¬µš¸ÉÁžÈœ­¤µ·„­µ£ (7 Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š­¦³Äœ‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š­¦³Äœ£µ¬µ­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ—oª¥ ˜nŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á­¸¥Š­¦³ —´Š„¨nµªœ¸ÊĜ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ‹µ„„µ¦˜¦ª‹­°‡Îµ«´¡šr„È¡ªnµ¤¸‡Îµ¥º¤‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œÄœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÅ¤n¤µ„ Ášnµ„´£µ¬µÂ œŠ‹oªŠ -ب³˜oŠ-­»n¥ °¸„š´ÊŠ‡Îµ¥º¤‹¸œÁ„nµ„Èœo°¥„ªnµš¸É¡Äœ£µ¬µ­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ¤µ„ °¸„ž¦³„µ¦®œ¹ÉŠ‡Îµ¥º¤‹¸œÁ „nµ­nªœÄ®n£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ°¸„š°—®œ¹ÉŠ šÎµÄ®o ¦³Á­¸¥Š£µ¬µ‹¸œÄœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÅ¤nÁ—nœ´—¤µ„œ´„ Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³Â¨³­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‹¹ŠÅ¤nž¦µ„’ÁžÈœ®œnª¥Á­¸¥ŠÄœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š

177 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 2.2.3 Á­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r ˜µ¤®¨´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÂnŠª¦¦–¥»„˜rÁžÈœ­°ŠÂ‡º°ª¦¦–¥»„˜r 10 Ĝ‡Îµ­¦³¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ‡º° ‡Îµš¸É¤¸­¦³Á—¸É¥ª ‡Îµš¸É¤¸®µŠ­¦³ÁžÈœ°¦¦›­¦³ ¨³‡Îµš¸É¤¸®µŠ­¦³ÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š œµ­·„ „´°¸„ž¦³Á£š®œ¹ÉŠ‡º° ª¦¦–¥»„˜rĜ‡Îµ­¦³¡¥µŠ‡rž·— ŗo„n ‡Îµš¸É¤¸®µŠ­¦³ÁžÈœÁ­¸¥Š„´„ /p, ¼t, k, ݦ/ ‹µ„®¨´„Á„–”r—´Š„¨nµª­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠÁ­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜rĜ£µ¬µžo¥´Šš´ÊŠ­¸É™·ÉœÅ—o—´Šœ¸Ê LJ. BH. EC. YL. ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— 55 55 55 55 54 54 53 53 53 53 45 24 24 24 33 33  33 33 33 33 31 31 31 31 32 31 31 312 322 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12

‡Îµ°›·µ¥Á­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r 1. ‹µ„„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš´ÊŠ­¸É™·Éœ‹³Á®ÈœªnµÁ­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜rš¸É¤¸Á®¤º°œ„´œ‡º°Á­¸¥Š /11/ ¨³ /33/ ˜n™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸¦³—´Á­¸¥ŠÂ˜„˜nµŠÁ¨È„œo°¥ÁžÈœ /12/ 2. ª¦¦–¥»„˜r /31/ ¤¸Á®¤º°œ„´œ­µ¤£µ¬µ™·Éœ ˜n™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ¤¸¦³—´Á­¸¥ŠÂ˜„˜nµŠÁ¨È„œo°¥ ÁžÈœ /32/ 3. ª¦¦–¥»„˜rš¸É¤¸Á¡¸¥Š£µ¬µ™·ÉœÁ—¸¥ª‡º° /45/ ¤¸ÁŒ¡µ³™·Éœžµ±µ œ°„‹µ„œ¸Êª¦¦–¥»„˜r™·Éœ žµ±µ¤¸ /322/ š¸ÉŤn¤¸Äœ£µ¬µ™·Éœ°ºÉœ—oª¥ ¨³ª¦¦–¥»„˜r /312/ ¤¸ÁŒ¡µ³™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ 4. ª¦¦–¥»„˜rÁ­¸¥Š /33/ ¤¸Á®¤º°œ„´œš»„£µ¬µ™·Éœ ˜n™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥„´™·ÉœÁ°q°»œÅ¤nž¦µ„’ Ĝ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— 5. ‹Îµœªœª¦¦–¥»„˜r£µ¬µ™·Éœžµ±µ¤¸¤µ„š¸É­»— ‡º° 7 Á­¸¥Š ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠ¤¸œo°¥š¸É­»—‡º° 4 Á­¸¥Š ­nªœ™·Éœ® ¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥„´™·ÉœÁ°q°»œ¤¸™·Éœ¨³ 6 Á­¸¥ŠÁšnµ„´œ  10 ®¨´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÂnŠ­¦³ÁžÈœ­°Šž¦³Á£š ‡º° 1. ­¦³¡¥µŠ‡rÁž · — £µ¬µ‹¸œÄo‡Îµªnµ ⯎ኌ㡤 Sh nj sh Ɲngyùn ž¨˜µ¤˜´ª°´„¬¦®¤µ¥™¹Š “ ­¦³Á­¸¥Š‡¨µ¥ ” ‡º°¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É¨Ššoµ¥—oª¥­¦³Á—¸É¥ª °¦¦›­¦³ ¨³¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥Šœµ­·„ ˜¦Š„´‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸Éœ´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦rŚ¥Äoªnµ “ ¡¥µŠ‡rÁžÈœ” ¨³ 2. ­¦³¡¥µŠ‡rž· — £µ¬µ‹¸œÄo‡Îµªnµ ಁኌ㡤 Cù sh Ɲngyùn ž¨˜µ¤˜´ª°´„¬¦®¤µ¥™¹Š “ ­¦³Á­¸¥Š­´Êœ ®¦º°­¦³Á­¸¥Š„¦³´” ‡º°¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É¨Ššoµ¥—oª¥¡¥´³Á­¸¥Š„´„ ˜¦Š„´‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸Éœ´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦rŚ¥Äoªnµ “ ¡¥µŠ‡r˜µ¥ ”

178 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 6. ª¦¦–¥»„˜rĜ£µ¬µ™·Éœ®¥nµ®¨µŠÁ„·—Å—o„´š´ÊŠ‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·—¨³‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rž·— ˜n™·Éœ°ºÉœ °¸„­µ¤™·Éœª¦¦–¥»„˜rµŠÁ­¸¥Š¤¸ÁŒ¡µ³‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁž·— ˜nŤnÁ„·—„´‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rž·—

­¦»ž„µ¦ž’·£µ‡ °ŠÁ­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r °Šš´ÊŠ­¸É™·Éœ—´Šœ¸Ê LJ. BH. EC. YL. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. Tone e.g. 312 lo ƾ312 “ —µª ” 31 ro ƾ31 “ —µª ” 33 lܧƾ ś3 “ —µª ” 31 lu ԥ31 “ —µª ” ”nµ “ 33ܧݦba11 “ nµ” 33 ma33 “ nµ” 55 ݦba55 “ nµ” 33 ݦb 11 11 p ܭƾ 11 “ ¡Š ” 45 pe ƾŜŝ “¡Š ” 11 pia: ƾ11 “ ¡Š ” 12 pia12 “ ¡Š ” ta11 “ ˜Îɵ” 33 ta33 “ ˜Îɵ” ta11 “ ˜Îɵ” tܧ12 “ ˜Îɵ” 54 tsh ܭƾ 54 “ ·Š” 322 qe ƾśŚŚ “ ·Š” 24 ܨa: ƾ24 “ ·Š” 53 kia53 “ ·Š” 31 qai54 “ ńn” 33 qai322 “ ńn” ai24 “ ńn” qܧŝś “ ńn” ”°ݦdu ԥ31 “ ­³—º°” 45 na:u322 “ ­³—º°” ݦdu24 “ ­³—º°” ݦdu53 “ ­³—º ܨܧ 54 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” r݁33 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” șo24 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ³ ” șa:u53 “ ®´ªÁ¦µ ³” qhun54“ ®œ (šµŠ )” ka45 “ ®œ ” hun24 “ ®œ ” qhon53 “ ®œ ” (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 121)

2.2.4 ǦŠ­¦oµŠ¡¥µŠ‡r (C=Consonant, V=vowel, T=Tone) ¡¥µŠ‡rĜ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ž¦³„°—oª¥¡¥´œ³ ­¦³ ¨³ª¦¦–¥»„˜r Ĝ­nªœ °ŠÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ¡¥´œ³Â¨³­¦³œ´Êœ ®œ´Š­º°»— “ž¦·š¦¦«œr£µ¬µ °Šœ„¨»n¤œo°¥ ” š¸É—εÁœ·œ„µ¦Äœž¸ ‡.«. 1956 œ´Êœ œ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®o ¡¥´œ³»—Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ /- w/ „´¡¥´œ³»—Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ /-j/ ÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³˜oœ Á—¸É¥ª Á¡¦µ³¨´„¬–³„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥ŠÁžÈœ„µ¦°°„Á­¸¥Š °Š“µœ„¦–rÁ—·¤¡¦o°¤Åž„´“µœ„¦–r°ºÉœ ˜n “µœ„¦–r °ŠÁ­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³š¸Éšo‹¦·Š¥´Š‡Š˜´—­·œªnµÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³˜´ÊŠ˜oœÁ—·¤°¥¼n ŤnčnÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦ ‡ª„¨Îʵ °Š¡¥´œ³­°ŠÁ­¸¥Š °¸„Á®˜»Ÿ¨®œ¹ÉŠš¸ÉŤn˜´—­·œÄ®oÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³‡ª„¨Îʵ„ȇº° œ°„Á®œº°‹µ„ Á­¸¥ŠÁž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœÂ¨³Á­¸¥ŠÁž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„¨oª „ÈŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á­¸¥Š¡¥´œ³‡ª„¨Îʵ°ºÉœ Ánœ /pl, pr/ °¸„ ¥´Š¤¸°¸„ž¦³Á—Èœ®œ¹ÉŠ‡º° ž®µ °Š¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁ­¸¥Š´ /-j/ ¨³ /-w/ „´°¦¦›­¦³ /i, u/ ªnµ ‹³˜´—­·œÄ®oÁžÈœ /-ja/ ®¦º° /-ia/ ¨³ /-wa/ ®¦º° /-ua/ œ´Êœ ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¤¸®¨´„“µœ‡¼nÁš¸¥Á­¸¥Š °Š¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥ŠÁž¨¸É¥œ„´‡Îµš¸É°°„Á­¸¥Š—oª¥°¦¦›­¦³ ‡º° /-j/ „´­¦³ /i/ ¨³¡¥´œ³ /- w/ „´­¦³ /u/ °¥nµŠÁnœÄœ£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007, pp. 14-24) Á®˜»š¸ÉŤn˜´—­·œÄ®o¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ /-j/ ÁžÈœ­¦³ /i/ ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¤¸‡¼nÁš¸¥Á­¸¥Šš¸É°°„Á­¸¥Š ˜nµŠ„´œ´—Á‹œ Ánœ /pja:k45/ “ ‹µ„ , ®nµŠ ” Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ„´ /piak45/ “ Á ¸¥œ ” ÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´œ„´š¸ÉŤn ˜´—­·œÄ®o¡¥´ œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ /-w/ ÁžÈœ­¦³ /u/ „ÈÁ¡¦µ³­µ¤µ¦™®µ‡¼nÁš¸¥Á­¸¥Šš¸É°°„Á­¸¥Š ˜nµŠ„´œ´—Á‹œÁnœ„´œ Ánœ /kwa: ƾ213/ “ „ªoµŠ ” Áž¦¸¥˜nµŠ„´ /kua ƾ55/ “ µ ”

179 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 °¥nµŠÅ¦„Șµ¤®œ´Š­º°£µ¬µ‹¸œÄœ»— “ ­¦¦œ·¡œ›r¦ª¤»—„µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µ¡Ä®¤nĜ ž¦³Áš«‹¸œ” š¸É—εÁœ·œ„µ¦®¨´Š‹µ„ǦŠ„µ¦»—„n°œ®œoµœ¸Ê ¤¸„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®oµŠ£µ¬µ¤¸¡¥´œ³ Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœÁ¡—µœ /-j/ ¨³¡¥´œ³Áž¨¸É¥œÁžÈœ¦·¤ ¸žµ„ /-w/ ÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³Á—¸É¥ªÁ®¤º°œÃ‡¦Š„µ¦„n°œ ˜nµŠ£µ¬µ„Ȫ·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®oÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³‡ª„¨Îʵ Ĝ­nªœ °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Li Jinfang, 11 2000, p. 30) ª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®oÁ­¸¥Šœ¸ÊÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³‡ª„¨Îʵ /CC/ —´Šœ´ÊœÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠ¡¥µŠ‡rĜ­nªœ ¡¥´œ³˜oœ °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š‹¹Š¤¸ /C/ ¨³ /CC/ ­nªœÁ­¸¥Š­¦³¥´Š‡Š¥¹—™º°„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r˜µ¤ÂÁ—·¤ ‡º° ¤¸­¦³Á—¸É¥ª„´­¦³ž¦³­¤ ×¥ª·Á‡¦µ³®rªnµ­¦³ž¦³­¤¤¸®´ª­¦³ (V) šo°Š­¦³ (V) ¨³®µŠ­¦³ Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Á®Èœªnµ­nªœš¸ÉÁžÈœ®´ª­¦³‡º° /V/ ­nªœš¸ÉÁžÈœšo°Š­¦³‡º° (V ) ˜n­nªœš¸ÉÁžÈœ®µŠ­¦³°µ‹‹³ÁžÈœ ¤V/ ‡º° /u, i/ ®¦º°ÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³ /C/ ‡º° /m, n, ƾ, p, t, k, ݦ/ „Èŗo œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê ®œ´Š­º°Á¨n/ ³¦­›¦¦° Á—¸¥ª„´œœ¸Ê¥´Šª·Á‡¦µ³®rÄ®o¤¸¡¥µŠ‡r ¹Êœ˜oœ—oª¥ /V/ Ánœ‡Îµªnµ /u45/ “ Žn°œ ” ÁžÈœ /VT/ ˜n‡ªµ¤‹¦·ŠÂ¨oª ¥°Š¡¥µŠ‡rœ¸Ê„ȇº°¡¥´œ³Á­¸¥Š / ݦ/ Ĝš¸Éœ¸Ê‹¹Š‹³ª·Á‡¦µ³®rǦŠ­¦oµŠ¡¥µŠ‡rÄ®¤n × œ³˜oœ´¥¡ œÎµ o°¤¼¨‡Îµ«´¡šršoµ¥Á¨n¤¤µª·Á‡¦µ³®rŗo—´Šœ¸Ê

12 CVT (CV) po11 mܧ24 ka11 “£¼(Á µ )” “®¤o°” “‡µ (˜·—,‡oµŠ )” CVVT qai54 pau24 k݁ԥ 11 (C+ ®´ª­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦³ ) “ńn” “ž¼” “¤³Á º°” CVCT ƾan213 qha:n54 ܨa: ƾ11 (C+ ®´ª­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³ ) “ÁŠ·œ” “®nµœ ” “oµŠ ” CVVVT ݦua:i33 gua:i33 (C+ ®´ª­¦³ +šo°Š­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦³ ) “¡µ¥Á¦º°” “®ªnŠ” CVVCT diek33 p݁a:k11 kua:t11 (C+ ®´ª­¦³ +šo°Š­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³ ) “Á˜È¤” “ÁŸº°„ ” “„ªµ— ” CCVT ݦbwe31 kwa24 pja312 “Á¨¸Ê¥ª ” “( ˜Š )„ªµ ” “( ¢oµ)Ÿnµ” CCVVT gwa:i33 (CC+ ®´ª­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦³ ) “®ªnŠ” CCVCT kwa: ƾ24 kwa:t11 mjek55 (CC+ ®´ª­¦³ +®µŠ­¦³š¸ÉÁžÈœ¡¥´œ³ ) “„ªoµŠ ” “„ªµ— ” “œ ”

 11 ˜n°¥nµŠÅ¦„Șµ¤ „ÈŤn¡ªnµ¤¸Á­¸¥Š‡ª„¨Îʵ°ºÉœ ¤¸Á¡¸¥Š /-j/ ¨³ /-w/ Ášnµœ´Êœ 12 0 ¤¸¡¥µŠ‡rµŠ­nªœÃ—¥ÁŒ¡µ³¡¥µŠ‡r®œoµÄœ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r µŠ‡¦´ÊŠÅ¤n°°„Á­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r Ánœ /qa nai řř / 0 0 0 “Á®œºÉ°¥ ” /ma t ܧ312/ “ ž¦³˜¼” /la pak54/ “ ¢„´ ” /qo lip řř / “ Á¨È” ˜n™oµÁžÈœ‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁ—¸¥ª‹³°°„Á­¸¥Šª¦¦–¥»„˜r š»„‡Îµ

180 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Ç ‡Îµ«´¡šr­nªœÄ®nÁžÈœ‡ÎµÃ——¡¥µŠ‡rÁ—¸¥ªÂ¨³‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É¡¥µŠ‡r®œoµ°°„Á­¸¥ŠÁµ ¤¸‡Îµž¦³­¤­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦ž¦³­¤‡Îµ °Š‡ÎµÃ—— ¨³¤¸‡Îµ¥º¤‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œš´ÊŠš¸ÉÁžÈœ‡Îµ ­Š­´¥ªnµ¦nª¤ÁºÊ°­µ¥ ‡Îµ¥º¤Á„nµÂ¨³‡Îµ¥º¤Ä®¤n ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 169) ŗočoªŠ ‡Îµ«´¡šr¡ºÊœ“µœ °Š Swadesh ‹Îµœªœ 200 ‡ÎµÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ( ™·Éœžµ±µÂ¨³™·Éœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥)

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 13 ‡–³Ÿ¼oª·‹´¥Á¦ºÉ°Š “ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª ” (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007, p. 115) „Èŗo

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181 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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 œŠ Ś¥ ª´œ Á—º°œ ž¸ œ œÎʵ ˜´ —ε œµ œ„ n1 pi1 fun1 nam4 tap7 dam1 na2 nok8ۑoªŠ -Ř Ř van2 d‹ ‹oªŠ on2 d ݁n1 pi6 f ݁n1 nam4 tap7 nam1 na2 ܵok8 on2 d ݁:n1 pi1 v ݁n1 zam4 tap1 van4 na2 zo ݦ8 ž¼o°¸ ă n1 nam4 tap7 nam1 ja5 nok8ۑ oŠ-­»n¥ ˜oŠ man1 ଔa:n1 ଔin2 pj˜ ă 3 8 n1 nam3 tap7 ݦnam1 ݦܶa nokۑf 1ܭn¥ van1 njen2 m«­ 1 5 8 kܧ fin1 nam3 tap7 nam ݦja n 1ܭÁ®¤µ van1 njen2 ஆb ®œµœ 7 1 5 8 kܧm4 tap nam ܵa nۑ n1 nۑ fan1 njen2 ஆbe1 kw ¤´¨¼¤ ®¨¸ ®¨¸ van1 ଔa:n1 pou2 fun1 nam3 tap7 dom3 ta2 tat7 Á„° -¥´Š Á„°¨µª sen44* t‘u44 plei33 zau44 ԥ݁ 55 ta53pu 44 ܾaƾ44 z ԥ݁ 12 ntau31 n vԥn33 ta:n53 mja:i33 ௥au213 ݦo 33 tap33 dam53 ne33 ଔuk45 Ÿ¼Áž¸¥ª ă tap54 dam24 nau43 nuk11 24 ܧ n11 pi: 312 ݣu:t11ܭvan54 t ž¼o¥´Š ă · vua 31 nࡦ44 pi35 ଔaƾ35 i44 tja31 lja ƾ55 nu35 ଔo13 ¨³˜ ă tyou55 ă ă ¤¼®¨n nµª ve31 ܾa31 ts ԥ24 me31 u 33 - ଔaƾ31 na53 zau53 * ཙ ti n “ ” ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œ Ɨ ª´œ ă  14 ‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µ˜nµŠ Ç š¸Éž¦µ„’˜¨°—š´ÊŠš‡ªµ¤œ¸Ê‡´—¨°„¤µ‹µ„¦µ¥„µ¦‡Îµ«´¡šršoµ¥Á¨n¤ °Š®œ´Š­º°š¸ÉÄ®o¦µ¥ºÉ°Åªoœ¸Ê

182 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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‹µ„˜µ¦µŠ oµŠ˜oœ‹³Á®Èœªnµ‡Îµ«´¡šr œŠ‹oªŠ -Ř „´Â œŠ˜oŠ-­»n¥ ¤¸‡ªµ¤­°—‡¨o°Š„´œ °¥nµŠÁ®ÈœÅ—o´— ¨³­µ¤µ¦™¤°ŠÁ®Èœ‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›rŞ‹œ™¹Š£µ¬µ®¨¸Â¨³Á„° -¥´ŠÅ—o ˜n„Ȥ¸ ‡Îµ«´¡šrµŠ­nªœ Ánœ‡Îµªnµ œ œÎʵ Ťn­°—‡¨o°Š„´­µ¤Â œŠ oµŠ œ ˜n‹´„¨»n¤„´œÁŒ¡µ³Äœ  œŠÁ„° -¥´Š œ°„‹µ„œ¸ÊĜ­nªœ °Š‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸ÉŤn¡o°Š„´˜¦³„¼¨Åš ( Š ªµ¤º°­°Šn°Š´É ) ÁžÈœ‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É¤¸ÁŒ¡µ³ÁŸnµ¡´œ›»r£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ‡Îµ«´¡šr„¨»n¤œ¸ÊŤn­°—‡¨o°Š„´£µ¬µ°ºÉœ ˜nš¸Éœnµ­´ŠÁ„ ˜ ÁžÈœ°¥nµŠ¤µ„„ȇº° ¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šr„¨»n¤®œ¹ÉŠÅ¤nÁ¡¸¥ŠÅ¤n­°—‡¨o°Š„´£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨Åš Ťn­°—‡¨o°Š„´ £µ¬µ‹¸œ ˜n„¨´­°—‡¨o°Š„´£µ¬µÂ œŠÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¨³£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨¤° -Á ¤¦ ( ŠŽoµ¥¤º°´É ­°Šn°Š ) ÁžÈœ®´ª o°š¸Éœnµ­œÄ‹«¹„¬µ˜n°Åž ÁœºÉ°Š ‹µ„µªž¼o¥´Š¤¸‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r¨³°µ«´¥°¥¼nĄ¨o·— „´œ®¨µ„®¨µ¥„¨»n¤®¨µ¥£µ¬µ ‹¹ŠÁ„·—„µ¦­´¤Ÿ´­£µ¬µÅ—o Á„¸É¥ª„´ž¦³Á—Èœœ¸ÊÁ®¨¸¥Š®¤·Éœ (Liang Min, 1990a) ŗoÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š„´£µ¬µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Li Jinfang, 2000, p. 143) ŗoÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š„´˜´ªÂšœ£µ¬µ¤° -Á ¤¦‡º°£µ¬µ®ªnµ 15 ¨³£µ¬µž¼o„´œ š´ÊŠ­°ŠšnµœÅ—očo‡Îµ«´¡šr °Š Swadesh 200 ‡ÎµÄœ„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ Ÿ¨­¦»žÁžÈœ ¦o°¥¨³ °Š‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r„´œ—´Šœ¸Ê o°¤¼¨„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š„´£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Á®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¤° -Á ¤¦ Á®¤¸¥ª Á®¥µ ®ªnµ ž¼o„´œ ‡·—ÁžÈœ¦o°¥¨³ 10 6.38 14 11 ‹µ„ o°¤¼¨‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r °Š‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š„´£µ¬µ­µ µÁ®¤¸¥ª -Á®¥µ ¨³„´ £µ¬µ¤° -Á ¤¦Â­—ŠÄ®oÁ®Èœªnµ¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É¡o°Š„´œoµŠ ˜nŤn™¹Š„´‹´—ªnµÁžÈœ£µ¬µš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤ ­´¤¡´œ›r„´œšµŠ­µ¥Á¨º°— Á¡¦µ³Á¤ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥„´£µ¬µÄœ˜¦³„¼¨ÅšÂ¨oª ( —¼ 2.3.1) ¤¸‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›rš¸É Ą¨o·—„´œ¤µ„„ªnµ°¥nµŠÅ¤n¤¸ o°­Š­´¥ 2 ) ‡ÎµÃ——­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r ˜n¨³¡¥µŠ‡r®¦º°­nªœÄ—­nªœ®œ¹ÉŠ °Š¡¥µŠ‡rŤn­µ¤µ¦™Â¥„ °°„‹µ„„´œÂ¨³¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ã—¥°·­¦³Å—o Ťnčn¨´„¬–³ °Š„µ¦Á˜·¤®œnª¥‡ÎµÁ˜·¤Á¡ºÉ°Ä®o¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥

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183 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



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2.3.2 ‡Îµš¸É¤¸„µ¦Á˜ ·¤­ nªœ°ºÉœ ¤¸—´Šœ¸Ê 1) ®œ nª¥‡ÎµÁ˜ ·¤®œoµ ¨´„¬–³ °Š‡Îµš¸ÉÁ—nœ´—Äœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š°¥nµŠ®œ¹ÉŠ‡º° ¤¸‡Îµ°¥¼n „¨»n¤®œ¹ÉŠš¸ÉÁžÈœ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r ˜nÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦Á˜·¤®œnª¥‡Îµ°ºÉœÅªo oµŠ®œoµ ­nªœš¸ÉÁ˜·¤Åªo oµŠ®œoµœ¸Ê °°„Á­¸¥ŠÁµ ( ‡¨oµ¥„´¡¥µŠ‡rœÎµÄœ‡Îµ£µ¬µÅš¥Ánœ ­µ¥ ¡¥µŠ‡r ä¥ ) ÁžÈœ­nªœš¸ÉŤn¤¸ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Äœ˜´ªÁ°Š Ťn­µ¤µ¦™Â¥„°°„Åž¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥˜µ¤¨Îµ¡´ŠÅ—o ˜n˜o°Šž¦µ„’¦nª¤„´‡ÎµÂšo

ÁžÈœ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rÁ­¤° Á¤ºÉ°Á˜·¤Â¨oªÅ¤n¤¸Ÿ¨˜n°„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨ŠšµŠ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä— Ç µŠ‡¦´ÊŠÁžÈœ 16 ¨´„¬–³ °Š„µ¦Á˜·¤Á¡ºÉ°nŠ¸Ê¨´„¬–³„µ¦¦ª¤„¨»n¤‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ °Š‡Îµ ¤¸Å—o—´Šœ¸Ê ®œnª¥‡ÎµÁ˜·¤®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ 0 0 0 0 /qa / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤š¸ÉÁ„¸É¥ª„´°ª´¥ª³ qa la11 qa da:k31 qa li ƾ11

Ĝ¦nµŠ„µ¥ ºÉ°­´˜ªr ºÉ°˜oœÅ¤o ­nªœ˜nµŠ Ç °Š¡º “„¨oµ” ( „¨oµÅ¤o) “„¦³—¼„” “„¨·ÊŠ” 0 0 0 ƾ 11 qa nip11ܧřř qa t ܧµ„¦µ¥„µ¦‡Îµ«´¡šrš´ÊŠ®¤—¡ªnµ¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É qa ݣ‹ Á˜·¤‡Îµœ¸Ê ¤µ„š¸É­»— “„¦³¦°„ ” “„¦³˜pµ„ ”( Á­¸¥ŠÅ„n ´œ) “„¦³¡¦·” 0 0 0 0 /ma / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤ ˜n„Ȥ¸Á˜·¤®œoµ ma ta54 ma lܭn11 ma tܧ312 ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ¨³‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr—oª¥ “eye” “¨·Êœ” “ž¦³˜¼” 0 0 0 ma tܭ54 ma na312 ma kat11 “‰nµ” “ž¸œ” “ÄnŠ,ª¤ ” 0 0 0 ma lܧƾ 312 ma ܨi31 ma ði24 “ ­ªnµŠ ” “¡°—¸” “ń¨ ”

 16 0 ¨´„¬–³Ánœœ¸Ê‡¨oµ¥£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª¤µ„ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ªš¸É¤¸„µ¦Á˜·¤­nªœÁ˜·¤®œoµ Ánœ /qa mi213/ “ ¤º°” 0 0 0 0 /qa luai45/ “ ¦°¥ ” /qa nuai33/ “ œo°¥ ” /tԥ33 ƾ݁ ak45/ “ œµ‡ (ÁŠº°„ )” / t ԥ mie33 / “®¤¸” / t ԥ ne33/ “ ®œµ ” ¦µ¥„µ¦‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª‡´—¤µ‹µ„¦µ¥„µ¦‡Îµ«´¡šršoµ¥Á¨n¤®œ´Š­º° “ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª ” (Liang Min, Zhang Junru and Li Yunbing, 2007)

184 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 ®œnª¥‡ÎµÁ˜·¤®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ 0 0 0 0 /ta / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤ ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ¨³¤¸ ta vܭƾ 312 ta pan312 ta na312 ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šroµŠÁ¨È„œo°¥ “ž¸„” “¡´œ(¤oªœ )” “®œµ ”

0 0 0 0 /la / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ la muk11 la van312 la va312  Á„¸É¥ª„´­£µ¡°µ„µ«Â¨³›¦¦¤µ˜· ¨³ºÉ°­´˜ªr “®¤°„” “¨¤ ” “‡ªµ¥ ” ݦ 0 0 0 0 /li / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤Á¦¸¥„ºÉ°­´˜ªr li mu54 li mܭu12 li bܭp11 “®¤¼” “¤ª ” “¡³ ” 0 0 0 0 /h ܭ / ­nªœ¤µ„Á˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤Á¦¸¥„°ª´¥ª³Äœ hܭ mܧn24 hܭ qa ƾ24 hܭ qhu11  ¦nµŠ„µ¥ °ŠÄo ¨³‡Îµœµ¤°„­™µœš¸É “®¤°œ” “—Š ”  “än” 0 0 0 0 ƾ 11ܧ ݦa k 11 ܭƾ 11 ݦa ଔܭܨ ݦa / čo­Îµ®¦´‡Îµ°„Áª¨µ ­´œ›µœ ª·Á«¬–r ݦa/ ¡Å¤n¤µ„ “´Éª‡¦¼n” “‹¦·Š,šo” “¡¨µŠ ”

2) ¡¥µŠ‡rÁ˜ ·¤®¨´ŠÁ­¦ ·¤­¦o°¥ ‡º°¡¥µŠ‡rš¸ÉÁ˜·¤Åªo®¨´Š‡ÎµÂšo Ťn¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ Ĝ˜´ªÁ°Š ÁžÈœ¨´„¬–³ °Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸ÉŽo°œ„´œ®¦º°ŽÎʵ„´œÁ¡ºÉ°šÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁžÈœ­¦o°¥‡ÎµÄ®o„´¡¥µŠ‡r®œoµ Á¤ºÉ°Á˜·¤Â¨oª¤¸Ÿ¨šÎµÄ®o‡ÎµÁ—·¤¤¸£µ¡¡‹œrš¸É´—Á‹œ ¹Êœ ­nªœ¤ µ„¡„µ¦Á˜·¤®¨´Š‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr µŠ‡Îµ ÁžÈœ‡ÎµÁ¨¸¥œÁ­¸¥Š ª·›¸„µ¦Á­¦·¤­¦o°¥¤¸®¨µ¥Â —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê (A= ‡ÎµÂšo B, C = ­nªœž¦³„° š¸ÉčoÁžÈœ‡ÎµÁ­¦·¤­¦o°¥ )

¦¼žÂ ‡ÎµÁ—·¤ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ Á˜·¤‡ÎµÁ­¦·¤­¦o°¥ ‡¨oµ¥„´‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Äœ£µ¬µÅš¥ —řř —Š -ž o ܭn11 ݣܭ n11 —Š lܭ AB l 0 „°¨„-ݦa ling11 „¨·ÊŠ li ƾ11 lang11 „¨·ÊŠ ¤°ABB ݦdam11 —ε ݦdam11 lim11 lim11 —ε-¤³Á¤ºÉ ¤´ª „¤» at31 ‡¦¹Ê¤-ܨ at31ܨ ݦit55 ¦n¤ ‡¦¹Ê¤ ݦit55 0 0 0 ABAC qa ଔa:k11 ¦„ qa ଔa:k11 qa ଔܭ ŚŜ ¦„ -¦»Š¦´Š 0 0 0 qa nܭƾ 11 ¤º— qa nܭƾ 11 qa nap11 ¤º—-­¨´ªÇ

3) „µ¦ŽÎʵ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r ÁžÈœ¨´„¬–³ °Š„µ¦ŽÎʵ×¥„µ¦¡¼—‡ÎµÁ—·¤ŽÎʵ­°Š‡¦´ÊŠ ¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É­°ŠÅ¤n¤¸„µ¦Áž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š ®¦º°Áž¨¸É¥œÁ¡¸¥ŠÁ¨È„œo°¥ Á¤ºÉ°ŽÎʵ‡ÎµÂ¨oª¤¸„µ¦Âž¦šµŠ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ªnµ¤¸ž¦·¤µ–¤µ„ ¹Êœ ¤¸‹Îµœªœ¤µ„ ¹Êœ ¤¸‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ¤µ„ ¹Êœ ‡Îµš¸É­µ¤µ¦™ŽÎʵŠ—o¤¸ ‡Îµœµ¤ ‡Îµ ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ( ‡Îµœµ¤š¸ÉŽÎʵŗo¤´„ÁžÈœ‡Îµœµ¤š¸ÉčoÁžÈœ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ˜n‡Îµœµ¤ÂšoŤn­µ¤µ¦™ŽÎʵŗo) ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ( ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šrµŠ‡ÎµÁ¤ºÉ°ŽÎʵ¨oª¤¸®œoµš¸ÉšµŠÅª¥µ„¦–rÁž¨¸É¥œÅžÁžÈœ‡Îµª·Á«¬–r) ¨³ ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ‡Îµš»„œ·—Á¤ºÉ°ŽÎʵ¨oª‹³¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ªnµšÎµÂÅ¤n˜´ÊŠÄ‹ ŤnÁŒ¡µ³Á‹µ³‹Š ¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ÁµµŠ ˜nµŠœ·—Á¤ºÉ°ŽÎʵ¨oª„ȇªµ¤®¤µ¥Á o¤ oœ ¹Êœ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡ÎµÁnœ

185 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 œ·— °Š‡Îµ ‡ÎµÁ—·¤ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡ÎµÄ®¤n ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ „µ¦ŽÎʵ‡Îµœµ¤ tsa ݁12* Áª¨µ tsa ݁12 tsa ݁12 Á­¤°Ç 17 ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ pi: ƾ312 ž¸ pi: ƾ312 pi: ƾ312 ž¸ Ç (š»„ž¸ / ˜n¨³ž¸) van54 ª´œ van54 van54 ª´œÇ ( š»„ª´œ/˜n¨³ª´œ) „µ¦ŽÎʵ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ܨܭƾ ŝŜ oµ ܨܭƾ ŝŜ ܨܭƾ ŝŜ oµÇ / ‡n°¥Ç µªÇ k11 ܧk11 ݦ ܧµª ݦ k11 ܧݦ „µ¦ŽÎʵ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ð݁k11 n°¥Ç ð݁k11 ð݁k11 ¤´„‹³ ¨oªÄoÁžÈœ‡Îµ ª·Á«¬–r śř li24 „¦³¡¦·Ç ܧśř li24 ݦ ܧśř li24 „¦³¡¦· ݦ ܧµ¦ŽÎʵ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ݦ„ (¦³¥·¦³¥´) *‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œ ᰦ shí Ž¹ÉŠÄœ£µ¬µ‹¸œ„ÈŽÎʵ‡Îµœ¸ÊÁ¡ºÉ°°„°„‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ªnµ “ Á­¤°Ç ” Á®¤º°œ„´œ

18 2.3.3 ‡Îµž¦³­¤ ‡º°„µ¦œÎµ‡ÎµÃ——š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Äœ˜´ªÁ°Š¤µž¦³­¤„´œ ¨oªÁ„·—ÁžÈœ ‡Îµš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä„¨oÁ‡¸¥Š„´¦µ„‡ÎµÁ—·¤ ®¦º°Á„·—‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä®¤n „µ¦ž¦³­¤‡Îµ°µ‹Á„·—‹µ„„µ¦

 17 £µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ªŽ¹ÉŠÁžÈœ£µ¬µš¸ÉĄ¨o·—„´œ„Ȥ¸ª·›¸ŽÎʵ‡Îµœµ¤š¸ÉÁžÈœ¨´„¬–œµ¤Á®¤º°œ„´œ ˜nÁ¤ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´£µ¬µ Á„°¨µª‹³¡ªnµ ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤Äœ£µ¬µÁ„°¨µªÅ¤n­µ¤µ¦™Äoª·›¸„µ¦ŽÎʵ‡ÎµÅ— o Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ o°š¸É£µ¬µÁ„°¨µªÂ˜„˜nµŠÅž

‹µ„£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Ç ÄœÂ œŠ‹oªŠ -Ř ¨³˜oŠ-­»n¥ ¦ª¤š´ÊŠ£µ¬µš¸ÉÁžÈœ­¤µ·„Äœ­µ µÁ„° -¥´Š—oª¥ š¸É‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤­µ¤µ¦™ ŽÎʵ‡ÎµÅ—o ( °nµœ¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—„µ¦¡¦¦–œµ£µ¬µÁ„°¨µªÅ—oĜ Á¤ ­°—­n°Š„§¬ , 2559, œ. 53-82) 18 ª·›¸„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r‡Îµž¦³­¤œ¸ÊÁžÈœ¨´„¬–³„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦¼ž‡ÎµÂ¨³ª·›¸„µ¦­¦oµŠ‡Îµž¦³­¤Äœ£µ¬µ‹¸œ ץčoÁ„–”r

„µ¦Á¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´‡ÎµÂ¨³®œoµš¸É °Š‡ÎµÄœÂ˜n¨³˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ Á¤ºÉ°œ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œ«¹„¬µ£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Ç „È‹³Äo®¨´„„µ¦Á—¸¥ª„´œœ¸Ê Ĝ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r —´Š‹³Á®Èœªnµª·›¸„µ¦­¦oµŠ‡Îµ 6 œ¸Ê š¸É 1 £µ¬µÅš¥Á¦¸¥„ªnµ‡ÎµŽo°œ ˜nš¸É 2-5 ÁžÈœ‡Îµ ž¦³­¤ Ĝ –³š¸É£µ¬µ‹¸œ™º°ªnµ‡Îµš´ÊŠ 5 ÁžÈœ‡Îµž¦³­¤ ×¥š¸É„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r¦¼žÂ„µ¦ž¦³­¤‡ÎµÄœ£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‹³ÄoÁ„–”r„µ¦Á¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´‡ÎµÂ¨³®œoµš¸É °Š‡ÎµÄœÂ˜n¨³˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ nŠÁžÈœ 1. ¦ª¤‡Îµ (俼ྜᘧ Liánhé shì) ‡º° „µ¦œÎµ‡ÎµÃ——­°Š‡Îµš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Á®¤º°œ„´œ Ą¨oÁ‡¸¥Š„´œ ‡¨oµ¥„´œ Á„¸É¥ª o°Š„´œ®¦º°˜¦Š oµ¤„´œ¤µž¦³„„´œ ˜n¨³‡Îµ¤¸‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ°·­¦³˜n°„´œ Ťnŗo¤¸‡ÎµÄ—šÎµ®œoµš¸É°¥nµŠÄ—˜n°‡Îµ oµŠÁ‡¸¥Š ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ °Š‡Îµ¥´ŠÁ„¸É¥ª o°Š„´‡ÎµÁ—·¤ 2.  ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤ (ಟ椘ᘧXi njshì shì) ‡º°„µ¦ªµŠ‡Îµš¸ÉšÎµ®œoµš¸É ¥µ¥˜µ¤®¨´Š‡Îµš¸É­—Š‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´„ 3. „¦ ·¥µ„¦¦¤ (≐රᘧ Dòng b Ưng shì) ‡º° ‡Îµž¦³­¤š¸É‡Îµ®œoµÁžÈœ‡Îµ„¦·¥µÂ¨³‡Îµš¸É˜µ¤¤µÁžÈœ„¦¦¤š¸É¦´„µ¦ „¦³šÎµ °Š„¦·¥µš¸ÉœÎµ¤µ oµŠ®œoµœ´Êœ 4. ž¦³›µœ£µ‡Â­—Š (୺宻ᘧZh ԃ wèi shì) ‡º° ‡Îµž¦³­¤š¸É‡Îµ®œoµ šÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁžÈœž¦³›µœ ‡Îµš¸É˜µ¤¤µÁžÈœ£µ‡Â­—Š °Šž¦³›µœ oµŠ®œoµœ´Êœ 5. Á­¦ ·¤‡ªµ¤ (堍඘ᘧ Bԃch ǀng shì) ‡º° ‡Îµž¦³­¤š¸É‡Îµ®œoµÁžÈœ‡Îµš¸É­—Š‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´„­nªœ‡Îµš¸É˜µ¤¤µšÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁ­¦·¤‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Ä®o´—Á‹œ¥·ÉŠ ¹ÊœÂ˜n Ťnčn„µ¦ ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤ 6. ºÉ°®¨´„ + ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³ ‡º° ‡Îµ®œoµÁžÈœ‡Îµš¸É°„‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥®¨´„­nªœ‡Îµš¸É˜µ¤¤µÁžÈœ ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³ ‡Îµž¦³­¤ž¦³Á£šœ¸Êčo­Îµ®¦´„µ¦­¦oµŠ‡Îµœµ¤š¸ÉčoÁ¦¸¥„ºÉ°‡œ ­´˜ªr ­·ÉŠ °Š®¦º°­™µœš¸É ‡Îµž¦³­¤µŠ‡Îµ ‡Îµš¸ÉÁžÈœºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³š¸É˜µ¤¤µ oµŠ®¨´ŠÅ¤n­µ¤µ¦™Â¥„čo°¥nµŠ¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥˜µ¤¨Îµ¡´ŠÅ—o ‡Îµž¦³­¤¦¼žÂœ¸Ê®œ´Š­º° µŠÁ¨n¤‹´—ŪoÁžÈœ¦¼žÂ¥n°¥ °Šž¦³Á£šš¸É 5 ˜nµŠÁ¨n¤„ÈÂ¥„°°„¤µÁžÈœ°¸„ª·›¸®œ¹ÉŠ˜nµŠ®µ„

186 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 œÎµ‡Îµ­°Š‡Îµ¤µž¦³­¤„´œ ®¦º°œÎµ‡Îµ®¨µ¥‡Îµ¤µž¦³­¤„´œ„Èŗo ¤¸ 5 ª·›¸Å—o„n 1. ¦ª¤‡Îµ 2.  ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤ 3. ž¦³›µœ„¦·¥µ 4. „¦·¥µ„¦¦¤ 5. Á­¦·¤‡ªµ¤ ¨³ 6. ºÉ°®¨´„ + ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³ —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê

¦¼žÂ ˜´ª°¥ µŠ‡Îµn 0 0  muk54 ma l ܧƾ 11 pa11 mi ԥ11 lu11 na312 qa0l ܧƾ 11 ma ta54 ¦ª¤‡Îµ ¨¤ ®µ¥Ä‹ Ÿ´ªÁ¤¸¥ š¸É œµ ™´Éª ˜µ “‹·˜Ä‹ ” “Ÿ´ªÁ¤¸¥” “š¸Éœµ ” “ ¨¼„˜µ ” 0 0  mut11 d ܸa: ƾ45 ta:i3 qhan11 na312 la va312 mi ԥ11 ma ଔܧ n312 qai54 ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤ œ ¦´„¦o ‡´œ œµ ‡ªµ¥ ¤n ®Š°œ ńn “ œ¦´„¦o” “‡´œœµ ” “‡ªµ¥˜´ªÁ¤¸¥” “®Š°œÅ„n” ݦ 0 0 ݦ k11 pja312 qa0 da ƾ31ܧ n24 ma ta54 kܭ ƾ 11 tsܧƾ 21 bu ԥ11 ma lܧ ݦ ž¦³›µœ œÎʵ ¡» ‡° ‡ ˜µ ŠnªŠ ¢oµ —´Š „¦ ·¥µ “ œÎʵ¡»” “ċ‡ ” “ŠnªŠ ” “ ¢oµŸnµ”  ða:u24 va:i312 tut54 lu11 tam11 l ԥn312 na:k11 ݦbit55 „¦ ·¥µ„¦¦¤ ¨oµŠ „µ¥ ÁŸµ š¸É ˜µ¤ ®¨´Š ˜¸ ÁÈ— “°µœÎʵ” “»„Á·„¡ºÊœš¸ÉšÎµ„·œ” “˜µ¤ ” “˜„ÁÈ—” k11 ma54 qai54 han21 nian11 ݦdai24 vak11 nian11ܧ  Á­¦ ·¤‡ªµ¤ °°„ ¤µ —¼(¤°Š ) Á®Èœ ‹Îµ ŗo Ş Á®Èœ “°°„¤µ ” “Á®Èœ” “‹ÎµÅ—o” “¦³¨¹„,œ¹„ ¹ÊœÅ—o”

ݦ 0 0 n312 ܭaƾ11 qit54 da:n31 și11 ma nuk11 ݦܨ  ma ݦiƾ31 ݣa: ƾ24 ºÉ°®¨´„ ‡œ Œ . nµŠ Á®¨È„ Á—º°œ ­¸É œ„ Œ . +ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³ “‡œž¼o¥´Š” “nµŠÁ®¨È„” “Á—º°œÁ¤¬µ¥œ ” “œ„œµŠÂ°nœ” (Œ .)

2.3.4 ‡Îµ¥º¤‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‹µ„„µ¦˜¦ª‹­° o°¤¼¨‡Îµ«´¡šr¡ªnµ£µ¬µŸ¼nÁž¸¥ª¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šr š¸É­´¤¡´œ›r„´£µ¬µ‹¸œ­°Š¨´„¬–³ ‡º° ‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É­´¤¡´œ›r„´š´ÊŠ£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨ÅšÂ¨³£µ¬µ‹¸œ ( ‡Îµ«´¡šr „¨»n¤œ¸Ê‹´—ªnµÁžÈœ‡Îµ«´¡šr¦nª¤ÁºÊ°­µ¥Åš‹¸œ®¦º°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ„nµ) ¨³‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É¥º¤¤µ‹µ„ £µ¬µ‹¸œ ( ‹´—ÁžÈœ‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œÄ®¤n) —´Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—˜n°Åžœ¸Ê 1) ‡Îµ«´¡šr¦nª¤ÁºÊ°­µ¥„´‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ„ nµ Ĝª—ªŠœ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œ˜´—­·œªnµ ‡Îµ«´¡šrĜ£µ¬µ °Šœ„¨»n¤œo°¥š¸É¡o°Š„´£µ¬µ‹¸œœ´ÊœÁžÈœ‡Îµš¸É¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ Ž¹ÉŠ­µ¤µ¦™ nŠÅ—oÁžÈœ­°Š„¨»n¤ ‡º° „¨»n¤®œ¹ÉŠÁžÈœ‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É¥º¤¤µ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n°—¸˜Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “ ‡Îµ¥º¤Á„nµ” ÁžÈœ‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É

187 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 19 ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ¥»‡„¨µŠž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r ¨³°¸„„¨»n¤®œ¹ÉŠÁžÈœ‡Îµš¸É¥º¤¤µ£µ¥®¨´Š„µ¦ž’·ª´˜· ª´•œ›¦¦¤‹¸œ ‡.«. 1949 Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “ ‡Îµ¥º¤Ä®¤n” ˜n –³Á—¸¥ª„´œ Ĝª—ªŠœ´„ª·µ„µ¦š¸É«¹„¬µ£µ¬µ Ś -‹¸œ „Ȥ¸Ÿ¨Šµœ„µ¦«¹„¬µ­nªœ®œ¹ÉŠš¸É¡¥µ¥µ¤¡¼—™¹Š‡Îµ«´¡šr¦nª¤ÁºÊ°­µ¥Åš -‹¸œ Ž¹ÉŠ„Ȥ¸‡ªµ¤Á®Èœªnµ

¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šrĜ£µ¬µÅš®¨µ¥ Ç £µ¬µ„´‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µ‹¸œÁžÈœ‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸ÉÁ‡¥Äo¦nª¤„´œÄœ°—¸˜Å¤nčn‡Îµ¥º¤

‡Îµ«´¡šr„¨»n¤œ¸Ê­nªœ¤µ„ÁžÈœ‡ÎµÃ——®œ¹ÉŠ¡¥µŠ‡r Ž¹ÉŠ­µ¤µ¦™®µ‡Îµš¸É¡o°Š„´œÅ—oĜ£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Ç š¸É Á„¸É¥ª o°Š„´˜¦³„¼¨Åš —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê ( ¦µ¥„µ¦‡Îµ«´¡šrœ¸Ê‡´—¤µ‹µ„®œ´Š­º°ž¦·š¦¦«œr£µ¬µ

¨³®œ´Š­º°„µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µ˜nµŠ Ç —´Šš¸Éŗo¸Ê‹Š¦µ¥ºÉ°°oµŠ°·ŠÅªoĜ®´ª o° 2.3.1 )

‹oªŠ -Ř Ś¥ ‡Îµ(š°Š) ÁŠ·œ Å¢ œ„ oµŠ ńn Å®¨ n2 fai2 nok8 tsa: ƾ4 kai5 lai1 ۑŘ xam2 ƾ a: ƾ4 kai5 lai1ܨ n2 fei2 ܵok8 ۑoªŠ kim1 ƾ‹ ž¼o°¸ tܨim1 ƾan2 vi2 zok8 tsa: ƾ4 kai5 lai1 1 ˜oŠ-­»n¥ Á®¤µ®œµœ cim1 ଔan2 pui1 nܧk8 tsa: ƾ4 a:i5 loi a: ƾ5+ qa:i5 ui1+ܨ m1 ଔan3 vi1 mok8 ۑoŠ କ˜ 5 ­»n¥ କum1 ଔan2 vi1 nok8 tsa: ƾ4 ka:i5 lui 1 k8 tja: ƾ4 ci1 thoiܧm1 ଔan2 fi1 nۑc ¤´¨¼¤ ®¨¸ ®¨¸ kim3 kan1 fei1 ta କ7 Ťn¤¸‡ÎµÁ¦¸¥„ khai1 ma:u1 Á„° -¥´Š Á„°¨µª xen 33 ଔin33 pa:i34 ntau21 ܨaƾ34 qai34 la:i35 m24 phio213 pԥi53 nuk45 Ťn¤¸‡ÎµÁ¦¸¥„ qai33 ܾai53ۑ nÁž¸¥ª g¼Ÿ ž¼o¥´Š tsi24 ƾan312 fi24 nuk11 ܨaƾ11 qai54 lui44 ‹¸œž´‹‹»´œ 㔠 jƯn 撞 yín ⅆ hu ԁ 淇 ni ӽo ㇟ xiàng 呑 jƯ ⍱ liú 20 ‹¸œÃ¦µ– kƱƟ m ƾӿƟ n xu ܤ tieu zƱaƾ kiei lƱԥ u 2) ‡Îµ¥º¤Ä®¤ n £µ¥®¨´Š„µ¦ž’·ª´˜·ª´•œ›¦¦¤ ¦´“µ¨‹¸œž„‡¦°ŠÂ¨³—¼Â¨‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ°¥¼n °Šž¦³µœÄœž¦³Áš«°¥nµŠš´Éª™¹Š šÎµÄ®o‡Îµ«´¡šrÁ„¸É¥ª„´„µ¦Á¤º°Š „µ¦ž„‡¦°Š „µ¦«¹„¬µ

ª·š¥µ„µ¦˜nµŠ Ç ®¨´ÉŠÅ®¨Á oµ­¼n£µ¬µ °Šœ„¨»n¤œo°¥ÁžÈœ‹Îµœªœ¤µ„¨³˜n°ÁœºÉ°Š ®¦º°Â¤o˜n‡Îµ šµŠÅª¥µ„¦–r„È¡ªnµ¤¸„µ¦¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ—oª¥Ánœ„´œ ¡·‹µ¦–µ‹µ„„µ¦ÂnŠÁ ˜­ÎµÁœ¸¥Š £µ¬µ‹¸œ ( ±´Éœ) ‹³Á®Èœªnµµªž¼o¥´ŠÅ—o¦´°·š›·¡¨£µ¬µ‹¸œž ‹‹»´œ‹µ„­ÎµÁœ¸¥ŠŽ¸®œµœ´ ( す༡ᐁ 宅  19 „µ¦ÂnŠž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦rÁ­¸¥Š£µ¬µ‹¸œÃ¦µ–¤¸­°Š¥»‡‡º° £µ¬µ‹¸œ¥»‡„n°œž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r ( ®¤µ¥™¹Š„n°œŒ·œœ´ Áª¨µ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n 21-221 ž¸„n°œ‡¦·­˜„µ¨ ) £µ¬µ‹¸œ¥»‡„¨µŠž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r ( ®¤µ¥™¹ŠnªŠÁª¨µ ‡.«. 420-927) 20 œ஻ Gu ӽng yùn ) ÁžÈœ´œš¹„Á­¸¥Š°nµٺ ) ”o°¤¼¨„µ¦´œš¹„ÄœÁ°„­µ¦š¸ÉºÉ° “ „ªnµŠ¥ª·Éœ Á­¸¥Š£µ¬µ‹¸œÃ¦µ–œ¸Ê‡º° £µ¬µ‹¸œš¸ÉÁ ¸¥œ ¹ÊœÄœ­¤´¥ŽnŠ ( ‡.«. 1008) œ´ÁžÈœ o°¤¼¨„µ¦´œš¹„Á­¸¥Š£µ¬µ‹¸œÃ¦µ–š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤­¤¼¦–r¤µ„ ٶÉ­»—š¸Éœ´„£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÄoÁžÈœ®¨´„“µœ°oµŠ°·ŠÁ­¸¥Š£µ¬µ‹¸œÃ¦µ– Ÿ¼o˜nŠ‡º° ÁŒ·œÁŸ·ŠÁ®œ¸¥œ ¨³ ·ª¥Š ( ஐ㑻¸š Chén Péng nián, 澝Ў曛 Qi nj Y ǀng ) ­º‡oœ‹µ„ “ ¡‹œµœ»„¦¤Á­¸¥Š£µ¬µ™·Éœ‹¸œ”

188 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



XƯnán gu Ɨnhuà ) ×¥¥º¤Ÿnµœ¤µ‹µ„µª±´ÉœÃ—¥˜¦Š®¦º°¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œ„¨µŠ‹µ„­ºÉ°­µ¦¤ª¨œ˜nµŠ Ç œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šrµŠ­nªœ¥º¤Ÿnµœ¤µ‹µ„œ„¨»n¤œo°¥°ºÉœ°¸„˜n°®œ¹ÉŠ—oª¥ ×¥µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É„»o¥Ã‹ª ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„µªž¼o°¸ ­nªœµªž¼o¥´Šš¸É¥¼œœµœÂ¨³„ªnµŠŽ¸¥º¤¤µ‹µ„µª‹oªŠ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ¥º¤£µ¬µ‹¸œÄ®¤n ­—ŠÄœ˜µ¦µŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê

£µ¬µ‹¸œ„¨µŠ ‡Îµ° nµœ¡ ·œ° ·œ ‡Îµ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ྍ⬟ kČnéng kh ܧ54 n ԥn31 °µ‹‹³ ẚ bӿ pi33 „ªnµ (‡ÎµÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ ) ⇍ᜳ shúx Ư ܨok11 ܨܭ 54 ‡»oœÁ‡¥ ᘙ఍ kƗihuì ha:i54 hui11 ž¦³»¤ ㇋⭉ dòufu tu ԥ11 fu31 Á˜oµ®¼o

2.3.5 ˜´ª°¥ nµŠ‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š Ĝ˜°œšoµ¥ °Š®´ª o°š¸ÉÁ„¸É¥ª„´‡Îµ«´¡šrœ¸Ê ‹³Ä®o˜´ª°¥nµŠ ‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÂnŠÂ¥„˜µ¤œ·— °Š‡Îµ —´Šœ¸Ê

‡Îµœµ¤ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡Îµ„¦ ·¥µ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 0 ¤°® m24ܧma nuk11 lai11 œ„¨µ¥ ta ݦbin31 ·œ h (œ„„¦³‹·) qha:n54 ®nµœ tok54 ˜„ phat54 µ— œlu ԥ11 Á¦º° ଔip11 Á¥È ݦu:n řř °»n kܧp54 „ hoi24 ®o°¥ ts ܭ54 „n 0 qa ଔa11 ®oµ qom54 °¤ kap11 ‡ ‡Îµ»¡š ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡Îµ nª¥„¦ ·¥µ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡ÎµÁºÉ°¤ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ qon54 „n°œ (˜n„n°œ ) ݣak54 °¥µ„ (‹³ ) qha33 „´, ¨³ tuk54 l ԥn312 š¸®¨´Š na ƾ24 ¥´Š nܧ24 ®¦º°ªnµ 0 ma t ܧ54 ™¹Š k ܧ33 „È.. Á®¤º°œ„´œ ði33 pin312 ˜nÁžÈœ.... 0 ma tam11 ( ¤µ ) ˜µ¤ .. ƾa:m54 „ε¨´Š ta: ƾ54 va:i312 ˜nµŠ µ¥˜nµŠn ... tin11 ÁžÈœ ‡Îµ°„˜´ªÁ¨ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ‡Îµ¨Ššoµ¥ (= ‡¨oµ¥„´) ݦ 0 am24 ®œ¹ÉŠ ba: ƾ24 Ÿnœ ( čo„´„¦³—µ¬ ) la ¨oª/¨n³ 0 nam54 ®„ ଔwa:m11 „ε (1 „ε¤º°) hܧ Á™°³ 0 ¥°ta:i312 it54 š¸ÉÁ°È—(®œ¹ÉŠ) ta:p11 ˜´,¡´ ( čo„´Ÿoµ) ݦa tsit54 ®œn 0 ܨin24 ( ॳ qi Ɨn) ¡´œ tu ԥ24 —°„ ( čo„´—°„Ťo) hܭ œ³ (™µ¤ ) fa:n31( з wàn ) ®¤ºÉœ pai11 ‡¦´ÊŠ ( čo„´„µ¦„¦³šÎµ)

189 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 2.4 ¦³Åª¥µ„¦–r £µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÁžÈœ£µ¬µ‡ÎµÃ—— ‡ÎµÂ˜n¨³‡Îµ¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Äœ˜´ªÁ°ŠÂ¨³ čoŗo×¥°·­¦³ Ťn¤¸„µ¦Á˜·¤®œnª¥‡ÎµÁ˜·¤¨ŠÄœ‡ÎµÁ¡ºÉ°šÎµÄ®o‡ÎµÁž¨¸É¥œÂž¨Š®œoµš¸É®¦º°¨´„¬–³šµŠ

Ū¥µ„¦–r ¦¼žÂ„µ¦ž¦³„°‡ÎµÂ¨³ž¦³Ã¥‡ÁžÈœ„µ¦œÎµ‡Îµ¤µÁ¦¸¥Š˜n° Ç „´œ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´Â¨³

ǦŠ­¦oµŠšµŠÅª¥µ„¦–rš¸É„ε®œ— ×¥¤¸¦¼žÂÅª¥µ„¦–rš¸É­Îµ‡´ Ç —´Šœ¸Ê 2.4.1 ǦŠ­¦oµŠž¦³Ã¥‡‡ªµ¤Á—¸¥ª¡ºÊœ“µœ ‡º° [ S.V.O ] ˜´ª°¥nµŠž¦³Ã¥‡Ánœ ݦ 0 ku54 ka:n54 mu54 Œ´œ„·œ®¤¼ kܭ54 da: ƾ24 ma t ܧ312 Á µž·—ž¦³˜¼ „¼ „·œ ®¤¼ „ ž·— ž¦³˜¼ ݦ 0 mi ԥ11 ðܭtřř pui54 ¤n‹»—Å¢ pa11 bܧt31 qa ଔa:11 ¡n°™°œ®oµ ¤n ˜·— Å¢ ¡n° ™°œ ®oµ 2.4.2 ¤¸„µ¦Äo‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ¨´„¬–³Á—nœž¦³„µ¦®œ¹ÉŠ °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š‡º°¤¸„µ¦Äo‡Îµ ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ‹µ„´¸‡Îµ«´¡šršoµ¥Á¨n¤Äœ®œ´Š­º° “ „µ¦«¹„¬µª·‹´¥£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š” °Š®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Li Jinfang, 2000, pp. 252-255) ¡ªnµ¤¸‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤š¸Éčo‡ª‡¼n„´‡Îµœµ¤¤µ„™¹Š 86 ‡Îµ Ž¹ÉŠ‡Îµ ¨´„¬–œµ¤š¸É¡ÂnŠÁžÈœ­°ŠÂ —´Šœ¸Ê 1) ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ °Š‡Îµœµ¤ ¤¸­°ŠÂ‡º° ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤Âšo ¨³‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ š¸É¥º¤‡Îµœµ¤®¦º°‡Îµœ·—°ºÉœ¤µÄoÁžÈœ¨´„¬–œµ¤ Ánœ ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ¤¸¦¼žÂÁ®¤º°œ„´œ‡º° [‹Îµœªœ+¨´„¬–œµ¤ +œµ¤ ] ˜´ª°¥nµŠÁnœ ¨´„¬–œµ¤Âšo ¥º¤‡Îµ°ºÉœ¤µÄo ݦ ܨa54 qu11 qha:i11 ¦°ŠÁšoµ­°Š‡¼n ‡»–«´¡šr tu54 ba ƾ24 ܨa11 „¦³—µ¬­µ¤ÂŸnœ ­°Š ‡¼n ¦°ŠÁšoµ ­µ¤ µŠ „¦³—µ¬ 0 put54 mi ԥ11 qa tui54 ˜oœÅ¤o­·˜oœ „¦·¥µ am24 ଔwa:m11 la312 oµª­µ¦®œ¹ÉŠ„ε ­· ˜oœ ˜oœÅ¤o ®œ¹ÉŠ „ε oµª­µ¦

2) ‡Îµ¨´„¬–œµ¤ °Š‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ¤¸­°ŠÂ ‡º° ¨´„¬–œµ¤Âšo °Š‡Îµ„¦·¥µ ¨³¨´„¬–œµ¤ °Š„¦·¥µš¸É¥º¤‡Îµ°ºÉœ¤µÄoÁžÈœ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ¤¸¦¼žÂÁ®¤º°œ„´œ ‡º° [ ‡Îµ„¦·¥µ +‹Îµœªœ + ¨´„¬–œµ¤ ] ˜´ª°¥nµŠÁnœ ¨´„¬–œµ¤Âšo ¥º¤‡Îµ°ºÉœ¤µÄo tup11 ma312 tsit54 š»®oµš¸ ‡Îµœµ¤ ka:n54 ܨa54 pj ܧk11 „·œ­°Š‡Îµ š» ®oµ š¸ „·œ ­°Š žµ„ ka:n54 ܨa54 ܨܭ t54 „·œ­°Š¤ºÊ° „¦·¥µ ka:n54 tu54 pai11 „·œ­µ¤‡¦´ÊŠ „·œ ­°Š ¤ºÊ° „·œ ­µ¤ Ş

190 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 2.4.3 ¦¼žÂ„µ¦Äo‡Îµ nŠ¸Ê ‡Îµ­¦¦¡œµ¤ž¦³Á£šnŠ¸ÊĜ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š¤¸­°Š¦³—´‡º° ‡ÎµnŠ¸Ê¦³¥³Ä„¨o /ni11/ “ œ¸Ê” ¨³‡ÎµnŠ¸Ê¦³¥³Å„¨ Ĝ­nªœ °Š¦³¥³Å„¨¥´ŠÅ—o°¸„­¸É¦³—´ ‡º° ń¨ / ń¨°°„Åž ń¨°°„Åž°¸„ ¨³Å„¨š¸É­»— ‡º°‡Îµªnµ / ଔa11/ “ œ´Éœ” / ݦb݁:i ŚŜ / “Ünœ” /phi11 ݦb݁:i ŚŜ 0 “Üoœ” ¨³ /ma ði24/ “ œ¼oœ” ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´ ×¥‹³ªµŠ‡ÎµnŠ¸ÊŪo˜ÎµÂ®œnŠšoµ¥­»— °Š‡Îµ®¦º°ª¨¸ ‡º° ªµŠÅªo˜n°‹µ„­nªœš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦nŠ¸Ê ®µ„čonŠ¸Ê‡Îµ„ȪµŠÅªo®¨´Š‡Îµ čonŠ¸Êª¨¸„ȪµŠÅªo®¨´Šª¨¸ ǦŠ­¦oµŠ ‡º° [­nªœš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦nŠ¸Ê + ‡ÎµnŠ¸Ê ] —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê ݦ 0 nam54 li11 ma la312 ni11 ž¨µ®„˜´ªœ¸Ê tu54 pi: ƾśřŚ phi11 b݁:i ŚŜ ­µ¤ž¸(„n°œ )Üoœ ®„ ˜´ª ž¨µ œ¸Ê ­µ¤ ž¸ Üoœ 0 0 tu312 to ƾ11 ܧƾ 24 ଔa11 œÎʵÁ‹È—™´Šœ´Êœ pa54 li11 ma nuk11 ma ði24 œ„­¸É˜´ªœ¼oœ Á‹È— ™´Š œÎʵ œ´Êœ ­¸É ˜´ª œ„ œ¼oœ 2.4.4 „µ¦ ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤ „µ¦ ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤Äœš¸Éœ¸Ê‡º°„µ¦ªµŠ˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ °Š‡Îµ®¨´„š¸É™¼„ ¥µ¥ ¨³˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ °Š‡Îµš¸ÉšÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁžÈœ­nªœ ¥µ¥ ¤¸¦¼žÂ —´Šœ¸Ê 1) „µ¦ ¥µ¥‡Îµœµ¤ ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šrš¸ÉšÎµ®œoµš¸É ¥µ¥‡Îµœµ¤¤¸š·«šµŠ„µ¦ ¥µ¥Åž oµŠ®¨´ŠŽ¹ÉŠ­°—‡¨o°Š„´­¤µ·„£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨Åš ¦¼žÂ‡º° [ ‡Îµ®¨´„ + ‡Îµ ¥µ¥ ] ˜´ª°¥nµŠž¦³Ã¥‡ Ánœ ˜´ª°¥ µŠn ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ˜´ª°¥ µŠn ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 ma ƾa11 ܧk11 ¤oµ µª mu54 mi ԥ11 ®¤¼˜´ªÁ¤¸¥ ¤oµ µª ®¤¼ ¤n ݣiԥ11 ma:n312 Á­ºÊ°Ä®¤n va312 puo11 ‡ªµ¥˜´ªŸ¼o Á­ºÊ° Ä®¤n ‡ªµ¥ Ÿ¼o 2) „µ¦ ¥µ¥‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr¨³‡Îµ„¦·¥µ Ĝ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ‡Îµª·Á«¬–rš¸Éčo ¥µ¥‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr ¨³‡Îµ„¦·¥µÁ¡ºÉ°°„¦³—´ ‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ ‡»–£µ¡ ž¦·¤µ– ǦŠ­¦oµŠÅª¥µ„¦–rÁžÈœÂÁ—¸¥ª„´œ „´£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‡º°ªµŠ‡Îµª·Á«¬–rŪo®œoµ‡Îµ‡»–«´¡šr®¦º°‡Îµ„¦·¥µš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦ ¥µ¥ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡ÎµÁnœ

¥µ¥‡»–«´¡šr ¥µ¥„¦·¥µ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ 0 Šƾ 24 ଔam11 —¸¤µ„ ta ƾśř ݦi11 a pai11 ¡¼—°¸„®œ¹ÉŠ‡¦´Êܭݦ ¤µ„ —¸ °¸„ ¡¼— ®œ¹ÉŠ Ş 0 ta:i31 qa na ƾ24 ®œ´„Á„·œÅž ma33 ܨaƾ11 ma54 Á—¸Ì¥ª¤µ Á„·œ ®œ´„ Á—¸Ì¥ª ¤µ

191 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 ‹µ„˜´ª°¥nµŠ‹³Á®Èœªnµ¤¸µŠ‡Îµ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ Ánœ /ta:i31/ ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„‡Îµªnµ ཚ tài “Á„·œÅž ” /ma33 ܨaƾ11/ ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„‡Îµªnµ 傜к mӽshang “ Á—¸Ì¥ª ” 2.4.5 „µ¦Â­—Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š ‡ÎµÂ­—Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °ŠÄœ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š¤¸­°Š‡Îµ‡º° ‡Îµªnµ /han24/ “ °Š ” ¦¼žž¦³Ã¥‡ ‡º° [+ ­nªœš¸É™¼„ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š ± /han24/ + Á‹oµ °Š ] ¨³ /na ƾ11/ “ °Š ” ‡Îµ®¨´ŠÄoĜ¦¼žž¦³Ã¥‡ªnµ [A + / ÁžÈœ °Š / B] ǦŠ­¦oµŠš´ÊŠ­°ŠÂœ¸Ê­°—‡¨o°Š„´£µ¬µ ˜¦³„¼¨Åš —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê ¦¼žÂ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ / han24 / ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ /na ƾ11 / ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ ¤¸‡ÎµÂ­—Š un24 han24 ku54 œo°Š °Š„¼ ni11 ts ܭ24 na ƾ11 ku54 œ¸ÉÁžÈœ °ŠŒ´œ ‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ œo°Š (¨³°n°œ ) °Š „¼ œ¸É ÁžÈœ °Š „¼ 0 Á‹oµ °Š ni11 han24 ma nܧ11 œ¸ÉÁžÈœ °ŠÄ‡¦ ଔa11 na ƾ11 la:k11 œ´ÉœÁžÈœ °Š¨¼„ œ¸É °Š ć¦ œ´Éœ °Š ¨¼„ 0 Š° °ŠÂ¨³Á‹oµ ³‡ÎµÂ­—Š ݣiԥ11 ku54 ta na312 Á­ºÊ°Œ´œ®œµ Á¤ºÉ°¤¸­nªœš¸É™¼„ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ¨ ‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ Á­ºÊ° „¼ ®œµ ž¦µ„’¡¦o°¤„´œ ‡ÎµÂ­—Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœ 0 „¼°Š­µ¤µ¦™¨³Å—o ®µ„Ťn¤¸­nªœš¸É™ °Š lu11 na312 ma ݦiƾ31 ݣaƾ24 š¸Éœµ Á‹oµ Á‹oµ š¸Éœµ ‡œ ž¼o¥´Š ‡œž¼o¥´Š ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š ‡ÎµÂ­—Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š Ťn­µ¤µ¦™¨³Å—o œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¡ªnµ ¤¸„µ¦¥º¤‡ÎµÂ­—Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š£µ¬µ‹¸œ¤µÄo ×¥¥º¤š´ÊŠ‡ÎµÂ¨³ ǦŠ­¦oµŠÂ£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‡º° /ti33/ ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„‡Îµªnµ Ⲵ de , di ¦¼žÂ‡º° [ Á‹oµ °Š + /ti33/ + ­nªœš¸É ™¼„ÁžÈœÁ‹oµ °Š ] Ánœ /ku54 ti33 luk54/ „¼ °Š oµœ “ oµœ °ŠŒ´œ” 2.4.6 ž¦³Ã¥‡Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ ‡ÎµÂ­—Š‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥¤¸­°Š‡Îµ ‡º° ‡Îµ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š /ma312/ “ „ªnµ” ǦŠ­¦oµŠž¦³Ã¥‡­°—‡¨o°Š„´­¤µ·„£µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨Åš ‡º° [A + ‡»–«´¡šr + /ma312/ + B ] ¨³‡Îµªnµ /pi33/ Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ‡Îµ¥º¤¤µ‹µ„£µ¬µ‹¸œ ∄ bӿ ǦŠ­¦oµŠž¦³Ã¥‡„ÈÁžÈœ°¥nµŠ£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‡º° [A + /pi45/ + B + ‡»–«´¡šr] ª·›¸„µ¦­¨´£µ¬µ„ȇº° Á¤ºÉ°Äo‡Îµ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š„ÈčoŪ¥µ„¦–rž¼o¥´Š ™oµÄo‡Îµ£µ¬µ‹¸œ„ÈčoŪ¥µ„¦–r£µ¬µ‹¸œ —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê

ku54 va: ƾ312 ma312 k ܭ54 Œ´œ­¼Š„ªnµÁ µ ma312 „¼ ­¼Š „ªnµ „ 0ݦ van54 ni11 qa bot11 ma24 van54 n ܭ11 ª´œœ¸Ê®œµª„ªnµÁ¤ºÉ°ªµœ ª´œ œ¸Ê ®œµª „ªnµ ª´œ ªµœ 0 0 0 œpi33 ma ݦiƾ31 ni11 pi33 ma ݦiƾ31 ଔa11 qa na ƾ11 ‡œœ¸Ê®œ´„„ªnµ‡œœ´Ê ‡œ œ¸Ê „ªnµ ‡œ œ´Êœ ®œ´„ 0 0 0 œn54 ®¤¼˜´ªœ¸Ê°oªœ„ªnµ®¤¼˜´ªœ´Êܭݦa li11 mu54 ni11 pi33 ݦa li11 mu54 ଔa11 na n ˜´ª ®¤¼ œ¸Ê „ªnµ ˜´ª ®¤¼ œ´Êœ œnœ

192 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 2.4.7 „µ¦°„˜ÎµÂ®œ nŠ ǦŠ­¦oµŠ °Š‡Îµ°„˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ Ánœ œ ¨nµŠ ®œoµ ®¨´Š Žoµ¥ ªµ ‡ÎµÁ®¨nµœ¸Ê‹³ªµŠÅªo®œoµ‡Îµœµ¤®¦º°­¦¦¡œµ¤ ¦¼žÂ‡º° [ ‡Îµ°„˜ÎµÂ®œnŠ+‡Îµœµ¤ /­¦¦¡œµ¤ ] —´Š ˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê lu54 pja312 œ„o°œ®·œ pu ƾ33 lu11na312 Ĝš»nŠœµ œ ®·œ Ĝ š»nŠœµ 2.4.8 ‡Îµ„¦ ·¥µš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦„¦¦¤­°Š˜´ª £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š¤¸‡Îµ„¦·¥µš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦„¦¦¤­°Š˜´ª ¤¸ ‡Îµªnµ /pu ԥ24/ “Ä®o” ¨³‡Îµªnµ /pan24/ “ žœ´ ,nŠ” ¤¸Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠÁžÈœÂÁ—¸¥ª„´œ„´£µ¬µ‹¸œ ‡º° [ž¦³›µœ + „¦·¥µ + „¦¦¤¦°Š ( Ÿ¼o¦´) + „¦¦¤˜¦Š ( ­·ÉŠ °Š /„µ¦„¦³šÎµ)] —´Š˜´ª°¥nµŠ˜n°Åžœ¸Ê ku54 pu ԥ24 k ܭ54 ܨa54 li11 qai54 Œ´œÄ®ońn(„n)Á µ­°Š˜´ª „¼ Ä®o „ ­°Š ˜´ª ńn 0 µÂnŠ„ (Ä®o)oµœŒ´œ®œ¹ÉŠ˜´ª p54 Áܧ pan24 luk54 ku54 ݦa li11 k 54ܭk „ žœ´ oµœ „¼ ®œ¹ÉŠ ˜´ª „

2.5 £µ¬µ™ ·Éœ

£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šœ´Å—oªnµÁžÈœ£µ¬µš¸ÉÂ¥„˜´ª°°„Åž‹µ„­µ µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ„n°œ£µ¬µ°ºÉœ Ç œ´„ª·µ„µ¦ ‹¸œ‹¹ŠÄ®o‡ªµ¤­œÄ‹„´£µ¬µœ¸Ê¤µ„ ×¥ÁŒ¡µ³£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®œ·Š Ž¹ÉŠÁžÈœ¡ºÊœš¸Éš¸É¤¸µªž¼o¥´Š °µ«´¥°¥¼n®œµÂœnœÂ¨³¦´„¬µ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š—´ÊŠÁ—·¤¤µ„š¸É­»— ®¨¸‹·Éœ¢µŠ (Li Jinfang, 2002, pp. 115-122)

ŗo¨Š¡ºÊœš¸ÉÁ„ȝ o°¤¼¨£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼®œ·ŠÂ¨oªÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´™·Éœ°ºÉœn Ç ¡ªnµ ¦³Åª¥µ„¦–r Ťn˜„˜nµŠ„´œ ˜n­·ÉŠš¸É˜„˜nµŠ„´œ‡º°¦³Á­¸¥ŠÂ¨³ªŠ‡Îµ«´¡šr °´œÁžÈœÁ„–”rš¸ÉčonŠ£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š °°„ÁžÈœ 2 ™·Éœ Ž¹ÉŠÄœÂ˜n¨³™·Éœ¥´Š­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠ™·Éœ¥n°¥Å—o°¸„ —´Šœ¸Ê 2.5.1 £µ¬µ™ ·Éœ ´ÉŠ˜³ª´œ°°„ ŗo„n £µ¬µž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®œ·Š ( ᇼᆱ৯ Fùníng xiàn ) ‹Îµœªœ 1,000 ‡œ ¨³°ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ ( 䛓එ৯ Nàp ǀ xiàn ) ‹Îµœªœ 400 ‡œ ¤¸£µ¬µš¸É˜„˜nµŠ„´œÄœ ˜n¨³šo°Š™·Éœ Ž¹ÉŠœ´ªnµÁžÈœ™·Éœ¥n°¥Å—o°¸„ 3 ™·Éœ¥n°¥—´Šœ¸Ê (1) ™·Éœ¥n°¥Á°q°®¤nµ ( ጘ傜൏䈝 É m ӽ t ԃyԃ) ‡º°£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š Š˜³ª´œ°°„š¸É¡¼—°¥¼nĜ´É ®¤¼noµœ˜nµŠ Ç °Š»¤œ„¼n¨µ °ÎµÁ£°¢¼®œ·Šn ( 䉧᣹ґᇼᆱ৯ GԃlƗ xi Ɨng Fùníng xiàn ) ŗo„n oµœ Á°q°»œ ( ጘᶁ É c njn) oµœ˜¼o„µœ ( ᶌᒢ Dùgàn ) oµœÁ‹q°®¨Š ( 㘵嗉 Zh Člóng ) oµœœnµ˜qµ ( 䛓䗮 Nàdá ) oµœ®¨Šœnµ ( 嗉㓣 Lóngnà ) ¨³oµœ®¤nµ„ªoµœ ( 傜䍟 Mӽguàn ) (2) ™·Éœ¥n°¥®¨µŠÁœ¸É¥œ ( 䛾ᘥ൏䈝 Lángniàn t ԃyԃ) ‡º°£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š Š˜³ª´œ°°„š¸É¡¼—´É °¥¼nĜ­°Š®¤¼noµœ °Š»¤œ„¼n¨µ °ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®œ·Š ‡º° oµœ®¨µŠÁ‹¸Ê¥ ( 䛾ᷦ Lángjià ) ¨³oµœÁœ¸É¥œ ®¨µŠ ( ᘥ䛾 Niàn láng )

193 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 (3) ™·Éœ¥n°¥®¥nµ®¨µŠ ( 䳵䛾൏䈝 YƗláng t ԃyԃ) „¨»n¤œš¸É¡¼—£µ¬µ™·Éœ¥n°¥œ¸ÊÁ¦¸¥„ ˜´ªÁ°Šªnµ “ ®¥nµ®¨µŠ ” Á¦¸¥„ºÉ°£µ¬µ˜´ªÁ°ŠÂ˜nÁ—·¤ªnµ “ £µ¬µÁ¥ -®¦Š ( YƝróng y ԃ)” ¡¼—°¥¼nĜ­°Š »¤œ °Š°ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ ‡º° »¤œ®¨ŠÁ®° ( Lónghé xi Ɨng ) ¨³»¤œÃ¡Á®° ( Pǀhé xi Ɨng ) 2.5.2 £µ¬µ™ ·Éœ ´ÉŠ˜³ª´œ˜„ ŗo„n £µ¬µ™·Éœš¸ÉºÉ° £µ¬µžµ±µ ( ᐤ૸䈝 BƗhƗ y ԃ) ¤¸‹Îµœªœ Ÿ¼o¡¼—£µ¬µ™·Éœœ¸Ê 600 ‡œ ¡¼—°¥¼nĜ­°Š®¤¼noµœ °Š°ÎµÁ£°„ªnµŠ®œµœ ( ᒯই৯ Gu ӽng nán ) ‡º° »¤œ˜¸ÉÁ®ª¥ ( ᓅ൙ґ Dӿwéi xi Ɨng ) ¨³»¤œžµ˜qµ ( ޛ䗮ґ BƗdá xi Ɨng )

3. š­¦»ž ­¦»ž­µ¦³­Îµ‡´ °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š‹µ„š¸Éŗo°›·µ¥¤µ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n˜oœ‡º° µªž¼o¥´Š˜´ÊŠ™·Éœ“µœ°¥¼nĜ ¡ºÊœš¸É˜°œÄ˜o °Šž¦³Áš«‹¸œ ¤¸™·Éœ“µœ®¨´„­°ŠÂ®nŠ ‡º° µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É°ÎµÁ£°œnµÃ¡ ( ¤–”¨„ªnµŠŽ¸) °ÎµÁ£°¢¼n®œ·ŠÂ¨³°ÎµÁ£°„ªnµŠ®œµœ ( ¤–”¨¥¼œœµœ ) „µ¦­Îµ¦ª‹­Îµ¤³Ãœž¦³µ„¦ž¸ 1994 ¤¸ ‹Îµœªœž¦³µ„¦ž¦³¤µ– 2,000 ‡œ œ´„ž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r‹¸œÁºÉ°ªnµ ¦¦¡»¦»¬ °Šµªž¼o¥´Š‡º°œÁŸnµ ݦµ–ž µ¥Á¥ªnš¸É°µ«´¥°¥¼n¡ºÊœš¸É®¨·ÉŠ®œµœÂ™µ¥ n Šš³Á¨´É Ĝ—oµœ£µ¬µ«µ­˜¦r œ´„ª·µ„µ¦‹¸œ‹´— £µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÅªo£µ¥Ä˜o£µ¬ µ˜¦³„¼¨‹¸œ-š·Á˜ ­µ µ£µ¬µ‹oªŠ -˜oŠ  œŠ£µ¬µÁ„° -¥´Š ( ÁžÈœ‡¼n œµœ ¦³—´Á—¸¥ª„´œ„´Â œŠ‹oªŠÅ˜Â¨³˜oŠ-­»n¥) ‡Îµ«´¡šr °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´Šœ°„‹µ„‹³¤¸‡ªµ¤­´¤¡´œ›r„´ £µ¬µ˜¦³„¼¨ÅšÂ¨oª ¥´Š¤¸‡Îµ«´¡šrš¸É­°—‡¨o°Š„´£µ¬µ‹¸œÁ„nµ ¨³µŠ­nªœ‡¨oµ¥‡¨¹Š„´£µ¬µ ˜¦³„ ¼¨¤° -Á ¤¦ ž‹‹»´œ¦´“µ¨‹¸œ‹´—µªž¼´ o¥´Šš¸É¤– ”¨¥¼œœµœÄ®oÁžÈœ­¤µ·„ °Šœ„¨»n¤œo°¥ µª‹oªŠ ¨³‹´—µªž¼o¥´Šš¸É¤–”¨„ªnµŠŽ¸Ä®oÁžÈœ­¤µ·„œ„¨»n¤œo°¥µªÁ®¥µ —oµœ«µ­œµÂ¨³ ‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ° µªž¼o¥´Š¤¸‡ªµ¤ÁºÉ°Á¦ºÉ°ŠŸ¸ Á‡µ¦¡¼µª·µ–¦¦¡»¦»¬Â¨³Áš¡Á‹oµ ž¦³Á—Èœš¸É­Îµ‡´š¸É­¤‡ª¦‹³®¥·¥„¤µ„¨nµªÄœš°£·ž¦µ¥œ¸Ê„ȇº° Ĝ¦³®ªnµŠÁ¦¸¥Á¦¸¥Š š‡ªµ¤Á¦ºÉ°Šœ¸Ê Ÿ¼oÁ ¸¥œ¡Á®Èœž¦³Á—Èœš¸Éœnµ­œÄ‹¤µ„ Ž¹ÉŠœ´Å—oªnµÁžÈœ¦n°Š¦°¥ °Š£µ¬µÅš¥š¸É Á„nµÂ„n°¥nµŠ®œ¹ÉŠ œÎµÅž­¼n o°­´œœ·¬“µœÁ„¸É¥ª„´‡Îµ‡ª„¨Îʵ¨³‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rĜ£µ¬µÅš¥Å—o „¨nµª‡º° ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rĜ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠµŠ„¨»n¤˜¦Š„´‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁ—¸¥ªÄœ£µ¬µÅš¥ µŠ„¨»n¤˜¦Š„´ ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r¨³‡Îµ‡ª„¨ÎʵĜ£µ¬µÅš¥ ¨³µŠ„¨»n¤˜¦Š„´‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É ¹Êœ˜oœ—oª¥ “ „¦³ („³ ), ¤³ ” œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¡‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸ÉÁžÈœ‡ÎµÅš¥Ã¦µ– —oª¥—´Šœ¸Ê

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194 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 0 ž¦³Á£š‡Îµ£µ¬µÅš¥ ˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÁžÈœ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r ¹Êœ˜oœ—oª¥ / qa / 0 0 0 0 ‡Îµ‡ª„¨Îʵ qa la11 „¨oµ qa li ƾ11 „¨·ÊŠ qa ଔܧ 312 Á„¨º° qa l ܧn312 „¨ºœ 0 qa ða: ƾ312 ªµŠ 0 0 0 0 ƾ 312ܧ ƾ 312 ma lܭřř ma l ܧ¹Êœ˜oœ qa da:k31 qa ݣ ε­°Š¡¥µŠ‡rš¸É‡ —oª¥ “ „¦³ („³ ), ¤³ ” „¦³—¼„ „¦³¦°„ ¤¨Š ¤³¨´Š(¤³Á¨º°Š )

Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´®œnª¥‡ÎµÁ˜·¤®œoµš¸É˜nÁ—·¤ÁžÈœ‡Îµž¦³­¤Â¨³¤¸‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Äœ˜´ªÁ°Š ˜n Á¤ºÉ°œÎµ¤µÁ˜·¤®œoµ‡Îµ°ºÉœ‹³¨—¦¼žÁžÈœÁ­¸¥ŠÁµ®¦º°­¼Á­¸¥Á­¸¥ŠµŠÁ­¸¥ŠÅž ¨³°µ‹¤¸„µ¦Âž¦ ‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Åž‹µ„Á—·¤—oª¥ ˜´ª°¥nµŠÁnœ 0 0 0 0 /puo / ž¨ªnµ “ Ÿ¼o” čoÁ˜·¤®œoµ‡ÎµÁ¦¸¥„‡œ ( ‡Îµªnµ puo mܧ312 puo ܨak54 puo pak11  0 (ªnµ /ma ݦiƾ31/) “Ÿ¼o®¤° ” ( ®¤°Ÿ¸) “Ÿ¼o¨´„” ( ˦ )  “Ÿ¼ooµ” ( ‡œoµ—¼¡ œ‡ 0 0 0 0 /la:k / ž¨ªnµ “ ¨¼„” čoÁ˜·¤®œoµ‡ÎµÁ¦¸¥„µ˜· la:k ƾܭ k11 la:k qa:n54 la:k ܨܭ ŝŜ ‡ÎµÁ¦¸¥„­·ÉŠ °Š œµ—Á¨È„ ÁžÈœ¨¼„„¨¤ ®¦º°ÁžÈœ “œ·Êª” “®¨µœ ” ( ¨¼„ °Š¨¼„) “¨¼„µ¥ ” Á¤È— 0 0 0 0   ma:k / ž¨ªnµ “ ®¤µ„ ” čoÁ˜·¤®œoµºÉ°Ÿ¨Å¤o ma:k li11 ma:k ݦit11 ma:k ma ƾ54/ “®¤µ„¨¸É” ( ­µ¨¸É) “°Š»nœ” “®¤µ„ ”

‹µ„ o°¤¼¨‡Îµ«´¡šr˜µ¦µŠ oµŠ˜oœ¡ªnµ ­nªœÁ˜·¤®œoµš¸É˜nÁ—·¤ÁžÈœ‡Îµž¦³­¤¤¸„µ¦Âž¦Åž ÁžÈœ‡Îµ‡ª„¨Îʵ ®µ„¨°ŠœÎµ‡Îµªnµ “ ®¤µ„ ” °Š£µ¬µž¼o¥´ŠÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´£µ¬µÅš¥ Á¦µ‹³Á®Èœ „¦³ªœ„µ¦ °Š„µ¦Âž¦Á­¸¥Š‹µ„‡Îµž¦³­¤ ÁžÈœ‡Îµ­°Š¡¥µŠ‡r ÁžÈœ‡Îµ‡ª„¨Îʵ ‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠ¡¥µŠ‡r®œoµ ­¼®µ¥Åž„¨µ¥ÁžÈœ‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁ—¸¥ª —´Šœ¸Ê

195 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

 o° o°­´œœ·¬“µœ‡ÎµÁ—·¤ ª·ª´•œµ„µ¦ ‡Îµž ‹‹»´œ´

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ÁžÈœ‡Îµ‡ª„¨Îʵ (®¦º°‡Îµ¡¥µŠ‡rÁ—¸¥ª )

£µ¬µÅš¥ £µ¬µ 0 0 £µ¬µž¼o¥´Š ma:k11 t ܭƾ 312 ma:k tܭƾ 312 ma tܭƾ 312 (˜Š ) “®¤µ„ +„ªµ ” “¤´„+„ªµ ” “¤³Â˜Š ” (˜Š„ªµ ) 0 0 ma:k11 ta54 ma:k ta54 ma ta54 (˜µ ) “®¤µ„ +˜µ ” “¤´„+˜µ ” “¤³˜µ ” ( ¨¼„˜µ ) 0 0 ma:k11 la312 ma:k la312 ma la312 ž¨µ “®¤µ„ +¨µ ” “¤´„+¨µ ” “¤³¨µ ” m-p =bilabial 0 0 ma:k11 l ܭƾ 312 ma:k lܭƾ 312 ma lܭƾ 312 (¤¨Š ) “®¤µ„ +¨Š ” “¤´„+¨Š ” “¤³Â¨Š ” 0 0 ma:k11 t ܧ312 ma:k tܧ312 ma tܧ312 (ž¦³˜¼) “®¤µ„ (žµ„ )+ ˜¼” “¤´„(žµ„ )+ ˜¼” “¤³˜¼” 0 ma:k11 qa: ƾ24 ma:k Ř qa: ƾ24 ma qa: ƾ24 (‡µŠ ) “®¤µ„ +‡µŠ ” “¤´„+‡µŠ ” “¤³‡µŠ ” £µ¬µÅš¥ ®¤µ„ +¦³ ¤´„+¦³ ¤³¦³ ¤³¦³ ®¤µ„ +Á º° ¤´„+Á º° ¤³Á º° ¤³Á º° ®¤µ„ +¨µ ¤´„+¨µ (¤³ +¨µ ) ž¨µ ž¨µ ®¤µ„ +˜µ ¤´„+˜µ (¤³ +˜µ ) ˜µ ˜µ

˜´ª°¥nµŠ‡Îµ«´¡šr£µ¬µž¼o¥´Š oµŠ˜oœ‹³Á®Èœªnµ ‡Îµªnµ /ma:k11/ “ ®¤µ„ ” œ°„‹µ„‹³ÁžÈœ‡Îµ 0 0 Á¦¸¥„ºÉ°Ÿ¨Å¤o¨oª ¥´Š¤¸„µ¦Âž¦‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ÅžÄo„´‡Îµœµ¤°ºÉœ Ánœ ma la312 “ ž¨µ ”, /ma ta54/ 0 0 “˜µ ”, ma l ܭƾ 312 “ ¤¨Š ”, /ma tܧ312/ “ ž¦³˜¼” ž¦µ„’„µ¦–rÁnœœ¸ÊÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ ¦¼ž¨´„¬–r °Š “ ®¤µ„ ” ªnµ¤¸¨´„¬–³„¨¤ Á¨È„ ÁžÈœ„o°œ ÁžÈœ˜´ª šÎµÄ®o‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥Á—·¤ °Š “ ®¤µ„ ” œ°„‹µ„‹³Âž¨ªnµŸ¨Å¤o¨oª ¥´ŠÅ—o ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥°°„Şčo„´‡Îµœµ¤°ºÉœš¸É¤¸¨´„¬–³‡¨oµ¥„´œ—oª¥ ®µ„‹³Áš¸¥Á‡¸¥Š „´£µ¬µÅš¥ Á¦µ‹³¡¨´„¬–³Ánœœ¸Êŗo´—Á‹œÄœ£µ¬µÅš¥™·Éœ°¸­µœš¸ÉÁ¦¸¥„ Ÿ¨Å¤oªnµ “ ´„” Ž¹ÉŠ„ÈÁžÈœÁ­¸¥ŠÂž¦ °Š‡Îµªnµ “ ®¤µ„ ” Ánœ ºÉ°Ÿ¨Å¤o ´„¤¸É ( œ»œ) ´„œ´— ( ­´ž³¦— ) ´„Á ¸¥ ( œo°¥®œnµ) –³Á—¸¥ª„´œ„È ¥µ¥‡ªµ¤®¤µ¥ÅžÄoÁ¦¸¥„‡Îµœµ¤°ºÉœÅ—o—oª¥ ŗo„n ºÉ°­·ÉŠ ° Š Ánœ ´„„°¨° ( š¸É ªœ‡°‡ªµ¥ ) ´„‹„ ( ‹° ) ´„„³Â®¨nŠ ( Á­ºÊ°‡°„¦³Áoµ) ºÉ°­´˜ªr Ánœ ´„®°¥ (®°¥ ) ´„ ¸ÊÁ„¸Ê¥¤ ( ‹·ÊŠ‹„ ) Á¦¸¥„‡œ Ánœ ´„®¨nµ ( ¨¼„µ¥ ‡œÁ¨È„) ´„Á­¸É¥ª ( Á¡ºÉ°œÁ„¨° ) ÁžÈœ˜oœ o°¤¼¨—´Šš¸É„¨nµª¤µœ¸ÊÁžÈœ¦n°Š¦°¥ °Š£µ¬µÅš¥Á„nµÂ¨³ª·ª´•œµ„µ¦ °Š£µ¬µÅš¥Å—o

196 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)

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197 ĊĕĆčĕĆċėĈþċĕčøĆŋ þĿúĘħ 17 êýĔýúĘħ 2 ( âĆâðĕåĄ - ûĔüĊĕåĄ 2560) JOURNAL OF LIBERAL ARTS 17, 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2017)



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