March 24, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5109 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, March 24, 1988 The House met at 11 a.m. agreed to by the House and agrees to report next week, I urge my colleagues Rev. Charles A. Mallon, permanent the conference asked by the House on to read Jim Rouse's message. We must deacon, Holy Family Church, Mit­ the disagreeing votes of the two recognize our moral obligation as what chellville, MD, offered the following Houses thereon, and appoints Mr. he calls, "the wealthiest country in prayer: PELL, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. MATSUNAGA, the world, with the highest problem­ Unless the Lord builds the house, Mr. DODD, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. STAF· solving capability in the history of those who build it labor in vain, unless FORD, Mr. HATCH, Mr. QUAYLE, and Mr. mankind." He urges us "to provide the the Lord watches over the city, the THURMOND to be the conferees on the opportunity for all our people to have watchman stays awake in vain.­ part of the Senate.9 fit and affordable housing by the year Psalm 127: 1-2. The message also announced that 2000." Father, in our foolishness, we imag­ pursuant to section 143 of the Nuclear I urge my colleagues to review his ine that we are in control of the events Waste Policy Act, as amended by sec­ speech that I am including in the which shape our lives. We acknowl­ tion 5021 of Public Law 100-203, the RECORD. edge the powers and forces around us Chair on behalf of the President pro You passed a lot of pictures to get in here that patronize our vanity and destroy tempore and with the concurrence of tonight. They spoke of two cities-two cities our dependence upon You. the Speaker of the House of Repre­ which exist in almost every city in America. Father, You are revealed in the tab­ sentatives, appoints Mr. Victor Gi­ There is the sparkling, growing city of lets of stone and in the flesh of our linsky, of Maryland, Mr. Alex Radin, fine new office buildings, hotels, restau­ hearts. Allow these revelations to of the District of Columbia, and Mr. rants-of new institutions of art, music, edu­ cleanse our hearts of all vanity and to Dale E. Klein, of Texas, to the Moni­ cation, entertainment that mark the ex­ motivate our lives in obedience to traordinary rebirth of the American center tored Retrievable Storage Review city. Your devine love. Commission. There is new vitality, new life, new spirit We ask this through Christ our downtown in cities across the country-Bal­ Lord. Amen. STATUS OF HOUSING FOR THE timore feels like a new city. The spirit of the people soars with pride in what has hap­ POOR pened and with high expectancy for the THE JOURNAL

0 This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 5110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 24, 1988 buildings and miserable lives in northwest A recent Washington Post survey showed our people to have fit and affordable hous­ Washington. Their work began in 1973 with that 25% of the people in shelters were ing by the year 2000. the purchase of the Ritz and Mozart, once working, but with no place to live. National To meet this goal, the federal government fine buildings, home for 90 very poor fami­ estimates show 30-35% of the homeless are must provide the essential leadership in lies-no doors on the front, the lobbies were families. A Los Angeles Times study showed calling for that national commitment. And the street. Mail boxes ripped off the walls, 44,000 families living in cars or garages in it must support the call with funds that will elevators didn't run, five-floor walk-ups. Los Angeles. stimulate and support a rising tide of state, Garbage and trash thrown down the eleva­ Is this our country? Can this really be local, and private initiatives. tor shafts out of fury and frustration. The America? These initiatives are a bright new hope in stench made one gag. This was their home. Homelessness has drawn the attention of housing. They consist of new financing pro­ Think of it. Now with over 50,000 hours of the media, of caring people, of the politi­ grams and taxes by state and local govern­ volunteer work and a little cash, they have cians as has nothing else relating to the ment-14 states now have housing trust been restored to decent buildings with new housing of the poor. Homelessness has funds. Many more, including Maryland, Vir­ hope for the families living there. awakened us to the desperate need of the ginia, and Pennsylvania, have special state One day I was working with Rosa Hatfield poor. financing programs. Dade County and to help raise money for Jubilee. Rosa, a And in this, there is hope. For as the black woman with very low income, lived in homeless open us up to caring, we are led to Miami have a real estate transfer tax for the Ritz with her three children. She had the conditions behind the homeless-to the low-income housing. Montgomery County been very suspicious of Jubilee's takeover, millions and millions of near-homeless-the has a tax on conversion of apartments to had gradually turned around to become a people at the edge who are paying rent they condominiums. These are examples. There co-worker and manager of the Ritz. We had cannot afford, often for housing that is are many others-also to house the poor. come to know one another well enough to unfit, who have little in reserve-who live The new initiatives come from hundreds talk frankly with each other. with the knowledge and the fear that one of nonprofit housing corporations working One day, I turned to Rosa and asked, setback and they are on the street. in neighborhoods to acquire, rehabilitate, "Rosa, what did you think when all those And as we are awakened by homelessness and build new housing for very low income white people came in here to fix up these to the deeper, wider needs of poor people, families. Many are church initiated. The apartments?" Her reply was, "I thought the we look for answers. "What can be done?" Enterprise Foundation, LISC . Habitat for they going to do to us now." dreadful conditions?" Humanity, and Neighborhood Housing Serv­ There in a sentence was the mood that Last September, Senators Cranston of ices are national, nonprofit organizations as­ burns inside the hearts and minds of mil­ California and D'Amato of New York, the sisting these local programs. lions of very poor people who feel aban­ chairman and senior minority member of Many business corporations, national and doned and stepped on by our society. the housing subcommittee of the U.S. local and charitable foundations are, for the Most of us don't know those lives and Senate Banking Committee, asked David first time, providing substantial funds for don't know: Maxwell, the fine, caring man who is chair­ these initiatives. That there are more than 32 million man and CEO of Fannie Mae . nooga, Tennessee, has committed itself to States, up from 25 million 10 years ago. and me to head up a task force to find some making all housing occupied by very poor Don't know that, while the number of answers to that question-"What can be people fit and affordable in 10 years. poor people seeking housing has increased, done?" This bold, pace-setting commitment, the quantity of housing affordable to them We asked 24 men and women to join us on scheduled and costed over 10 years, depends has declined. Therefore, the cost of housing this task force. Our criterion for selection upon federal funds not now available to join has gone up-way up. was that they be experienced in housing, local funds for financing. Don't know that of 13 million families open and caring. Everyone we asked agreed In fact, it illustrates the new partnership with incomes under $10,000 a year, nearly to serve. half-42%-pay more than 50% of their We met almost every week for two days opportunity. There is no possibility that income for housing. Think of it, over half and a night from September to mid-Decem­ this city of 180,000 people, even with the their income in rent. ber. And since then various members have deep commitments by city government, And the pools of jobless at the heart of met over many weeks to draft the report. It business, charitable, religious and civic re­ our cities are 30%-40%. sometimes 50%. of will be released at a press conference next sources, can carry out this $200 million pro­ the population in the areas. Monday, the 28th. gram without strong support from the fed­ It is said that 48% of all young, black men The task force has included home build­ eral government. But the federal govern­ seeking work are jobless. This means that a ers, public officials, a mayor, bankers, for­ ment, by investing in this effort, will enable kid graduating from high school-or quit­ profit and nonprofit developers, real estate a partnership with local leadership, energy, ting before he graduates-has about an leaders, housing professionals. and money that can build a lighthouse for equal chance of work or hustle-hustling to One of the most notable and important as­ America. survive, petty crimes, drugs, then larger pects of the task force operation has been This new wave of state and local initia­ crimes, with families living in fear. Trapped the wide area of agreement among men and tives is a new hope. In total resources it is in these urban jungles. women of very diverse backgrounds-par­ very small in relation to total need. It is And now the new phenomenon that arises ticularly the clear conviction that housing spotty in geographic coverage. But it is an from our national unawareness-and inat­ for the very poor is a current disgrace and important opportunity for a strong partner­ tention to these conditions-the homeless­ its correction a crucial necessity. ship between federal funds in association the picture of men and women asleep along There has been no significant new hous­ with local delivery systems to transform the the sidewalk; of families with no place to ing legislation since 1978, and, as a result of lives of the poor. Here is a case in which 2 + spend the night-shocks us all. the very large federal deficits, there has 2 can equal 6. And who are the homeless. been a substantial reduction in financial This new partnership presents the realis­ A 1985 study of homelessness by the support for housing programs. tic possibility for meeting the housing needs Maryland Department of Human Resources This decline in federal funds for low­ of the poor in our country. It requires a reports that: income housing has resulted in a steady de­ strong commitment in leadership and fund­ The leading causes of homelessness in­ cline of fit and affordable housing to meet a ing from the federal government and strong clude the lack of low-income housing, unem­ steadily increasing need for such housing. commitment from leaders in the states, ployment, eviction, release from an institu­ Thus, the critical conditions our country tion. And, of course, there are the drug ad­ faces. cities, and the private sector to carry out dicts, alcoholics, and those who simply It is the hope and purpose of the task the local initiatives supported by these choose to live outside of society. force to lift the housing conditions of poor funds. But the Department of Human Resource people in America to a compelling level of Together we can forge a new America report also showed that: concern and commitment by the federal with fit and affordable housing for all who 22% of the homeless were children. government, state and local governments, seek it. 28% were in family groups. for-profit and nonprofit developers; busi­ We are the wealthiest country in the 36% were females. ness, churches, civic groups, and individ­ world, with the highest problem-solving ca­ In central Maryland counties Soviet Union has trained and armed A policy which has ignored the to Margaret Thatcher urging her to the PLO murderers for years, and implement direct elections before 1991 rampant corruption and drug running when they are the cosponsors of that in the Honduran military. and thus support democracy in Hong vile United Nations resolution equat­ Kong. The progress of the Nicaraguans, in ing Zionism with racism? spite of our own saber rattling, sends a Mr. Speaker, the Arab riots have cre­ powerful signal to our own Govern­ ated a sense of panic. But panic rarely TODAY IS A HISTORIC DAY FOR ment. makes for good policy. We ought to NICARAGUA We can no longer tolerate the failed stick steadfastly to the Camp David policies of the Reagan administration accords, the one plan that has brought The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under in Central America-policies which some modicum of peace to that war­ a previous order of the House, the gen­ have meant war, not peace; drugs, not torn area. tleman from New Jersey [Mr. GuA­ economic development; and military RINI] is recognized for 5 minutes. strongmen, not democracy. Mr. GUARINI. Mr. Speaker, today is 0 1115 a historic day for Nicaragua. And today is a historic day for the Western SERIOUS FLAWS IN SHULTZ PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE Hemisphere. ARAB-ISRAELI PEACE PLAN ON GOVERNMENT OPER­ Last night, at midnight in Nicara­ the New York Times, Mar. 24, 19881 bring to the attention of the Members ozone hole getting any worse; a 95 percent THE RACE To SAVE THE OZONE SHIELD reduction would let it heal over decades. of the House an advertisement in the The chemical threat to the life-protecting CFC's take some seven years to reach the Wall Street Journal dated Thursday, ozone layer in the high atmosphere turns ozone layer, so that corrective action will March 10, 1988, on page 23. out to be more serious than feared. The take years to have any effect. There is no Now it is not that I want the Mem­ damage may already be three times greater time to wait for evidence of biological bers to take advantage of this adver­ than the worst future loss assumed in a damage. The Montreal treaty is a fine first tisement, because the advertisement in pending international treaty to cap produc­ step, if a second will follow quickly. my mind is the height of corporate ir­ tion of the destructive chemicals. Even responsibility. It is an advertisement stronger measures may soon be needed. by Continental Airlines suggesting The ozone layer screens out the part- o!_; MY ADVICE TO THE PRIVILEGED the sun's ultraviolet light that harms living ORDERS that the citizens of the United States things. Scientists have long warned that the should abuse the tax laws by flying ozone might be destroyed by the chlorine The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under out of the country on April 15, there- wafted up in man-made chemicals known as a previous order of the House, the gen- 5114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 24, 1988 tleman from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] is which consisted of about four or five for the first time members of our recognized for 60 minutes. individuals, including three priests. armed services under conditions that Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, two One of them, one of the outstanding anyone else would describe as inaction, of the colleagues that preceded me re­ scholars, literary scholars, and a Latin­ but which our Government says the ferred to the newspaper accounts ist expert, widely known throughout soldiers died in an accident. And as I about a ceasefire in Central America the literary world-maybe not in the said the other day, just as in the case between the ruling leaders of the Nica­ English-speaking world-but in the of the 241 marines in Beirut, they are raguan Government and the so-called rest of the world as quite a bit of a listed as having died in an accident. rebels that, based in Honduras, found­ scholar. Now how long, how long, American ed by us, financed by us and violation D 1130 Congress, can we continue with this of international law and in violation of foolish, self-defeating folly? How long our own laws, we have now created, as He is hardly one that we would until the Sandinistas, and, of all we have in other parts of the world, equate with what we define as a Com­ people, the Contras, can sit down to­ clients that we do not know what to do munist or Marxist-Leninist, as in every gether and say, "Yes, we can declare with. country, because, if, as the President an armistice, oh, for 60 days, but The cease-fire is a direct result of says, and no longer ago than just 48 maybe we can continue talking and the inevitable forces that have bur­ hours ago, that if this Communist, lead to something more permanent"? geoned up from the midst of this area Marxist-Leninist regime was to contin­ Where does that leave us? Where or region where, for too long, we have ue in power, the Congress would have to answer for it because it had turned does that leave all my colleagues that had endless bloodshedding and which, have consistently voted for aid to the in turn, was the motivating factor for down what he considered his version of request for aid. Contras while they would tell me as bringing together the seven leaders of chairman of the Housing Subcommit­ the seven nations that for more than So the idea then is again the idea 200 years had been much able to get that has impelled us to a counterpro­ tee that we did not even have $40 mil­ together on too much. As a matter of ductive course of action, going back to lion for our homeless? In 1982 sudden­ fact, our policy in the past has been to 1918 and the invasion of Russia by our ly they can find $274 million for the divide and conquer. forces together with and under the Contras. What are you going to do We, under the administration of leadership then of the French and the now with those 20,000 to 25,000 in Ronald Reagan, resuscitated and re­ British. Now we lost over 300 Ameri­ Honduras? Honduras doesn't want vived the old gunboat dollar diplomacy can soldiers in our incursion into them, never has wanted them. We last exerted by President Calvin Coo­ Russia in 1918 in order to try to put have compelled them because we have lidge who, interestingly enough, Presi­ down what was known as the Bolshe­ been in actual physical occupation of dent Ronald Reagan admires. vik Revolution, and, of course, history Honduras for over 6 years. We have It was this return to a very much will show that that was an absolutely never for 1 day in the last 6 years have outworn and discarded policy or prac­ futile gesture. There was no way that had less than 10,000 of our servicemen tice-! will not dignify it with the any external force was about to put in Honduras present at any one given word "policy." Policy signifies that down an indigenous uprising by a date. either an individual or a group of indi­ whole people that were trying to lift Now I think that my colleagues viduals has thought out a course of themselves from the oppressive tyran­ would be the first to accept that, if the action with premeditated consider­ ny of the czars, and peasantry and the American people were fully charged ation, sober and discreet consideration. system of peonage that ruled Russia with full knowledge, that they would I think that can hardly be said about at the time. have a hard time reconciling these what, in the name of our country, in What I think we ought to do is reex­ conflicting votes, where at home, no the name of our people, we have done. amine our mind set, not only with re­ charity. Charity outside on the streets, We in the Congress have on more than spect to this part of the world that we but not at home. That is folly. half a dozen occasions just within the consider to be the Iron Curtain world I think that, as I have pondered, last 7 years voted against our own or in those areas that we consider the that if we had gotten those giant B- laws, because the anachronism of rec­ incursion of Communist forces, be­ 52's and loaded them up with the ognizing the regime that the President cause our thinking has been based on equivalent in dollars or $5 denomina­ has been asking us to destabilize or misperceptions of what that real world tions of the $45 to $50 billion we overthrow by founding what has is, just like our current thinking. Even poured in Southeast Asia and just turned out to be the Contras in Hon­ now, within and without the Congress, flown them over and bombed Vietnam duras, we first started out in 1981 within and without the Presidency, with dollars, we'd be better off today when Gen. Alexander Haig was Sec­ our misperception with respect to than having lost 55,000-plus of our sol­ retary of State, drew the line, said this what we call and lump in one big mass, diers, untold treasure, most of which was an East-West conflict in the small­ Latin America, is the fact that any ended up in the equivalent of gold est country, El Salvador in January. cursory examination and reading of holdings in the vaults of the Central The administration had barely been the history of the evolvement of the Bank, principally of France and other installed in power in 1981 when he an­ culture and the history of each one of countries. nounced and even said ominously, "If these 21 entities that we all lump very And this is what I really wanted to necessary we will go to the source of conveniently in this general designa­ develop this morning, and I will try to all this trouble," meaning Cuba and tion as Latin America, we would find be as succinct as possible. Except for Fidel Castro. that we have a thoroughgoing and an the fact that there has been no com­ So from the beginning the acln).inis­ abysmal misconception and a whole­ prehension that these situations are tration opted for a unilateral interven­ sale ignorance that today can be the most esoteric; apparently qualities tionist policy. costly, just like our ventures into like these are hard to understand, but So the first thing that General Haig other parts of the world where with which really are not matters involving did was to get his buddies, the military the same limitation of knowledge, lack finance, monetary affairs, that have junta that was then ruling Argentina of knowledge and ignorance, has led us everything to do with whether we tri­ to lend him a few Argentinian soldiers, to a heavy price, very costly in blood umph or lose in the field, I kne.w we bring them to Honduras and train and in treasure. had lost in Southeast Asia because I what now we know as the rebels or the I still believe that, and this is a way I knew we were losing at the financial Contras. feel now: With all of the $5 billion­ tables in Europe. At that time, Nicaragua was being plus that we have poured into El Sal­ I have been on the Banking Commit­ governed by the revolutionary junta vador in the last 7 years, we have lost tee since I came to the Congress. That March 24, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5115 is 261f2 years ago. For 10 years I was Colonel Arbenz. And of course he fled the abuse of the use of words, we have chairman of the Subcommittee on the moment that our United Fruit to be careful to make sure we define it. International Finance. I do not claim funded mercenary pilots bombed and The most democratic nation in the that makes one an expert, but it cer­ strafed the capital in Guatemala City, whole North Hemisphere in the new tainly does charge us with at least and Arbenz fled. Our CIA took great world is Costa Rica. This is President having some minimal knowledge, and credit for having destabilized a Marx­ Arias, the so-called Arias peace plan it has been most distressing, almost ist element. Colonel Arbenz, no more originator. There they have had free immoralizing, to see the course of than the Argentinian military, when mandatory public school education for action. just months later they found them­ more than a hundred years. They are After all, it is fine to say we should selves invading what we call the Falk­ right next door to El Salvador, sunk in change policy, oh, Mr. President, now lands and thinking that since they had poverty, sunk in illiteracy, sunk in that these people have gotten togeth­ supplied us with soldiers in Honduras anything but democracy. er. But remember we have just sta­ that we would take their side to dis­ Then next to them also is Honduras, tioned brigade-size and the 82d Air­ cover that Jeane Kirkpatrick and Sec­ the poorest country of all Central borne Battalion ready in Honduras. retary of State, Mr. Haig, were hard America. That is where we rule. Are we going to call them back, as we put to come to their side. Naturally In Costa Rica they have far more should and as I asked on Monday they had to side with Great Britain. open elections than we have, because when I introduced the resolution in That changed the whole course to any party can file a candidacy and, for which I alleged that the President is this day in Argentina, these military instance, in the last elections in which in outright violation of the War that were the most outspoken anti­ Ambassador did everything he could Powers Limitation Act and that those Cuban Castro men in power in all of to keep Arias from being elected. In troops ought to be recalled and cen­ South America, that Argentina mili­ that country, there are two Commu­ tered? Is that going to be done? What tary junta who were guilty of the nist elected representatives to their as­ reason is the President going to give us worst atrocities of these desapara sembly. And where do you think they for the continued occupation of Hon­ citos, disappearing citizens, men, come from and what entity do they duras? women and children. What it has led represent? They represent the Cindi­ But more importantly, as this crisis to was ironically that less than a year catos, or the labor unions, or syndi­ developed more than a month ago, it and a half after that in Havana, Cuba, cates. Where? At the United Fruit looked as if the so-called Contras were these same generals were toasting Plantation. That is where the two so­ out there and the Honduran officials Fidel Castro just like the very people called Communist delegates come were saying, "Well, look, internation­ that received heroic treatment from El from; freely elected by those planta­ ally we cannot admit that they are Salvador here in the United States tion district to the Honduran Assem­ here because we are in violation of just less than 2 years ago; man by the bly. international law." name of Delbujon. It is a French I would like to know how far any­ But what I cannot understand is the name. I do not know if I pronounce it body in this country would get if he obtuseness of my colleagues, present right or not. He has been the so-called were to run as a Socialist Communist and past, and the occupants of the conservative, but actually that is an candidate. Nowhere. And, of course, White House when we see fit to keep abusive word. We have to translate that is our privilege. That is the way an ambassador with a portfolio accept­ these words if we are to understand we define it, but for us to sit here and ed by the Government of Nicaragua as the culture and the particular milieu commit our young into an enterprise our duly empowered envoy, which in and environment of the different that is not even understood, as we did international comity and law means countries because just like democracy before in these ventures into other that we recognize that government as means one thing to us, democracy parts of the world far removed, with the legal government of that country means certainly a different thing to undescribed reasons and causes. while at the same time our leader, the the Russian mind. But in light of their As a matter of fact, I want to refer President, is advertising for private historical and cultural development it to this present situation when the funding of supplies and armament to is their definition of democracy. President ordered the 82d Airborne be sent to these forces that we alone We called our next door southern down to Honduras. There was a have maintained in Honduras. The neighbor a democracy, but actually it column by Philip Geyelin on Tuesday, Honduran assembly has never once is a federal republic, but what would March 22, in the editorial page of the done anything but made pronuncia­ we think if we had our federal repub­ Post. He refers to the comments made mentos protesting the presence of lic with the power of the President to by the public information officer of American troops. remove municipal mayors, governors the 82d, and I think it is very, very sig­ Now why is it that our press doesn't of state and smaller choices? We nificant, because this is exactly what quote that? Even the most conserva­ would say, my God, we are not follow­ has happened all along, all the way tive newspaper in Tegucigalpa in 1982 ing our Constitution. Yet in central­ from Korea to Vietnam to Beirut, said, "We have lost everything, even ized federal republics like Mexico that where we had 241 marines slaugh­ our honor," referring to the fact that is exactly what can happen under tered, unnecessarily, needlessly, and we were occupying the country. their particular definition of a federal directly because of a Commander in Now the reason there is that Hondu­ republic form of government, Confed­ Chief who on an ideological basis dis­ ras has always been occupied and run eration of States, the United States of regarded over a period of 14 months by United Fruit. Now it is the big Mexico. That is the actual official title the united unanimous recommenda­ power, J. Peter Grace, who now heads of the Mexican Government. tion of the chief military experts of this great conglomerate that owns 0 1145 our country, the Joint Chiefs. what is now known as Standard Now, here is what public affairs offi­ Brands, United Fruit to anybody else, The Confederation of States, the cer, Maj. Mike Nason, said at the time that is actually influencing more than United States of Mexico, is the actual that they were announcing the expedi­ any one person the policy of this ad­ official title of the Mexican Govern­ tion of the 82d Airborne. He said: ministration with respect to Latin ment, just like in Russia the official America. It is mentalities like this bil­ title is the United Socialist Soviet [From the Washington Post, Mar. 22, 19881 lionaire that are defining what is a States, the same basic principle. ONE MORE FLABBY FLEXING OF U .8. MUSCLE Communist, what is a Communist ele­ The difference is that each one of communism. Well, no dinistas apparently move back across the wins, while the hapless Nicaraguan people, bomb, atomic or otherwise, can ever Honduran border and U.S. and Honduran combatants and noncombatants alike, con­ kill an idea. We will never, never con­ forces seem to be ready to wind up their 10- tinue to lose. day "training exercises," more than the quer what we call communism with usual openings for self-serving scapegoating Here is the important part: bombs, anymore than the imperial and point-scoring present themselves. Maybe at the highest echelons of govern­ Roman emperors could kill Christiani­ Thus, the White House finds it convenient ment they have a political reason for us to ty by throwing the Christians to the to hold Congress responsible for inviting the be here- lions and crucifying them or otherwise Sandinistas' "knockout blow"-always as­ He told reporters- suming it had anything more than a show killing them. It is the same thing of its own power in mind by shutting off aid. but we see it as a blessing in disguise. today. House Speaker Jim Wright blames the ad­ What he meant by a blessing in dis­ The only way anything, no matter ministration and Republican members for guise was that now they would be rec­ what "ism," whether it is the obverse, scuttling his contra aid package and argues ognized as having been shortchanged fascism or whatever you want to call that it was this that emboldened the Sandi­ in the last budgetary cutback because it, or communism, the only way to nistas' leadership. The administration, natu­ rally, credits its emergency troop deploy­ of an across-the-board cut in that con­ fight is to fight for social justice, ment for scaring the Sandinistas off. tinuing resolution last December 22, social justice. Get on the side of the For their part, critics of the president's which I did not vote for, incidentally, people. "training exercise" diplomacy can take cold mandated an across-the-board cut that Certainly our own origins ought to comfort from the storm of nationwide pro­ hit the 82d Airborne. show that there are times when op­ tests-the cries of "another Vietnam" and This is how we can get caught in our pression is of such a nature that there "another Lebanon"-for what that says own folly when we pursue courses of must be a Declaration of Independ­ about the limits that public opinion imposes on the use of American power. But when action that are contrarty to our laws, ence even if it means having to fight you consider the record of the past seven our Constitution. and die for it. How many of us today years, those analogies don't really work. One of the outstanding authors of are prepared to fight to the death to "Another Nicaragua" is analog enough for the last century on congressional gov­ preserve our liberties here at home? I what has happened in the past week-de­ ernment, Luce, in his first paragraph am not talking about somewhere else, spite all the war fever. said with respect to lawmakers: but here at home. It is not, after all, as if we had been condi­ The lawmaker must himself be the first to How can we when we act as if we do tioned to expect coherence, credibility or obey the law. constructive consequences from the Reagan not even recognize intrusions into administration in Central America. On the Every time we voted to the Contras, these liberties, and yet they are. contrary, what we have been witnessing is we were violating our own statutes. The President, for instance, on May depressingly familiar, down to the bootless We were violating our own treaties, 1, 1985, announced an embargo based argument over whether the Hondurans re­ which form an integral part of our on his pronouncement, according to quested U.S. help on their own initiative or corpus of laws, as the Constitution the Espionage Act of 1917, that Nica­ were strong-armed into asking for it. The of­ ficial account has it that Honduran Presi­ says. All treaties and laws become, and ragua posed an immediate and a clear dent Jose Azcona asked for unspecified "as­ treaties have the force of law. We danger to not only our national inter­ sistance" and was offered a menu, so to have been in violation of several of ests, but our safety. On the basis of speak, to choose from-today's specials, these treaties, some of them regional, that declaration, he had the power to which featured the 82nd Airborne, a unit of that we ourselves initiated. invoke an embargo, which he did as of combat helicopters or a squadron of jet We cannot, either privately, collec­ that date. fighters. tively or as public officials, violate Every year, every May thereafter, he He chose the "training exercise" because has come before us and announced it would be "spectacular"-and not, he in­ while we presume to be lawmakers the sisted, because "we don't feel capable of de­ very laws that we have passed. that he is extending that declaration fending ourselves." He explained that he There was a reason why the Con­ an additional year. He will do it again, just didn't want to "disparage" the help of a gress in 1973-74 passed the War I am sure, unless something miracu­ country like the United States. Powers Limitation Act. I happened to lous happens. I do not see it. March 24, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5117 I think the President is committed, death squads. They are the ones that The problem remains that the an­ as I said a year ago, as I said 2 years assassinated, and he had a hand in it, swers by those who are claiming victo­ ago, inexorably in a course that is cal­ Archbishop Romero in 1980. It was his ry in this last so-called election are culated to lead the United States into squads that killed the five American those that are in defiance of the a military intervention. I still say it. I nuns, the four Scandinavian reporters United States. D'Aubuisson is now a see nothing to remove that, because and several other Americans, and our nationalist and is actually claiming his the plans are there. Too much money CIA cheek-by-jowl with these individ­ victory, because he was appealing to has already been invested. The Presi­ uals, assassins. Because that is what the nationalist instinct of the Salva­ dent himself is out on a stake. He has the sorry record will show, murder will dorans, in other words, independence told us as of last year that he will not out, and that is a fact. I have been from the intrusion of North America. leave the Nicaraguan question-mean­ saying it since 1980 and 1981. That, to me, is certainly indicative of ing a Marxist-Leninist government­ That is no comfort to me, because I whatever it is we have invested, what­ for his successor. see this inexorable course of action ever it is that we have involved our­ So what does that mean? Well, all that this leader has embarked on, selves with, we are still far removed through history, and I think we in chosen by the American people, and from anything that we can interpret America are not used to this, just like whose term of office still continues during the period of assassinations in and will have the full power to act, as a victory from our concept. our country. It made me kind of un­ and I am saying that in these cases it Just a year ago this month, when ev­ popular to point out that these coun­ was contemplated under our system erything was being reported here that tries we consider very unstable, that this coequal, separate, and inde­ the so-called Farabundo Marti, or the Mexico, for instance; yes, maybe there pendent branch of the Government rebels in El Salvador, had been dis­ you could be guilty of a political assas­ would then rise to the occasion, serve persed, that Duarte had controlled sination, but not in America, and the interests of the American people, them, they attacked the biggest garri­ boom, we had John Kennedy in 1963. and counterbalance. Instead of that, it son up in that northeast province, kill­ Within a matter of a short period of has been yielding and succumbing. ing over 250 soldiers and the first time we had the assassination of All of that is fine and dandy, but the American military, and it was in bri­ Martin Luther King. We had the as­ most important things that have to do gade size. sassination of Robert Kennedy, and with our security continue to be unre­ Where did they come from? They then we had the attempted assassina­ lated and unreported. could not have done what they did tion of George Wallace and then Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, will the without having had the support of the President Ford himself, not once but gentleman yield? general populace or the peasantry in on more than two occasions. Mr. GONZALEZ. I am certainly glad that area. What I am saying is that we Now, in Mexico you have not had a to yield to the gentleman, my col­ may be satisfied by what we call an political assassination since 1923. league from Pennsylvania. election, but, again, we are interpret­ Now, some of us are very sensitive Mr. GEKAS. I thank the gentleman ing elections from our experience. because of the background of our fam­ for yielding. That process is totally unknown ilies, and therefore we are sensitive to Before the gentleman leaves the sub­ down there. I know what I am telling human personalities that all through ject of El Salvador, as the gentleman the gentleman. history, even in our own history-re­ will recall, I never fail to seize the op­ Mr. GEKAS. I do not doubt the gen­ member, we have had our Aaron Burrs portunity to exchange some discussion tleman. and we have our Alexander Haigs who with him during these special orders. Mr. GONZALEZ. The Nicaraguans are in that vein. I have no quarrel with the gentle­ in November 1984 had what they President Reagan, as Shakespeare man's feelings as he is expressing called an election, and they had vari­ says: them about the rancor that is caused ous parties represented. They had the Of what meat doth he eat? What think by the existence in the past, and per­ Marxist-Leninist, they had the out­ you, that through base spaniel fawning or haps even of the present, of the death and-out Socialists, they had the inde­ obeisance you can melt or soften the blood squads in El Salvador. I do believe pendents, and they had about a total of that Caesar? that we ought to, as a body, hail the of six. So I say the problem right now is fact that duly conducted elections in When they counted the votes, the what are you going to do with 20,000 El Salvador, regardless of the result, winners in what they called their first or 25,000 of these Contras that we sup­ must be continued to be monitored, constitutional election, and they had port and we still have to do something and which we must continue to have a observers from all over the place, and about? Honduras does not want them. watchful eye, nevertheless, should be we questioned it, President Reagan I do not know, maybe this is an agree­ a source of satisfaction to us, that the questioned the validity of that elec­ ment they can reach with the Nicara­ elections were held, No. 1 and, No. 2, tion, but the fact is that in many re­ guans. I do not know. All I do know is that the Duarte government in place now, even though it might have more spects it was a lot more open than this, that we had better start studying even the Salvadoran election. When a little bit more, and as one of the loyal opposition opponents than ever it did before, we must give them the they counted the votes and all, they predecessor speakers this morning declared the present government in said, we better start developing long­ benefit of the doubt. range policies. Well, of course, that is I know the gentleman down deep power. They had for the first time fine to think of, but we cannot confine agrees that that is the proposition what they called a duly elected Presi­ if we are to intervene unilaterally in that underlies our basic American po­ dent and other officials of the govern­ Nicaragua, we will never confine it to sition in that quarter. ment, and the junta went out. Nicaragua. The whole region is in Mr. GONZALEZ. Not really. No, sir. From the standpoint of our tradi­ flames. I have an entirely different interpreta­ tions of elections, it is a far different tion. cry. We are not talking about the same 0 1200 As in the case of the Contras in Hon­ thing. In El S~lvador, here is D'Aubuisson, duras, actually, Napoleon Duarte is Mr. GEKAS. If the gentleman will who was received as a hero by the so­ considered to be our man that we in­ yield, I understand that. called conservative forces in Washing­ stalled. The elections that were first Mr. GONZALEZ. As the gentleman ton, DC, a hero, yet he is the one that held a few years ago we sponsored, we knows, in Russia they have 99 percent in Spanish said, "You bet, I am proud paid every penny of the cost of those voting. They called it free elections of the escuadrones de gloria," the glo­ elections, including the cost of over but actually not in our terms, because rious squads. This is what we call the 100 observers. you can only have official candidates. 5118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 24, 1988 You cannot have a real party opposi­ representative of what we initiated ercising his right in defending Ameri­ tion. several decades ago. can lives and interests in Santo Do­ We have got to be careful that we do In other words, we went to the Orga­ mingo. not make the mistake of thinking that nization of American States and said, We have never done that since 1980, because it seems that they are follow- "Hey, look, you have got to say some­ and that is the first time I ever spoke . ing the trappings and the external ac­ thing both about this incursion as well here was April 1, 1980. Jimmy Carter tivities and processes of what we con­ as this election of the duly constituted was President and they were sending sider to be an integral part of an elec­ president or leader in Panama." And advisers to El Salvador. tive and a free franchise, universal the Organization of American States I had two constituents .that were in franchise election such as we are ac­ said, "No, we are not, because that is the first contingent that went down customed to, I must remind the gentle­ meddling in the internal affairs of there, and they called me, and they man just 100 years ago we did not that country." wanted to know why the American have it either. Mr. GEKAS. I understand. Embassy employees were getting haz­ We had elections that were restrict­ Mr. GONZALEZ. I will guarantee ardous duty pay and were traveling in ed to property owners. Nobody who you that 15 years ago I remember armored cars, and they did not even did not own property could vote. We when President Johnson ordered the have a side arm to protect themselves had indentured servants that were in­ troops into Santo Domingo. I remem­ with. dentured, and this was at the time of ber as if it were today. One night, and the Civil War. In fact, Texas and the I think it was in May, and it had been 0 1215 Western States were populated by in­ a sultry day, and I had gone out to the And it was the same thing. I said to dentured servants that jumped their canal, and I came back. I looked, and I myself, "My gosh, we have learned indenture. saw that the office lights were on, and it was around 8:30-8:45 p.m. I noticed nothing.'' This was what a little For us to say that we had the same that the little secretary was still there. airman told me in May 1963. It was kind of electoral activity 100 years ago I said, "What are you doing?" She not Ronald Reagan, it was President as we have today would be to make a said, "The President has been calling." Kennedy then, In 1980 it was Presi­ similar comparison to what these later She said, "You have to call the White dent Carter. arrived countries that these processes House, operator 18." So I called. The I said-I could not get to the Presi­ were going through. We cannot equate President himself answered, and he dent, he was not too accessible either. them at all. That is the only basis that said, "Henry, I just called to tell you So finally the son of a constituent who I disagree. that the newspapers in the morning happened to be in military intelligence I think the gentleman and I would will be full of stories, and I am just stationed in Panama, came up, sought find it insulting to have anybody say calling to tell you that I know what I me out, told me very disturbing things that we were treacherous or that we am doing. I am not about to let a Com­ about what was going to happen in El would give aid and comfort to the en­ munist Castro force take over, and I Salvador before the end of the month. emies of our country. I think the gen­ am going to protect American proper­ I said, "Well, look, I am not an expert. tleman and I want the same thing, and ty and lives. But I do not want in the I do not belong to the committee. that is, one, the integrity and the pres­ morning to have you running off and What do you want me to do?" He said, ervation of the American interest. We some of my other friends from Texas "Can't you reach somebody over in the have great stakes in our front porch with the press after you asking you to State Department to tell them that and back porch, and there is no ques­ make comments and making it look as this is entirely different from Nicara­ tion about that. if I am invading unnecessarily. I do gua?" Remember this was 1979; the I think our difference is how do we not want to have you running off like Sandinistas had just proclamed victory approach this the best way to ensure a goat on a hill at the sound of a gun­ that June, I believe. This was in that our best interests in the long shot." August, or maybe it was in September term are not weakened physically. So I said, "Mr. President, I do not 1979. What he was telling me was that We can stop to ponder, suppose that know what you are talking about." He this junta or this government that is through our aid, and even with our said, "Well, you will find out about it. in Salvador is going to be thrown out military, the Contras did come in and I just want you to be alerted." by the end of the month. That was physically take over Nicaragua. There Of course, as a matter of fact, no when Duarte was exiled. is no question from every report that press called me at all, but the next I was absolutely in awe when, sure has emanated from every person morning, yes, the invasion of Santo enough, by the end of that month the present there, from all kinds of levels, Domingo, and American property and newspapers reported that that govern­ from the Vatican to the various West­ lives apparently were being jeopard­ ment was out. ern governments, that they would not ized, and more importantly, there were So then I tried to get hold of people be able to rule unless they implanted some forces that seemed to be at the over in the State Department; I could themselves and our troops were there. behest and call of Fidel Castro. not. I tried to get hold of some people Then the whole region would be, be­ He then, later that week, had a close to the President; I could not. cause when the news came out, when briefing, because he was very accessi­ So then I took the floor for the first was it, last week, the week before, that ble, and he said, "Look, I called the time, and I invite the gentleman to the Nicaraguan armed services or OAS President, and I said, 'Look, I look at that REcORD, because I said whatever had invaded Honduras, we, want to have your imprimatur.'" He what I fear is that in a matter of for the first time, went to the Organi­ did not use the word "imprimatur." months, maybe 3 at the most, if we zation of American States, and you Mr. G EKAS. In other words, his ac­ continue unilaterally, we ought to know what they did. They repudiated. knowledgment. really be doing this at least with some They would not pass a similar resolu­ Mr. GONZALEZ. The sanction of kind of aegis of the Organization of tion to the one we passed last week the OAS. Then he turned around, and American States; then if they turn us with respect to Panama. I am not going to say, not because I down and our national interests are at That means to me that what I think I will be violating privity, but in stake, well there is nothing in interna­ feared the most 8 years ago has come very salty, earthy terms, he described tional law that prevents you from to pass, and that it is going to take a how obtuse the president of the OAS acting for your own security. lot of work for us to forge again that was and how he kind of had to per­ Mr. GEKAS. I thank the gentleman. moral suasiveness power of leadership suade him. He did. If we look back, If the gentleman would yield I simply which is so important with this organi­ you will see that the OAS went along want to underscore what I gather zation that is regional, but which is and agreed that the President was ex- from the gentleman's remarks, that March 24, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5119 when it is proper to do so, American tleman is saying to what we are trying Mr. GEKAS. I say-I acknowledge national interests would demand to do with the Contras. that it is indigenous in El Salvador. I action on the part of our Government. Mr. GONZALEZ. No, on the con­ acknowledge that the rebels there are Mr. GONZALEZ. Absolutely. trary; the Sandinistas conducted their Salvadorans. I acknowledge that they Mr. GEKAS. In that regard with re­ rebellion in Nicaragua against Somoza. are of the soil. And I say that the Con­ spect to El Salvador, if we see that the The Contras have been hiding out in tras in Nicaragua are of the same ilk rebels there who will not negotiate or Honduras and using that as a base to in their native land. will not do anything but stay recalci­ make incursions into Nicaragua. I thank the gentleman. tant as they are, if they constitute a Mr. GEKAS. But the gentleman will danger we must support that Govern­ agree they are indigenous to the ment of El Salvador, no matter the blood, to the soil of Nicaragua, the SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED elections turn out in a democratic way. Contras are. By unanimous consent, permission Mr. GONZALEZ. If the gentleman Mr. GONZALEZ. No. to address the House, following the will let me comment at that point-­ Mr. GEKAS. The campesinos. legislative program and any special Mr. GEKAS. Well, I will end my Mr. GONZALEZ. Not entirely. orders heretofore entered, was granted part and then if the gentleman does Mr. GEKAS. Well, the gentleman is to: not mind-- not going to insist that entirely the

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31 , 1987

Date Per diem 1 Transportation Other purposes Total U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dolla r Name of Member or employee Country Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency• currency• currency • currency •

Joseph Wolfe, staff ...... 10/4 10/10 Switzerland ...... 1,176.00 ...... 1,176.00 Commercial transportation ...... 2,721 .00 ...... 2,721.00 ~~now~ ~~::Oof~:~ ·Mc :::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::: : : : :::: : :::::: ~~~~~ ~~m ~~e~;~~ ~~::::: : :: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : : : : : :: : ::::: :::::: :: :: :: : :::::: ~~~ : ~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::: 29~.;~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::···········165:67 .. :::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 . ~~~ : ~~ 11/26 11/29 France ...... 690.00 ...... 690.00 Howa~il~~:n:Mrt~~~~~:::::::: ::: ::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::::: .... 11/24...... 11/26 .... · swi~e~iand :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::: .... ::·········.. 392:oo· ·:::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 ·m : ~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::·· .. ·· ... 165:67 .. :::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 'm : ~~ 11/26 11/28 France ...... 460.00 ...... 460.00 Hamu~m:~~ij~ ..tr~c~~~~ -i-~~ .::::::::::::::::::: : : : : : :::::::::: : ::: .. ··11/23" ···········11126···· · sv.:i-~eilaiid" :: :::::::::::: :: : : : ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .. ·········5iiii:oa··:::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 · m : ~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... 165:67 .. :::::::::::::::::::::::: i:m:~~ 11/26 11/30 France ...... 920.00 ...... 920.00 Military transportation...... 2,618.26 ...... 2,618.26 Carlos~=~:a~~~~i-~ ~.:::::::::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::····11/ 2 3 """ """""""11/ 26 """" " sw i~e~iand" ::::: : ::: ::::::: : ::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :::::: : ::······ · ·· · · 5iiii : oo ··::::::: :: ::::::::::::::: 2 'm : ~; ::::::::::::::::::::::::····.. ... 165:67"":::::::::::::::::::::::: un : ~~ 11/26 11/ 29 France ...... 690.00 ...... 690.00 Henry ~~li~y~~r~~~-~~~ ~~ ::::::: ::::::::::::::: : ::::: ::: ::::::: :::::::·· ·· 11 / 23 ...... 11/26 .... · Swi.~eiland :::::::::: : :::::::: ::: :: : :::::::::: : ::::::::::::: :: :::::::::::::: : :::::::::::: :::··· ········ saii : oo ··:::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 ' m : ~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::···· ..... 165:67.. :::::::...... ~ : m : ~~ 11!26 11 / 29 France ...... 690.00 ...... 690.00 Micha:n~:~n~~:S~J~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::···· 1 1/ 23 """"""""""11" ..... " sw i~"eila n d": :: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::: :::::: : ::: :: :::::::::::::: :::::::: .. ·········5iiii:oo··::::············ .. ···"· 5 ' m : ~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::···········165:67":::::::::::::::::::::::: tm : ~~ 11/26 11 . France...... 920.00 ...... 920.00 Virgin~s:~~i::ag~~~~-i.~~ .:::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .. ··11!2"i ...... 11/26 ..... swiiZe~iand:::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: ::::: ::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: :::::::: : :: ...... 9iio:oo··:::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 ~~ : ~L :::::::::::::::: ·:::····· · ···· ··· 1 65 : 6 7":::::: :::::::::: :::::::: W~ : ~ ~ 11/26 11 /30 France ...... 920.00 ...... 920.00 Commercial transportation ...... 3,887.00 ...... 3,887.00 Thomas Mooney, staff...... 11/23 11/26 Switzerland ...... :::::::: ...... :...... : ...... 588.00 .::::::::::::::::::::::: 259.95 ...... 165.67 1,013.62 11/26 11 / 28 France...... 460.00 ...... 460.00 Military transportation ...... 315.88 ...... 315.88 Commercial transportation ...... 3,887 .00 ...... 3,887.00 Committee total...... 12,291 .50 38,410.48 ...... 1,325.36 ...... 52,027.34

1 Per diem constitutes lodging andmeals . 2 If foreig ncurrency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. 3 No transportation expenses. PETERW . ROD INO, JR., Chairman.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31 , 1987

Date Per diem1 Transportation Other purposes Total U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Name of Member or employee Country Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure cu rrency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency• currency 2 currency• currency •

Joan M. Bondareff ...... 10/18 10/23 England ...... 855.00 • 2,347.00 ...... • 70.00 ...... 3,272.00 Hon. Jim Bunning, MC...... 12!11 12/13 Nicaragua ...... 306.00 ...... (") ...... 306.00 Rebecca L Feemster...... 12/7 12/12 Switzerland ...... 805.00 ...... 3 2,139.00 ...... 2,944.00 James K. McCallum...... 10/4 10/6 Taiwan ...... 424.00 ...... 424.00 9/30 10/4 Japan ...... • 8.46 ...... 6 69.58 ···················· ···· 78.04 Rodney H. Moore ...... 10/4 10/6 Taiwan ...... 424.00 ...... 424.00 9/30 10/4 Japan ...... • 8.46 ...... 6 69.58 ...... 78.04 Jeffrey Pike ...... 10/4 42 4 9/30 l~~~ r::~~.:::::::::::::::::::: ::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::...... ~ : ~~ .. :::: :::::::::::::: .. ::::··············a:47"::::::::::::::::::::::::········· ·ii·s9:59"":::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: : ~~ Usa Pittman...... 10/18 10/23 England ...... 1,026.00 ...... 3 2,347.00 ...... • 80.00 ...... 3,453.00 Committee total ...... 4,264.00 ...... 7,008.39 ...... 208.75 ...... 11,481.14

1 Per diem constitutes lodging and meals. 2 11 foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. 3 Commercial air transportation. • Ground transportation. • Transportation prGYided by military aircraft. 8 Miscellaneous expenses. WALTER B. JONES, Chairman, Mar. 2, 1988. March 24, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5121 EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ment of municipal incinerator ash; to the By Mrs. BENTLEY <2>; 28 U.S.C. 2412<5>; to By Mr. RIDGE (for himself, Mrs. H.J. Res. 518. Joint resolution designating the Committee on the Judiciary. BOXER, Mr. BRYANT, Mr. MOORHEAD, the week of September 25, 1988 as "Reli­ 3215. A letter from the Secretary of Agri­ Mr. YATRON, Mr. HYDE, Mr. HORTON, gious Freedom Week"; to the Committee on culture, transmitting the annual report cov­ Mr. SWINDALL, Mr. MONTGOMERY, Mr. Post Office and Civil Service. ering the major accomplishments of the MURPHY, Mr. FLIPPO, Mr. HUNTER, By Mr. DELLUMS: Forest Service for fiscal year 1987, pursuant Mr. DORNAN of California, Mr. BIL­ H. Res. 413. Resolution expressing the to 16 U.S.C. 1674; jointly, to the Commit­ BRAY, Mrs. VucANOVICH, Mr. LAGo­ sense of the House that the Governor of the tees on Agriculture and Interior and Insular MARSINO, Mr. DENNY SMITH, Mr. State of California, or the California State Affairs. RoBERT F. SMITH, Mr. OxLEY, Mr. Parole Board, or both, should take actions 3216. A letter from the Secretary of SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. WoRTLEY, within their power to bring about the imme­ Transportation, transmitting the Depart­ Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. BARTON of Texas, diate release from prison of Elmer "Gerol)i­ ment's report, "Use of Controlled Sub­ Mr. SoLOMON, Mr. ScHUETTE, Mr. mo" Pratt; to the Committee on the Judici­ stances and Highway Safety," pursuant to RITTER, Mr. GALLO, Mr. CHENEY, Mr. ary. 23 U.S.C. 403 notes jointly, to the Commit­ BuNNING, Mr. PETRI, Mr. CoBLE, Mr. tees on Public Works and Transportation INHOFE, Mr. HANSEN, Mr. ROBINSON, and Energy and Commerce. Mr. LEWIS Of Florida, Mr. DELAY, ADDITIONAL SPONSORS Mr. RoE, Mr. TAUKE, Mr. PACKARD, Mr. CALLAHAN, Mr. HOLLOWAY, Mr. Under clause 4 of rule XXII, spon­ HERGER, Mr. ROWLAND Of Connecti­ sors were added to public bills and res­ PUBLIC BILLS AND cut, Mr. CoMBEST, Mr. BouLTER, Mr. olutions as follows: RESOLUTIONS COATS, Mr. DERRICK, Mr. MACK, Mr. H.R. 341: Mr. SHUMWAY. Under clause 5 of rule X and clause ERDREICH, Mrs. PATTERSON, Mr. H.R. 1213: Mr. MANTON. HARRIS, Mrs. BENTLEY, Mr. CHAPMAN, H.R. 1815: Mr. MATSUI and Mr. FAUNTROY. 4 of rule XXII, public bills and resolu­ Mr. BEVILL, Mr. UPTON, Mr. LIPIN­ H.R. 1957: Mr. THOMAS of California, Mr. tions were introduced and severally re­ SKI, Mr. JoHNSON of South Dakota, HEFLEY, Mr. RowLAND of Georgia, and Mr. ferred as follows: Mr. SHUMWAY, Mr. DONALD E. MOODY. By Mr. AuCOIN Indiana, Mr. SCHAEFER, H.J. Res. 452: Mr. MACK. duction under the Balanced Budget and Mr. GEKAS, Mr. SPRATT, Mrs. SAIKI, H.J. Res. 459: Mr. DicKs, Mr. GUNDERSON, Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985; to Mr. WoLF, Mr. THOMAS of Georgia, Mr. KoNNYU, Mr. DoNNELLY, Mr. GRANT, the Committee on Banking, Finance and Mr. DE LUGO, Mr. HOWARD, and Mr. Mr. SPRATT, Mr. PETRI, Mr. ScHEUER, Mr. Urban Affairs. GALLEGLY): GUARINI, Mr. RAVENEL, Mr. LEVIN Of Michi­ By Mrs. BENTLEY: H.R. 4257. A bill to prevent the mailing of gan, Mrs. BOGGS, Mr. COUGHLIN, Ms. H.R. 4251. A bill to extend the deadline of unsolicited sexually oriented advertise­ KAPTUR, Mr. McDADE, Mr. BAKER, Mr. CLAY, destroying chemical weapons; to the Com­ ments, and for other purposes; jointly, to Mr. CoYNE, Mr. CoNTE, Mr. MoAKLEY, Mr. mittee on Armed Services. the Committees on Post Office and Civil GINGRICH, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. FOLEY, and Mr. By Mr. CRAIG : in certain rail transactions, and for other H.J. Res. 496: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. MANTON, H.R. 4255. A bill to amend the Solid Waste purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Mrs. PATTERSON, Mr. STARK, and Mr. TRAFI­ Disposal Act to provide for the safe manage- Commerce. CANT. 5122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 2.4, 1988 H.J. Res. 497: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. MANTON, H.J. Res. 499: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. MANTON, H.J. Res. 504: Mr. TRAFICANT, Mr. HERTEL, Mrs. PATI'ERSON, Mr. STARK, and Mr. TRAFI­ Mrs. PATTERSON, Mr. STARK, and Mr. TRAFI­ Mr. TRAXLER, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. FuSTER, CANT. CANT. Mr. OWENS of New York, Mr. ROWLAND of H.J. Res. 498: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. MANTON, H.J. Res. 500: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. MANTON, Connecticut, Mr. SKELTON, and Mrs. LLoYD. Mrs. PATI'ERSON, Mr. STARK, and Mr. TRAFI­ Mrs. PATTERSON, Mr. STARK, and Mr. TRAFI­ H. Con. Res. 254: Mr. MACKAY, Mr. LAGO­ CANT. CANT. MARSINO, Ms. OAKAR, Mr. SKAGGS, Mr. CHAP­ H.J. Res. 503: Mr. MORRISON of Washing­ MAN, Mr. GARCIA, Mrs. BOXER, and Mr. BAR­ ton. NARD.