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Winkelman Natural Resources Conservation District 2012 Field

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Winkelman Natural Resources Conservation District 2012 Field Winkelman Natural Resources Conservation District 2012 Field Report Submitted to the Winkelman Natural Resource Conservation District by: The Natural Resources Conservation Service – Tucson Field Office; Major Author: Katie E. Cline – Rangeland Management Specialist Board Accepted: October 17, 2012 WNRCD Page 1 of 141 2012 Field Report Special Thanks… Special thanks are warranted to specific individuals that contributed to the completion of this document. Their input of informational knowledge, specifics, statistics, references and/or editing that was included in this Filed Report helps portray the Winkelman Natural Resources Conservation District in the most accurate way possible. Winkelman NRCD Board of Directors William Dunn – Chairperson Gary Vinson – Supervisor Peter Else – Supervisor Diana Manning – Supervisor Gale Manning – Supervisor Vicki France – Clerk Thank You: Amy Humphrey; Bureau of Land Management, Safford Field Office; Rangeland Management Specialist Ben Brochu; Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson; 37B Game Manager Chris Haynes; USDA – NRCS, Tucson Field Office; Soil Conservationist Chuck Duncan; USDA – Forest Service, Safford Ranger District; Rangeland Management Specialist Diana Iming; The Nature Conservancy, Tucson; Protection Information Manager Heather Dial; USDA – NRCS Tucson Plant Materials Center; Assistant Plant Material Center Manager Jim Heffelfinger; Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson; Tucson Regional Game Specialist John Windes; Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson; Wildlife Habitat Program Manager Kristen Egen; USDA – NRCS, Tucson Field Office; District Conservationist Larry Humphrey; Retired DOI – Bureau of Land Management, Safford Field Office; Fire Manager Mark Pater; DOI – Bureau of Land Management, Safford Field Office; Fire Ecologist Stephen Williams – Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix; Natural Resources Division Director W. Walter Meyer and Frances Meyer; Flying U W Ranch William Sommers – Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix; Range Resource Area Manager Throughout this document; it may be conspicuous that some sections include information that is somewhat vague or not given entirely. It is expected that specific projects that have occurred within the District boundaries was also not elaborated on; lack of time and information is a result for project non‐ inclusion into this report. Information from outside parties was sought in the formation of this updated Field Report but either was ignored or not given entirely. Information included in these sections is derived from the most reliable and accurate documentation that is available from libraries, the internet, books and historical accounts. WNRCD Page 2 of 141 2012 Field Report Contents SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 6 Overview of Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 6 District History .............................................................................................................................................. 8 District Land Status ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Revenue ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 District Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Resource Concerns ...................................................................................................................................... 11 SECTION 2: DISTRICT OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 13 Physical Description .................................................................................................................................... 13 Geology ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Soils ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Climate Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 15 Precipitation ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Temperature ............................................................................................................................................... 15 District Climate – By Region ........................................................................................................................ 15 38 – Mogollon Transition ............................................................................................................................ 20 40 – Sonoran Basin and Range .................................................................................................................... 21 41 – Southeastern Arizona Basin and Range .............................................................................................. 21 Slope Classifications .................................................................................................................................... 22 SECTION 3: HISTORICAL LAND USE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 23 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Paleoindian Period (10000‐7500 B.C.). ....................................................................................................... 26 Archaic Period (7500 B.C.‐2100 B.C.). ......................................................................................................... 26 Early Agricultural Period (2100 B.C.‐A.D. 1) ................................................................................................ 26 Early Ceramic Period (A.D. 1‐A.D. 450) ....................................................................................................... 27 Hohokam Sequence (A.D. 450‐1450). ......................................................................................................... 27 Protohistoric Period (A.D. 1450‐1700). ....................................................................................................... 28 SECTION 4: DISTRICT RESOURCES ............................................................................................................. 36 Mapping and Survey Information ............................................................................................................... 36 Land Unit Considerations ............................................................................................................................ 36 Land Allocation ........................................................................................................................................... 37 Coordinated Resource Management .......................................................................................................... 39 Ecological Site Information ......................................................................................................................... 40 WNRCD Page 3 of 141 Table of Contents SECTION 5: DISTRICT RESOURCE CONCERNS AND RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS ........................................ 42 Quality Criteria ............................................................................................................................................ 44 Soil Erosion .................................................................................................................................................. 44 Soil Condition .............................................................................................................................................. 49 Water Quantity ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Water Quality .............................................................................................................................................. 54 Water Quality – Environmental Sites .......................................................................................................... 55 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................................... 56 Air Quality – District Concerns .................................................................................................................... 56 Classifications and Observations. ............................................................................................................... 58 Wildlife – Game Species .............................................................................................................................. 60 Animal – Fish and Wildlife Water: .............................................................................................................
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