DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Submitted Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Submitted Thesis "We Were Recruited From the Warriors of Many Famous Nations," Cultural Preservation: U.S. Army Western Apache Scouts, 1871-1947 Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Barbone, Paul Joseph Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 13:28:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193387 “WE WERE RECRUITED FROM THE WARRIORS OF MANY FAMOUS NATIONS,” CULTURAL PRESERVATION: U. S. ARMY WESTERN APACHE SCOUTS, 1871-1947 by Paul J. Barbone __________________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Paul Joseph Barbone APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: Roger L. Nichols May 10, 2010 Roger L. Nichols Date Professor of History and American Indian Studies 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While this thesis began because of my interest in Apache history and culture, its completion came about because of the help and support of numerous people. First, I would like to thank my committee members. Dr. Benedict Colombi thanks for your support and encouragement. Dr. Nancy Parezo thanks for all your help during my time at AIS. Dr. Tsianina Lomawaima your insights and guidance have been greatly appreciated. Dr. Roger Nichols, you deserve special thanks for all your patience and understanding. Your advice, both scholarly and professionally, has been of great help. I hope I didn’t push you towards retirement any sooner. Behind the scenes, but not forgotten, have been Sara Heitshu from the UA library and the staff of AIS. Thank you all for your help. I must also thank my friends at Nohwike' Bagowa, the White Mountain Apache Cultural Center and Museum at Fort Apache, Arizona. Dr. Karl Hoerig thanks for your introductions, suggestions, hospitality, and the interesting conversations on the road. Beverly Malone and J.T. thank you for sharing you stories and time with me. I hope to continue telling the scout’s story to others on your behalf. From the Ft. Huachuca Museum at Ft. Huachuca, Arizona, a special thanks to Steve Gregory. Finally, I owe a very special thanks to my fellow AIS graduate students. You have helped make learning fun, especially with our discussions on Fridays. To a very special few, AR, MG, CW, and MB, thanks for being there. I hope our friendship continues long beyond graduate school. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................................................................................6 ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................8 Research.................................................................................................................10 Thesis Organization...............................................................................................19 CHAPTER 2: APACHEANS IN THE GREATER SOUTHWEST..................................24 Ways of Life..........................................................................................................27 Raiding and Warfare..............................................................................................31 CHAPTER 3: COLONIZATION......................................................................................36 Spanish Colonization.............................................................................................36 Slave Trade....................................................................................................38 Mexican Colonization............................................................................................40 Bounties.........................................................................................................41 CHAPTER 4: AMERICAN MILITARIZATION.............................................................43 Federal Indian Policy.............................................................................................48 Indians and the Army.............................................................................................51 Indians as Scouts....................................................................................................54 CHAPTER 5: FT. APACHE.............................................................................................59 Camp Grant Massacre............................................................................................62 General George Crook and the Apache Scouts......................................................64 CHAPTER 6: SAN CARLOS INDIAN RESERVATION...............................................75 Indian Police..........................................................................................................79 Battle of Cibecue Creek.........................................................................................83 Geronimo Campaign of 1880s...............................................................................86 CHAPTER 7: THE END OF AN ERA.............................................................................93 Official Uniform....................................................................................................95 General Order No. 28.............................................................................................99 The Wage Economy.............................................................................................103 CHAPTER 8: TWENTIETH CENTURY.......................................................................112 Punitive Expedition..............................................................................................112 The Final Years at Ft. Apache.............................................................................117 Ft. Huachuca........................................................................................................123 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION........................................................................................137 APPENDIX A: ARIZONA MILITARY POSTS..........................................................................143 APPENDIX B: SCOUTS ASSIGNED TO FT. APACHE & SAN CARLOS, 1873-1916..........145 APPENDIX C: APACHE SCOUT PAYROLL ROSTER, 1917..................................................146 APPENDIX D: IRB APPROVAL.................................................................................................147 APPENDIX E: IRB EXTENSION...............................................................................................148 APPENDIX F: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS................................................................................149 REFERENCES................................................................................................................151 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS: Map 1 Western Apache subtribal groups...............................................................25 Map 2 Western Apache subtribal and constituent bands.......................................26 Map 3 Apacheria....................................................................................................29 Map 4 U.S. Army Posts: Arizona Territory...........................................................45 Map 5 Crook’s Mexican Campaigns.....................................................................90 FIGURES: Fig. 1 Indian Scout Hat Cords................................................................................95 Fig. 2 Indian Scout Insignia, 1891.........................................................................95 Fig. 3 Scout Flag (Revised scout insignia)............................................................96 Fig. 4 General Order No. 28 Scout numbers.......................................................100 Fig. 5 1935 Indian Scout roster............................................................................130 PHOTOGRAPHS: Photo 1 General Crook and Alchesay....................................................................70 Photo 2 San Carlos Guardhouse, 1880..................................................................80 Photo 3 Clum’s San Carlos Police.........................................................................81 Photo 4 Apache scout dressed for war...................................................................97
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Channel Changes of the Gila River in Safford Valley, Arizona 1846-1970
    Channel Changes of the Gila River in Safford Valley, Arizona 1846-1970 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 655-G Channel Changes of the Gila River in Safford Valley, Arizona 1846-1970 By D. E. BURKHAM GILA RIVER PHREATOPHYTE PROJECT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 655-G UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1972 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 2401-2065 CONTENTS Page Abstract.__________________________________________ Gl Flood-plain reconstruction, 1918-70_-______-__--_--___ G12 Introduction.___--_____-----_-__________-_-______-_ 1 Sediment inflow._________--_-______---____---__ 12 Development process____________________________ 13 Characteristics of the study reach___-_-_________---___ 3 Stream-channel development _________________ 13 Data sources. ______________________________________ 4 Alluvial-fan development-___________________ 14 Gila River before 1875__--- ---_-----------_-----_ 4 Rates of sediment accretion._____________________ 15 Gila River from 1875 to 1970 ____-__--___.-_-_-_-__-_ 5 Influence of wide flood channel and low-flow Stream-channel widening, 1905-17-___________________ 7 rates.___-_-___--___-------__----------_- 19 Influence of stream-channel treatment practices Factors and mechanics involved._-_--_____-__-__- 7 and flood-plain vegetation.________________ 19 Major floods and grazing-___________________ 7 Influence of flood-plain cultivation.___________ 21 Flood-plain vegetation and cultivation _________ Changes in stream-channel length and slope._______ 21 Hydrologic implications.____________________________ 22 Effects of stream-channel widening on stream Summary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wrath of Cochise: the Bascom Affair and the Origins of the Apache Wars Free Ebook
    FREETHE WRATH OF COCHISE: THE BASCOM AFFAIR AND THE ORIGINS OF THE APACHE WARS EBOOK Terry Mort | 352 pages | 17 Apr 2014 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9781472110923 | English | London, United Kingdom Review: 'The Wrath of Cochise: The Bascom Affair and the Origins of the Apache Wars,' by Terry Mort The Wrath of Cochise: The Bascom Affair and the Origins of the Apache Wars (English Edition) eBook: Mort, Terry, : Kindle Store. Bascom Affair Main article: Bascom Affair Open war with the Chiricahua Apaches had begun in , when Cochise, one of their chiefs, was accused by the Army of kidnapping an year-old Mexican boy, Felix Ward, stepson of Johnny Ward, later known as Mickey Free. The Bascom Massacre was a confrontation between Apache Indians and the United States Army under Lt. George Nicholas Bascom in the Arizona Territory in early It has been considered to have directly precipitated the decades-long Apache Wars between the United States and several tribes in the southwestern United States. Bascom affair Get this from a library! The wrath of Cochise: [the Bascom affair and the origins of the Apache wars]. [T A Mort] -- In February , the twelve- year-old son of Arizona rancher John Ward was kidnapped by Apaches. Ward followed their trail and reported the incident to patrols at Fort Buchanan, blaming a band of. The tale starts off in with Apaches attacking the John Ward ranch in the Sonoita Valley in Southern Arizona. Ward goes to Fort Buchanan to complain. The Army sends 2nd Lt. George Bascom and a patrol out to find the perpetrators.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona SAR Hosts First Grave Marking FALL 2018 Vol
    FALL 2018 Vol. 113, No. 2 Q Orange County Bound for Congress 2019 Q Spain and the American Revolution Q Battle of Alamance Q James Tilton: 1st U.S. Army Surgeon General Arizona SAR Hosts First Grave Marking FALL 2018 Vol. 113, No. 2 24 Above, the Gen. David Humphreys Chapter of the Connecticut Society participated in the 67th annual Fourth of July Ceremony at Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, 20 Connecticut; left, the Tilton Mansion, now the University and Whist Club. 8 2019 SAR Congress Convenes 13 Solid Light Reception 20 Delaware’s Dr. James Tilton in Costa Mesa, California The Prison Ship Martyrs Memorial Membership 22 Arizona’a First Grave Marking 14 9 State Society & Chapter News SAR Travels to Scotland 24 10 2018 SAR Annual Conference 16 on the American Revolution 38 In Our Memory/New Members 18 250th Series: The Battle 12 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Alamance 46 When You Are Traveling THE SAR MAGAZINE (ISSN 0161-0511) is published quarterly (February, May, August, November) and copyrighted by the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, 809 West Main Street, Louisville, KY 40202. Periodicals postage paid at Louisville, KY and additional mailing offices. Membership dues include The SAR Magazine. Subscription rate $10 for four consecutive issues. Single copies $3 with checks payable to “Treasurer General, NSSAR” mailed to the HQ in Louisville. Products and services advertised do not carry NSSAR endorsement. The National Society reserves the right to reject content of any copy. Send all news matter to Editor; send the following to NSSAR Headquarters: address changes, election of officers, new members, member deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am
    American Indian Law Review Volume 35 | Number 1 1-1-2010 Values in Transition: The hirC icahua Apache from 1886-1914 John W. Ragsdale Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Other History Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation John W. Ragsdale Jr., Values in Transition: The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am. Indian L. Rev. (2010), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol35/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VALUES IN TRANSITION: THE CHIRICAHUA APACHE FROM 1886-1914 John W Ragsdale, Jr.* Abstract Law confirms but seldom determines the course of a society. Values and beliefs, instead, are the true polestars, incrementally implemented by the laws, customs, and policies. The Chiricahua Apache, a tribal society of hunters, gatherers, and raiders in the mountains and deserts of the Southwest, were squeezed between the growing populations and economies of the United States and Mexico. Raiding brought response, reprisal, and ultimately confinement at the loathsome San Carlos Reservation. Though most Chiricahua submitted to the beginnings of assimilation, a number of the hardiest and least malleable did not. Periodic breakouts, wild raids through New Mexico and Arizona, and a labyrinthian, nearly impenetrable sanctuary in the Sierra Madre led the United States to an extraordinary and unprincipled overreaction.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Fort Bascom in the Canadian River Valley
    New Mexico Historical Review Volume 87 Number 3 Article 4 7-1-2012 Boots on the Ground: A History of Fort Bascom in the Canadian River Valley James Blackshear Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Blackshear, James. "Boots on the Ground: A History of Fort Bascom in the Canadian River Valley." New Mexico Historical Review 87, 3 (2012). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol87/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Boots on the Ground a history of fort bascom in the canadian river valley James Blackshear n 1863 the Union Army in New Mexico Territory, prompted by fears of a Isecond Rebel invasion from Texas and its desire to check incursions by southern Plains Indians, built Fort Bascom on the south bank of the Canadian River. The U.S. Army placed the fort about eleven miles north of present-day Tucumcari, New Mexico, a day’s ride from the western edge of the Llano Estacado (see map 1). Fort Bascom operated as a permanent post from 1863 to 1870. From late 1870 through most of 1874, it functioned as an extension of Fort Union, and served as a base of operations for patrols in New Mexico and expeditions into Texas. Fort Bascom has garnered little scholarly interest despite its historical signifi cance.
    [Show full text]
  • AL SIEBER, FAMOUS SCOUT of the SOUTHWEST (By DAN R
    Al Sieber, Famous Scout Item Type text; Article Authors Williamson, Dan R. Publisher Arizona State Historian (Phoenix, AZ) Journal Arizona Historical Review Rights This content is in the public domain. Download date 29/09/2021 08:22:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623491 60 ARIZONA HISTORICAL REVIEW AL SIEBER, FAMOUS SCOUT OF THE SOUTHWEST (By DAN R. WILLIAMSON) Albert Sieber was born in the Grand Dutchy of Baden, Ger- many, February 29, '1844, and died near Roosevelt, Arizona, February 19, 1907. Came to America with his parents as a small boy, settling for a time in Pennsylvania, then moved to Minnesota. Early in 1862 Sieber enlisted in Company B, First Minne- sota Volunteer Infantry, serving through the strenuous Penin- sula campaign of the Army of the Potomac as a corporal and a sharp-shooter. On July 2, 1863, on Gettysburg Battlefield, he was dangerously wounded in the head by a piece of shell, and while lying helpless and unattended on the field of battle a bul- let entered his right ankle and followed up the leg, coming out at the knee. He lay in the hospital until December, 1863, when he was transferred to the First Regiment of Veteran Reserves as a corporal, under Captain Morrison, and his regiment was ac- credited to the State of Massachusetts. When Sieber fell wound- ed on the field of Gettysburg, General Hancock, who was near him, was wounded at the same time. For Sieber 's service with this regiment the State of Massachusetts paid him the sum of $300 bounty.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Army Scouts: the Southwestern
    3-/71 UNITED STATES ARMY SCOUTS: THE SOUTHWESTERN EXPERIENCE, 1866-1890 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Carol Conley Nance, B. A. Denton, Texas May, 1975 Nance, Carol Conley, United States Army Scouts: The Southwestern Experience, 1866-1890. Master of Arts (History), May, 1975, 156 pp., 4 maps, bibliography, 107 titles. In the post-Civil War Southwest, the United States Army utilized civilians and Indians as scouts. As the mainstay of the reconnaissance force, enlisted Indians excelled as trackers, guides, and fighters. General George Crook became the foremost advocate of this service. A little-known aspect of the era was the international controversy created by the activities of native trackers under the 1882 recipro- cal hot pursuit agreement between Mexico and the United States. Providing valuable information on Army scouts are numerous government records which include the Annual Report of the Secretary of War from 1866 to 1896 and Foreign Relations of the United States for 1883 and 1886. Memoirs, biographies, and articles in regional and national histori- cal journals supplement government documents. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF MAPS . iv Chapter I. THE SOUTHWEST: CONVENTIONAL ARMY, UNCONVENTIONAL ENEMY 17 II. ARMY SCOUTS: CIVILIANS ON THE TRAIL . 2.17 III. ARMY SCOUTS: SET AN INDIAN TO CATCH AN INDIAN ..................... - - - - 28 IV. GENERAL GEORGE CROOK: UNCONVENTIONAL SOLDIER ........................ - -0 -0 -0 .0 68 V. INDIAN SCOUTS: AN INTERNATIONAL CONTROVERSY .......... *........ .100 VI. ARMY SCOUTS: SOME OBSERVATIONS .. o. 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY, . ...........-.-.-. .148 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Following Page 1.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 Article 6 6-3-2016 In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University at the Tempe Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Hunt Watkinson, M. Grace (2016) "In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 1: 30-43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1279 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol10/iss1/6 This Symposium: Genocide Studies, Colonization, and Indigenous Peoples is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Abstract: In the mid to late nineteenth century, two Indigenous groups of New Mexico territory, the Mescalero and the Chiricahua Apaches, faced violence, imprisonment, and exile. During a century of settler influx, territorial changeovers, vigilante violence, and Indian removal, these two cousin tribes withstood an experience beyond individual pain best described as ethnotrauma. Rooted in racial persecution and mass violence, this ethnotrauma possessed layers of traumatic reaction that not only revolved around their ethnicity, but around their relationship with their home lands as well.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011
    U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011 APACHE WARS A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-1861.....p.3 Apache Pass (Feb 1861).....p.4 Mimbres Apaches.....p.4 1860s - (Cochise, Mangas).....p.5 1870-75 (Reservation Roundup).....p.5 1876-86 (Geronimo).....p.6 Prisoners in the East.....p.10 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS Altshuler, Constance W. Chains of Command: Arizona and the Army, 1856-1875. Tucson, AZ: AZ Historical Society, 1981. 280 p. UA26.A7.A45. Baldwin, Gordon C. The Warrior Apaches: A Story of the Chiricahua and Western Apache. Tucson, AZ: King, 1965. 144 p. E99.A6.B15. Barnes, William C. Apaches and Longhorns. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie, 1941. F811.B27. Bell, William G. “Field Commander vs. Washington Negotiator in Apacheland.” Army (Feb 2001): pp. 68-70, 72 & 74. Per. Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip. (John S.). Massacre at Camp Grant: Forgetting and Remembering Apache History. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 2007. 159 p. E99.A6.C66. Cornell, Charles T. "Apache, Past and Present." Tucson Citizen (May/Jul 1921). Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-A-4-Arch. Cozzens, Peter, editor. Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, 1865-1890. Vol. 1: The Struggle for Apacheria. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2001. E81.E94. Cruse, Thomas. Apache Days and After. Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1941. E83.866.C95. Apache Wars p.2 Gaston, J.A. "Cavalry Officer on the Frontier." Typescript carbon, Wash, DC, Dec 1935. 19 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-G-10-Arch.
    [Show full text]
  • Healing the Returning Warrior: Keys to Understanding Unique Challenges and Strengths of American Indian, Alaska Native Veterans: Module One
    1/15/2020 Healing the Returning Warrior: Keys to Understanding Unique Challenges and Strengths of American Indian, Alaska Native Veterans: Module One Sean A Bear 1st, BA National American Indian and Alaska Native MHTTC Ray Daw, MA American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Webinar series This webinar is provided by the National American Indian & Alaska Native MHTTC, a program funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 1 1/15/2020 • The National American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Technology Transfer Center is supported by a grant from CSAT/SAMHSA. • The content of this webinar is the creation of the presenter(s), and the opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of SAMHSA, HHS, or the American Indian & Alaska Native MHTTC. Webinar follow-up CEUs are available upon request for $15 per session. • This session has been approved for 1.0 CEU’s by: • NAADAC: The National American Indian & Alaska Native MHTTC is a NAADAC (The Association for Addiction Professionals) certified educational provider, and this webinar has been pre‐approved for 1.0 CEU. • To obtain CEUs for this session, please email: natasha‐[email protected] • Participants are responsible for submitting state specific requests under the guidelines of their individual state. Presentation handouts: • A handout of this slideshow presentation will also be available by download 2 1/15/2020 Webinar follow-up Evaluation: SAMHSA’s GPRA This webinar is provided by the National American Indian & Alaska Native MHTTC, a program funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Participation in our evaluation lets SAMHSA know: • How many people attended our webinar • How satisfied you are with our webinar • How useful our webinars are to you You will find a link to the GPRA survey in the chat box.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Camp Grant Massacre” in the Historical Imagination
    The “Camp Grant Massacre” in the Historical Imagination Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh Center for Desert Archaeology 300 E. University Blvd., Suite 230 Tucson, Arizona 85705 (520) 882-6946 [email protected] Arizona History Convention Tempe, Arizona April 25 – 26, 2003 HISTORICAL TEXTS AND HISTORICAL IMAGINATIONS Remembering and recording the past is fundamental to the human experience. From the chronicles of Herodotus to the origin stories of the Hopi, humans have long found the need to understand how the moments of the past have shaped the present (Vaughn 1985). History, as the attempt to construct a narrative of past events, is an interpretive exercise fashioned from bits of empirical data, memories, conjectures, ideas, and arguments. As the stories of the past enter a community’s collective memory, it becomes part of the historical imagination, the shared mental images a people possess of the past (Lowenthal 1985: 213). Novels or ancient myths may nourish the historical imagination, as it may be grounded in scholarly research or family photo albums. When history is written down, the text itself becomes a kind of cultural artifact that can help us excavate not simply the past as it happened, but also the present in which the moments of the past were imagined. Thus historical writings often tell us as much about the world of the author as it does the world depicted in the text. That history is imagined and not simply a duplicate of past events challenges several centuries of Western historiography, which has proceeded as if the past is wholly concrete and knowable. Nicholas Thomas has written that the “orthodox historical imagination” habitually fails “to acknowledge that versions of the past are always recreated for the here and now, are always politically inflected, partial, and interested” (Thomas 1991: 298).
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission Listings Arizona
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES MULTIPLE PROPERTY SUBMISSION LISTINGS ARIZONA Grace Lutheran Church, Maricopa, Arizona, 93000835 FINDING AID Prepared by National Park Service - Intermountain Region Museum Services Program Tucson, Arizona August 2017 National Register of Historic Places – Multiple Property Submission Listings –Arizona 2 National Register of Historic Places – Multiple Property Submission Listings – Arizona Scope and Content Note: The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archeological resources. - From the National Register of Historic Places site: http://www.nps.gov/nr/about.htm The Multiple Property Submission (MPS) listings records are unique in that they capture historic properties that are related by theme, general geographic area, and/or period of time. The MPS is the current terminology for submissions of this kind; past iterations include Thematic Resource (TR) and Multiple Resource Area (MRA). Historic properties nominated under the MPS rubric will contain individualized nomination forms and will be linked by a Cover Sheet for the overall group. Historic properties nominated under the TR and MRA rubric are nominated
    [Show full text]