U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011

APACHE WARS

A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources

CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-1861.....p.3 Pass (Feb 1861).....p.4 Mimbres .....p.4 1860s - (, Mangas).....p.5 1870-75 (Reservation Roundup).....p.5 1876-86 ().....p.6 Prisoners in the East.....p.10

GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS

Altshuler, Constance W. Chains of Command: and the Army, 1856-1875. Tucson, AZ: AZ Historical Society, 1981. 280 p. UA26.A7.A45.

Baldwin, Gordon C. The Apaches: A Story of the and Western Apache. Tucson, AZ: King, 1965. 144 p. E99.A6.B15.

Barnes, William C. Apaches and Longhorns. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie, 1941. F811.B27.

Bell, William G. “Field Commander vs. Washington Negotiator in Apacheland.” Army (Feb 2001): pp. 68-70, 72 & 74. Per.

Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip. (John S.). Massacre at Camp Grant: Forgetting and Remembering Apache History. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 2007. 159 p. E99.A6.C66.

Cornell, Charles T. "Apache, Past and Present." Tucson Citizen (May/Jul 1921). Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-A-4-Arch.

Cozzens, Peter, editor. Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, 1865-1890. Vol. 1: The Struggle for . Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2001. E81.E94.

Cruse, Thomas. Apache Days and After. Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1941. E83.866.C95. p.2

Gaston, J.A. " Officer on the Frontier." Typescript carbon, Wash, DC, Dec 1935. 19 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-G-10-Arch.

Goodwin, Grenville. Western Apache Raiding and Warfare. [Edited by Keith H. Basso] Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 1971. 330 p. E99.A6.W43.

Howard, O.O. My Life and Experiences among Our Hostile Indians. Hartford, CT: Worthington, 1907. 570 p. E83.866.H84.

Kautz, August V. Papers... Arch. Includes Andrew Wallace's draft biography, "Gen. August V. Kautz and the Southwestern Frontier."

Kenner, Charles L. A History of New Mexican Plains Indian Relations. Norman, OK: U OK, 1969. 250 p. E78.N65.K33.

Miller, Darlis, A. Soldiers and Settlers: Military Supply in the Southwest, 1861-1865. Albuquerque, NM: U NM, 1989. 506 p. UC263.M55.

Nye, Wilbur.S. Carbine and Lance: The Story of Old Fort Sill. Norman, OK: U OK, 1938. 441 p. UA26.S544.N83. See index.

Ogle, Ralph H. Federal Control of the Western Apaches 1848-1886. Albuquerque, NM: U NM, 1970 reprint of 1940 edition. 259 p. E99.A6.O332.

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting and Dinner of the Order of Indian Wars..., various years. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch. For example, the 1929 issue contains 4 articles on the Geronimo campaign.

Reedstrom, E. Lisle. Apache Wars: An Illustrated Battle History. NY: Sterling, 1990. 256 p. E99.A6.R43. Captures in photos & documents the Apaches & the soldiers.

Roberts, David. Once They Moved Like the Wind: Cochise, Geronimo and the Apache Wars. NY: Simon, 1993. 366 p. E99.A6.C575.

Santee, Ross. Apache Land. Lincoln: U of NE, 1971 reprint of 1947 ed. 216 p. E99A6S32.

Shrader, Charles R., editor. Reference Guide to Military History 1865 -1919. NY: Facts on File, 1993. pp. 229-31. E181.R44.

Terrell, John U. Apache Chronicle. NY: World, 1972. 411 p. E99.A6.T4.

Twitchell, Ralph E. The Leading Facts of New Mexican History. 5 vols. Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch, 1911-1917. F796.T84. Apache Wars p.3

U.S. Army. Fifth Army. The Indian Wars End; The Nation Grows. Ft. Sheridan, IL: Command Information Guidelines, 1969. pp. 11-17. 34 p. F591R64 pt.3.

U.S. Dept of Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Reports..., (incomplete). Wash, DC: GPO, 1866-1914. E93.U71.

U.S. War Dept. Secretary of War. Reports..., 1861-1886. Wash, DC: GPO, various dates. UA24. See especially the reports of the Department of AZ commanding general.

Utley, Robert M. A Clash of Cultures: and the Chiricahua Apaches. Wash, DC: National Park Service, 1977. 88 p. E99.A6.U89. A short history of the Apache wars, profusely illustrated with photos, with brief mention of .

_____. Frontiersmen in Blue: The and the Indian, 1848-1865. NY: Macmillan, 1967. 384 p. E83.84.U8. See index.

_____. “’s Wars.” MHQ (Autumn 2008): pp. 20-29. Per.

Wagoner, Jay J. 1863-1912. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 1970. 587 p. F811.W27.

Weigel, William. "Notes on the Apaches." Typescript, n.d. 17 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch- File-A-11.

Worcester, Donald E. The Apaches: Eagles of the Southwest. Norman, OK: U OK, 1979. 389 p. E99.A6.W67.

See also: -Carlisle Indian School materials, Arch. -Apache Scouts in Indians-Military Service. -Carr, Eugene A. Papers. Arch -Rolak, Bruno J., collection of papers on Indian Wars in AZ.

PRE-1861

McCall, George A. in 1850: A Military View. [Edited by Robert W. Frayer] Norman, OK: U OK, 1968. 222 p. F801.M14.

Stratton, Royal B. Captivity of the Oatman Girls. NY: Carlton & Porter, 1858. 290 p. E87.O12. Life among the Apaches, 1851. Apache Wars p.4

U.S. Army. OCMH. "Narrative Descriptions of the Named Campaigns of the U.S. Army." Reproduction typescript, 1968. pp. 44-45. E181.N37.

APACHE PASS, 13-14 Feb 1861

Irwin, B.J.D. "The Fight." Infantry Journal (Apr 1928): pp. 368-75. Per. Also in Military Surgeon (Oct 1933): pp. 197-203.

Ogle, Ralph H. Federal Control of the Western Apaches, 1848-1886. Albuquerque, NM: U NM, 1970. p. 44. E99.A6.O332.

Soldier and Brave: Historic Places Associated with Indian Affairs and the Indian Wars in the Trans-Mississippi West. Wash, DC: National Park Service, 1971. pp. 61-67. E81.U55.

Terrell, John Upton. Apache Chronicle: The Story of the People. NY: World, 1972. E99.A6.T4.

Wagoner, Jay J. Early Arizona: Prehistory to Civil War. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 1975. pp. 418-24. F811.W28.

Wellman, Paul I. Death in the Desert: The Fifty Years' War for the Great Southwest. NY: Macmillan, 1935. pp. 58-65. E81.W46.

Worcester, Donald E. The Apaches: Eagles of the Southwest. Norman, OK: U OK, 1979. 389 p. E99.A6.W67. See index.

MIMBRES APACHES & PINOS ALTOS GOLD

The presence of gold miners in the Pinos Altos Mountains north of the Santa Rita copper mines was deeply resented by the Mimebres under Mangas Coloradas, who resisted the invasion between 1851 and 1863. Often the miners' supplies were captured. For a chronology of the several engagements in the Pinos Altos, see pp. 195-240 of John U. Terrell's Apache Chronicle (NY: World Pub, 1972; E999.A6.T4). In 1852-1853, companies of the Regular Army's 1st and 2d Dragoons protected the Santa Rita miners with a garrison at Fort Webster and by 1863 For West was established farther north for the Pinos Altos miners. The troops most deeply involved at the latter fort were Volunteers under General James Carleton's command.

In July 1862, Mangas journeyed southwest to the , where he asked Conchise to join him in a new assault on Pinos Altos miners. It was here, in eastern Arizona at Apache Pass, that the Mimembres stated a $40,000 gold robbery and battle California troops. See pp. 230-231 of Terrella and 174-175 of Ceremony, cited below. Apache Wars p.5

Cremony, John C. Life Among the Apaches. Glorietta, NM: , 1969 reprint of 1868 edition. Chap XIII and XIV. E999.A6.C72.

Hunt, Aurora. Major General , 1814-1873. Glendale, CA: Clark, 1958. pp. 229-31. E181.C3.H8. And Hunt's Army of the Pacific, 1860-1866 (E470.9.H8).

U.S. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series I, Vol. 50, Part 1. Wash, DC: GPO, 1897. pp. 88-145, esp pp. 128- 34. E464.U6ser1v50pt1.

Utley, Robert M. Frontiersmen in Blue, cited above. pp. 249-51. E83.84.U8.

1860's (Cochise & Mangas)

Cochise, Ciye. The First Hundred Years of Nino Cochise. NY: Abelard-Schuman, 1971. 346 p. E99.A6.C57.

Cremony, John C. Life among the Apaches. Glorietta, NM: Rio Grande 1969, cited above. E99A6C72.

Irwin, B.J.D. "The Chiricahua Apache Indians." Infantry Journal (Apr 1928): pp. 368-35. Per. , Feb 1861, and Lt Bascom's handling of Indian hostages.

1870-75 (Reservation Roundup)

Bourke, John. An in the Sierra Madre. NY: Scribner's, 1886. 112 p. E83.88.B76.

_____. On the Border with Crook. NY: Scribner's, 1886. E83.866.C88.B77.

Colyer, Vincent. Peace with the Apaches of New Mexico and Arizona, 1871. Tucson, AZ: Territorial, 1964 reprint of 1872 edition. 58 p. E99.A6.U5.

Crook, George. General : His Autobiography. [Edited by Martin F. Schmitt] Norman, OK: U OK, 1960. E83.866.C932.

_____. Papers. Arch. Manuscript autobiography, diaries, and news clippings on service against the Apaches. Apache Wars p.6

Eaton, George O. "Stopping an Apache Battle: An Episode of the Indian Wars." Cavalry Journal (Jul/Aug 1933): pp. 12-18. Per. 5th Cavalry in 1874 Arizona Operation.

Mason, J.E. The Use of Indian Scouts in the Apache Wars, 1870-1886. PhD dss, IN U, 1970. 378 p. E83.866.M368.

Rattan, Donald V. "Antiguerrilla Operations: A Case Study from History." Military Review (May 1960): pp. 23-27. Per. Crook's campaign against Apaches, 1871-72.

Schreier, Jim. "Skeleton Cave-A Study of an Indian Wars Tragedy." Periodical (Jul 1990): pp. 15-23. Per.

Watt, Robert N. “Victorio’s Military and Political Leadership of the Warm Springs Apaches.” War in History Vol. 18, No. 4 (2011): pp. 457-94. Per.

1876-86 (Geronimo)

Adams, Alexander B. Geronimo: A Biography. NY: Putnam, 1971. 381 p. E99.A6.G34.

Barrett, S.M., editor. Geronimo: His Own Story. NY: Dutton, 1970. E99.A6.G32.

Betzinez, Jason. I Fought With Geronimo. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1959. E99.A6.B42.

Bigelow, John, Jr. On the Bloody Trail of Geronimo. Los Angeles: Westernlore, 1968. 237 p. E83.88.B52.

Bode, E.A. A Dose of Frontier Soldiering: The Memories of Corporal E.A. Bode, Frontier Regular Infantry, 1877-82. [Edited by Thomas Smith] Lincoln, NE: U NE, 1994. 238 p. F786.B66. Served w/16th Infantry Regiment.

Bourke, John G. On the Border with Crook. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1980 1891 edition. 491 p. E83.855.B782. See Chap XXVII ff.

Brown, Dee. "Geronimo." American History Illustrated (Jun 1980): pp. 12-21. Per.

Brown, William Carey. Papers. Arch. Includes 1879 & 1885 maps of Dept of AZ.

Brinckerhoff, Sidney B. "Aftermath of Cibecue: Court Martial of the Apache Scouts, 1881." Smoke Signal (Fall 1978): pp. 122-35. Per. Apache Wars p.7

Clum, John P. "Geronimo." Arizona Historical Review (Jul 1928/Jan 1929): 3 articles. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch-File-G-11.

Collins, Charles. Apache Nightmare: The Battle at Cibecue Creek. Norman, OK: U OK, 1999. 280 p. E83.88.C65.

_____. The Great Escape: The Apache Outbreak of 1881. Tucson, AZ: Westernlore, 1994. 215 p. E83.866.C65.

Crook, George. "The Apache Problem." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (1886): pp. 257-69. Per.

_____. General George Crook: His Autobiography, cited above. E83.866.C932.

_____. Papers, cited above. Arch.

_____. “Resume of Operations Against Apache Indians 1882 to 1886." Typescript report, 27 Dec 1886. 25 p. E83.866.C92.

Courtney, Bradley G. “The Final Five Months of the : An Analysis of the Second Phase of the Geronimo Campaign, March 30-September 3, 1886.” MA thesis, CA State- Dominguez Hills, 2000.115 p. E83.88.C68.

Daly, Henry W. "The Geronimo Campaign." Journal of the Association (Apr 1909): pp. 68 & 247. Per

Davis, Britton. "Remarks by Major Re Geronimo Campaign." Typescript, 20 Apr 1918. 1 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch-File-G-2, Arch.

_____. The Truth about Geronimo. New Haven, CT: Yale, 1929. 253 p. E99.A6.D29.

Debo, Angie. Geronimo: The Man, His Time, His Place. Norman, OK: U OK, 1976. 480 p. E83.88.G4.D3.

Eaton, George O. "Stopping an Apache Battle." Cavalry Journal (Jul/Aug 1933): p. 12. Per.

Elliott, Charles P. "An under General George Crook." Military Affairs (Summer 1948): pp. 91-102. Per. Firsthand account of San Carlos Reservation, 1884.

_____. Various manuscript articles on the 1885-86 campaign. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch- File-C-38.

Faulk, Odie B. The Geronimo Campaign. NY: Oxford, 1969. 245 p. E99.A6.F3. Apache Wars p.8

Fly, C.S. Scenes in Geronimo's Camp: The Apache Outlaw and Murderer, Taken Before the Surrender to Gen. Cook [sic] March 27, 1886, in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Mexico..... Tucson, AZ: Adobe Corral of the Westerners, 1986. 29 p. E99.A6.G35.

Fountain, Samuel W. " Fountain's Fight with Apache Indians at Lillie's Ranch...1885." Proceedings, Annual Meeting and Dinner of the Order of Indian Wars of the United States (19 Jan 1928): pp. 33-41. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch-File-L7, Arch.

Geronimo. Geronimo: His Own Story. [Edited by S.M. Barrett & Frederick W. Turner III] NY: Dutton, 1970. 190 p. E99.A6.G32.

Jerome, Lawrence R. "Soldiering and Suffering in the Geronimo Campaign." In Hostiles and Horse Soldiers. Boulder, CO: Pruett, 1972. pp. 206-24. E83.866.W52.

Ludwig, Larry L. & Stute, James L. The Battle at K-H Butte: Apache Outbreak 1881, Arizona. Tucson, AZ: Westernlore, 1993. 90 p. E83.866.L84.

Mason, J.E. The Use of Indian Scouts in the Apache Wars, 1870-1886. PhD dss, IN U, 1970. 378 p. E83.866M368.

Mazzanovich, Anton. Trailing Geronimo. Los Angeles: Gem, 1926. E83.88.G4.M3.

_____. "Trooper Tells of Life in Arizona Army Posts During the 1880's." Tucson Daily Star (1927): 1 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-Arch-File-A-9, Arch.

Miles, Nelson A. Personal Recollections..... Chicago: Werner, 1896. E83.866.M64. See Chap XL.

Miller, William N. "Pioneer Tells How Geronimo Scaled Dragoon Mountain Peak." Reprinted from Tombstone Epitaph. Tucson, AZ, Aug 1936. 4 p. E99.A6.M5.

Pettit, James S. "Apache Campaign Notes-1886." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (1886): pp. 331-38. Per.

Rolak, Bruno J. "The in the Geronimo Campaign of 1886." In Military History of the Spanish-American Southwest: A Seminar. Ft Huachuca, 1976. pp. 167-79. F786.M5.

Shockley, P.M. "On Geronimo's Trail." Quartermaster Rev (Nov/Dec 1932): pp. 29-34. Per.

Skinner, Woodward B. The Apache Rock Crumbles: The Captivity of Geronimo's People. Pensacola, FL: Skinner, 1987. 497 p. E99.A6.S55. Apache Wars p.9

Sonnichsen, C.L., editor. Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars. Lincoln, NE: U NE, 1990. 136 p. E99.A6.G342.

Steelhammer, Charles. "With the Apache Indians during the Revolt of 1879." Military Affairs (Summer 1954): pp. 86-88. Per. By Swedish immigrant.

Thrapp, Dan L. The Conquest of Apacheria. Norman, OK: U OK, 1967. E99.A6.T47. See Chap XXV ff.

_____. General Crook and the Sierra Madre Adventure. Norman, OK: U OK, 1972. 196 p. E83.866.C94.T45.

U.S. War Dept. Annual Report of the Secretary of War for the Year 1883. Vol. 1. Wash, DC: GPO, 1883. UA24.A1. See pp. 159-82 for General Crook's report of 27 Sep 1883.

_____. Correspondence with General Miles Relative to the Surrender of Geronimo. Wash, DC: GPO, 1887. 77 p. E99.A6.U57.

U.S. War Dept. Report of the Secretary of War: Being Part of the Message and Documents Communicated to the Two Houses of Congress..... Vol. 1. Wash, DC: GPO, 1884. UA24.A1.1883-84.v1. See pp. 131-136 for Crook's undated report.

Utley, Robert M. "Geronimo." MHQ (Winter 1992): pp. 42-51. Per.

Welsh, Herbert. The Apache Prisoners in Fort Marion, St. Augustine, . Phila: Office, Indian Rights Assoc, 1887. 62 p. E99.A6.W4.

Wood, Leonard. Chasing Geronimo: The Journal of . May-Sep 1886. Albuquerque, NM: U NM, 1970. 152 p. E83.88.W6.

Wood, Norman B. Lives of Famous Indian Chiefs, from Cofachiqui, the Indian Princess, and Powhatan; down to and Including Chief Joseph and Geronimo..... Aurora, IL: American Indian History, 1906. 771 p. E89.W87. See Chap XV.

See also: - Miles, Nelson A. Papers. Arch. - Miles, Stephen C. (commanded a company of Apache Scouts). Letters. Arch. Apache Wars p.10

APACHE PRISONERS IN EAST

There were at least three sites where Apache and families were imprisoned, namely: Fort Pickens (in Pensacola Bay, Florida), Mount Vernon Barracks (near Mobile, Alabama), and Fort Marion (at St Augustine, Florida). On chiefly the last place, see:

Debo, Angie. Geronimo: The Man, His Time, His Place. Norman, OK: U OK, 1976. 480 p. Chaps 16-18.E99.A6.G35.

Eastman, Elaine G. Pratt: The Red Man's Moses. Norman, OK: U OK, 1935. 285 p. E76.45.P72.E27. See especially Chap 16 and pp. 206-07, which mention students from Fort Marion to Carlisle Indian Industrial School.

Gilcreast, Everett. "Richard Henry Pratt and American Indian Policy, 1877-1906: A Study of the Assimilation Movement." Thesis, Yale, 1967. 418 p. E97.6.C2.G5. See especially Chap II.

Haley, James L. Apaches: A History and Culture Portrait. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981. pp. 378-94. E99.A6.H24.

Kalesnik, Frank L. “Caged Tigers: Native American Prisoners in Florida, 1975-1888.” Journal of America’s Military Past (Spring/Summer 2001): pp. 60-76. Per.

Ogle, Ralph H. Federal Control of the Western Apaches, 1848-1886. Albuquerque, NM: U NM, 1970. pp. 236-39. E99.A6.O332.

Pratt, Richard H. Battlefield and Classroom: Four Decades with the American Indian, 1867-1904. New Haven, CT: Yale, 1964. Chaps 11-18. E97.6C2P892.

Rockwell, Susan L. “The Autobiography of Mike Burns, Apache.” PhD dss, AZ State, 2001. 307 p. E99.Y5.B87. Ft. McDowell, AZ, Reservation Apache, captured by the Army, and attended Carlisle Indian School prior to his scout service. He retuned to his tribe in 1886; only known Native American record of the Apache Campaign.

Ryan, Carmelita. "The Carlisle Indian Industrial School." Thesis, Georgetown, 1962. 303 p. E97.6.C2.R9. See esp pp. 10-21 on Pratt's early experiences at Fort Marion.

Skinner, Woodward B. The Apache Rock Crumbles: The Captivity of Geronimo's People. Pensacola, FL: Skinner, 1987. 497 p. E99.A6.S55. Based largely upon newspaper accounts and oral histories. Apache Wars p.11

Sonnischen, C.L. The Apaches. Norman, OK: U OK, 1972. 341 p. E99.A6.S652. See Chap XII.

Terrell, John. Apache Chronicle. NY: World, 1972. pp. 376-85. E99.A6.T4.

Thrapp, Dan L. The Conquest of Apacheria. Norman, OK: U OK, 1967. p. 365. E99.A6.T47.

U.S. War Dept. Secretary of War. Apache Indians at Governor's Island. E99.A6.U573.

_____. Correspondence with General Miles Relative to the Surrender of Geronimo. E99.A6.U57.

Utley, Robert M. Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866-1890, cited above. E83.866.U87. See Chap 19.

Walker-McNeil, Pearl L. "The Carlisle Indian School: A Study of Acculturation." PhD dss, American U, 1979. 287 p. E97.6.C2.W3. Scattered references to Fort Marion Apaches, e.g., p. 123.

Welsh, Herbert. "The Apaches in Florida." The Morning Star (Carlisle Indian School) 7 (Apr 1887): p. 2. Arch. Reprinted from New York Tribune.

_____. The Apache Prisoners in Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida. Phila: Office of Indian Rights Assoc, 1887. 62 p. E99.A6.W4.

Worcester, Donald E. The Apaches: Eagles of the Southwest. Norman, OK: U OK, 1979. 389 p. E99.A6.W67. See Chaps XIII-XIV.