"Mari Sandoz, Custer, and the Indian Wars"
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United States Army Scouts: the Southwestern
3-/71 UNITED STATES ARMY SCOUTS: THE SOUTHWESTERN EXPERIENCE, 1866-1890 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Carol Conley Nance, B. A. Denton, Texas May, 1975 Nance, Carol Conley, United States Army Scouts: The Southwestern Experience, 1866-1890. Master of Arts (History), May, 1975, 156 pp., 4 maps, bibliography, 107 titles. In the post-Civil War Southwest, the United States Army utilized civilians and Indians as scouts. As the mainstay of the reconnaissance force, enlisted Indians excelled as trackers, guides, and fighters. General George Crook became the foremost advocate of this service. A little-known aspect of the era was the international controversy created by the activities of native trackers under the 1882 recipro- cal hot pursuit agreement between Mexico and the United States. Providing valuable information on Army scouts are numerous government records which include the Annual Report of the Secretary of War from 1866 to 1896 and Foreign Relations of the United States for 1883 and 1886. Memoirs, biographies, and articles in regional and national histori- cal journals supplement government documents. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF MAPS . iv Chapter I. THE SOUTHWEST: CONVENTIONAL ARMY, UNCONVENTIONAL ENEMY 17 II. ARMY SCOUTS: CIVILIANS ON THE TRAIL . 2.17 III. ARMY SCOUTS: SET AN INDIAN TO CATCH AN INDIAN ..................... - - - - 28 IV. GENERAL GEORGE CROOK: UNCONVENTIONAL SOLDIER ........................ - -0 -0 -0 .0 68 V. INDIAN SCOUTS: AN INTERNATIONAL CONTROVERSY .......... *........ .100 VI. ARMY SCOUTS: SOME OBSERVATIONS .. o. 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY, . ...........-.-.-. .148 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Following Page 1. -
In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 Article 6 6-3-2016 In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University at the Tempe Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Hunt Watkinson, M. Grace (2016) "In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 1: 30-43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1279 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol10/iss1/6 This Symposium: Genocide Studies, Colonization, and Indigenous Peoples is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Abstract: In the mid to late nineteenth century, two Indigenous groups of New Mexico territory, the Mescalero and the Chiricahua Apaches, faced violence, imprisonment, and exile. During a century of settler influx, territorial changeovers, vigilante violence, and Indian removal, these two cousin tribes withstood an experience beyond individual pain best described as ethnotrauma. Rooted in racial persecution and mass violence, this ethnotrauma possessed layers of traumatic reaction that not only revolved around their ethnicity, but around their relationship with their home lands as well. -
U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011
U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011 APACHE WARS A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-1861.....p.3 Apache Pass (Feb 1861).....p.4 Mimbres Apaches.....p.4 1860s - (Cochise, Mangas).....p.5 1870-75 (Reservation Roundup).....p.5 1876-86 (Geronimo).....p.6 Prisoners in the East.....p.10 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS Altshuler, Constance W. Chains of Command: Arizona and the Army, 1856-1875. Tucson, AZ: AZ Historical Society, 1981. 280 p. UA26.A7.A45. Baldwin, Gordon C. The Warrior Apaches: A Story of the Chiricahua and Western Apache. Tucson, AZ: King, 1965. 144 p. E99.A6.B15. Barnes, William C. Apaches and Longhorns. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie, 1941. F811.B27. Bell, William G. “Field Commander vs. Washington Negotiator in Apacheland.” Army (Feb 2001): pp. 68-70, 72 & 74. Per. Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip. (John S.). Massacre at Camp Grant: Forgetting and Remembering Apache History. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 2007. 159 p. E99.A6.C66. Cornell, Charles T. "Apache, Past and Present." Tucson Citizen (May/Jul 1921). Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-A-4-Arch. Cozzens, Peter, editor. Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, 1865-1890. Vol. 1: The Struggle for Apacheria. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2001. E81.E94. Cruse, Thomas. Apache Days and After. Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1941. E83.866.C95. Apache Wars p.2 Gaston, J.A. "Cavalry Officer on the Frontier." Typescript carbon, Wash, DC, Dec 1935. 19 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-G-10-Arch. -
[LB824 LB871 LB921 LR223] the Committee on Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Met at 1:30 Pm on Wednesday, February 6
Transcript Prepared By the Clerk of the Legislature Transcriber's Office Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Committee February 06, 2008 [LB824 LB871 LB921 LR223] The Committee on Government, Military and Veterans Affairs met at 1:30 p.m. on Wednesday, February 6, 2008, in Room 1507 of the State Capitol, Lincoln, Nebraska, for the purpose of conducting a public hearing on LB824, LB921, LB871, and LR223. Senators present: Ray Aguilar, Chairperson; Kent Rogert, Vice Chairperson; Greg Adams; Bill Avery; Mike Friend; Russ Karpisek; Scott Lautenbaugh; and Rich Pahls. Senators absent: None. [] SENATOR AGUILAR: Welcome everyone to the Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Committee hearing. I'll start off by introducing the senators that are present, and I will introduce the others as they arrive. We've been attacked by a bunch of homeschoolers today and they've taken some of our senators captive. Anyway, on my far right is: Senator Scott Lautenbaugh of Omaha; next to him is Senator Kent Rogert, our Vice Chair, and he's from Tekama, Nebraska; on my immediate right is Christy Abraham, our legal counsel; my name is Senator Ray Aguilar, I'm the chair of the committee from Grand Island. On my immediate left is: Sherry Shaffer, our committee clerk; next is Senator Rich Pahls of Omaha; Senator Greg Adams of York; just coming in is Senator Bill Avery of Lincoln and late Bill Avery of Lincoln. Second from my left is Senator Mike Friend of Omaha and second from Senator Lautenbaugh is Senator Russ Karpisek from Wilber, Nebraska. Our pages today are Ashley McDonald of Rockville, Nebraska, Courtney Ruwe of Herman, Nebraska. -