'^ ^- .^ ^' .^^ ^. ,^^ "*\\^ 95,^^0.:-^^'* ^''''•'^^\#'' "^''"/^^^^ ^^*^ - w S ^^ ^\r.^^ i'X ^-^^0^ -^^^0^ ^-^/. % .^^^- 6 Q,. : 1 ^^-o, ^V>^ * CI V ^ ""^ A^ \..^^ % A^^ *V,^.^^°'%'=• Xi^..>?^ >^ '<>. * O.V % _<G^/ <. 0'- - ^^ J~i, •-%. ^.^'^ ^^ ^, <-. *''^*^" .\^?^i:?,.:^^"^""^" "^di '^ ^ ^ -^ I': %-c^ "^(^ ^ »:m ' ^ °- - ^^. o.. * i;r ^ ,^^ ^ 'm$: ^ J <^^ ^ v^'\ ^" vV . '^n ,^^^ ': .'^-^^^v^'^ ^.^"t/-<^^ ^:r^M^^^^-.^ 3 ^. ^•^^cse:i;i:.X'-^^/---^'^^^cs^':.^;:^.^' «.- '.-*>'' ^ '^ ^<^'=^^ ^ '-«.,=.,•% ^ . ^ ^\ iKo '-^.,^^' ^<^ ^isfej\ ^^ ^,, ' %..-^^ :'M£'^ %. > y s^ A^ ^^^^^ .^ ^" = ^ o.^^ "^^ ;«&\ ^ c , = *^ »-.. .N" Or ^ V . -^ V ^/Tv;'-' ac*' .% ^°^:;;^^V cp^o^4:.>^ 0°^.^:^''/^ h ^^o^ ^^°^ .\^^ ^^ V ^ ^ -^ V ^ '. ^ *^ /i«siA\%,# /iXcr""^^.^'' /i?" 3 ^. J? ^-^ ^. <s^. k'- Vo^ , •-/> .^ . '' '? ^. ^- ^"'^^/.o/^ %^«^/,Si/% ao^ ,.<^'^'--Vc#.s»., <>.'' /T::-^- oO\- <^y:^^/% c5 Q. The Story of Arizona BY WILL H. ROBIXSON Author of "The Man from Yesterday" "The Golden Palace of Neverland," "The Knotted Cord," Etc. ILLUSTRATED THE BERRYHILL COMPANY PHOEXIX, ARIZONA Publishers Copyrighted, 1919 BY THE BERRYHILL COMPANY All rights reserved ¥ ^ \i\' flpK 30isia HAMMOND PRESS W, B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAOO ©CI.A51551 i TO THE PATRIOTIC MEN OF ARIZONA WHO IN THIS GRAVE CRISIS OF THE WORLD'S HISTORY, THOUGH COUNTING THE COST YET WITH EYES EVER EAGER AND HEARTS FULL OF HIGH PURPOSE, HAVE CROSSED CONTINENT AND SEA AND TODAY ARE WRITING ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OP FRANCE WHAT MAY WELL BE THE MOST GliORIOUS PAGE OF THE STATE'S HISTORY, THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. OCTOBER, 1918. i^'^%#St.*r>f^"'^l^ THE OCATILLA Elcliiiig liy Wallac L. DcWnlf /si'X / CONTENTS 4y House and Canal Builders of the Desert- Cliff Dwellei-s of the Uplands - - - - 13 IT. The Coming of the Spaniards - - - - 33 III. Spanish Mission Days 53 IV. The Arrival of the Americans - - - - 77 V. The War with Mexico 86 VI. The Boundary Survey 97 VII. The Gadsden Purchase ------ 103 VIII. Mining and Transportation from the Gadsden Purchase to the Civil War - - - - 113 IX. Attempts to Establish Territorial Government - 122 X. Filibustei's in Mexico — War Department Camels - 127 XI. The Vengeance of Cochise ----- 133 XII. The Civil War ------- 139 XIII. Prospecting Parties in Civil War Times - - 152 XIV. Arizona a Political Entity ----- 157 XV. Military and the Indians ------ 183 XVI. Saloons and "Bad Men"— The Bogus Baron of the Colorados ------- 223 XVII. Transportation After the War— Pack-trains, Stages and Sixteen-mule Freighters - - 244 XVIII. Arizona Mines After the Civil War - - - 250 XIX. Labor 287 XX. Tilling the Soil— The Roosevelt Reservoir— Verde Reservoir Sites— The Laguna Proj- ect— In-igation Resources of Arizona- Crops- Cotton Growing— Stock Raising- Ostriches— Bison 296 XXI. Churches and Schools— The Mormons— The Restoration of San Xavier— Other Churches — Y. M. C. A.— Schools— The State Univer- sity—Modem Indians and Indian Schools - 323 5 6 CONTENTS XXII, The Spanish-American War— The Rough Riders 346 XXin. Arizona at Last a State—Anthem, Mower and Fla^ 351 XXIV. Scenic Arizona— The Grand Canyon— Auto- mobile Roads— Hotels 367 XXV. Arizona Cities of Today—Tucson-Phoenix— Prescott—Bisbee— Douglas— Other Towns - 379 XXVI. Arizona's Part in the World's War - - - 403 XXVII. Arizona Plant Life (Written in collaboration with John J. Thorber, A. M.) - - - - 416 XXVIII. Some Arizona Beasts and Birds - - - 436 — PREFACE every one knows, the real purpose of a AS preface to a history is to give the author an opportunity—quite casually, of course to toss modest floral tributes at himself as he tells you not only what a Matchless Volume he has just written, but as well calls attention to the erudition employed by himself in going only to original sources for his information, and in so doing con- sulting freely the works of Confucius, Tatistchev and Sheherazade—all in their original tongues. If this is done with sufiicient dash and elan, as the gentle reader holds the M. V. in her hands, tears of grief will gather in her left eye at the thought of all the people dead and gone who will never have the opportunity of reading the M. V., while in her right eye crystal drops of joy will glisten over the feast of reason that will soon be hers. Now, as to our erudition as the author of The Story of Arizona, permit us to say that the lan- guages employed by the early chroniclers of the Southwest were Spanish, Injun and Mediaeval Arizonese. Just to show our familiarity with the liquid vowels of Castile we here modestly state that we can remark in Spanish, "The shoes of our uncle's cousin are tv/o sizes too large to be worn by our brother-in-law's stepson," with all the grace 8 PREFACE of a Cervantes. "Me hace V. el favor de pasarme el chili con came," as De Tornos so truly says. In Injun we can call to a Pima as we meet him in the road, "Pap t' hay!" as nonchalantly as a Salt River missionary, and when it comes to Arizonese, we look only with sadness upon the tenderfoot who calls a reata a lariat and thinks a remuda is a new Hooverized war bread. If there is any doubt in the minds of the gentle reader about our access to Original Sources we can only say that when we arrived in Arizona, John Hance was still engaged in digging the Grand Canyon and Herbert Patrick had barely completed the hump on Camelback Mountain, from which it will be seen that at least a part of what has been here indited has the authority of contemporaneous observation; as for the rest, we have spared our- selves no labor in always going to the fact factory for facts. While we may seem to be wasting a good deal of high-priced paper on this preface, we must say that in trying to compress the events of nearly four centuries into a single volume we found that our space would not permit any elaborate system of notes and citations. Many of our sources of information will be found in the bibliography con- tained herein. We also obtained much valuable information from bulletins issued by different branches of the University of Arizona and the United States Forestry Service, as well as from the proceedings of the State Legislatures and from different Arizona officials, including the Secretary — PREFACE 9 of State, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Adjutant General and the State Game Warden. To come down to the primary purpose of this M. v., while we have seriously endeavored to make the story a comprehensive, if brief, survey of the evolution of the land of Father Kino into the Com- monwealth we now know as Arizona, making it in a way a pageant of cowled friars, steel-capped Spanish conquistadores, painted Indians, bewhis- kered miners, swaggering cowboys, and finally, the prophetic-eyed reclaimers of the desert, its first object is to give entertainment to the reader something, after all, that should not wholly be lost sight of on the part of the author. Also, we have kept in mind that when Mrs. Emerson de Moliere Browning, of Phoenix, or Mrs. Many Horses, of the Navajo Reservation, is called upon to prepare a "paper" to be read before her respective woman's club, she has the right to expect that when she turns to The Story of Ari- zona she may do so in the unwavering faith that there is an authority somewhere for all that has been set down therein. In retelling stories that have more than one version, like the account of the Oatman tragedy, the killing of Mangas Colo- rado or the Penole Treaty, we have used the one that seemed to bear the most evidence of accuracy. Under the weight of our responsibilities to Mrs. Many Horses, we regret that we have had to be, at times, statistical; that in spite of our most stringent quarantine regulations, figures and dry facts would creep in. In consequence, while there 10 PREFACE are chapters that even we are willing to admit are not wholly without interest, there are others that read in places with the jocund sprightliness of an abstract of title. We would like to mark these arid spots with danger signals, but our skeptical publisher fears we might get them in the wrong place, and comfortably assures us that the reader will find them soon enough as it is. Finally, if we should be accused of putting more emphasis upon the picturesque than upon the ponderous, of spending more time with Padre Garces and the young man who dropped his sweet- heart into the muddy waters of an irrigation ditch than with him who sits in the seat of the mighty, we can only say that we never intended writing a Who's Who. We'd lots rather be accused of veil- ing Who's Interesting—and vital. It would probably be suspected, even if we didn't mention it, that another pen than ours had a prominent part in writing the chapter on Arizona Plant Life. Personally, our relations with trees and flowers are entirely friendly. We can tell a pine from an oak at a glance, know the bank where the Wild Thyme runs her overdraft, and have watched beds of poppies metamorphose dull brown earth to a cloth of gold for many springs; but when it comes to introducing the public to the plants of the State, not only by their nicknames, like "Johnny Jump-ups" or "Owls' Clover," but also occasionally dropping such awful noms de flora as Baccharis sarathroides, just to show one's familiarity with the language of the horticultural Horace, we know it is time for us to call for help. PREFACE 11 Now, we believe that when one is looking for a dentist or a photographer to operate on him, the best is none too good.