List of Illustrations

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE STEAMER "EXPLORER" •.•....•••••••••••••••. Frontispiece D . E. CONNER .••••••••••••.•••••••.•.....•••.••. Facing Page 145 PETER KITCHEN .••...•••••••.•••••• • ..••.••.•. Facing Page 195 SAMUEL C. HUGHES .... • ••••••.•••.• •.•.• .•••.. Facing Page 210 THOMAS JONATHAN JEFFORDS .••••••••••.• •••. .• Facing Page 228 COPYRIGHT 1915, CHARLES H . MEYER ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• Facing Page 240 BY SAMUEL C. MILLER .••..••••.••.••..••....•••••. Facing P age 258 THOMAS EDWIN FARISH, ED. G. PECK ..•••••••••••.••.•.•..••..•..••••. Facing Page 2,62 ARIZONA HISTORIAN JACKSON MCCRACKEN •.••.•••.•..•••••••.•••..• Facing Page 266 WILLIAM SANDERS OURY •.•••••••••.•...•.•••.. Facing Page 269 PETER R. BRADY .•••••.•.••..•• •• ..• •••• •••••.• Facing Page 283 MICHAEL GOLDWATER ...... Facing Page 287

THE FILMER BROTHERS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY TYPOGRAPHERS AND STEREOTYPERS SAN FRANCISCO CONTENTS.

VOLUME II.

CHAPTER I. STAGE LINES AND NAVIGATION. PAGE Silas !:It. John-San Antonio and San Diego Stage Line-James E. Birch-Isaiah C. Woods-First Mail-Wagon Road opened> by Leach and Hutton-First Stage-Butterfield Stage Line, afterwards Overland Mail Line-Massacre of Employees by Mexicans-Butterfield Route abandoned-Heintzelman and Mowry Mines-Lieutenant J. C. Ives' exploration up the Colorado-Explorat.ion by Captain Sitgreaves and Lieuten· ant Whipple-Captain Johnson-Lieutenant Ives' boat, the "ExpJorer"-Lieutenant Ives' report-Captain Johnson's an ticipation of Lieutenant Ives' exploration-Captain Rodgers -Early expedition by the Mormons-Jacob Hamblin...... 1

CHAPTER II. INDIANS-MASSACRES-OUTRAGES-RAIDS. Yumas, Cocopahs and Maricopas-Amojaves-Pimas-Fight, Yumas and Apache-Mohaves with Maricopas, Pimas and Papagoes-Indian Agents-John Walker-Abraham Lyons Expedition by Captain Bonneville-Apaches on warpath Cochise-Arrest of by Lieutenant Bascom and escape-Re taliation- Killing of H. C. Grosvenor and, Mexicans-Escape from country of mining men-Bill Rhodes' fight with Apaches -Results of outrages on Cochise-Killing of Lumbermen at Canoa-Mohaves unfriendly-Change of attitude attributed to Mormons-Subjugation of Mohaves by Colonel Hoffman E'stablishment of Fort Breckenridge-Conditions in Arizona, 1857 to 1860-Apache murders and robberies-Arizona a haven for renegades-Fight at Stein's Pass-Free Thomp- son Party-Killed by Cochise and Mangus Colorado-With drawal of Federal troops from Arizona-Resulting raids by Indians-Skill of Apaches in running off stock.. . . . • • ...... 26

CHAPTER III. EARLY MINES AND MINING. Repor~ of F. Biertu-Patagonia. (Mowry) mine-Discovery FIrst owners-The Eagle Mme-The San Pedro Mine Empire or Montezuma Mine-Santa Rita Mining Company Maricopa Mining Company-Sonora Exploring and Mining (iii) iv CONTENTS. CONTENTS. v PAGE Company-Cahuabi Mining Company-Arizona Copper Min- CHAPTER VI. ing Company-Sopori Land and Mining Company-Arizona THE LABORS OF THE CALlFOR.'>UA OOLUMN (Continued). PAGE Land and Mining Company-Colorado River Copper Mine Stevenson Mine Company-Harris Mine-St. Augustine Min- Attack upon Village of Pinoe Altos-Arizona Guards-Mangus ing Company-Jackson, Quartz Vein-Santa Rita del Cobre Colorado-Whipping of-Union of Mangus Colorado and -AbandoRment of mines caused by withdrawal of United Cochise-Massacre of Miners by Apaches-Battle of Apache States troops ..••.•. _...... ••••••...• _ • _ •••. _ 64 Pass-Description by Captain Cremony-Escape of John Teal-His shooting of Mangus Colorado-Introduction of Artillery io the Indians-Recovery of Mangus Colorado ...• 123 CHAPTER IV. CONFEDERATE OCCUPATION OF ARIZONA-ARRIVAL OF CALIFORNIA COLUMN. CHAPTER, VII. Peonage in New Mexico-Slave Territory-Abolishment of slavery INDIAN HOSTILITIES. in New Mexico-Attempt to attach New Mexican troops to Confederate cause-Arrival of Lieut-Col. John R. Baylor, Feeling towards Indians-Killing of Mangus Colorado-Personal C. S. A.-Organization of military government by him characteristics of Mangus Colorado-Killing of Mr. White and others-Outrages on the Indians-Election of Cochise Officials-Surrender of Union Troops to Baylor~Confed erate Convention at Tucson-Granville H. Oury elected as chief-His vow-Raids by Cochise-Major McCleve's ex Delegate to Confederate Congress-Baylor deprived of posi- pedition-Treaty with Indians by Commissioner John T. tion in Confederate Army-Confederate Texans take posses- Usher-Attack on Charles T. Hayden's train-Captain T. T. sion of Tucson-Arrival of California Column-Fight be Tidball's campaign-Samuel Butterworth's experience with tween Confederates under Lieut. Jack Swilling and Federals Indians.•••••• _ •. " ...... " ...... " ...... 143 under Lieut. James Barrett-Killing of Lieut. Barrett Stars and Stripes raised at Tucson-Evacuation of Terri- CHAPTER VIII. tory by Confederates-Fort Barrett established-Forts Buchanan and Breckenridge reoccupied-Camp LNavajos attack Fort Defiance-Expedition against Navajos by of formation of California Column-Report of operations General Canby-Navajos ri.de roughshod oV'er cou'ntry of Captain S. Hunter of the Confederates~onfederate General Carleton's report on conditions-Navajos' Country Enabling Aet-Proclamation of Jeff Davis . declaring en Colonel 'Kit' Carson's expedition against them-Notified to abling act in force and Territory organized under Confed surrender ;by ~eneral C~lrl~ton-Canyon de Chelly-Strong eracy-Granville H. Ouryand Marcus H. McWillie Delegates hoLd of ~avaJos-D~scrIpbon of-Campaign in-Surrender to Confederate Congress-Col. Baylor authorized to raise of NavaJOS and plaCIng of same on Reservation at Bosque Confederate troops in Arizona-His scheme to recover Ari Redondo-Number of Navajos-Clash with Mescalero zona and New Mexico for the Confederacy. . . • ...... • • 79 Apacbes at .Bosque Red~n~o-Failure of crops at Bosque Re~ondo-Mlserable condltlO-ns-General Carleton's mistaken ~lic.y-Gene:a.l Sherman and Colonel Tappan, Peace Com CHAPTER V. !llissIone~s, VlSlt Reservation-Establishment of reservation THE LABORS OF THE CALIFORNIA OOLUMN. m NavaJ? C~untry and Navajos removed to it-Prosperity Assembling (}f Column at Fort Yuma-Its marches-Arrival at o.f NayaJos In own country-Reservation enlarged-Condi Tucson-Letter of Colonel Carleton-Order for arrest of bo~s m 1884-Navajos self-supporting and friendly to Sylvester Mowry-Mowry held prisoner at Fort Yuma and whItes ...•.....•...... _... _.. _...... •... _...... 162 his property confiscated-Mowry's side of the story-His release and restoration of his property in valueless condition CHAPTER IX. -Carleton places Territory under martial law-Carleton made Brigadier-General-Taxes upon merchants in Tucson EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. -Fooling the Government Officials-Bill Bowers and his Pauline Weaver-Friendly with Indians-Discovers Gila placers eon tract for barley-Hank 'N' Yank-C. O. Brown's con also We·aver Diggings-Death of-Charles O. Brown-Mem: tract with Lieut.-Colonel West-Fight with Apaches-Cap- ber. of Glanton Band-At Tucson at time of Confederate in tain T. J. Jeffords-General Carleton's report to Adjutant vaslOn-Had mor:opoly Of. selling liquor and gambling General-Outrages by the Indians. . . . . • • . • • . . • • • •• •• • . • .. 100 BrGught first sewmg machme into territory, also first baby Vl· CONTENTS. CONTENTS. Vll PAOE carriage-Built Congress Hall in Tucson-Wrote "History CHAPTER XI. of Arizona"-L. J. F. Jaeger-Ran f erry at Yuma-Estab EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS (Continued). PAGE lished town of Sonoita-First American store in Tucson Ca t' Thomas Jonathan Jeffords-Made friends with Cochise- Charles D. Poston prospects and opens up mines-Appointed p ~:ides General Howard to .Cochise's camp;-Assists Howard superintendent of Indian Affairs-Promotes irrigation in making peace with CochIse-Made IndIan Agent-Death Herman Ehrenberg-Mining Engineer-Town of Ehrenberg of Cochise-Indians kill Rogers and Spence, who had sold named after him-Early settler at La Paz-Killed by liquor to them-Death ?f Jeffords-~harles H. Meyer Indians - Peter Kitchen - A successful rancher - Fortifies Owned first drugstore m Tucson--City Recorder-Kept houses-Fights with Indians-Description of his ranch Tucson an orderly city~Meyer street, Tucson, named after Hiram S. Stevens-Becomes rich in Arizona-Elected· Dele him-A. F. Banta-Government Guide-Member of Tenth gate to Congress-Story of his election-Ja~es Pennington Territorial Legislature-District Attorney, Apache County and Pennington Family-Harassed by Indlans- Story of Probate Judge, Apache ~ounty-Newspaperman-Pr ospec capture of Mrs. Paige by Indi~ns-James .Pennington an~ tor-Walker Party-Cap tam Joseph R. Walk e r-Per~onnel son killed by Indians-W. H. KIrkland-RaIsed first Amen- of company-Enlist under "Kit" Carson to fig~t Indians can flag at Tucson-He and wife first white couple married Second expedition-Personnel-Suspe~ted of trymg to effect in Arizona-Miner and rancher. __ .•••••• __ •••...••••••• _ 183 junction with Confederates-EstablIshec1 settlement near present town of Prescot~Trip ~o ~ima Vm~g.es-D.isc~very of Lynx Creek District-Orgamzahon of mmmg dIstnct CHAPTER X. Visited by part of California. Column-Pe~pl es' .Party: Guided by Pauline Weaver-D?scovery of RICh HIll:-Dls EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS (Continued)_ solution of Walker Party-Damel E. Conner last survivor Estevan Ochoa-Expulsion from Tucson by Confederates-Re Other parties-Military Districts-Fort Whipple established . . 227 turn to Tucson-Member of firm of Tully and Ochoa Draught oxen run off by Indians-"Jerked Beef Butte" Mayor of Tucson-Servecr in Territorial Legislature-John CHAPTER XII. F. Ston~Gives name to Stone Avenue-Tucson-Sylvester EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLER.S (Continuec1). Mowry-West Pointer-Resigns commission in aru:y to. take J. W. (Jack) Swilling-Lieutenant in Confederate Arnly-Mem up mining in Arizona-Becomes owner of Patagoma Mme bel' of Walker Party-Discovers Rich Hill-Builds first canal Mine confiscat.ed by General Carleton and Mowry arrested from Salt Rive'r-The Town Ditch-One o·f founders of Mowry as a writer-His views on Indians-Twice elected Phoenix-BUllds Tempe Canal-Discovers other mines-Ac Delegate to Congress before organization of Territory cused of holding up Wickenburg stage-Arrested: and con Death of in Englan,d-Samuel Hughes-Came to Arizona fined in Yuma Prison-Dies in Prison-His statement sick- Organized first bank in Tucson-One of organizers of Samuel C. Miller-Member of Walker Party-Kills Wauba Arizona Pioneers' Society-Henry Wickenburg-Discovers Yuba, Hualapai Chief-Becomes rancher-E'dwarc1 G. Peck Vulture mine-Town of Wickenburg named after him-Mem -Secured hay contract at Fort Whipple-Member of ex ber of Seventh Territorial Legislature-King S. Woolsey pedition uncleI' King Woolsey-Guide and scout for military First occupation in Territory mule driver- Becomes rancher -Discovers Peck Mine-Jackson McCracken-Cleanecl up for -Suspected of being Secessionist-Fights with Indians Legislature-Discovers McCracken Min~oes to California Hanging of dead chief-Member of Walker P.arty-One of and lives on proceeds of sale of mine-John T. AIsap-Fol discoverers of Lynx Creek-Opened first road mto Northern lowed mining and prospecting-Accompanies King Woolsey Arizona-"The Pinole Treaty"-"Wheat Fields"-Woolsey's on expedition against Apaches-First Territorial Treasurer experience with a "Bad Man"-Served in Legis1atl!re of member of Territorial Legislature three times-Probate Arizona-Defeated. for Delegate to Congress-Was LIeuten Judge of Maricopa County-District Attorney of Maricopa ant-Colonel of Volunteers and Aide on staffs of Governor County ...... •.. 250 Goodwin and Governor Safford-One of founders of Phoenix Flour Mills. __ ...••. _...... - • . . . . •• 202 CHAPTER XIII. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS (Con tin ued) . William S. Oury-Member of Expec1ition against Indians-Partici pant in "Camp Grant Massacre"-His own story of it Mentions many killed, wounded and robbed by Indians- Vlll CONTENTS.

PAGB Indietment, arrest, trial aud release of participants in massacre-First President of Arizona Pioneers' Soeiety Granville H . Oury-Commanded expedition out of Tucson to join Crabb-Sent as Delegate to Confederate Congress at Richmond-Return to Arizona-Twice Delegate to Con gress from Territory of Arizona ..••.•••.•.•....•.•..•.•• 268

CHAPTER XIV. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS (Continued). Peter R. Brady-Graduate of Annapolis-Member of surveying party-Farmer, miner and stockman-Candidate for Delegate to Congress-Defeated by R. C. McCormick-Assists Gov ernment in detecting Peralta-Reavis land fraud-His part ing with H. F. Ashurst-Death of'-:"'Michael Goldwater E'arly business man in Arizona-Lays out townsite of Ehrenberg-Many business ventures-Mayor of Prescott Death of--'Charl es Trumbull Hayden-Early Santa Fe Trader-Rides first Overland Stagecoach to Tucson-First Probate Judge at Tucson-Established: first ferry and first store at Tempe-Extensive mercantile and other interests- Death of .•••.•.•...... •...... • ...... • • • 283

CHAPTER XV. HISTORY OF ARIZONA FORMATION OF MINING DISTRICTS. VOLUME II Gold Placers on Colorado-Eureka Distriet--'Castle Dome-La Paz-Weaver and Walker Diggings-Planet Mine-Antelope Peak-Lynx Creek-Big Bug-Vulture Mine-Castle Dome Mining District-Weaver Mining District-Pioneer Mining District-Yapapei Mining District-Walker Mining Dis trict-Quartz Mountain Mining District ...•••.•••...•.•.. 291

CHAPTER XVI. CREATION OJ' TERRITORY. Real Causes for Creation Elf Territory-Efforts of Chas. D. Poston -Introduction of Bill for Creation by Mr. Ashley-Passage of Same Through House and Senate-Signing of Same by President Lincoln-Description of Passage of Bill by Ohas. D. Post.on-Appointments of Officials of Territory-Starting of Officials for Territory ••.•...... ••...• 321 fIISTORY

ARIZONA

THOMAS EDWIN FARISH,

ARIZONA HISTORIAN,

VOLUMMIIII NA STATE LIBRARY ARCHIVES & PUBLIC RECORDS

JUN 2 6 2014

PHOENIX, ARIZONA. 1915