PHOENIX, ARIZONA: the HISTORY (By Marie & Mélisande)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PHOENIX, ARIZONA: the HISTORY (By Marie & Mélisande) PHOENIX, ARIZONA: THE HISTORY (by Marie & Mélisande) The earliest inhabitants of the Valley of the Sun (Valley of the Sun) are the Hohokam Indians, who lived in the region from 300 BC Their civilization flourished through the mastery of a sophisticated system irrigation. The water drawn from the Salt River was brought into the fields through a network of canals. We can find their traces in many sites in Arizona, including Pueblo Grande (700-1400). Their disappearance in the 15th century remains a mystery to historians. Several hypotheses have been advanced (drought, war, emigration) and some experts consider the Pima and Tohono O'odham peoples as their descendants. In 1867, Jack Swilling of Wickenburg is the first to realize the advantages of the site of the future Phoenix, at the foot of the White Tank Mountains. He built a canal from the Salt River to power a first settlement of farmers. The area would become part of Phoenix was named in his honor Swilling's Mill. Darrell Duppa suggested the name "Phoenix" in conjunction with the rebirth of irrigated agriculture in this region. The city was officially recognized by the board of Yavapai County, May 4, 1868. It is then a small village of farmers and miners. The post office opened June 15 of that year, under the leadership of Jack Swilling. On 12 February 1871, the authorities decided to create the Maricopa County (Maricopa County) and Tom Barnum was elected as the first sheriff. The first public school operated from September 5, 1872, in the building of the county, before entering a building with adobe in 1873..
Recommended publications
  • List of Illustrations
    LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. THE STEAMER "EXPLORER" •.•....•••••••••••••••. Frontispiece D . E. CONNER .••••••••••••.•••••••.•.....•••.••. Facing Page 145 PETER KITCHEN .••...•••••••.•••••• • ..••.••.•. Facing Page 195 SAMUEL C. HUGHES .... • ••••••.•••.• •.•.• .•••.. Facing Page 210 THOMAS JONATHAN JEFFORDS .••••••••••.• •••. .• Facing Page 228 COPYRIGHT 1915, CHARLES H . MEYER ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• Facing Page 240 BY SAMUEL C. MILLER .••..••••.••.••..••....•••••. Facing P age 258 THOMAS EDWIN FARISH, ED. G. PECK ..•••••••••••.••.•.•..••..•..••••. Facing Page 2,62 ARIZONA HISTORIAN JACKSON MCCRACKEN •.••.•••.•..•••••••.•••..• Facing Page 266 WILLIAM SANDERS OURY •.•••••••••.•...•.•••.. Facing Page 269 PETER R. BRADY .•••••.•.••..•• •• ..• •••• •••••.• Facing Page 283 MICHAEL GOLDWATER ...........................Facing Page 287 THE FILMER BROTHERS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY TYPOGRAPHERS AND STEREOTYPERS SAN FRANCISCO CONTENTS. VOLUME II. CHAPTER I. STAGE LINES AND NAVIGATION. PAGE Silas !:It. John-San Antonio and San Diego Stage Line-James E. Birch-Isaiah C. Woods-First Mail-Wagon Road opened> by Leach and Hutton-First Stage-Butterfield Stage Line, afterwards Overland Mail Line-Massacre of Employees by Mexicans-Butterfield Route abandoned-Heintzelman and Mowry Mines-Lieutenant J. C. Ives' exploration up the Colorado-Explorat.ion by Captain Sitgreaves and Lieuten· ant Whipple-Captain Johnson-Lieutenant Ives' boat, the "ExpJorer"-Lieutenant Ives' report-Captain Johnson's an­ ticipation of Lieutenant Ives' exploration-Captain Rodgers -Early expedition
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona Historical Review, Vol
    Arizona Historical Review, Vol. 4 No. 1 (April 1931) Item Type text; Article Publisher Arizona State Historian (Phoenix, AZ) Journal Arizona Historical Review Rights This content is in the public domain. Download date 09/10/2021 23:18:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623321 ARIZONA HISTORICAL Editor Managing Editor Effie R. Keen REVIEW Sidney Kartus Associate Editors John P. Clum Will C. Barnes Vol. 4 APRIL, 1931 No. 1 CONTENTS Arizona Museum Cover Sketch by Elizabeth S. Oldaker Notes 3 Some Unpublished History of the Southwest 5 By Col. Cornelius C. Smith, with a foreword by Will C. Barnes Effie Robinson Keen, State Historian 21 By Sidney Kartus The Hunter Claim 23 By Evan S. Stallcup Lieut. Chas. B. Gatewood and the Surrender of Geronimo 29 By Col. Chas. B. Gatewood Don Lorenzo Hubbell of Ganado 45 By Dorothy Challis Mott The Twenty-Dollar Dummies 52 By Con P. Cronin Apache Misrule 56 By John P. Clum Ancient Ceremonial Caves of Central Arizona 69 By Frank Mitalsky Arizona Museum Notes 75 By Elizabeth S. Oldaker In Memoriam 77 By Sidney Kartus Published Quarterly by ARIZONA STATE HISTORIAN PHOENIX, ARIZONA Subscription $3.00 Per Year Entered as Second Class Mail ARIZONA HISTORY FOR SALE In the office of the State Historian, Capitol Building, Phoenix, Arizona, are for sale the following books, published by the state: Farish History of Arizona, Volumes 1 and 2 Price $1.50 per volume A limited number of Volumes 5 and 6 of this History at $5.00 per volume Mormon Settlement of Arizona: McClintock Price $2.50 Arizona State Song 40 cents Legislative History of Arizona-1864 to 1912: Kelly Price $2.50 Prehistoric Irrigation in Arizona: Turney With Copyrighted Map, $2.00 All Back Numbers of the Arizona Historical Review with exception of Volume 1, Numbers 1 and 4 Price 75 cents each GEORGE W.
    [Show full text]
  • MANIFEST DESTINY Unit #6 United States History EL PASO / SANTA FE
    MANIFEST DESTINY Unit #6 United States History EL PASO / SANTA FE The two largest Spanish settlements in what is today the United States One factor that discouraged Hispanic settlement of New Mexico was the threat of war with nomadic Native Americans in the surrounding area, such as the Navajos, Comanches, and Apaches. TUCSON / TUBAC The two Spanish settlements in modern day Arizona, both explored and established by Jesuit Missionary Francisco Kino. CLOSURE QUESTION #1: WHAT LONG-TERM EFFECTS DID THE INTRODUCTION OF HORSES AND FIREARMS HAVE ON NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE WEST? The nomads of the Great Plains, known to the Spanish as Apaches, were becoming more powerful. The Apaches lived by hunting vast herds of buffalo. These hunts became easier after 1680 when the Apaches acquired horses from the Spanish. On horseback, men could see farther, travel faster, and kill their pray more quickly and in greater safety. At the same time, the nomads began to acquire firearms from French traders. The Indians continued to hunt with bows and arrows, but they used guns to wage war. In 1800, a trader on the Great Plains remarked, “This is a delightful country and, were it not for perpetual wars, the natives might be the happiest people on earth.” The conflict stemmed largely from competition for buffalo herds. Well- armed groups, such as the Comanches of the Rocky Mountains and the Lakotas of the Mississippi Valley, spread at the expense of Apaches and other long-time residents of the Great Plains. APACHES / COMANCHES / LAKOTAS Nomadic Native American Tribes that competed for dominance on the Great Plains in the 1700’s and 1800’s, discouraging European settlement in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY DAYS in ARIZONA As Seen by THOMAS THOMPSON HUNTER
    Early Days in Arizona Item Type text; Article Authors Hunter, Thomas Thompson Publisher Arizona State Historian (Phoenix, AZ) Journal Arizona Historical Review Rights This content is in the public domain. Download date 26/09/2021 13:09:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623448 EARLY DAYS IN ARIZONA 105 EARLY DAYS IN ARIZONA As Seen By THOMAS THOMPSON HUNTER In the fall of 1867 I entered the Territory of Arizona with a herd of cattle gathered in Central Texas and driven across the plains, seeking a market at the Government Post, the only beef supply available at the time for the different army posts. The trip was a dreary one from the start, accompanied by dangers and hardships innumerable. Every inch of the distance across was menaced by hostile Indians, who never lost an opportunity to attack our outfit. For weeks at a time we subsisted solely upon our herd ; beef straight being our only ration. Apache Pass was the first place of any note reached in Arizona. A small company of U. S. Infantry occupied the military post there, know as Fort Bowie. On the day of our arrival at Bowie, it looked pretty gloomy and lonesome for the few soldiers stationed there. The Indians were hooting and guying the soldiers from the cliffs and boulders on the mountain sides. They spoke mostly in Spanish, but several of their number could make themselves understood in our native tongue (English). A few days before our arrival at Fort Bowie a sad accident happened that impressed me very much.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies Standards Elementary
    DIOCESE OF TUCSON DEPARTMENT OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLS SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS GRADES K-5 June 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………. 3 Framework …………………………………………………………………… 4 Competency Skills ………………………………………………………… 5 Progression Map …………………………………………………………… 7 Kindergarten …………………………………………………………………. 8 Second Grade ………………………………………………………………… 11 Third Grade ……………………………………………………………………. 13 Fourth Grade ………………………………………………………………….. 15 Fifth Grade …………………………………………………………………….. 17 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Diocese of Tucson Department of Catholic Schools wishes to express our gratitude to the Social Studies Standards Committee for its work in revising and updating the K-8 Social Studies Standards: Tanya Bullard Kresta Leal Lourdes Catholic School Saints Peter & Paul Catholic School Nogales Tucson Frances Colunga Nicole Pickett Sacred Heart Catholic School Immaculate Heart School Nogales Oro Valley Jessica Heredia Will Russell Sacred Heart Catholic School St. Augustine Catholic High School Nogales Tucson Diane Kopf Amanda Sage St. Anthony Catholic School Saints Peter & Paul Catholic School Casa Grande Tucson Michelle Buhs Instructional Support Coordinator Department of Catholic Schools The Standards Committee recognizes with gratitude the following dioceses for sharing their social studies standards work which served as inspiration behind this Committee’s revision of the Diocese of Tucson Social Studies Standards: Diocese of Phoenix Archdiocese of Cincinnati Archdiocese of Portland Interdiocesan Curriculum Committee, New York 3 FRAMEWORK The goal of the Social Studies Standards Committee was to create a course of study that will prepare students to be 21st century citizens through gaining an understanding of how the actions of people throughout history have created and solved social, economic, and global problems, and developing the ability to think critically and logically. The standards are intended to provide the classroom teacher with identifiable and measurable objectives that are developmentally appropriate for each grade level.
    [Show full text]
  • Download out of the Ashes
    OUTOUT OF OF THE THE ASHES ASHES THE HISTORYHISTORY OF THE CITY OF PHOENIX Early Life Along the Salt River and the land became fertile. The ultimate fate of this ancient society, however, is a mystery. undreds of years before any of the cities The accepted belief is that it was destroyed by in the eastern part of our country were a prolonged drought. Roving Indians, Hso much as clearings in the wilderness, observing the Pueblo Grande ruins and the vast a well established, civilized community canal system these people left behind, gave populated the land we know as Phoenix. The them the name “Ho Ho Kam” – meaning the Pueblo Grande ruins, which were occupied people who have gone. between 700 A.D. and 1400 A.D., are a Phoenix’s modern history begins in the testament to our city’s ancient roots. second half of the 19th century. In 1867, Jack The wide Salt River ran through the Valley Swilling of Wickenburg stopped to rest his of the Sun, but there was little rain or melting horse at the foot of the north slopes of the snow to moisten the brown earth from river to White Tank Mountains. He looked down and mountain range on either side. But former across the expansive Salt River Valley and his residents were industrious, enterprising and eyes caught the rich gleam of the brown, dry imaginative. They built an irrigation system, soil turned up by the horse’s hooves. He saw consisting mostly of some 135 miles of canals, 1 farm land, predominately free of rocks, and in a place beyond the reach of heavy frost or snow.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona Historical Review, Vol
    Arizona Historical Review, Vol. 2 No. 3 (October 1929) Item Type text; Article Publisher Arizona State Historian (Phoenix, AZ) Journal Arizona Historical Review Rights This content is in the public domain. Download date 04/10/2021 01:12:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623308 noT ARIZONA HISTORICAL REVIEW CONTENTS Current Comment Geo. H. Kelly Prehistoric Irrigation Dr. O. A. Turney It All Happened in Tombstone John P. Clum Early Arizona Court Experiences ..... ____Hon. A. C. Baker Advent to Southwest G A. Clum Reminiscences of a Pioneer Isaac Goldberg Hopi Indian Snake Dance Mrs. J. X. McDonald Providing Education in Arizona Geo. H. Kelly Vol. 2. OCTOBER, 1929 No. 3. Published Quarterly by ARIZONA STATE HISTORIAN PHOENIX, ARIZONA Entered as Second Class Mail Tomorrow... the history of Arizona's Today will be written. We will be proud of our part in the Industrial and Domestic Development of the communities we are serving and helping to build in Arizona. ARIZONA EDISON CO. Electricity Gas --Water --Ice Bisbee Globe Florence Coolidge Douglas Miami Casa Grande Gila Bend Yuma Safford A. P. K. SAFFORD Served as Governor of the Territory of Arizona. Appointed by President Grant in April, 1869. Won the affections of Arizonians by his great efforts in behalf of public education. ARIZONA Historical Review A QUARTERLY SUBSCRIPTION $3.00 PER YEAR Volume 2 OCTOBER, 1929 Number 3 Arr- STATE CAPITOL BUILDING HART, SCHA.FFNER & MARX CLOTHES Vic Hanny Co. 36-42 North Central -- Twin Fronts Stetson Hats Arrow Shirts Johnston & Murphy Shoes
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Garrisoning of the Southwest
    Contents “Manifest Destiny” ........................................................................................................ 4 Outpost in Apacheria .................................................................................................. 10 The Apache as W arrior ................................................................................................ 12 Dragoons: Garrisoning the Gadsden Purchase ...................................................... 18 Outposts: Tactics in the Apache Campaigns ........................................................... 20 Outposts: Col. Bonneville and the ............................................................................ 33 1857 Battle of the Gila River ....................................................................................... 33 Outposts: The U.S. Army in the Pimeria Alta ........................................................... 36 Voices: Bald y Ewell at For t Buchanan...................................................................... 43 Outposts: The Navaho Campaigns of 1858-60 ......................................................... 44 Roll Call: Sarah Bowman—The Great W estern ........................................................ 49 Outposts: The Anglo Settlers .................................................................................... 51 The Rancher ................................................................................................................. 51 The Miner ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indenture and Affection in Intercultural Arizona, 1864-1894
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2012 Territorial Bonds: Indenture and Affection in Intercultural Arizona, 1864-1894 Katrina Jagodinsky University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Jagodinsky, Katrina, "Territorial Bonds: Indenture and Affection in Intercultural Arizona, 1864-1894" (2012). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 143. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/143 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in ON THE BORDERS OF LOVE AND POWER: FAMILIES AND KINSHIP IN THE INTERCULTURAL AMERICAN SOUTHWEST, ed. David W. Adams & Crista DeLuzio (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012), pp. 255-277. 11 Territorial Bonds Indenture and Affection in Intercultural Arizona, 1864-1894 Katrina Jagodinsky Borderlands families have never had it easy, and the second half of the nineteenth century was no exception. In an act of love and power, American and Hispano families reached out to Indian women and children to ease their borderlands bur­ dens. Lieutenant Colonel King S. Woolsey left his central Arizona ranch in 1864 to kill Apaches and claim land; he returned from his campaign with a ten-year-old Yaqui girl as his personal consort. Lucia Martinez bore the Colonel's children and harassment until his death in 1879. The territorial patriarch left his illegitimate children no inheritance, but he had indentured them, ironically making them eli­ gible for $1,000 from his estate.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds of Growth: Neighborhoods on the Salt River Floodplain VARS Locational Map
    Seeds of Growth: Neighborhoods on the Salt River Floodplain VARS Locational Map The City of Phoenix Aviation Department’s Community Noise Reduction Program (CNRP) funded this report. The CNRP was created by the Phoenix City Council in 2002, and offered services to eligible Phoenix and Tempe residents living in the neighborhoods most severely impacted by noise from aircraft using Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Residential property owners wishing to receive assistance were eligible for Voluntary Acquisition and Relocation Services (VARS). The VARS boundaries, determined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), were 7th Street to the west, 44th Street to the east, Washington Street to the north, and University Drive to the south. VARS was a voluntary buy-out program whereby eligible home- and landowners could sell their property to the City of Phoenix and relocate to a comparable dwelling of their choice in any community outside of the program area and outside other noise-impacted areas. The CNRP-VARS project area included seven residential neighborhoods: Eastlake Park, North/32nd Street, Ann Ott, El Campito, Cuatro Milpas, Green Valley, and Rio Salado San Juan Bautista. From 2007 to 2013, a research team from Desert Archaeology, Inc. and Arizona Preservation Consultants studied prehistoric and historic archaeological resources affected by the project. This research, sponsored by the City of Phoenix, in cooperation with the FAA and the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), was conducted in compliance with federal and state laws that protect our nation’s cultural resources, ensuring that the valuable scientific information contained in these resources would be carefully collected, analyzed, preserved, and reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourr, William Collection
    ARIZONA HISTORICAL SOCIETY 949 East Second Street Library and Archives Tucson, AZ 85719 (520) 617-1157 [email protected] MS 268 FOURR, WILLIAM (“UNCLE BILLY”), 1843-1935 PAPERS, 1864-1983 DESCRIPTION Fourr was one of Arizona’s pioneer settlers who came to the territory in 1863 to prospect for gold and died at his ranch in the Dragoon Mountains in 1935. Fourr, known as “Uncle Billy” was a gold prospector, rider on the Southern Arizona mail route, rancher, Apache Indian fighter and cattleman. This collection consists chiefly of a hand-written six-volume memoir of his adventures in Arizona entitled A Young Man’s Life in the West. The collection includes type-written transcripts of the originals plus Fourr’s reminiscences of his life as told to Mrs. George S. Kitt, Secretary of the Pioneer Society, during the period 1925- 30. The collection includes an oath of allegiance to the United States (Union side of Civil War) signed by Fourr, Feb. 21, 1864. 1 boxes, .5 linear ft. ACQUISITION These materials were donated to this Historical Society in the early 1930’s by Mr. and Mrs. William Fourr. ACCESS There are no restrictions on access to this collection. COPYRIGHT Requests for permission to publish material from this collection should be addressed to the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Archives Department. PROCESSING Processing of this collection was completed in January 1998 by Sue Conklin, Volunteer, under the supervision of Riva Dean, Archives Manager. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE William Fourr was born in Missouri on July 11, 1842. He headed west while still in his teens when he hired on as a cattle driver with a herd headed to Fort Craig in New Mexico in 1861.
    [Show full text]
  • Trinidad Meija Escalante Swilling: the Mother of Phoenix
    1 Trinidad Meija Escalante Swilling: the Mother of Phoenix By: Christine Marin. 2009. The presence of Mexicans in Arizona dates back several centuries, since the area that includes present-day Arizona existed as the northern frontier of New Spain, and later, Mexico, until the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the 1853 Gadsden Purchase clearly defined the U.S-Mexican boundaries and Mexicans became American citizens. The region we now call “Arizona” remained their home. In 1867, John W. “Jack” Swilling, an enterprising frontiersman known as the “Father of Phoenix”, and his wife, Trinidad Meija Escalante Swilling, the “Mother of Phoenix,” arrived in the Salt River Valley to make their home. Trinidad Meija Escalante Swilling was born in 1847 in Hermosillo, Mexico. Her grandfather came to Mexico during the Spanish Colonial period and her mother, Petra Mejia Escalante, was born in Mexico. After the death of Trinidad’s father, Ignatius, in 1864, she and her mother came to Tucson to be with relatives. Trinidad was just a young girl then. The story is that Jack Swilling, a Confederate veteran of the American Civil War, had been involved in mining interests near and around the Prescott area, and was in Tucson on a flour-buying trip for Indian fighter King S. Woolsey. When Jack arrived in Tucson, the mill was out of flour and he was forced to wait until flour could be brought in from Hermosillo. Jack and Trinidad somehow met and, as they say, fell in love. Trinidad ran away with Jack, against her mother’s wishes, and she and Jack lived together in the Tucson area until the next priest came through Tucson to baptize Mexican children, and to confirm Catholic marriages.
    [Show full text]