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Shaping the Future of Africa with the People 1 Declarations and Resolutions 2015 Johannesburg SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AF2015RICA JOHANNESBURG WITH | SHAPING THE THE FUTURE PEOPLE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE i The 7th edition of the Africities Summit took place at the Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa from 29 November to 3 December 2015. The Summit was convened by the United Cities and Local Governments of Africa and hosted by the City of Johannesburg, the South African Local Government Association and the South African Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. This report has been compiled by the South African Cities Network. cooperative governance Department: Cooperative Governance REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Contents Declarations and Resolutions 2 PART 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The African Context 4 PART 2 Overview of Africities 7 2.1 Theme of Africities 7 Summit 8 2.2 Objectives of Africities 7 9 2.3 Africities 7 Sessions 9 2.4 The 12 Lessons of Africities 10 PART 3 The Speeches 13 PART 4 Achieving the Future of Agenda 2063 42 4.1 Exploration of Possible Futures 43 4.2 The Formulation of Strategies 45 PART 5 The Contribution of African Local Governments to Achieving the Agenda 2063 49 5.1 Challenges and Opportunities 49 5.2 Women’s Voices on the Implementation of the Agenda 2063 53 5.3 Tripartite Discussion 54 5.4 Political Resolutions and Commitments 56 5.5 Concluding Resolutions 57 5.6 Other Declarations 61 PART 6 Experience of Local Government and Partners 65 6.1 The South African Cities Network (SACN) Sessions 65 6.2 UCLG Africa Sessions 80 6.3 Stakeholder Sessions 99 6.4 Partner Sessions 116 The Exhibition at Africities 2015 134 PART 7 Spotlight on 7 Cities: Johannesburg, Cairo, Khartoum, Kinshasa, Dar es Salam, Dakar and Lagos 136 7.1 Environment and Natural Resources 136 7.2 Demography 137 7.3 The Economy 139 7.4 Social Structures 141 7.5 Governance 141 7.6 Major Trends and Seeds of Change 142 7.7 The Scenarios 145 7.8 Strategic Options 151 7.9 Conclusion 156 PART 8 Annexes 157 8.1 The UCLGA Assembly 157 List of Acronyms 158 Notes 160 2015 JOHANNESBURG | SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE 1 Declarations and Resolutions Declaration of Mayors and Local Authorities in Africa 57 Communiqué by the Ministers 58 Declaration of the Development Partners 59 Africities 7th Summit Declaration 60 Declaration of Intent Chinese and African Mayors 61 UN-Habitat Declaration for Africities 7 62 Resolution by African local and sub-national governments towards UNFCCC COP 21/CMP 11 90 REFELA Declaration The Network of Locally Elected Women in Africa 93 African Local Governments’ Charter on Migrants 95 2 2015 JOHANNESBURG | SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE PART 1 1. Introduction Africities is a pan-African event that is held every three years in one of the five regions of Africa. It mobilizes communities and local authorities in African countries, as well as financial institutions, civil society groups and development partners at continental and international level. The 7th edition of the Africities Summit took place at the Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa from 29 November to 3 December 2015. It was convened by the United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLGA) and hosted by the City of Johannesburg (City of Joburg), the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) and the South African Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (DCOG). The 2500 participants represented stakeholders of African local life as well as Africa’s partners in development from other regions of the world. Also in attendance were the ministers in charge of local government, housing and urban development, and public service; local authorities and local elected officials and councillors; municipal mayors, and officials of local and central administrations; civil society organizations and associations, and trade unions; economic operators from the public and private sectors, and the social/solidarity economy; traditional leaders; researchers and academics; the media and international agencies; exhibitors; invited guests, speakers and presenters. Under the theme “Shaping the Future of Africa with the People: Africa’s local government contribution to the African Union’s Agenda 2063”, the Summit met within the context of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 as well the United Nations newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. The challenge was to seek solutions in a collaborative manner to achieve these goals. The Summit also looked forward to the upcoming meetings between Africa and China, COP21 and Habitat III. 2015 JOHANNESBURG | SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE 3 Through interlinked sessions, thematic sessions, open sessions, African local coalitions, UCLGA programmes, partners and political sessions, Africities 7 participants engaged in rigorous debates on the best possible ways and practical alternatives for enhancing service delivery to the people who receive local government operations and services. The Summit took place over five days. An opening plenary on Day One in the morning was followed by parallel sessions in the afternoon of Day One and throughout Days Two and Three. Days Four and Five were reserved for the political dialogues, dedicated to meetings of ministers, mayors and local authorities, African institutions and development partners. At the closing plenary on Day Five, the conclusions, recommendations and resolutions agreed upon during the Summit were adopted. 1.1 The African Context Africa is in the middle of major transitions that are unfolding in its demography, economy, politics, technological development and environment. If these transitions are to lead to holistic and equitable social, economic and environmental development, Africa’s approaches to urban development and the role of local government will need major rethinking. In the context of rapid urbanization, African countries face complex challenges in delivering services at optimal levels and providing socially just, sustainable and well-serviced living and working environments for its populations. It is becoming clear that the impacts of climate change profoundly exacerbate these complex challenges. These impacts and environmental degradation are already being felt and present local governments (in both urban and rural areas) with unprecedented challenges. By 2050, Africa’s population will rise to over two billion people, representing 25% of the world’s population, against 15% today. Beyond the sheer size of the continent’s future population, this demographic boom is also unique in terms of its spatial dynamics: both cities and rural areas will grow fast, and their interactions will intensify. While dependency ratios will fall, jobs will need to be created for the youth entering the labour market. Promoting regional development and spatial inclusion should be at the heart of Africa’s development strategies. Regional development can promote spatial inclusion and unlock the potential of African economies. Initiatives such as the proposed North-South transport corridor from Dar-es-Salaam to Durban, which crosses eight countries, could bring economic growth and better infrastructure, and improve links. The combination of demographic pressures, rapid urbanization, and environmental and climate change appear to reinforce a host of negative urban externalities. At the same time, the prevailing development concepts applied to Africa’s rapidly expanding urban areas seem incapable of achieving the post-independence visions of human development and prosperity for all. The 7th Africities Summit provided an opportunity to reflect on the radical shift that is needed in our thinking about the future of African cities. 4 2015 JOHANNESBURG | SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE Development in Africa Despite progress, the level of human development in Africa remains low, and aggregate growth indicators mask significant variations in poverty and deprivation among and within countries. Distribution of income and consumption in Africa is highly skewed, and socio- economic and geographic differences contribute to uneven human development within countries. Both least-developed and middle-income countries face challenges relating to low human development, poverty and exclusion and are vulnerable to health, environmental and social risks. Gender inequality and exclusion exist in many countries with high levels of discrimination present in relation to access to resources and assets, as well as violence against women. Human development Over the last 30 years, poverty in African countries has barely fallen, whereas worldwide poverty has reduced from about 40% to under 20%. • Over 40% of people living in sub-Saharan Africa still live in absolute poverty • 75% of the world’s poorest countries are in Africa and include Zimbabwe, Liberia and Ethiopia. • Approximately one in three people living in sub-Saharan Africa are undernourished. In sub-Saharan Africa: • 589 million people live without electricity. • 273 million (37% of the 738 million people globally) lack access to clean water • Every year, $28.4 billion lost due to water and sanitation problems. • Fewer than 20% of African women have access to education. • Approximately one in 16 women dies during childbirth or pregnancy. • More than one million people, mostly children under the age of five, die every year from malaria. And 38% of the world’s refugees are located in Africa. Economy and finance Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth is expected to strengthen to 4.5% in 2015 and 5% in 2016, after
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