DOCSLIB.ORG

Integral Role of the Church in Alleviating Poverty in Kinshasa (D.R.C.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Integral Role of the Church in Alleviating Poverty in Kinshasa (D.R.C.) TANGAZA COLLEGE The Catholic University of Eastern Africa INTEGRAL ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY IN KINSHASA (D.R.C.) This Long Essay is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Religious Studies AUTHOR: Alma TILIMBINI KIKAY, C.P. TUTOR: Rev. Fr. Aelred Lacomara, C.P. MARCH 2002 NAIROBI - KENYA DECLARATION Title: Integral Role of the Church in Alleviating Poverty in Kinshasa (D.R.C.) I hereby declafe that the material used herein has not been submitted for academic credit to any other institution. All sources have been cited in full. Signed c"--4-....t .......L-1--- ....... • •.. ...... .... ................ .......... Aime TILIMBINI KIKAY, C.P. Date ...ERI:rwarm-, a- G, ;loot C This long essay has been submitted for examination with my approval as the college supervisor. Signed 12ae-ce J/ch-e-ea--4-1 e.4 Rev. Fr. Aelred Lacomara, C.P. (Supervisor) 4$2o 2— Date ii DEDICATION To my late father, TILIMBINI Gaston, whose pious life and care prepared and strengthened my spiritual life; To my mother, Marie-Jeanne IKAICIE, who taught me love for learning and longing for higher standard of life; To the members of my family, friends and relatives, I dedicate this essay. I 4 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENT There are many people whose benevolent sacrifices made this study possible. It would be ingratitude if I fail to acknowledge that. Therefore, praising and thanking God for his immense blessings and love, I also ask his blessings on all those who have contributed in one-way or another to the realization of this essay. I can only mention those, whose immediate interest and support brought it to effect. I thank the congregation of the Passion of our Lord Jesus-Christ, more especially the Vicariate Christ the Savior, through its regional Superior the Rev. Fr. Elie Muakasa (C.P.) for the support of which I have benefited during my stay in Kisirna. Father AELRED LACOMARA (C.P.), an attentive, wise and friendly moderator, merits special thanks and appreciation for his encouragement and total availability. I extend my thanks to Reverend Passionist Fathers Anthony, Willy Okey and John Muthengi who contributed in my research and religious formation. I am equally in debt to all my confreres in the Passionist Community, Tangaza College and beyond, and all friends wherever they are, for their glowing love, concern and prayers. AL144 Tl LIM-BI NI, a? iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement Table of contents iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 The Aim of this Essay 1 The Structure of the l'ssay 1 Methodology of Research 2 Chapter One 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND LEADING TO POVERTY 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL SITt ATION 3 1.2 POPULATION 3 1.3 BRIEF HISTORY 4 1.4 MEANING OF POVERTY 5 1.5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND LEADING TO POVERTY 6 CONCLUSION 9 10 Chapter Two VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF POVERTY 10 2.0 INTRODUCTION 10 2.1 It INEMPLOYMENT AND 1ACK OF INCOME 10 2.2 SITUATION OF 11 IF POOR 15 2.3 FACTORS LEADING TO POVERTY 19 2.4 CONSFOliTNCIS OF l'OVER TY 20 21 CONCLUSION 23 Chapter Three POVERTY IN SCRIPTURES AND IN THE ClIURCH TRADITION/MAGISTERIUM 23 23 3.0 INTRODUCTION 3.1.1 POVERTY IN THE OLD TESTAMENT 23 3.1.2 PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT IN 111E OLD ESTAMENTUNDERSTANDING 24 OF POVERTY 3.1.3 l'l IE POOR IN [lIE BOOK OF PSALMS 25 26 3.1.4 AMOS A SUMMARY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT CONCEPT OF POVERTY 27 27 3.2 POVERTY IN 'THE NEW tEsTANcNt 3.2.1 CIIANGE IN MEANING 01' THE "POOR" 27 28 3.2.2. JESUS' OPTION FOR THE POOR 29 3.2.3. LUKE BAD INTERPRETA [ION OF LUKE 6: 34a 29 CORRECT INTERPRETATION OF LUKE 6: 34a 29 3.2.4 MATTHEW 29 3.2.5. PERPETUAL PRESENCE or TIIE POOR? 30 3.2.6. OTHER NEW TESTAMENT TEXTS 30 3.3 THE TRADITION OF TIIE CI IURCI l'S SOCIAL THEACHING 31 3.3.1 Pope Leo XIII, Rerun! Nunn.= (15 may, 1891) 31 3.3.2 Pius XI's Quadragesimo Anno 32 3.3.3 JOHN XXIII, Pacem in "rCITIS and Mater et Magistra 33 3.3.4 PAUL VI, Popubrum Progressio 34 3.3.5 THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL "Gaudium et Spes" 7 Dee 1965. 34 3.3.6 JOHN PAUL II, Soil icitudo Rei Socialis (On social concern) 1997 and Centesimus Annus 35 CONCLUSION 35 Chapter Four: 37 INTEGRAL ROLE OF IIIE CHURCH IN REDUCING POVERTY IN KINSIIASA 37 4.0. INTRODUCTION 37 4.1. CLARIFICATION OF TERMS 37 4.1.1. CHURCH 37 4.1.2. INTEGRAL ROLE OF THE CHURCII 38 4.2. TILE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN PROMOTING SOCIAL SERVICES 39 4.2.1. HEALTH 39 4.2.2. L,DUCA rioN 41 4.3 THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN PROVIDING PILYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS 42 4.4 THE CI LURCH'S ROLE IN RECOVERING KINSIIASA'S ECONOMY 44 4.5. CHURCH'S ROLE IN POLITICAL LIFE 45 4.6. TI-IL CHURCH'S ROLE IN PROMOTING SOCIO-CUI.TURAL NEEDS 47 4.7. CIILIRCH'S ROLE IN SPIRITUAL NEEDS 48 4.8. ENCOURAGING PARASITISM? 49 CONCLUSION 51 NERAI CONCIIISION 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY 54 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. The Aim of this Essay The paper is entitled: "Integral role of the Church in alleviating poverty in Kinshasa." Its aim is to analyze the reality of poverty in Kinshasa, to diagnose the causes, and to seek ways to alleviate poverty. Due to many factors, Kinshasa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) at large is facing poverty. A lot of Kinshasa's inhabitants lack basic needs: they lack educational facilities, live in poor housing conditions and environment; face hunger and have inadequate medical care, etc. All these are manifestations of poverty, which have created difficult consequences in the lives of the people of Kinshasa. Some of these are an increase of HIV /AIDS, crime, crises in family life, especially the crisis of faith. Poverty is somehow an obstacle for people in uniting themselves with God. It is therefore the task of every inhabitant of Kinshasa to work for both personal development and that of the whole nation. The Church in particular, being the extension of Jesus who came to liberate the poor, must carry out the mission of addressing this poverty. The Church in Kinshasa must enable the people to work towards their well-being. The Church must promote all aspects of human life. If our preaching, theology or faith are to make sense, we must be sensitive to the needs of the present day. Spiritual life must be supported by physical life as well. 2. The Structure of the Essay This Essay has four chapters. The first is entitled, "Historical Background Leading to Poverty." It is concerned with the background of poverty in Kinshasa. But before this, we will give the geographical situation, the population and history of Kinshasa. As the concept, "poverty" has been given various meanings through human history, we shall clarify our approach to poverty in this chapter. We will finally analyze the factors that contribute to poverty. 2 The second chapter is the description of the general situation of poverty in Kinshasa. Poverty is expressed mostly through unemployment and lack of income, lack of access to food, lack of transport, and so on. The chapter also analyzes the causes of poverty so that we may suggest ways of reducing it. It finally underlines the consequences of poverty. In the third chapter, we will show, through Scripture and Church Tradition, how in the whole history of salvation, God has always addressed the people concerning poverty (prophets). This will help us to state, in the fourth chapter, which is our main thesis, that the Church in Kinshasa being the extension of Jesus who came to liberate the poor, must carry out this mission too. We will recognize the involvement of the Church in addressing poverty in Kinshasa However, we feel that the Church could do more. It is this same chapter in which we will make practical recommendations for the Church's ministry. 3. Methodology of Research Through observation as I grew up in Congo, I was able to form a perspective on the matter of poverty, especially in Kinshasa. I myself experienced it and still do so see, judge and act method. In the first whenever I travel to Kinshasa. This paper uses the from our personal experience. In and the second chapters, we make observations, the see, through Scripture and the Church teachings. the third chapter we will analyze the judge In the fourth chapter we will make proposals, the act. gained deeper understanding of the Through the reading of books and local newspapers, I topic. Much material was also gathered from Kinshasa by way of dialogue with poor people and by interviewing them. All of these sources are properly acknowledged at the end of this paper. 3 CHAPTER ONE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND LEADING TO POVERTY 1.0 INTRODUCTION This first chapter is entitled; "Historical background leading to poverty." Concretely, it is concerned with the background of poverty in Kinshasa. Before this, the geographical situation, the population and history of Kinshasa are briefly given. The concept "poverty" has been given various meanings throughout human history. Therefore, we have the duty of clarifying our approach to poverty in this chapter. We will finally analyze the factors that contribute to poverty in Kinshasa. 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION About the geography of Kinshasa, John Flouriot gives us the following information in his Atlas of Kinshasa.i Kinshasa is the capital city, the cultural, administrative and education center of the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shaping the Future of Africa with the People 1 Declarations and Resolutions
    2015 Johannesburg SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AF2015RICA JOHANNESBURG WITH | SHAPING THE THE FUTURE PEOPLE OF AFRICA WITH THE PEOPLE i The 7th edition of the Africities Summit took place at the Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa from 29 November to 3 December 2015. The Summit was convened by the United Cities and Local Governments of Africa and hosted by the City of Johannesburg, the South African Local Government Association and the South African Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. This report has been compiled by the South African Cities Network. cooperative governance Department: Cooperative Governance REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Contents Declarations and Resolutions 2 PART 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The African Context 4 PART 2 Overview of Africities 7 2.1 Theme of Africities 7 Summit 8 2.2 Objectives of Africities 7 9 2.3 Africities 7 Sessions 9 2.4 The 12 Lessons of Africities 10 PART 3 The Speeches 13 PART 4 Achieving the Future of Agenda 2063 42 4.1 Exploration of Possible Futures 43 4.2 The Formulation of Strategies 45 PART 5 The Contribution of African Local Governments to Achieving the Agenda 2063 49 5.1 Challenges and Opportunities 49 5.2 Women’s Voices on the Implementation of the Agenda 2063 53 5.3 Tripartite Discussion 54 5.4 Political Resolutions and Commitments 56 5.5 Concluding Resolutions 57 5.6 Other Declarations 61 PART 6 Experience of Local Government and Partners 65 6.1 The South African Cities Network (SACN) Sessions 65 6.2 UCLG Africa Sessions 80 6.3 Stakeholder Sessions 99 6.4 Partner
    [Show full text]
  • MEMORIAL of the REPUBLIC of RWANDA 1 1 1 ,L 21 April 2000
    1 1 1 1 International Court of Justice 1 1 :1 CASE CONCERNING ARM:ED ACTIVITIES 1 ON THE .TERRITORY OF THE CONGO 1 (DEMOCRATie REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1 v. THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA) 1 il MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA 1 1 1 ,l 21 April 2000 1 1 1 :1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1~ 1 1 1 ~-- 1 1 1 1 CONTENTS 1 page 1 1 The Proceedings against Rn'anda n 1 The Court Jacks Jurisdiction over the Application 5 A The Princip/es ofJurisdiction 5 1 B The Grounds for Jurisdiction advanced ByCongo 6 1 c The Absence ofJurisdiction under the Montreal Convention 8 1 1 The requirement of a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the 1 Convention 9 2 The dispute must be one which cannat 1 be settled by negotiation 16 1 3 The arbitration requirement 18 1 D The lnadmissibility ofthe Application 20 1 Ill Concluding Submissions 25 List of Alllnexes 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PARTI THE PROCEEDINGS AGAINST RWANDA 1 1.1 On 23 June 1999 the Democratie Republic ofthe Congo (hereinafter referred to as 1 "Congo") filed an Application instituting proceedings against the Republic of Rwanda ("Rwanda"). According to the Application, the Govenunent of Congo 1 instituted the proceedings "on accowlt of acts of armed aggression perpetrated by 1· Rwanda on the territory of the Democratie Republic of the Congo, in flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter and of the Charter of the Organization of 1 Afhcan Unity." 1 1.2 The Application th en accuses Rwanda of violations of the law relating to the use 1 -· of force and non-intervention, the law of arrned conflict and the law of human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Witchcraft, Violence and Everyday Life: an Ethnographic Study of Kinshasa
    WITCHCRAFT, VIOLENCE AND EVERYDAY LIFE: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF KINSHASA A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY SILVIA DE FAVERI COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION OF ANTHROPOLOGY BRUNEL UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2014 Abstract The inhabitants of Kinshasa, who call themselves Kinois, deal with insecurity and violence on a daily basis. Cheating and thefts are commonplace, and pillaging by street gangs and robberies by armed thieves are everyday occurrences. The state infrastructure is so poorly regulated that deaths by accident or medical negligence are also common. This, and much more, contributes to a challenging social milieu within which the Kinois’ best hope is simply to ‘make do’. This thesis, based on extensive fieldwork in Kinshasa, analyses different forms of violence which affect the Kinois on a daily basis. I argue that the Kinois’ concept of violence, mobulu, differs from Western definitions, which define violence as an intrinsically negative and destructive force. Mobulu is for the Kinois a potentially constructive phenomenon, which allows them to build relationships, coping strategies and new social phenomena. Violence is perceived as a transformative force, through which people build meaningful lives in the face of the hardship of everyday life. Broadly speaking, this thesis contributes to the Anthropology of violence which has too often focused on how violence is imposed upon a population, often from a structural level of a state and its institutions. Such an approach fails to account for the nuances of alternate perspectives of what ‘violence’ is, as evidenced in this thesis through the prism of the Kinois term mobulu.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinshasa's Future in the Light of Congo's Spectral Urban
    cuan_1099 can2008.cls March 9, 2011 13:56 CUAN cuan_1099 Dispatch: March 9, 2011 CE: N/A 1 Journal MSP No. No. of pages: 24 PE: Sarah 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 INHABITING OCULAR GROUND: Kinshasa’s Future 10 in the Light of Congo’s Spectral Urban Politics 11 12 FILIP DE BOECK 13 CCatholic University of Leuven 14 A 15 THE OUTPOST 16 In 1896, some years before Joseph Conrad published The Heart of Darkness 17 (1983) he wrote “An Outpost of Progress,” a short fictional story that is part of his 18 “Tales of Unrest” (Conrad 1961) and in which he starts to use the material of his 19 Congo years for the first time. A psychological thriller, “An Outpost” may also be 20 read as a political statement undermining the very idea of empire. The storyline 21 focuses on Kayerts and Carlier, two white traders who are out-posted in Africa at 22 an ivory trading station along an unnamed river, easily identifiable as the Congo 23 river. The trading station’s storehouse is called “the fetish,” “perhaps,” as Conrad 24 remarks, “because of the spirit of civilization it contained” (Conrad 1961:93). 25 Soon after the steamer that put them ashore disappears beyond the horizon, 26 Kayerts and Carlier begin to feel uneasy and alone. At first, they still enjoy discussing 27 the few novels they brought along, and from time to time they receive the visit of 28 Gobila, the old chief of the surrounding villages, with whom they get along well.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 8 FEBRUARY 2008 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 8 FEBRUARY 2008 Contents PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 1 FEBRUARY 2008 TO 7 FEBRUARY 2008 REPORTS ON DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 1 FEBRUARY 2008 AND 7 FEBRUARY 2008 Paragraphs Background information 1. GEOGRAPHY.......................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC ..................................................................................... 1.05 Eastern DRC ................................................................................. 1.06 2. ECONOMY...........................................................................................2.01 3. HISTORY.............................................................................................3.01 History to 1997..............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997 ................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.04 Events of 2007 ..............................................................................3.05 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS .....................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION....................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM .............................................................................6.01
    [Show full text]
  • 03 Gerhmann 03.Pmd
    Susanne Gehrmann Remembering colonial violence: Susanne Gehrmann is Assistant Inter/textual strategies of Professor in African Literatures and Cultures at Humboldt University, Congolese authors Berlin. Her research areas are Senegalese and Congolese literatures, autobiography and colonial discourse. In 2008 she was Feodor-Lynen-Fellow at Université Laval, Canada.1 E-mail: [email protected] Remembering colonial violence: Inter/textual strategies of Congolese authors This article explores the Congolese remembering of the experienced colonial violence through the medium of literature. Although criticism of colonialism is not a favourite topic of Congolese writers, there exists an important corpus of texts, especially when the literary production of Congo Kinshasa and Congo Brazzaville with their politically distinct though sometimes similar experiences is taken into account. Three main strategies of writing about the topic can be distinguished: a documentary mode, an allegorical mode and a fragmented mode, which often appear in combination. Intertextuality with the colonial archive as well as oral African narrations is a recurrent feature of these texts. The short stories of Lomami Tchibamba, of the first generation of Congolese authors writing in French, are analysed as examples for a dominantly allegorical narration. Mythical creatures taken from the context of oral literature become symbols for the process of alterity and power relations during colonialism, while the construction of a heroic figure of African resistance provides a counter-narrative to colonial texts of conquest. Thomas Mpoyi-Buatu’s novel La re- production (1986) provides an example of fragmented writing that reflects the traumatic experience of violence in both Congolese memory of colonialism and Congolese suffering of the present violent dictatorial regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of AG-008 United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) (1960-1964)
    Summary of AG-008 United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) (1960-1964) Title United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) (1960-1964) Active Dates 1948-1973 Administrative History The United Nations Operation in the Congo (known by the French acronym ONUC: "Opération des Nations Unies au Congo") was established on 14 July 1960 by Security Council Resolution 143 and dissolved 30 June 1964. The headquarters of the Operation were located in Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) in the Republic of Congo. The initial mandate of ONUC was to ensure the withdrawal of Belgian forces from the Republic of the Congo, to assist the Government in maintaining law and order and to provide technical assistance. The function of ONUC was subsequently modified to include maintaining the territorial integrity and political independence of the Congo, preventing the occurrence of civil war and securing the removal from the Congo of all foreign military, paramilitary and advisory personnel not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries. ONUC included, in addition to a peacekeeping force which comprised at its peak strength nearly 20,000 officers and men, an important Civilian Operations component. Originally mandated to provide the Congolese Government with the military and technical assistance it required following the collapse of many essential services and the military intervention by Belgian troops, ONUC became embroiled by the force of circumstances in a chaotic internal situation of extreme complexity and had to assume certain responsibilities which went beyond normal peacekeeping duties. The instructions of the Security Council to this Force were strengthened early in 1961 after the assassination in Katanga province of former Prime Minster Patrice Lumumba.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivory Markets in Central Africa
    TRAFFIC IVORY MARKETS IN CENTRAL AFRICA REPORT Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015 SEPTEMBER 2017 Sone NKOKE Christopher, Jean-François LAGROT, Stéphane RINGUET and Tom MILLIKEN TRAFFIC REPORT TRAFFIC, the wild life trade monitoring net work, is the leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of WWF and IUCN. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations con cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, WWF or IUCN. Published by TRAFFIC Central Africa Regional office Yaoundé, Cameroon and TRAFFIC International, Cambridge. Design by: Hallie Sacks © TRAFFIC 2017. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ISBN no: 978-1-85850-421-6 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Suggested citation: Nkoke, S.C. Lagrot J.F. Ringuet, S. and Milliken, T. (2017). Ivory Markets in Central Africa – Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015. TRAFFIC.
    [Show full text]
  • Prã©Sence Francophone, Numã©Ro 87
    Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature Volume 87 Number 1 L e social et ses discours dans le Article 1 roman francophone d’Afrique et des Antilles 12-1-2016 Présence Francophone, Numéro 87 Follow this and additional works at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf Part of the French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation (2016) "Présence Francophone, Numéro 87," Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature: Vol. 87 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf/vol87/iss1/1 This Complete Issue is brought to you for free and open access by CrossWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature by an authorized editor of CrossWorks. et al.: Présence Francophone, Numéro 87 REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE LANGUE ET DE LITTÉRATURE Le social et ses discours dans le roman francophone d’Afrique et des Antilles Published by CrossWorks, 2016 1 Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature, Vol. 87, No. 1 [2016], Art. 1 https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf/vol87/iss1/1 2 et al.: Présence Francophone, Numéro 87 PRÉSENCE FRANCOPHONE 06 Numéro 87 Le social et ses discours dans le roman francophone d’Afrique et des Antilles DOSSIER Présentation Justin Bisanswa et Olga Hel-Bongo ....................................5 Ironie et autoréflexivité dans Un dimanche au cachot de Patrick Chamoiseau Olga Hel-Bongo .................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Project for Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City -PDTK
    MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC WORKS AND RECONSTRUCTION DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Project for Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City -PDTK- FINAL REPORT Volume 1: Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City April 2019 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. INGEROSEC CORPORATION EI YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. JR ASIA AIR SURVEY CO., LTD. 19-058 MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC WORKS AND RECONSTRUCTION DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Project for Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City -PDTK- FINAL REPORT Volume 1: Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City April 2019 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. INGEROSEC CORPORATION YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. ASIA AIR SURVEY CO., LTD. Project for Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City / PDTK Final Report: Volume 1 Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City Project for Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City -PDTK- Final Report: Volume 1 Urban Transport Master Plan in Kinshasa City CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background and Objectives of the Study ................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • EUFOR RD Congo a Misunderstood Operation?
    EUFOR RD Congo A Misunderstood Operation? EUFOR RD Congo A Misunderstood Operation? Helmut Fritsch Visiting Defence Fellow Centre for International Relations, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada 2008 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Fritsch, Helmut, 1964- EUFOR RD Congo : a misunderstood operation? / Helmut Fritsch. (Martello papers, ISSN 1183-3661 ; 33) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-55339-101-2 1. Operation EUFOR RD Congo. 2. Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies en R.D. Congo. 3. United Nations—Peacekeeping forces—Congo (Democratic Republic). 4. United Nations—Congo (Democratic Republic). 5. European Union countries—Military policy. 6. United Nations—European Union countries. 7. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Politics and government—1997-. I. Queen’s University (Kingston, Ont.). Centre for International Relations II. Title. III. Series. KZ6376.F75 2008 341.5'84 C2008-900207-5 © Copyright 2008 Martello Paper Series The Queen’s Centre for International Relations (QCIR) is pleased to present number thirty-three in its Martello Paper series. The Martello Papers take their name from the distinctive towers built during the nineteenth century to defend Kingston, Ontario. They cover a wide range of topics and issues in foreign and defence policy, and in the study of international peace and security. The European Union (EU) is recognized for the effective use of soft power in its relationships with the rest of the world. Less appreciated has been the emergence, over the past decade, of its capacity to undertake vari- ous forms of conflict management though the use of military forces under the European Security and Defence Policy (EDSP). Along with more than a dozen civilian operations under the ESDP, the Europeans have mounted military missions in Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and the eastern re- gion of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment
    Logistics Capacity Assessment Democratic Republic of Congo Country Name DRC Official Name Democratic Republic of Congo Assessment Assessment Dates: From 22/09/2008 To 15/01/2009 Email contact [email protected] 1 Table of Contents 1. COUNTRY PROFILE ..................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction & Background ..........................................................................................................................3 1.2. Humanitarian Background ............................................................................................................................4 1.2.1. Disasters, Conflicts and Migration History ..............................................................................................4 1.2.2. Calamities and Seasonal Affects .............................................................................................................5 1.2.3. Capacities to Respond to Emergencies ..................................................................................................5 1.3. Inter Agency Contingency Plan ...................................................................................................................6 1.3.1. Member List of Core Group for Contingency Plan ................................................................................7 1.4. National Regulatory Departments, Bureaux and Quality Control & Relevant Laboratories ........8 1.5. Customs Information ....................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]