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Ivory Markets in Central Africa TRAFFIC IVORY MARKETS IN CENTRAL AFRICA REPORT Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015 SEPTEMBER 2017 Sone NKOKE Christopher, Jean-François LAGROT, Stéphane RINGUET and Tom MILLIKEN TRAFFIC REPORT TRAFFIC, the wild life trade monitoring net work, is the leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of WWF and IUCN. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations con cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, WWF or IUCN. Published by TRAFFIC Central Africa Regional office Yaoundé, Cameroon and TRAFFIC International, Cambridge. Design by: Hallie Sacks © TRAFFIC 2017. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ISBN no: 978-1-85850-421-6 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Suggested citation: Nkoke, S.C. Lagrot J.F. Ringuet, S. and Milliken, T. (2017). Ivory Markets in Central Africa – Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015. TRAFFIC. Yaoundé, Cameroon and Cambridge, UK. Front cover photograph and credit: Ivory confiscated by the Cameroon Ministry of Forests and Wildlife © WWF / Mike Goldwater The 2014/2015 market surveys and this report were made possible with support from the American people, delivered through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Wildlife Trafficking, Response, and Priority Setting (Wildlife TRAPS) Project. The 2007 and 2009 surveys were supported by the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing (MEDDTL), WWF France and the WWF Species Programme. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID, the MEDDTL, the U.S. Government or the French Government. IVORY MARKETS IN CENTRAL AFRICA Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015 Sone NKOKE Christopher, Jean-François LAGROT, Stéphane RINGUET and Tom MILLIKEN Ivory confiscated by the Cameroon Ministry of Forests and Wildlife. © WWF / Mike Goldwater Supported by TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms vi List of Tables ix List of Figures x List of Photos xi Acknowledgements xii Executive Summary xiii Résumé xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. Methodology 4 2.1 Market Surveys 4 2.2 Workshop Surveys 5 2.3 Meetings 5 2.4 Prices 5 3. Results 8 3.1 Gabon 8 3.2 Congo 15 3.3 CAR 25 3.4 DRC 30 3.5 Cameroon 46 4. Dicussion 56 4.1 Retail Sales of Ivory Items in Central Africa 56 4.2 Carving Workshops 59 4.3 Profile of Buyers 59 4.4 Other Actors in the Ivory Trade 60 4.5 Sources of Raw Ivory 60 4.6 Raw Ivory Prices 61 4.7 Legislation and Regulations 64 4.8 Ivory Stockpile Management 65 5. Conclusion 71 6. Recommendations 78 References 84 Image Credits 87 Appendices 90 TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa iii Cameroon | Congo | Gabon Central African Republic SurveysDemocratic Republic of Congo 2007 2009 2014/2015 Number of cities surveyed 971 kg of ivory 634 kg of ivory 401 kg of ivory 4,722 ivory items 3,987 ivory items 4,255 ivory items kg of ivorykg of 93 outlets 119 outlets 32 outlets 1999 2007 2009 2014/15 Total 2007–2015 2,006 kg of ivory 12,964 ivory items 244 outlets In 2015, more than 68% 26,000 kg Kinshasa, DRC alone of ivory resided in accounted for more than national stocks in two-thirds of ivory items Central Africa retailed in open markets iv TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa More than kg Number of 53,700 cities surveyed of ivory from Central Africa was seized globally 2014/15 between 2007–2015 Equivalent to approximately 5,712 elephants In 2015, more than kg 26,000 =100 elephants as much ivory is getting out of Central Africa before being seized than is being seized in-country 4x TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACFAP Agence congolaise de la faune et des aires protégées (Congolese Agency for Wildlife and Protected Areas – Republic of Congo) ALCRIF Application de la loi et lutte contre la criminalité faunique en République Démocratique du Congo (Law Enforcement against wildlife criminality in DRC) ANPN Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux – Gabon (Gabonese National Parks Agency) AU African Union AUAIC Ivory Workers’ Unions in the DRC CAR Central African Republic CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CJ Conservation Justice – Gabon (NGO) CMA Confédération du Monde des Artisans (Confederation of Artists - DRC) CNS Conférence Nationale Souveraine (Sovereign National Conference) COMIFAC Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (Central African Forest Commission) CoP Conference of Parties (of CITES) DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo EAGLE Eco-Activists for Governance and Law Enforcement (NGO) ECCAS Economic Commission of Central African States ECOFAC Programme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationelle des Ecosystèmes Forestiers en Afrique Centrale (Forest conservation and sustainable management programme in Central Africa) ETIS Elephant Trade Information System EU European Union FARDC Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (The Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) FC Congolese (DRC) Franc FCFA Francs Communauté Financière Africaine (African Financial Community Francs) vi TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa FDLR Front Démocratique de Libération du Rwanda (Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda) FOCAC Forum on China-Africa Cooperation GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Corporation for International Cooperation) ICCN Institut Congolais de Conservation de la Nature (Congolese Institute for the Conservation of Nature - DRC) IDPE Institute of Development Professionals in Education IGO Inter-Governmental Organization INTERPOL International Police Organization IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature LAB Lutte Anti Braconnage (Anti-poaching) LAGA Last Great Ape Organization – Cameroon (NGO) LRA Lord’s Resistance Army MA CITES Management Authority MDDEFE Ministère du Développement Durable, de l’Economie Forestière et de l’Environnement – République du Congo (Ministry of Sustainable Development of Forest Economy and Environment – Republic of Congo) MEDDTL Ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement Durable, du Transport et du Logement – France (Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing - France) MEFCPT Ministère des Eaux et Forêts, Chasse, Pêche et Tourisme – République Centrafricaine (Ministry for Water, Forests, Hunting, Fishing and Tourism – Central African Republic) MEFDD Ministère de l’Economie Forestière et de développement durable République de Congo (Ministry of Forest Economy and Sustainable Development – Republic of Congo) MFEPRN Ministère de la Forêt, de l’Environnement et de la Protection des Ressources Naturelles (Ministry of Forest, Environment and Protection of Natural Resources - Gabon) NCU National Coordination Unit NIAP National Ivory Action Plan TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa vii MIKE Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants MINEF Ministère des Eaux et Forêts – Gabon (Ministry of Water and Forests - Gabon) MINFOF Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune – Cameroun (Ministry of Forest and Wildlife – Cameroon) MONUC Mission de l’Organisation des Nations-Unies en République Démocratique du Congo (United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) NGO Non-Governmental Organization PALF Projet d’Appui à l’Application de la loi sur la Faune Sauvage - République du Congo (Wildlife Law Enforcement Project – Republic of Congo; NGO) PAPECALF Plan d’Action sous Régional des Pays de l’Espace COMIFAC pour le Renforcement de l’Application des Législations Nationales sur la Faune Sauvage (Central African Wildlife Trade Law Enforcement Action Plan – CAWTLEAP of COMIFAC) PAULAB Plan d’Action d’Urgence de Lutte Anti-Braconnage (Urgent Anti-Poaching Action Plan) PIKE Proportion of Illegally Killed Elephants RALF Renforcement de l’Application de la Loi Faunique – République Centrafricaine (Reinforcement of the Application of Wildlife Law – CAR, NGO) RCD Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (Congolese Rally for Democracy) RFO Réserve de Faune des Okapis (Okapi Faunal Reserve) - DRC SETRAG Sociéte d’Exploitation du Transgabonais (Trans Gabon Railway) TRIDOM Tri-National Dja (Cameroon) – Odzala (Congo) – Minkebe (Gabon) UN United Nations UNARICO Union des Artistes Ivoiriers du Congo (Union of Ivory Artists of Congo - DRC) USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar VIP Very Important Personality WCS Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) viii TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa Wildlife TRAPS Wildlife Trafficking, Response, Assesssment, and Priority Setting Project WRI World Resources Institute (NGO) WWF World Wide Fund for Nature (NGO)
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