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2012–2014 ABOUT WILDAID

WildAid’s mission is to end the illegal in our lifetimes by reducing demand through public awareness campaigns and providing comprehensive marine protection.

The illegal wildlife trade is estimated to be worth over $10 billion (USD) per year and has drastically reduced many wildlife populations around the world. Just like the drug trade, law and enforcement efforts have not been able to resolve the problem. Every year, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent protecting animals in the wild, yet virtually nothing is spent on stemming the demand for wildlife parts and products. WildAid is the only organization focused on reducing the demand for these products, with the strong and simple message: when the buying stops, the killing can too.

Via public service announcements and short form documentary pieces, WildAid partners with Save the , African Wildlife Foundation, Virgin Unite, and The Yao Ming Foundation to educate consumers and reduce the demand for products worldwide. Through our highly leveraged pro-bono media distribution outlets, our message reaches hundreds of millions of people each year in China alone. www.wildaid.org

CONTACT INFORMATION WILDAID 744 Montgomery St #300 San Francisco, CA 94111 Tel: 415.834.3174

Christina Vallianos [email protected]

Special thanks to the following supporters & partners PARTNERS who have made this work possible: Beijing Horizonkey Information & Consulting Co., Ltd. Save the Elephants African Wildlife Foundation Virgin Unite Yao Ming Foundation PHOTOGRAPHER Kristian Schmidt DESIGNER Hugo Ugaz EVERY YEAR UP TO

33,000 ELEPHANTS ARE KILLED FOR THEIR IVORY

IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants Baby AfricanBaby

- In 2 ” WCS, 2014.

stop the killing. Illegal killing for ivory drives global decline in African campaigns are having an impact on aware- ognition of today’s crisis, as well as well poaching crisis, ognition of today’s educate millions more about the trade ivory elephants and the . However, However, trade. the ivory and elephants elephant elephant PSAs featuring ambassadors Yao and poaching crisis before we are able to to able we are before crisis poaching and as awareness of how ivory is obtained. as awareness of how ivory is obtained. and demonstrate that demand reduction and demonstrate that demand reduction ban on the ivory trade as a way to stop to stop way a as trade ivory the on ban the face of a seemingly interminable crisis, the face of a seemingly interminable crisis, of the world’s is hope that residents there ing 95% of the forests of the Democratic ing 95% of the forests of the Democratic the Chinese government should impose a a the Chinese government should impose ing their attitudes and beliefs about ivory. improvement in overall knowledge and rec least 65% of all of ’s forest elephants elephants forest of Africa’s of all 65% least - chang are nation ivory-consuming largest much to work remains be done to reach and poaching. Of those who had seen WildAid’s WildAid’s seen Of those who had poaching. ness, attitudes and behaviors toward attitudes and behaviors toward ness, not buy ivory after watching them. were leav- poached between and 2013, 2002 Ming or Li Bingbing, 90% said they would Ninety-five percent of residents agree that The 2014 China survey shows significant The 2014 China survey shows significant Republic of Congo devoid of elephants. Republic of Congo devoid The results of the 2014 survey are promising

- - Massive loss of forest elephants in Central Africa. , and at at and , 1 —Beijing, —Beijing, .” Proceedings.” of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014. elephants Maisels, Fiona; Strindberg, Samantha, et al. “ Wittemyer, G., Northrup, M., Douglas-Hamilton, J. I., et al. “

stand awareness and attitudes toward attitudes toward and awareness stand support lawmakers in banning ivory sales, support lawmakers in banning ivory sales, survey was replicated to assess changes survey was replicated to assess changes crisis, and to ascertain the reach of of and to ascertain the reach crisis, campaign messages in Beijing, Shanghai, Shanghai, and —to better under- elephant conservation, and to identify the elephant conservation, and to identify the Using the survey in China. elephant ivory Scientists released alarming reports in the Scientists released alarming reports in the and African Wildlife Foundation launched for the demand to reduce a campaign behavior and beliefs of ivory consumers. behavior and beliefs of ivory consumers. and ultimately reduce demand for elephant and ultimately reduce demand for elephant the partners began working to raise aware and Guangzhou. in three major Chinese cities­ ivory. Two years later in October 2014, the the later in October 2014, Two years ivory. - regard behavior and attitudes awareness, in ing ivory consumption and the poaching illegally killed for their ivory in the three- ivory their for illegally killed findings to inform the campaign strategy, findings to inform the campaign strategy, ness of the elephant poaching crisis, ness of the elephant poaching crisis, past year recognizing the impact of past year recognizing the impact of ulation. More than 100,000 elephants were elephants 100,000 than More ulation.

rampant poaching on Africa’s elephant pop

SUMMARY EXECUTIVE 2. In late 2012, WildAid interviewed residents late 2012, In In 2013, WildAid, Save the Elephants year period between 2010-2012 between period year 1.

PAGE // 2 PAGE // 3 IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants Ivory stockpile, Kenya 2012. Kristian Schmidt

PAGE // 4 PAGE // 5 . 9 ’ sales

. In 2004, . In 2004, 8 . 6,7 ’ sale occurred in in occurred sale ’ 5 IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants

IVORY TRADE CHINA IN seizures. The first ‘one-off first The seizures. South Africa’s stockpile and allowed China South Africa’s stockpile and allowed China Since 2009, when China received 62 tons of of ivory from natural mortality, culls, and of ivory from natural mortality, culls, and devoid of elephants. and sold exclusively to . In In to Japan. sold exclusively and Zimbabwe another important destination and State Administration for Industry and and State Administration for Industry and accompany each finished piece. By March between 2002 and 2013, leaving 95% of the the between 2002 and 2013, leaving 95% of to purchase 62 tons of ivory ivory from the 2008 sale, the government ivory from the 2008 sale, the government illegal ivory with identified as identified as with Thailand illegal ivory factories and retailers to secure a factories and retailers to secure a forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo of Congo Republic Democratic of the forests China is the largest market for legal and China is the largest market for legal and China’s China’s State Administration of Forestry Commerce began requiring processing factories and retail outlets 65% of forest elephants were poached poached elephants were 65% of forest In addition, CITES allowed ‘one-off 2008, a second sale to Japan included included a second sale to Japan 2008, 2013, the government had approved 182 182 had approved the government 2013, 1999 with ivory from Botswana, Namibia, 1999 with ivory from Botswana, Namibia, “Certificate of Ivory Products Collection” to - -

3 ” International Fund . The African for- . ” WCS, 2014. 4 ” www.Traffic.org, 2012. ” www.Traffic.org, 2012. ” The Times, New York 2013.

” Time Magazine Online, 2010. - sales continued to be legal in some coun started to recover. started to recover. Illegal killing for ivory drives global decline in African class of potential ivory consumers. class of potential ivory consumers. drastically cut, almost eliminating markets eliminating markets almost cut, drastically elephant ivory in 1989, but domestic ivory elephant ivory in 1989, but domestic ivory est elephant in particular, has suffered a a has suffered in particular, est elephant drastic decline in its population: in business ties between Asia and Africa business ties between Asia and Africa trade enabled large-scale laundering of of trade enabled large-scale laundering tions continue to steadily worsen. A study tions continue to steadily worsen. A study killed illegally were elephants 100,000 than tries including China and created a new tries including China and created a new tries. The 1989 international ivory ban was international ivory ban was The 1989 tries. ivory from poached elephants. from poached ivory ing dramatically in West, Central, and East in Africa between 2010 and 2012 – a stag- each year gering ~33,630 increased; economies grew rapidly in coun- in the U.S. and Europe. Poaching was greatly reduced and elephant populations initially a huge success; ivory were CITES banned the international trade in published in July 2014 found that more published in July 2014 found that more However, new markets emerged by 2008 as markets emerged by 2008 as new However, In response to this poaching epidemic, to this poaching epidemic, response In February February 2014, scientists announced that Expanding Expanding markets have increased poach Africa and the impacts on elephant popula elephant on impacts the and Africa - Massive loss of forest elephants in Central Africa. Making a Killing: A 2011 Survey of Ivory Markets in China. African Nations Move to ‘Downlist’ the Elephant. The of Ivory: From Elephants’ Mouths, an Illicit to China. Trail ” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014. Experts report highest elephant poaching and ivory smuggling rates in a decade. Experts report highest elephant poaching and ivory smuggling rates in a decade. elephants. for Animal Welfare, 2012. Gabriel, G. G., Hua, N., and Wang, “ J. Maisels, Fiona; Strindberg, Samantha, et al. “ Levin, Dan. “ Wittemyer, G., Northrup, M., Douglas-Hamilton, J. I., et al. “ Walsh, Bryan. “ “ “

spread abuse and popula- supply markets in the U.S. and Europe, and and Europe, and U.S. the in markets supply slaughtered throughout Africa as legal slaughtered Africa as legal throughout , and other crafts. While the use estimated global population elephant population estimated global Asian of ivory dates back hundreds of years, sci- of years, hundreds dates back of ivory entists believe ivory has been processed on has been processed on ivory entists believe an industrial scale in the last century to to scale in the last century an industrial trade, while in 1975 the Asian elephant was while in 1975 the Asian elephant was trade, tions fell from more than 1.2 million to tions fell from more than 1.2 million to international trade. However, the CITES ivory, which comes from the of all ivory, which comes from the tusks of all listed on CITES Appendix I, prohibiting lations were 500,000-700,000, while the the while 500,000-700,000, were lations under Appendix II of the UN Convention on on UN Convention the of II Appendix under used for carvings, ornaments, jewelry, jewelry, ornaments, used for carvings, regulatory system was subject to wide recently Asia. roughly 600,000 by 1989. During the roughly 600,000 by 1989. During the 8.

6.

TO ELEPHANTS THREATS (CITES), designed to control and limit was 30,000-50,000. was 30,000-50,000. 7. 5. 9. In 1976, the African elephant was listed elephant was listed the African In 1976, International Trade in Endangered Species In 2007, estimated African elephant popu- elephant African estimated 2007, In Elephants are primarily poached for their 3. Wars”, at least 700,000 elephants were Wars”, at least 700,000 elephants were 1980s, a decade referred to as the “Ivory 4. African and male Asian elephants, and is is and elephants, Asian male and African - . Preliminary Preliminary . 16 . 17

country needs at least 205 tons of ivory country needs at least 205 tons of ivory State Forestry Administration indicates the the indicates Administration Forestry State annually to meet demand to meet annually ivory confiscated in large-scale seizures— ivory confiscated in large-scale seizures— ivory trade in China. ivory levels, Africa could lose one fifthof its ele more than 55 tonnes— since the ban in more than 55 tonnes— since the ban in phants in the next decade promising possibility of a new policy on promising possibility of a new policy on raw data from the past year indicates that raw data from the past indicates year that The ivory crush in January 2014 by the The ivory crush in January 2014 by the 2014 may have seen the greatest quantity of year from China’s stockpile, suggests the suggests the stockpile, China’s from year 1989. If poaching rates continue at current 1989. If poaching rates continue at current ” TRAFFIC, 2013. ” International Fund for Animal Welfare, 2012. ” CITES, 2012. ’ sales. Increased ” The Times, New York 2012. ” The Times, New York 2013. ” CITES, 2013. sustain a regular international trade in sustain a regular international trade in coupled with the allotted 5 tons sold each coupled with the allotted 5 tons sold each of slaughtered African elephants. In August In August of slaughtered African elephants. entered domestic markets as - ‘pre-conven demand from a stimulated class of wealthy of wealthy class stimulated a from demand and meet the Asian demand by supplying and meet the Asian demand by supplying tion’ or from ‘one-off trade official, wrote to CITES Secretary legally obtained and/or confiscated ivory legally obtained and/or confiscated ivory General John Scanlon, stating “The current current “The stating Scanlon, John General Chinese consumers fueled these domestic Chinese consumers fueled these domestic markets and resulted in tens of thousands markets and resulted in tens of thousands wild population of African elephant could wild population of African elephant could Poor regulation of government stockpiles in in Poor regulation of government stockpiles 2012, 2012, Meng Xianlin, a Chinese wildlife 200 tons raw ivory every year.” This request request This year.” every ivory raw tons 200 Africa led to corruption as poached ivory Africa led to corruption as poached ivory

. ‘A 14 . The The . 10 Making a Killing: A 2011 Survey of Ivory Markets in China. . In 2011, the the In 2011, . . One factory One factory . 12 13 China Faces a Conservation Challenge: The Expanding Elephant and Ivory in Beijing Trade . Unlicensed and Unlicensed and . 15 Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits. ” Save the Elephants, The Aspinall Foundation, 2014. The Price of Ivory: From Elephants’ Mouths, an Illicit to China. Trail . 11 Control in of Ivory Trade in China. Sixty-second meeting of the Standing Committee, Geneva. Comments from Specified Stakeholders on ‘Decision-making Mechanisms and Necessary Conditions for a Future in African Trade Elephant Ivory. ” New figures reveal poaching for the illegal ivory trade could wipe out a fifth of Africa’s Elephants over the next decade. and Shanghai. and Gettleman, Jeffrey.“ Gabriel, G. G., Hua, N., and Wang, “ J. Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Bangkok. Martin, Esmond, Vigne, Lucy. “ Levin, Dan. “ Ibid. Ibid. “ “ “

sary to keep the factory profitable staff in 14 licensed shops discouraged staff in 14 licensed shops discouraged can be sold for processing annually annually processing can be sold for cards matching the ivory products, and cards matching the ivory products, and channels. channels. Experts say that as much as 70% carving factories in China. Their investiga- customers from taking the cards so they taking the cards so they from customers could be used to represent numerous illegal owner complained that the 120kg annual annual the 120kg that complained owner on the black market on the black order order to extend its supply. Only five tons ers, legal ivory can be indistinguishable ers, legal ivory can be indistinguishable of illegal ivory goes to China of illegal ivory goes to online ivory trade. However, IFAW reports online in mainland China in 2011 more ally lasts just one month’; the rest is bought bought is rest the month’; one just lasts ally two months and smuggled ivory was neces- those businesses ran illegal operations. those businesses ran illegal operations. tion found only 57 retailers and factories and factories 57 retailers tion found only the total number of ivory items auctioned items auctioned of ivory the total number than doubled from the previous year and government ration of ivory would last only would last only government ration of ivory ily acquire and sell ivory illegally using legal illegally using legal and sell ivory ily acquire illegal ivory in some way ivory items. items. ivory increased the total sale volume by 170%. increased the total sale volume by 170%. from “new” ivory smuggled in from Africa. legal ones—nearly six to one. For consum- Chinese factory owner admitted that the Chinese factory owner admitted that the has strictly regulated its stockpiled ivory in ivory in regulated its stockpiled has strictly price of raw ivory in China has tripled since price of raw ivory in China has tripled since possessed ivory trade licenses and even possessed ivory trade licenses and even non-compliant ivory facilities outnumbered facilities outnumbered non-compliant ivory regulations in 158 ivory retail shops and regulations in 158 ivory retail shops and Yao MingYao with poached elephant, South Africa 2012. Kristian Schmidt (IFAW) discovered widespread abuse of Most retailers did not have identification The Chinese government also banned the also banned the Chinese government The Unfortunately, there are many wayseas to - International Fund for Animal Welfare 2010 10. 11. 18. 17. 16. 12. 13. 14. 15. - 330 pounds of legal ivory he acquires annu Among licensed facilities, 59.6% laundered laundered 59.6% Among licensed facilities,

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IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants 51.5% INCREASE 70.6% 46.6% . 18

replicated this survey, interviewing 935 residents to interviewing 935 residents to replicated this survey, 19 : Sample: size: 935 participants; samples are weighed according to the Yearbook of Statistics of Chinese Cities in 2013 •

2014 2012 Poaching has reached epidemic levels in West, Central, and . An estimated An estimated and East Africa. Central, West, 51.5%. Poaching has reached epidemic levels in of an increase 70.6% of participants think elephant poaching is a problem, compared to just 46.6% in 2012, 2012, in compared to just 46.6% poaching is a problem, elephant think In 2014, 70.6% of participants Two years after we began our ivory campaign, participants are more aware of elephant poaching: Two years after we began our ivory 100,000 elephants were slaughtered in a three-year period, between 2010-2012 between were slaughtered in a three-year period, elephants 100,000 over one year. • Age: Participants 18 years old and older where 18-35 year olds accounted for 40,2%, 36-50 year olds accounted for 37.8%, and those above 50 years old accounted for 22%. • Income: Monthly income between RMB 0 to over RMB 10001. Type: In-person, questionnaire. • Requirements: Participants are urban residents who have lived in Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou for Horizonkey survey

SURVEY KEY FINDINGS conservation status, China’s ivory consumers, and possibilities to deter consumption. consumption. consumers, and possibilities to deter China’s ivory conservation status, assess any change in awareness, attitudes and behavior regarding ivory consumption and and consumption ivory regarding behavior and attitudes awareness, in change assess any the elephant poaching crisis, and to ascertain the reach of campaign messages in the same and to ascertain the reach of campaign messages in the same the elephant poaching crisis, three cities.

residents in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou to better understand awareness of elephant awareness of elephant and Guangzhou to better understand Shanghai, residents in Beijing,

2012 & 2014 CHINA SURVEYS Two years later, in October 2014, WildAid, Save the Elephants, the African Wildlife In November 2012, WildAid and Horizonkey Research Consultancy Group interviewed 961 961 WildAid and Horizonkey Research Consultancy Group interviewed In November 2012, Foundation and Horizonkey Research Horizonkey and Foundation 19. 1. 50% CANNOT TELL THE BETWEENDIFFERENCE LEGAL & ILLEGAL IVORY NEARLY, 44.8% 110.7% INCREASE INCREASE 49% 53.1% 47.8% 45% 25.2% 33%

. a certificate of collection to ensure an item is legal increased by 44.8% in 2014 to 47.8% from only 33% in 2012, demonstrating an increase an increase demonstrating in 2012, only 33% from 2014 to 47.8% 44.8% in by increased is obtained. on how ivory in awareness overall improvement (24% increase) in consumers’ knowledge that they should check for overall improvement (24% increase) in consumers’ knowledge that they from ivory obtained illegally, compared to 45% in 2012. The 2014 survey did show an from ivory obtained illegally, compared to 45% in 2012. The 2014 survey by 110.7% to 53.1% over the 25.2% in 2012. by 110.7% to 53.1% over the 25.2% in

Forty-nine percent of interviewees in 2014 said they could not distinguish legal ivory Forty-nine percent of interviewees in 2014 said they could not distinguish The number of respondents who believed elephants were poached for their tusks for their poached were elephants believed who respondents of The number Awareness among Beijing residents who know that ivory comes from poached elephants increased Awareness among Beijing residents 2014 2014 2014 2012 2012 2012 2. 3. 4.

PAGE // 8 PAGE // 9 IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants S PSA 56.1% SAW WILDAD

98.4% 95% S 99.2% 94% 90.1% OF THEM WOULDN'T BUY IVORY AFTER VIEWING THE PSA in Africa.” government should impose a ban on ivory trade to help stop poaching elephants elephants poaching to help stop trade on ivory a ban impose should government elephants exist on earth.” the PSAs. Nearly all (99.2% in 2012, 98.4% in 2014) interviewees agree that “we should ensure Nearly all (99.2% in 2012, 98.4% in Residents overwhelmingly agree (95% in 2014, 94% in 2012) that the “Chinese “Chinese that the in 2012) 2014, 94% (95% in agree overwhelmingly Residents 56.1% of participants surveyed in 2014 had seen WildAid PSAs featuring ambassadors 56.1% of participants surveyed in 2014 had seen WildAid PSAs featuring Yao Ming or Li Bingbing and 90.1% of those said they wouldn’t buy ivory after viewing Yao Ming or Li Bingbing and 90.1% of those said they wouldn’t buy ivory 2014 2014 2012 2012 6. 7. 5.

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IVORY DEMAND IN CHINA | wildaid.org/elephants

52.9%CITED GRAPHIC CRUEL & IMAGES AS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY CONSUMPTION IVORY THEIR END TO in December 2014 of 1,500 residents of Beijing, Shanghai, and and Shanghai, residents of Beijing, in December 2014 of 1,500 20 : Sample: size: A total of 1500 participants: 500 from Beijing, 500 from Shanghai, 500 from Guangzhou. •

ROLE IN PERSUADING PEOPLE TO REFUSE TO BUY IVORY – 45% THINK PSAS “PLAY A GREAT ROLE”, WHILE BOTH LEGAL SOURCES AND ILLEGALLY POACHED ELEPHANTS. POACHED ILLEGALLY BOTH LEGAL AND SOURCES 53% SAY THEY “PLAY A ROLE” 82% HAVE WATCHED PSAS WITH MING YAO 81% OF PARTICIPANTS HAVE WATCHED WILDAID’S ELEPHANT PSAS; OF THOSE WHO HAVE SEEN THE PSAS, 98% OF PARTICIPANTS WHO HAVE VIEWED THE PSAS BELIEVE PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS PLAY A 95% OF PARTICIPANTS THINK POACHING IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM YET, 29% ONLY BELIEVE IVORY COMES FROM POACHED ELEPHANTS, WHILE 37% THINK IVORY COMES FROM for at least 40%, and 51-55 year olds accounted for no less than 10%. • Income: Monthly salary above RMB 6000. Online survey Participants ranged from 18-55 years old, in which 18-29 year olds accounted for at least 40%, 30-40 year olds accounted Requirements: Participants are local residents or residents who have lived/studied in the city for over two years. • Age:

ONLINE SURVEYONLINE poached elephants as the most effective way to persuade consumers to end to end consumers persuade way to effective the most as elephants poached of the Horizonkey survey, but there are noted differences that likely reflect the online demographic: online the reflect likely that differences noted are there but survey, Horizonkey the of 2. 3. 1. their ivory consumption. their ivory 4. Guangzhou with market research group Intage, China. The online survey findings are similar to those those to similar are findings survey online The China. Intage, group research market with Guangzhou 20. In 2014, 52.9% of residents interviewed cited graphic and cruel images of cruel images and cited graphic interviewed of residents 52.9% In 2014, We also conducted an online survey 8.

- —Male Ivory Consumer, Beijing Consumer, Ivory —Male —Male Ivory Consumer, Shanghai Consumer, Ivory —Male —Male Ivory Consumer, Shanghai Consumer, Ivory —Male —Female Ivory Consumer, Beijing Consumer, Ivory —Female —Female Ivory Consumer, Beijing Consumer, Ivory —Female Beijing Consumer, Ivory —Female —Female Ivory Consumer, Beijing Consumer, Ivory —Female

“Since the 1990s, ivory, like , is just a kind of value reflection. You can buy old old buy You can value reflection. is just a kind of gold, like ivory, 1990s, “Since the shopping mall, it must be legal.” shopping ket. But he does not sell at the counter; he only sells to friends privately.” counter; he does not sell at the But he ket. than 30,000 RMB yuan. In one year of the pig, I bought an ivory product just because than 30,000 RMB yuan. In one year of the pig, I bought an ivory product just because tous, and is less hot when it is carved. The colour and the texture might be bad. But I I But bad. be might texture the and colour The carved. it is when hot is less and tous, is a little hotter than the tusk left after the natural death of elephant. Many people people Many of elephant. natural death left after the tusk the than tusk is a little hotter gifts when I asked someone for help, because I knew he loved ivory. I have a friend who who a friend I have loved ivory. because I knew he I asked someone for help, gifts when other people also prefer these products, so we exchange with each other.” each with we exchange so products, people also prefer these other cannot distinguish them so far.” them cannot distinguish other is called bloody tusk, which might be extracted from a living elephant. The bloody other is tusk, which called bloody might be extracted from a living The bloody elephant. a family member happened to be born that year.” to be born that a family member happened ping mall in Guangzhou. It might be reassuring, I think. Since it is sold in a large-scale Since it is sold in a large-scale I think. be reassuring, It might ping mall in Guangzhou. - is infelici which elephant, of natural death the after tusk left the are unwilling to buy ivory, but there is no need to buy new ivory. Furthermore, it is risky for you to buy new new to buy you for it is risky Furthermore, ivory. new to buy is no need there but ivory, commit a crime.” If you resell it, you no way to resell it. have If you buy it, you ivory. is specially engaged in the selling of ivory and the like in Guanyuan jewelry mar ivory collection because it is expensive. But there is no need to care about the certificate certificate the about to care is no need But there it is expensive. because collection ivory .” an ivory if I buy

“In addition to personal use, I also buy ivory products for friends as gifts. I just gave two I just gave two “In addition to personal use, I also buy ivory products for friends as gifts. “I once bought ivory products as gifts, and the price of the cheaper ones might be more more be ones might cheaper price of the and the ivory products as gifts, “I once bought “Some friends in my circle would bring some ivory products for me, and later, some some later, and me, for products ivory some would bring circle my in friends “Some “The ivory product I bought has no certificate, because I bought from a large-scale shop- “I would certainly care about the certificate if I buy a large ivory product, or if I buy an or if I buy an certificate if I buy a large ivory product, “I would certainly care about the

“One is the tusk left after the natural death of elephant, which is not sold now, and the “One is the tusk left after which is not sold now, and the the natural death of elephant, 2012 FOCUS GROUP MAJOR FINDINGS GROUP FOCUS 2012 couple thousand RMB Yuan, while large ivory can cost upwards of 200,000 RMB RMB 200,000 of upwards cost can pendants ivory large while Yuan, RMB thousand couple of an elephant. of an elephant. than the large and costly pieces. They also exhibited a general “trust” for the authenticity of of authenticity the for “trust” general a exhibited also They pieces. costly and large the than to understand pre-existing attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions on ivory its and trade. level and above, customs officials responsible for law enforcement and legal action, and a Consumers could not distinguish a poached tusk from obtained one from the natural death pieces purchased at large-scale shopping malls. pieces purchased at large-scale shopping Participants included media professionals, government officials of deputy department director department deputy of officials government professionals, media included Participants The prices of small and simple ivory jewelry pieces can range from a couple hundred to a to a a couple hundred from pieces can range jewelry of small and simple ivory prices The Friends and acquaintances play important roles in the Chinese ivory trade. trade. ivory Chinese the in roles important play acquaintances and Friends WildAid and HorizonKey also conducted in-depth interviews with select focus group members group select focus with interviews in-depth conducted also HorizonKey and WildAid Yuan. Yuan. Interviewees were less concerned about the certification of cheaper ivory products A major reason for purchasing ivory: private gift giving to friends, loved ones, and peers. and peers. loved ones, to friends, private gift giving A major reason for purchasing ivory: ‘high-income group’ with an annual household income above 2 million RMB. million 2 above income household annual an with group’ ‘high-income

PAGE // 12 NEWS February 6, 2014 FRANCE CRUSHED 3 TONNES OF STOCKPILED IVORY IN PARIS.

January 23, 2014 HONG KONG ANNOUNCED IT WILL BURN ~28 TONNES OF SEIZED IVORY OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS.

January 6, 2014 CHINA CRUSHED 6.15 TONS OF STOCKPILED IVORY IN GUANGZHOU.

November 14, 2013 THE U.S. CRUSHED 6 TONS OF STOCKPILED IVORY IN DENVER. GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THE IVORY TRADE IS FUNDING TERRORIST GROUPS INCLUDING JOSEPH KONY’S LORD’S RESIS-TANCE ARMY, SUDAN’S JANJAWEED, AND ’S AL-SHABAAB. This report is printed on 100% Recycled

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