THE COMPANY MAGAZINE Migration

4/2015 WHO IS COMING HERE? WHO IS HELPING? WHO IS POINTING THE WAY? WHO IS ACTING HUMANELY? WHO IS BUILDING BARRIERS? WHO IS CREATING OPPORTUNITIES?

SHANNON JENSEN PHOTOGRAPHED THE SHOES OF REFUGEES ON THE BORDER OF SOUTH SUDAN MIGRANT REFUGEE CHILD

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230 x 300mm_Englische Anzeige_Korrektur.indd 1 19.11.15 09:34 3 editorial

“Migration has become a normal part of our globalized world” Dear readers,

Ellis Island, a small island in New York Harbor, was the site of the largest immigration station in the USA between 1892 and 1954. For more than 12 million people, many of whom came from Germany, Ellis Island was the gateway to the New World. However, for those who were sent back to Europe, it was the “Island of Tears.” The immigrants who were permitted to stay went through a door labeled “Push to New York.” Those who went through left everything behind—their home country, their culture, and their language—in order to start a new and better life. Since that time, migration has become normal in our glo- balized world—a world in which the difference between rich Klaus Engel, Chairman of the Executive Board and poor has become glaring, with migration acting almost of Evonik Industries AG like a natural force to establish equilibrium. One third of the world’s population is currently on the move, relocating from rural areas to cities and crossing borders and entire continents. China, which is now a global economic power, is the best example of this phenomenon. When China opened up to the West 40 years ago, 80 percent of its population lived in the countryside; today more than 50 percent live in cities. Some 120 million people are still migrating through China, without permanent homes or jobs. Migration movements are not a new experience for Europe either. In fact, they have formed the historical foundation of : Evonik our prosperity and our culture. Today hundreds of thousands of refugees are coming to Europe in an attempt to escape the war, terror, and poverty that have destroyed their societies. The countries that are taking them in must now overcome age 3: Photography 3: age major challenges. In view of the recent horrible attacks in | P France, the only way to address these challenges successfully is to remain true to our European values. I sincerely hope that the people who are now coming to us will be able to experience a special “Ellis Island moment” that will enable them to leave their terrible experiences behind and adopt our European values in order to begin a new and better life.

Sincerely yours, Cover and back cover: Artist: Jensen Shannon cover: and back Cover

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ORIGIN Latin “migratio” (from “migrare”: wander, depart): departure, exodus masthead Publisher TYPICAL ASSOCIATIONS Migrants, people Evonik Industries AG Rüdiger Oppers Rellinghauser Straße 1–11 45128 Essen, Germany with a migration background Publication Manager Urs Schnabel SYNONYMS Emigration, relocation Consulting and Concept Manfred Bissinger Editor in Chief ANTONYMS Christof Endruweit Stagnation, sedentariness (responsible for editorial content)

Editors USAGE Ralf Grauel (Head), Michael Prellberg (Head of Text; MP), Uwe Killing BIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY: The wandering or (UK), Tom Rademacher (TR), Saphir Robert (RO), Erik Wegener (EW) movement of specific groups of people, Managing Editor Inga Borg

Picture Editing and plants or animals Layout C3 Creative Code and Content GmbH, Berlin ASTRONOMY: Changes in the course of Translation TransForm GmbH, Cologne planets during the genesis of a new Agency and editorial address BISSINGER[+] GmbH planetary system Medien und Kommunikation An der Alster 1 20099 Hamburg Germany CHEMISTRY: The movement of substances [email protected]

Printing Neef+Stumme of low molecular weight to the surfac- premium printing Wittingen es of plastics; a process leading to the Copyright © 2015 by Evonik Industries AG, Essen. Reprinting only with the formation of defects in paints permission of the agency. The content does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the publisher FEDERAL OFFICE FOR MIGRATION AND REFUGEES: Questions about Evonik Magazine Tel.: +49 201 177 – 3152 The spatial relocation of an individual’s e-mail: evonik-magazin@ evonik.com Fax: +49 201 177 – 703152 life center 4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 5 contents

people and values 8 Portraits Far from their homelands, they had to create Graphics: Eva Vasari Eva Graphics: | new homes for themselves—by applying their willpower, ideas, and knowledge. The migrants we present here changed not only their own lives but also those of many others

18 Interview Refugees represent an opportunity for Germany. We should take advantage of it! A talk with Evonik CEO Klaus Engel

24 Essay As the world changes, so does our way of thinking: Why Germany has to become more open—both inside and outside

26 Everyday Heroes Why do some people swing into action to help refugees? And why do others just lounge in front of the TV? An investigation

30 Photo Gallery

Photography: Carsten Stormer / Zeitenspiegel, Konrad R.Müller / Agentur Focus Focus R.Müller / Agentur Konrad / Zeitenspiegel, Stormer Carsten Photography: Every day, men, women, and children leave their homelands in search of a future. Some snapshots of these people in flux

“Only if I find imitators, and business and if many people become active, society 40 The History of Migration can we survive as a society” From their earliest days, human beings have been on the move. Sheikh Abd al-Nasr lives in the conflict-ridden Syrian city of Their movement has made civilization and progress possible Aleppo. Together with others, he is trying to maintain a semblance of civil order in spite of the war, and thus to lay a foundation for peace. We’ve found people like Abd al-Nasr on various continents; they are the peacemakers in our sometimes troubled world research and technology 54 Report Where others pack up and leave, they stay and rebuild for the future. We visited peacemakers on three continents

60 Class of 2016 Most of the seniors in the advanced math course of a college preparatory school in northern Essen have a migration background. This class is colorful, clever—and high-spirited

For some individ- uals, the step from Standards sympathy to action 03 Editorial is perfectly natural. We like to think of 04 Definition / Masthead them as“everyday 06 Facts + Figures: People and Values heroes” 38 Facts + Figures: Business and Society 52 Facts + Figures: Research and Technology 62 Point of Contact

Edition Wherever we go, we always take our language with us. An over- Knowledge Poster insert: Language Families view of relationships, alterations, and migrations №6

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries people and values Facts + Figures 3 questions for Food for thought GROWING Amateur gardeners Amin Ballouz and refugees created “I’ve grown a roof garden with very fond of the a view of colorful vegetables and a Germans” Food for thought colorful city Food for thought COOKING TINKERING Friendship through Practical people the palate: Refugees from all over the I’m a doctor, I find it reveal the secrets of world build new very difficult to hear their native cuisines to products using old people screaming. Germans materials The trauma remains. You were born integration 1 in Lebanon and Do you ever now have a med- 3 experience A taste for something ical practice near xenophobia? Berlin. Do you feel I was once in a shaky new at home? situation—a group of At first, members of the Berlin The region has be- neo-Nazis who didn’t initiative Über den Tellerrand come my home. I had know me threat- Food for thought Food for thought cooked meals together with ref- to flee Beirut when ened me at a gas EXPERIENCING TALKING ugees. This initial approach was I was 16 and I ended station. But nothing Excursions and picnics in Learning German soon transformed into a colorful happened. I’m very the park give everyone and learning Arabic: up in the GDR. I range of activities—a proverbial the opportunity to spend Language tandems first noticed how much appreciated potluck of projects. Copycats a few pleasant hours promote mutual un- fond I had become as a physician in the welcome! together derstanding of Germany and the Uckermark region. I Germans when I find the people here worked in Scotland to be warm and sup- and realized I was portive. Maybe that’s terribly homesick. why I still drive an old East German car. How do you feel Food for thought Food for thought 2 when you see all PERFORMING PLAYING the war refugees? A stage for the The soccer team A lot of things come Amin Ballouz world’s cultures: Ger- practices once a week back to me. I had has been working as a mans and refugees and participates in physician in Schwedt exhibition games and to leave everything since 2010. The sing, dance, and per- back then, and 17 of form plays together tournaments 55-year-old describes the 28 students in his experiences in my class were killed Deutschland draußen by bombs. Although (Germany Outside).

Stringing along Raed Jazbeh decided to stay here. The Syrian musician simply never got on the plane that would have taken him back to Damas- cus—and the war. That was more than two years ago. “Most Syrian musicians have left the country by now,” says Jazbeh. “The war has scattered them all over Europe.” Jazbeh has brought some of them back together in Bremen as the Syrian Expat Philharmonic Orchestra. It’s still an initiative, but it might become a permanent ensemble. “We want to show people a side of Syria that has nothing to do with violence and terror but instead focuses on music and life,” Jazbeh explains. A total of 50 musicians from all over Germa- ny and from neighboring countries took part in rehearsals for the first Syrian expat concert in September. Those who didn’t have an Two of 48: Double bassists instrument were able to borrow one from a music school. The (sold- from the Syrian Expat Philharmonic Orchestra out) concert began with a piece by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Return from abroad. (UK)

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host countries 19.5 million refugees have Refugee fami- been taken in outside lies that arrive their native countries. in Germany Most of them actually may find that haven’t gone to Europe families work but instead to countries differently here that have (sometimes substantially) fewer resources

Turkey 1.59 million

Pakistan 1.51 million

Lebanon 1.15 million PARENT TIME Iran First the fear Culture shock: Children are open Abdallah-Steinkopff Children who talk to new things and got the woman to 982.400 while on the back to their parents, also learn languages change her mind run, now the parents who com- 3 faster. They often by explaining that strangeness of plain to teachers, and Misunder- end up translating creative activities standings improve academic a new country. teachers who find it for their parents at perfectly normal for government agencies performance. This Ethiopia A special train- girls to have swim- Things that surprise and generally acting also requires intro- ing program ming lessons. refugees as a link between spection: “We always have to be aware of helps refugee 1 cultures. Still, more Few things in Teachers are highly than anything else, our own values if we 659.000 parents learn Germany make sense respected in many children want to feel want to make them about the to refugee parents, countries. Just one visit safe and want to understandable to Western way and that makes them to a parent-teacher have happy parents. others.” (UK) feel uneasy. “The conference in Germa- “Ideally, the family of life ny is an eye-opener for extended family has refugees should remain close disappeared and they while it gradually also discover that accepts greater parental authority 2 individual freedoms,” is subordinate to Arab parents want Abdallah-Steinkopff law,” says Barbara their children to be explains. Abdallah-Steinkopff, educated; they nor- mally don’t play with a therapist who them. Germany’s child Such a balance Illustrations: C3 Visual Lab Illustrations: | works for Refugio, welfare agencies view requires people a refugee assistance this as neglect to change how center in Munich that they think. Abdal- offers special training lah-Steinkopff tells to refugee parents. 3 the story of an Arab million people were displaced Parents in many coun- 59.5 The center’s program tries hit their children. mother who didn’t worldwide at the end of 2014, helps parents learn It’s hard to explain to want her daughter according to the UN’s refugee how to deal with them that this is not to draw; she wanted their children in their accepted behavior in her to learn and later agency (UNHCR), more than at

Photography: Shutterstock (8), Imago Imago (8), Shutterstock Photography: new situation. Germany become a doctor. any time since World War II

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“We need compassion— the willingness to empathize and the ability to be generous”

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries Photography: Konrad R.Müller / Agentur Focus R.Müller / Agentur Konrad Photography: 9 people and values portraits MIGRANTS WHO MADE THE WORLD BETTER The crucial thing is to look forward. These people had to flee and seek their fortune far from home. Many of them found new homelands and new friends. All of these migrants changed their lives—and wrote success stories in the process

Willy Brandt In the midst of the Cold of hope for the young his political activities. defamed him for fleeing Ghetto uprising, his War, Chancellor Willy generation in the 1960s. Born in Lübeck as Germany and for being stirring call to Germans From refugee to Brandt boldly initiated Unlike many other pol- Herbert Frahm, in exile an illegitimate child. to “dare more democra- German Chancellor a policy of “change iticians of his time, he he adopted the pseud- However, from his ex- cy,” and his search for and Nobel Peace Prize through rapproche- had never collaborated onym Willy Brandt, periences Brandt drew a better Germany—all laureate: Willy Brandt ment” with the Eastern with the Nazis in any which later became the strength to make of these achievements was the first pop star bloc countries allied way. As a member of the his “real” name. His reconciliation and rap- are ultimately the direct of Germany’s postwar with the Soviet Union. banned Socialist Work- career in the SPD party prochement his lifelong results of his history as a politics. Because he convincing- ers’ Party of Germany, led ultimately to his mission. The famous refugee. ly represented a new he fled to Oslo and then chancellorship, but for a moment when he knelt beginning, Brandt be- Stockholm in 1934 so long time nationalist and before the monument to came a credible source that he could continue conservative politicians victims of the Warsaw

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Jim Yong Kim He came to the USA from Korea at the age of five. He is the first president of the Mother Teresa The woman who was born in 1910 as Anjezë Gonxha Bojaxhiu in the country World Bank whose roots are not in politics or the world of finance, as he had previously worked now known as Macedonia has become an icon of selfless love for one’s neighbors. At the age as a physician for the World Health Organization (WHO). He is now responsible for development of 18 she went to India as a Roman Catholic nun. There she found her vocation: caring for “the programs in almost 200 countries and is collecting $170 billion for the reconstruction of Syria poorest of the poor.” She became famous for her dedicated work helping lepers in Calcutta

Fatmire Alushi A fearless competitor, Alushi came to Germany from Kosovo aged four and grew up Wladimir Kaminer When this Russian writer describes everyday life in Germany, he has an to become a member of Germany’s national women’s soccer team. So far she has won the European outsider’s perspective that is startling and amusing. He enables Germans to laugh about them- championship three times and the world championship in 2007. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, selves. Although he was born in Moscow, Kaminer is actually a German citizen. During the final she scored both goals in Germany’s 2–0 win over Japan that secured the bronze medal weeks of the German Democratic Republic, he was granted asylum and German citizenship Photography: D. Levene / eyevine, action press (2), T. Rabsch/laif T. (2), action press / eyevine, Levene D. Photography: 11 people and values portraits

Marina Weisband

The “Pirate” Marina Weisband is pointing the way to new forms of politics in the 21st century

Politics does not nec- essarily mean distrib- uting brochures under sunshades bearing party logos in pedes- trian zones. Marina Weisband, a member of the German political party “Die Piraten,” does her political work through more timely alternative channels such as Facebook, Twitter, and her own blog. She believes that politics means sharing views and ideas—not at the next party conference but here and now. Now 28, she doesn’t like to waste time and energy. At the age of six she came to Germany with her parents from Ukraine. Physicians had advised her family to move far away from Chernobyl, as Marina had been born soon after this catastrophe and spent months in the hospital as a toddler. Health problems were also one of the reasons why she gave up her position as the Executive Director of Die Piraten in 2012. However, she is still committed to her political work. “One of the worst things about migration is that you have to leave your friends and relatives behind, and you’re aware of the condi- tions in which they’re still living,” she says. Now she is able to make more frequent visits to Kiev. “As a child I experienced German society as open and tolerant—and I’m grateful for that” Photography: J. Zick / action J.press Zick Photography:

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Peter Maffay Peter Maffay knows felt so marginalized caused him to deviate band Karat, have made critic of xenophobia. how it feels to be a in Romania that they from his course—on the him one of Germany’s When he sings about his Songs as a peace member of minority and moved to Germany in contrary. His songs are most popular rock and dreams and aspirations offering? It works if ev- to leave his homeland. 1963. At the start of his always an offer of peace pop musicians. Maffay today, no one’s laughing eryone sings along, like Because his mother musical career, Maffay and brotherhood. His helps Afghan refugees any more—millions of Peter Maffay’s fans. was a Transylvanian was laughed at by rock many hit songs, such as and traumatized and fans sing along. Saxon and his father musicians and bitterly “You Have to Cross Sev- disadvantaged children was a German-speaking mocked by music critics. en Bridges,” originally from all over the world Hungarian, the family However, that never written by the GDR and is an outspoken

“I know the fear you feel when you arrive in a foreign country and can’t speak the language” Photography: T. Rabsch / laif Rabsch T. Photography:

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Hasan Salihamidzic, a former professional The photographer Gisèle Freund stayed Tidjane Thiam, a former Minister of the The Bauhaus mastermind Mies van der soccer player, fled from Bosnia to Germany in Paris when the Nazis came to power Ivory Coast, is the CEO of Credit Suisse Rohe left Germany in 1938 for the USA

Rapper Afrob was born in Italy as his parents Germany was the adopted homeland of the The writer Sasa Stanisic fled from Bosnia The pop singer Helene Fischer was born made their way from Eritrea to Germany Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky until 1933 to Heidelberg when he was 14 years old in Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Stefan Hell, winner of the Nobel Prize Israel’s Prime Minister Golda Meir was The Fugees musician and producer Wyclef Omid Nouripour, a Bundestag member for for chemistry, comes from Romania born in Kiev and grew up in the USA Jean came from Haiti to the USA as a child the Green party, has Iranian roots

The singer Rihanna started out in Barba- The Turkish entrepreneur Vural Öger is a re- Ieoh Ming Pei was born in China and Arnold Schwarzenegger, from Austria dos but her career took off in the USA cipient of Germany’s Federal Cross of Merit shaped modern architecture in the USA was elected Governor of California Photography: ddp images (2), Corbis (3), dpa (2), SZ Photo, Eskapaden Musik, Interfoto, T. Wegner/laif, P. Rigaud/laif, S. T. Kroeger/laif, Intertopics, D. Pilar/laif, gettyimages Pilar/laif, Intertopics, D. Kroeger/laif, S. T. Rigaud/laif, P. Wegner/laif, T. Musik, Eskapaden Interfoto, Photo, SZ dpa (2), (3), Corbis (2), ddp images Photography: 14 menschen und werte porträts

Henry Kissinger No other US Secretary of State has had a Shermin Langhoff Migrants seldom have a career in the Ali Güngörmüs Against his parents’ will, he began an appren- bigger impact on world history than Kissinger, a Nobel Peace theater. Langhoff, who was born in Turkey and is now the ticeship as a cook after graduating from high school. Today he Prize laureate who has been known to call other politicians Director of the Gorki Theater in Berlin, intends to change is Germany’s only Michelin-star chef with Turkish roots. His “dangerous fools.” He was born in Fürth, Germany, in 1923 that by presenting the life of migrants on the stage successful recipes are Mediterranean and Oriental

Isabel Allende After her uncle, Chile’s President Salvador Elias Canetti Rootless, or a true European? This author Carlos Santana At the age of 14, this Mexican guitarist Allende, was killed in a military coup, Allende, a writer, was born in Bulgaria and lived in England, Austria, Switzer- earned his first dollars in the USA by playing his music in left the country. She has written her successful novels in land, and occasionally in Germany. Canetti graduated from strip clubs. Ten Grammys later, he says, “Everything you Venezuela and, since 1988, in the USA high school in Frankfurt am Main wish for can become a reality”

Sergey Brin His father could not endure the antisemitism Amal Alamuddin Clooney Her family fled to England Hertha Müller Those denouncing “intellectual cowardice” in of the Soviet Union any longer and applied to emigrate to to escape the civil war in Lebanon. Today she is a human communist Romania were persecuted. Müller, who went on the United States. His son, who was five years old at the rights lawyer who takes on cases all over the world—and in to receive the Nobel Prize for literature, received several death time, went on to become the co-inventor of Google her private4 ⁄ 2015 life the she magazine is the wife from of actor evonik George industries Clooney threats—even after leaving Romania for Germany in 1987 Photography: Corbis (2), W. Stahr/laif, imago, M. Short/laif, I. Ohlbaum/laif, G. Harari/laif, action press, M. Langemann/laif action press, G. Harari/laif, I. Ohlbaum/laif, M. Short/laif, imago, Stahr/laif, W. (2), Corbis Photography: 15 people and values portraits

Albert Einstein

Einstein was horri- fied by the ease with which many Germans made their peace with the Nazi dictatorship. He emigrated to the USA and never came back.

When Hitler came to power in 1933, Albert Einstein turned in his German passport in protest. He was already a world-fa- mous scientist, but as an active pacifist and a Jew he had long been targeted by the Nazis. Einstein’s writings were burned and he received death threats. Einstein, a winner of the Nobel Prize for physics and the inventor of the theory of relativity, was not prepared to make his peace with violence and racism—unlike the majority of Germans. He emigrated from Berlin to the USA, where he was warmly welcomed as possibly the greatest thinker of his time. From then on this brilliant physicist taught and conducted research at Princeton University near New York. In 1940 he received US citizen- ship in addition to his Swiss citizenship. Ein- stein’s experience of exile and World War II made him a passionate pacifist and a voice of warning. Until the end of his life he was an advocate of world government, interna- tional arms controls, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. He never forgave his former homeland.

“Many people’s horizon is like a circle with zero radius. They call this their standpoint” Photography: Corbis Photography:

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“I’ve often been treated inappropriately. That’s because I’m a woman and a foreigner” Photography: D. Levene / eyevine Levene D. Photography:

Zaha Hadid Buildings don’t have to Ever since she designed extravagant shapes a scandal. She calls architects, the Pritzker be real estate. In 2008 a futuristic firehouse but also because Hadid postmodern architec- Prize, in recognition of This architect Zaha Hadid designed in Weil am Rhein doesn’t mind working ture a catastrophe; her her striking originali- hates right angles and a mobile exhibition in 1993, this Bagh- in countries ruled by models include Russian ty. “It’s a challenge to doesn’t set much store building for the Chanel dad-born architect has dictators, such as Azer- constructivists such as create architecture if by other conventions fashion company that created architectonic baijan. Is this good, Kazimir Malevich. you’re a woman and a either. was subsequently monuments all over bad, permitted or Now aged 65, Hadid foreigner—especially rebuilt in Tokyo, New the world. Many of forbidden? Hadid takes is the first—and so if you’re doing unusual York, Hadid’s adopted them have sparked nothing for granted, far the only—woman things,” she says. And home city of London, fierce debates, not even if this means one to receive the most she does unusual things Moscow, and Paris. only because of their of her works causes coveted honor for every day.

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Okwui Enwezor “I’m interested in ideas, not nationalities,” says Enwezor, who was born in Nigeria Malala Yousafzai This 18-year-old girl dares to do what only well-equipped armies can do: to and after many years in the USA became the director of the art museum Haus der Kunst in Munich defy the Taliban. Because she promoted girls’ right to education, she was attacked and shot by in 2011. Now 52, he rejects the idea of art as pure decoration. At the Biennale in Venice in 2015, he the Taliban. She underwent emergency operations in England and has settled there for the time staged a reading of Karl Marx’s Capital in order to protest against the commercialization of art being. And she still says, “When an injustice is done, you must be allowed to call it by name”

Marie Curie “I never really learned how to do housework,” said Marie Curie. After all, she had Billy Wilder His name was actually Samuel, but his Polish mother loved America and named another goal in mind. Women were not allowed to study at universities in Poland, so she enrolled her sons Willie and Billie. After arriving in the USA, Billie Wilder started spelling his name at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1891. For her work, which included the discovery of radioactivity, she with a Y and went on to make popular films, such as “Some like It Hot” starring Marilyn Mon- received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in chemistry eight years later roe. For his work he received a total of six Oscars Photography: SZ Photo, ddp images, corbis (2) corbis ddp images, Photo, SZ Photography: 18 people and values interview “Work Is Crucial to Integration” Interview with Klaus Engel, Chairman of the Executive Board of Evonik Industries AG

Mr. Engel, in a speech you gave in Berlin, that attracted a lot of Clear opinions, attention, you said that Germany expressed in needs to develop a new positive set of public: Klaus guiding principles to deal with the current Engel (second from left) in wave of immigration. You referred to this a televised as the “German Dream.” What exactly is discussion this dream? Klaus Engel: It’s remarkable that Germany has now become the number one immigra- tion destination; we’re even ahead of the USA right now. Who would have thought our country would emerge from the shad- ows of its past, reunite, and now become the place where a huge number of people from all over the world want to make their home? The “German Dream” that brings these many refugees to us is the promise of peace that our country holds for them.

Germany is like a magnet. Is that why so many are coming? Engel: The appeal of our country has to do with our social market economy, which ensures our citizens have the opportunity to participate in our prosperity, are inte- of us. The members of the so-called Islam- war zones are fleeing from the very same grated socially, and are rewarded for hard ic State want to bring their war against Islamist extremism that threatens us. work and education. Our political stability the West to our front door, and all of us They’re trying to save their lives and want and prosperity are the result of the social in Europe have to work together to stop to live in peace with others. Still, one stability and peace that our unique eco- them. However, I also believe we should thing needs to be clear—namely that we nomic system makes possible. This aspect remain calm, because the West has made can not allow the bloody battle under way is very fascinating and appealing to people. many mistakes in the Middle East over the between different Muslim denominations last 14 years, and Europe should be careful to be imported into Germany and Europe. Given the recent attacks in Paris, isn’t the not to repeat them. The refugees must abandon the hate from “German Dream” somewhat naïve? their past and, instead, adopt our princi- Engel: The horrible attacks in Paris were But doesn’t the influx of refugees also har- ple of peaceful conflict resolution. Howev- directed at the Western way of life—at all bor the potential for conflict and terrorist er, the only way to ensure this is through attacks in Germany? the rapid integration of refugees into our Engel: You have to view these things sep- society and our value system. arately. It’s certainly a matter of concern “The ‘German Dream’ when our security experts say that we Doesn’t the rising number of refugees pose are facing a threat from Islamist extrem- a threat to social cohesion? that brings refugees ists. Our government should take such Engel: Social cohesion here will not be to us is the promise of information very seriously, of course. jeopardized by immigration just as long as However, the reality on the ground is still immigration doesn’t lead to envy, resent- peace that our country quite different at the moment. After all, ment, and conflict between the German holds for them” the refugees who are coming to us from population and the refugees. WDR, Kaman/Anadolu Mehmet Agency/Getty Shutterstock actionPhotography: press, Images,

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Helping instead of protest- ing: While certain groups march against immigration, most Germans feel for the refugees, and show it

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So how can we prevent conflicts related thing hinges upon training, education, and our employment authorities, chambers to the distribution of jobs, wealth, etc.? labor market integration. The only way to of commerce and industry, and compa- Engel: The refugee crisis is also putting the avoid repeating the mistakes of the past nies an ideal opportunity to finally reduce spotlight on the social and economic divide and creating so-called parallel societies the complexity of their bureaucracies. here in Germany, which we have chosen is through employment. Employment has Of course, that doesn’t mean we should to ignore in recent times in light of our pos- always been the key to liberating people abandon our high standards for profession- itive economic development. For example, from outdated social and cultural con- al training and education, but we do need we have not done a sufficiently good job of straints. More importantly, work lets you to lower the bar somewhat for refugees in reintegrating the economically underpriv- live an independent life. It enables you to order to get them started. Otherwise we ileged and the long-term unemployed into adapt to your environment and to lead a won’t be able to accomplish anything. the mainstream. We’ve also neglected the social life, and it gives you a feeling of pride construction of new subsidized housing. as well. So if we want to help the refugees What do you propose? We have lost one million subsidized apart- integrate and liberate themselves from the Engel: Some promising approaches being ments in Germany since 2002, and the sinister and, in part, medieval social and taken by chambers of industry and com- effects of this are now becoming noticeable cultural norms that they have fled from, merce involve assessing individual skills in a dramatic way. Today, we have a short- then we’re going to have to provide them and issuing provisional certifications. We age of more than two and a half million with employment. in German industry should offer intern- small, affordable apartments. ships in the interim, as this would allow young refugees to spend their time in a Doesn’t that lead to envy and resentment “If we want to help meaningful way until their status is clari- among Germans? fied. If they have to sit around and wait the Engel: We can not allow right-wing pop- refugees liberate them- whole time, they will become aggressive. ulists to weigh the economic problems of selves from in part Germans against the precarious situation Should we eliminate the minimum wage of the refugees. What we need today is medieval conditions, for refugees? an extensive program of investment that then we’re going to Engel: We shouldn’t downgrade refu- addresses everyone’s problems—there’s have to provide them gees into a reserve labor army. Here too, a lot that needs to be done on the housing we should avoid pitting refugees against and labor markets, but also at universi- with employment” the local population. If we eliminate the ties, schools, and kindergartens, and at minimum wage for refugees, the low-wage public facilities. I would also point out that sector will be subjected to huge pressure, Yes, but do they have the qualifications such investment will create jobs. I’m very and competition at the lower end of the needed in our complex industrial society? optimistic that if we set the right political labor market will become unbearable. Engel: Initially, most refugees have very course, we can succeed in integrating the little chance of finding a job. They often great number of refugees who are coming Given all the problems, do you really be- don’t have their degrees or certifications to us. lieve there’s still potential for expansion on with them, or else they have no formal the labor market? qualifications whatsoever. Strictly speak- How? Engel: The refugees arriving in Germany ing, 80 percent of the refugees don’t have Engel: Integration starts with language; are a great opportunity for our labor mar- the type of formal qualification that is after that comes an apartment, training or ket. A lot are very young—70 percent under required here in Germany. However, if you education, and work. In the end, every- 30, and 55 percent under 25. According to look at it the other way around, this offers

We can do it: How Evonik is helping out with projects

Evonik is taking action and helping: Employees at various locations are volunteering and the Evonik Foundation is making donations to institutions and initiatives throughout Germany. Here we present six of a total of more than 60 projects

Organizing aid Advice and support Helping refugees to help For months, German citizens The Women’s Cafe in Hanau is themselves have been donating clothing a place for women who have Employees in Worms and and everyday articles for € fled their country either alone Rheinfelden have set up and refugees. The need is growing or with children. The cafe is equipped mobile bicycle repair again as winter approaches. Evonik is helping a safe haven where they can also meet other shops where refugees can fix up bikes for to coordinate measures in Marl and Hanau women in similar situations and obtain advice themselves and their families. This involves and has set up permanent clothing distribution from trained social workers. Evonik is support- more than just patching tires: Many refugees centers, for example. The company is also ing the cafe and a similar facility in Essen with spend their first few months in Germany procuring baby carriages and slings in Hanau. donations. Evonik is also financing training simply waiting—but at the repair shops, they In addition, Evonik has donated a van with measures for voluntary aid workers in Worms can do something meaningful and talk to each nine seats in Wesseling that will be used to who help refugees deal with authorities and other and to German aid workers. The work take refugees on short trips and to transport support them in everyday situations and when and the bikes also give them and their children donated materials. conflicts arise. a feeling of independence and mobility.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 21 people and values interview

“We will not have to give up our prosperity. Successful integration will enrich our country not only culturally but also in terms of euros and cents”

the Federal Employment Agency, young refugees are very motivated to find work and want to make their own way in the world. However, to exploit this potential, we first need to invest in language skills, training, and education. The people now arriving are not the skilled professionals of tomorrow, but they are the skilled profes- Germany is going to sionals of the more long-term future. change: Klaus Engel in a television debate Will all the effort needed actually pay off? Engel: Immigration represents a worth- while investment in the future of our country, one that will pay off. Germany tute conducted a survey that revealed that in Cologne, Henriette Reker. This type of needs more workers and skilled profes- the majority of Germans—54 percent—now thing worries me a lot. It’s almost like an sionals. Without immigration, the popu- view the influx of refugees as a cause of abyss is opening up. lation will fall by 20 million by 2050—and great concern. Moreover, 57 percent have the labor force by 40 percent. That’s an- the impression that politicians, regardless The results of the public opinion polls are other reason why I would like to see new of which party they belong to, don’t have a in fact disturbing... legislation implemented quickly, as that’s clue as to how to deal with the refugee sit- Engel: Nevertheless, I do believe that the best way to manage integration in a uation. At the same time, slightly less than we will see a stabilization in the refugee manner acceptable to everyone. half the population believe that politicians situation in the winter months and that don’t pay enough attention to the interests order will then be restored. We did in fact Yet the challenges we face with the ref- of Germans. I’m stunned by that—by the experience a state of emergency in the ugees are mounting. Aren’t you worried noticeable hatred people feel toward politi- summer. However, the government agen- that the current acceptance among Ger- cians, the lack of trust in our government, cies have been able to turn things around man people could change? and the increasing disdain for our political in the meantime, and they will now make Engel: Yes, there’s a danger that this could system. For example, there was that horri- sure everything proceeds more calmly in

Photography: WDR Illustrations: C3 Visual lab WDR Illustrations: Photography: happen. In October, the Allensbach Insti- ble knife attack on the mayoral candidate the future.

Providing housing Enabling integration Fun and leisure A roof over one’s head, a The first year in a new class is During this year’s Universal bed, a shower, and a washing hard for anyone—but it’s even Children’s Day, the Grugapark machine—for many refugees, harder for refugee children facility in Essen staged an these are the basic things that who don’t speak German. extensive program that includ- make them feel a little more normal once Two women in Herne developed a teaching ed a soapbox derby and a children’s theater. they have arrived. The emergency shelter approach to help German children who have Some 90 children from refugee families being operated by the state of North Rhine-West- problems speaking and writing properly. This housed provisionally in Essen were also on phalia in Haltern am See needed additional approach is now being used with refugee hand. Their participation was made possible space to house washing machines for the 130 children in schools in Herne. Evonik has do- by 50 volunteers and donations from Evonik refugees scheduled to move in. The provision nated money to rent extra space and purchase for admission tickets, bus tickets, and a picnic. of temporary facilities is something Evonik is teaching materials. Whether it’s an evening The refugee kids could simply have fun and be very familiar with in Marl. Colleagues from school in Wesseling, a high school in Hal- kids again—an experience that had been taken Site Services therefore placed an order with a tern, a project with the Federal Employment away from them. In order to offer refugee trusted supplier for two multifunctional trailers Agency in Krefeld, or the “Language Café” in children and their parents such experiences, with a stable base construction, just like the Dossenheim—Evonik supports projects near as well as opportunities to meet other people, ones used for offices on construction sites. its facilities that help children, teenagers, and Evonik also supports the construction of per- Evonik employees then ensured the trailers adults learn German as quickly as possible, so manent facilities such as the “Children’s Play- were set up properly for use as temporary that they can integrate themselves and become room” in Dorsten and a leisure and community laundry rooms. successful in Germany. center in Hanau.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 22 people and values interview

their Turkish flags out the window. And Klaus Engel seated next to then we were very surprised, and also all former German Chancellor very pleased, when many Turks displayed Gerhard Schröder during a German flags as a matter of course after podium discussion in Berlin Turkey failed to qualify for the World Cup. The German-Turkish flags that a lot of people made themselves were especially nice. They had a white crescent with a star in the red color of the German flag. That shows how creative people can be when they show their feelings and apprecia- tion for their old and new countries. Why should we force anyone to adhere to single core culture?

But what about the values in our constitu- tion that are considered inviolable? Engel: They’re all in our Basic Law: No one may be favored or disadvantaged due to their gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, race, language, nationality, faith, or religious or political views. That’s very clearly and nicely formulated. That’s the admission ticket for refugees, so to speak. In my opinion, we should not be forcing immigrants to adopt a type of crude pa- triotism but instead encouraging them to Two-thirds of the population believe society will have to give up its prosperity, develop a kind of constitutional patrio- that Muslim refugees will significantly since successful integration will enrich tism that really should apply to all people change our country. our country not only culturally but also in in Germany. The philosopher Jürgen Engel: This is a long-term problem that we terms of euros and cents. Habermas has said that the majority in a need to address together. The fears among constitutional democracy should never be the German population regarding Islamic You said we need a new set of guiding permitted to force its culture and its way infiltration can only be allayed through political principles. What’s the difference of life onto a minority. He’s right, and so information and education. Apart from its between that and a core German culture? we should simply stop talking about this other characteristics, the Pegida move- Engel: For a company or a society, a guid- subject. ment also involves a type of protest against ing principle is like an agenda that also what is perceived to be an elitist democracy needs to be linked to specific measures. For Then how can we get immigrants to com- that supposedly ignores the true needs of example, a strategic goal is formulated that mit themselves to our values? ? the people. That’s why we need to ensure outlines where a company wants to be in Engel: There are already many initiatives greater transparency and democratic five years. The German “core culture” that and proposals in this direction. The ARD participation in all decision-making pro- everyone’s talking about doesn’t actually broadcasting company is now showing cesses—from the construction of a refugee exist in the form they think. It also seems a popular German children’s program in shelter to the TTIP transatlantic trade that some political figures have come up Arabic in order to teach children how to agreement. A democracy can only function with a new delusional idea that Germany ride a bus in Germany, for example. At properly with transparency—not with a can quickly isolate itself and, in that way, the same time, I believe that exceptional culture of constant rage. ensure that nothing changes. Illusions circumstances require unique measures. have never gotten us very far in our histo- For example, it would be a great idea if What do you think? Will things remain the ry. The interesting question is not whether Chancellor Angela Merkel’s New Year’s same in Germany? our country will change but rather how it address at the end of this year were to be Engel: No, we need to understand that our will change. broadcast with Arabic subtitles, and if she country will in fact change—or, perhaps would also say a few words in Arabic with I should say, will have to change. Josef And how are we to understand that? German subtitles. The Chancellor would Overbeck, our bishop here in the Ruhr Engel: For example, I have to grin when I thus be addressing the refugees on an region, said things very clearly: Our pros- hear that Syrian refugees in Freiberg, Sax- equal footing, so to speak, and showing perity and the way we live in peace with ony, are being taught to sing an old German them her respect by using their language. one another will change. I believe he’s coal mining song. I mean, I love the mining At the same time, she could also use the right, because as long as one out every four tradition, but that’s a little ridiculous. speech as an opportunity to appeal to Ger- children on earth doesn’t have enough to eat, we can’t expect to see much change The General Secretary of the Christian in terms of global inequality and global Democratic Union has said that refugees “We shouldn’t force migration. The biggest causes of hunger are should at least be able to sing the German immigrants to adopt a all the military conflicts around the world. national anthem and that they should root The bishop also said that while the refugees for the German soccer team. crude patriotism but need to adapt to our way of life, we also Engel: Let me put it this way: We didn’t rather encourage them need to change some of our habits. I think demand that Turkish-Germans come he’s right about that, too. Integration is not out to cheer on the German team during to develop a constitu-

a one-way street. Still, I don’t think our the 2006 World Cup. They initially hung tional patriotism” (3) Shutterstock Berghäuser, Antje Photography:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 23 people and values interview mans—to their conscience—and to allay their fears. At the same time, she could explain to the refugees in their own lan- guage why they need to respect and obey German laws and not fight with each other in the shelters, for example. That would send a powerful signal.

Indeed. But how can we actually improve integration? Engel: If what former German President Christian Wulff said about Islam being a part of Germany is true, then why don’t we do more to shape concrete government policy accordingly? I travel a lot all around the world. We recently opened a new plant in Singapore. Whenever I go to a cere- mony for a plant opening, I always make sure to learn something about the country concerned beforehand. What I experienced in Singapore was truly amazing, and it Immigration policy: could very well serve as an example for How do other countries address it? Germany. Singapore is a country in which Australia, the USA, Canada, and Sweden are all popular and successful people from four different major religions countries of immigration. What immigration policies do they employ? manage to live peacefully alongside one another. The government treats everyone Point system in Stockholm and Göteborg have been con- equally. The goal in Singapore is not only Canada and Australia use a point system to sidered problem districts for several years to maintain social cohesion but also to evaluate potential immigrants. Points are now, and such a development may soon be protect the multi-ethnic and multi-reli- awarded on the basis of education, profes- seen in Vancouver and Toronto as well. Can- gious city-state against the influences of sional experience, language skills, and age. ada therefore recently began promoting the religious extremism. The main religions Canada’s system is limited in its effective- creation of jobs for immigrants in provincial in Singapore are Buddhism, Christianity, ness, because it reacts to slowly to labor areas, something Australia has been doing Islam, and Hinduism. So, in addition to the market changes, which is why many highly for many years now. three secular holidays celebrated there— qualified immigrants have been forced to New Year’s Day, Labor Day, and a national drive taxis or take cleaning jobs in the coun- Family reunification holiday—Singapore also has a number of try. Australia has a highly professional immi- The immediate family of immigrants who other religious holidays distributed across gration agency that determines immigration are already in a country usually don’t have the four main religions, and these holidays needs, but only one-third of all immigrants the same level of education or language are for everyone. enter the country via the point system. skills. This aspect is viewed critically, and some immigrants also have large families. Is that something that could also work Job requirement Statistically speaking, nearly two-thirds of here in Germany? Having a job is the best bet. For example, immigrants to the USA obtain their coveted Engel: If we were to do something like those with a job offer are generally awarded Green Card (permanent residency) as family that in Germany, we would have to make the most points in Canada. Individual Ca- members of already established immigrants. certain holidays of other religions into nadian provinces can also allow immigrants The figure for Sweden is around one-third, official holidays for all—in other words, in without using the point system. Almost for Canada one-fourth, and for Australia these holidays would be for everyone in all non-refugee immigrants in Sweden are only one-fifth. The parents of immigrants the country. So, the Jewish holiday of Yom allowed in only because of a job offer, and don’t have much chance of joining their Kippur, the Day of Atonement, and Eid the same is true of those who successfully children in Australia—studies have shown al-Adha, the Muslim Festival of the Sacri- enter the USA to work. One-third of all that this group of potential immigrants offers fice, would both become German national immigrants to Australia enter via the point little benefit to the economy. holidays, for example. This would make system; two-thirds have a job offer. Austra- Muslims in our society feel more accepted. lian employers recruit aggressively at trade Temporary residency Such practical approaches would do more fairs in London and Berlin, as well as via 70 A temporary visa has two benefits. It is for integration then academic discussions employer association offices abroad. linked to a job and offers both sides time to about whether or not Islam is really a part get to know each other, as it were. The USA of Germany. They would serve as firm and Entrepreneurs and investors issues around 130,000 temporary visas to sweeping gestures that would better reflect Investors and solvent entrepreneurs are highly qualified individuals each year, as well the transformation of our modern society welcome everywhere. The US and Australia as to unskilled workers for employment in than all the discussions about a “core Ger- have special visas for such individuals. the construction, health care, landscaping, man culture.” forestry, hotel, and food-processing indus- Geographic distribution tries. Many later receive a Green Card. It is Does that mean we will soon see the Many immigrants want to live in big cities. similar in Australia, where residence permits Protestant Klaus Engel breaking bread in However, this poses the risk of the type of for two or four years are issued mainly a Muslim community? ghettoization that’s occurred in the South to people with job offers or to students. Engel: It’s something that I’ve already Bronx in New York or in neighborhoods on Around half of these people then later suc- done, and I can only recommend that the outskirts of Paris. Similarly located areas cessfully apply for permanent residency. everyone try it.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 24 people and values opinion Time to Rethink! When millions of people are migrating, something needs to shift in our way of thinking too. The certainties of the past no longer apply. For Germany and the Germans, this means rethinking and changing the way we behave—both inside and outside.

Germany needs the host country grants integration and migrants must adapt. In this way, paradoxically, integration becomes a shared idea a concept that excludes certain demographic groups. The diversity all around us has to become part of Yet nonintegration has nothing to do with ethnic our identity, says Naika Foroutan. origin. Not being integrated means not sharing in the main benefits and promises of society, such as employ- ment, education, culture, and social advancement. German is culturally diverse—and always has Not only immigrants to Germany but also many other been. It is characterized by Bavarian, Saxon, people in the former East and West Germany are de- Northern German, and German-Turkish in- prived of these benefits. The concept of nonintegration fluences, and metropolitan and rural, Christian and must therefore be applied to the whole of society. Muslim ways of being. Germany is a heterogeneous In current attitudes to the so-called refugee crisis, country for the simple reason that it lies at the heart of what is striking is that both economic research insti- Europe and has been continuously shaped by streams tutes and major corporations take a positive view of of migration. Yet Germany lacks a shared idea or mis- the influx of refugees. If, therefore, there is no eco- sion statement that reflects this diversity and makes it nomic threat and, at the same time, experts refer to a a blueprint for the future. demographic crisis in Germany that can only be off- This lack is also mirrored in attitudes toward inte- set by more immigration, then it can only be a fear of gration, which for a long time tended to focus one-sid- diversity that is paving the way for a rise of the New edly on the migrants themselves. People believed that Right. It is the fear of being overwhelmed by foreign- ers, which in turn feeds on the deep-rooted idea of a homogeneous people that is being undermined. We therefore need a shared idea with which all citizens, including the “new” ones, can identify, and which reflects the actual diversity of German society. A key route to such an idea can be the way in which certain historical events are put into context. At the very latest, from the period of reconstruc- tion following World War II, there is a shared history that includes migrants to Germany. The so-called eco- nomic miracle of the 1960s, for example, is an achieve- ment based on the joint commitment and hard work of the entire population, including both the established and immigrant sections. It is not enough, however, merely to discover the rudiments of such a common history; this shared story must be continually explained as such. This is best ac- complished in school textbooks, and in history, geog- raphy, and math classes, where we can point precisely at the origins of what we today regard as our canon of knowledge. Similarly, political speeches, news- paper articles, academic papers, and even targeted campaigns can help show people that diversity is not

something new in Germany. C3 Visual Lab | Illustrations: PR Photography: Home Naika Foroutan is Professor of Integration Research and Social Policy at the Humboldt University of Berlin and Deputy Director of the Berlin Institute for Integration and Migration Research (BIM). She is also a board member of the Council on Migration.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 25 people and values opinion

Jürgen Todenhöfer—a former politician and media executive—is a journalist and author of numerous bestselling works of nonfiction, including the recent Inside IS. 10 Tage im “Islamischen Staat”. His charitable foundation Sternenstaub, founded in 2009, funds aid projects in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Congo, and also Germany.

We need to stop fighting wars The West must shed the following dogmas, says Jürgen Todenhöfer.

We need to eradicate the causes of the refugee disaster and of terrorism. In the Middle East, it’s a case of all-out war at the moment, with powerful support from the West. Only when the West helps to put an end to this poisonous situation will the flow of refugees dry up. By the same token, concerted action could conquer the terrorism the West has helped to breed, including the IS. We need clever politicians who advocate peace, not warmongers.

A seven-point plan for the Middle East

A long-term peace and security conference for the 1.Muslim countries to bring about a settlement of their interstate conflicts (Middle-East CSCE), including those between Sunni and Shiite countries. Some governments in the Middle East share much of the responsibility for the chaos into which the region and its countries have been plunged. For many of them, social justice is an un- The West should treat the Muslim world as gener- known concept. 5.ously and as fairly as it does Israel. The removal of all Western military bases in the An end to the racist and religious discrimination Muslim world. They are a humiliating remnant of 2. against Muslims in the countries of the Western colonial times that no one needs. After all, we don’t have 6. world. All slurs against religion and religious groups any military bases in China. (incitement to hatred) must be strictly punished—as is required by Paragraphs 166 and 130 of the German Pe- A renunciation by the West of war against the Mus- nal Code. Our judges have no right not to apply certain lim world. In the period since 9/11, wars by the West 3. paragraphs of the Penal Code. To refrain from doing so is have led to an explosion in the number of international a perversion of the course of justice. terrorists from 1,000 to over 100,000. The Middle East is drowning in terrorism, and we’ve bred it ourselves.

Combating all forms of terrorism in the world— Abroad whether far-left, far-right, separatist, religious, A strict policy of nonintervention in the internal 7. or of any other motivation—with the classic weapons affairs of other countries. This also applies to Sau- 4. of counterterrorism: infiltration, surveillance, money, di Arabia and Iran. The Muslim countries must be left to special commando forces, etc.—but not with the failed solve their own conflicts, including the IS conflict. strategy of war, which has been shown to breed terror- ism. The Western and the Muslim worlds need to adopt a new way of thinking, in which the focus is on justice and Jürgen Todenhöfer education, rather than tank shipments and oil contracts. is a highly respected Wars of aggression and terrorism are a crime against hu- figure in the Middle manity. East. His insider re- port from within the IS has been on Spiegel My advice to both sides: Stop insulting God with your magazine’s bestseller godless violence! If not, Hell will soon be bursting at the list since April 2015. seams. God is neither a warmonger nor a terrorist.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 26 people and values everyday heroes

They heard the news, 8 read about the plight 1 of the refugees, and set about providing some concrete help. That’s sympathy in action and 2 real moral courage. Do you recognize any of these everyday heroes?

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4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 27 people and values everyday heroes ON THE DESIRE TO HELP Some people get involved, others look the other way. Some open their hearts, others shut themselves off. Why does a feeling of dismay cause some people to turn away, while in others it inspires compassion?

At an asylum-seeker center in Dresden, Kai Löwenbrück and Daniel Sippel realized how ur- gently some refugees required medical care—and how slowly they were receiving it. Without further ado, the two doctors set up a portacabin outside the center and are now providing—alongside their regular duties at the 3 University Clinic—free care for typical refugee ailments such as scratches, diarrhea, and kidney malfunction. Similarly, Harald Höppner could no longer bear the horror stories about capsized refugee boats in the Mediter- ranean. With friends, he bought a fishing boat last winter, refitted it, set up the organization Sea Watch, and is now patrolling the waters off Libya with a crew of volunteers. To date, they have rescued more than 600 refugees. SV Babelsberg 03, a soccer team in the Havelland Dis- trict League, has players from Albania, Somalia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sudan, Syria, and Kenya. “Soccer unites peo- ple,” says Manja Thieme, who initiated the project.” These are just three of the thousands of examples of how people are helping in the current refugee crisis. They hand out donated goods, give language courses, help refu- gees in their dealings with the authorities, organize sleep- ing accommodation, and even provide welcome dinners in their own homes. As if from nowhere, a huge willing- ness to help has suddenly materialized. 4 But just where has this new will to help complete strangers come from in Germany? Because the unusual thing is that it is not directed at friends or acquaintances. Nor does it involve donating money for the needy in a far- away land. Instead, German citizens are making their way to hostels and camps with the firm intention to help people that they don’t even know. What images do we want to see? A spirit of adventure, a sense of community, basic values, role models—as social psychologist Hans-Werner Bierhoff explains, “Motives like these always play a role in vol- untary work.” In the present case, however, all these are overlaid by a further motive: “a feeling of responsibility in “A sense the political and humanitarian sphere.” of respon- Germany is whatever people make of it. But it is also whatever the media choose to portray. When TV reports sibility show volunteers welcoming trainloads of migrants, these motivates are positive images that counteract the pictures of Pegida marches and refugee hostels purposely set on fire. This is helpers” the reason why political scientist Herfried Münkler also Hans-Werner Bierhoff taught calls such instances of help a “battle over the hegemony social psychology at of images.” Do we want to be the land of burning refugee the Ruhr University Illustration: Eva Vasari Eva Illustration: Foto: xxxxxx Foto: hostels? Or the land of people who help and care? This Bochum until 2014

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 28 people and values everyday heroes

Key Who Are All These People?

They all invest their spare time, and some their own money: These unsung heroes are helping to make life better for refugees— and, in doing so, for themselves as well

1. Micaela Oldorf 6. Til Schweiger works for Human The German actor is also Resources at Evonik in featured here, because he Hanau. A former high- publicly vented his anger school teacher, she and got involved—and teaches refugees on a because his involvement voluntary basis. has generated a huge wave of sympathy. 2. Katia Lübbert helps out at the Berlin 7. Kai Löwenbrück and center for refugees from Daniel Sippel Syria and looks after Just like a small unit of children of refugees while Médecins Sans Fron- they are taking a German tières—but stationed course. “Lots of Germans right in the middle of are very willing to help Dresden—the two doc- out right now,” she says, tors set up a portacabin “but what’s it going to next to an asylum-seek- be like in three or four er center and are now months?” providing free medical care for refugees, whose 3. Vanessa Vadder access to the German is an office communi- healthcare system is 28 cations clerk at Marl hindered by endless red Chemical Park and now tape. Löwenbrück and All in the same boat? fight over which images dominate is vital precisely be- helps look after six young Sippel have the support of It’d be even better to cause images are things that immediately generate emo- refugees from Eritrea. hundreds of friends, stu- sit at the same table. tions and move people. dents, and fellow doctors. Eating, drinking, and The kind of feelings that images evoke in us depends on 4. Harald Höppner First, however, they must talking are the best what kind of experiences we have had. One and the same way to understand and some friends joined persuade the authorities. one another image can generate both sympathy and hatred. Those who forces to buy an old fish- feel disadvantaged in life have little time for the problems ing boat at the beginning 8. Sebastian Hirtle of others. In the flood of refugees, they primarily see a of 2015. Following a re- is a paramedic at Evonik in mass of foreigners whose dark eyes gaze hungrily at Ger- fit, the vessel now patrols Rheinfelden. He and his many. That evokes fear, and those who are frightened tend the waters off the coast of sister flew to the Greek to close their minds, become indignant, nurture preju- Libya, on the lookout for island of Kos to set up dices and negative stereotypes, and are ready one day to refugee boats in dis- their very own refugee march with Pegida. tress. After supplying life aid project. On the other hand, those who are receptive to the suf- jackets and any necessary fering of others experience empathy and thereby lay the medical care, the crew 9. Karen and Karl foundations for providing active help. And in doing so, of volunteers notifies the Spiekermann they also reward themselves. This is evident in those help- Italian sea rescue services. For over 20 years now, ers who, following a 15-hour shift, say with a smile that To date, Sea Watch has Karl Spiekermann and it’s a great feeling to be doing something meaningful. In helped rescue more than his wife, Karen, have their case, feeling and understanding are working togeth- 600 people. taken in refugees to er. Empathy is a conscious process, of which compassion, their home in Warstein. contributed by the understanding, is just as much a part as 5. Michael Lasch Living with them right sympathy, a predominantly emotional component. is the caretaker respon- now are six people from sible for all the refugee Afghanistan, Kosovo, and Contagious feelings hostels in Cologne, a city Nigeria. “They all need It all begins with an unconscious process known as emo- with one of the largest someone who can be a tional contagion. If we spend time with someone who is influxes of asylum seekers friend to them,” says Karl nervous or overtaxed, we soon feel stressed ourselves. By in Germany. Tables, Spiekermann. “If my own contrast, a smile can be very contagious—as can a yawn: chairs, beds, mattresses, children wouldn’t look We often find ourselves yawning back, although we felt and provisions? No prob- after me in my old age, perfectly awake a few minutes before. Evolutionists sus- lem, according to Lasch! the refugees would.” pect that the purpose of such reflex actions is to strengthen bonding within a community. Physiologically speaking,

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 29 people and values everyday heroes

group was invited to watch another being given minor electric shocks. In the case of victims who were liked by “We suffer the spectators, because they had acted fairly in a game along, but situation beforehand, the latter experienced mental pain at the sight of their suffering. If, however, the victims we know had tried to cheat, the spectators did not experience any it’s not our sympathy. On the contrary, their nucleus accumbens, the reward center of the brain, clicked into gear, causing pain” the spectators to experience gratification, schadenfreude, Tania Singer and feelings of revenge. Director of the Max This experiment may well explain why most Germans’ Planck Institute for Human Cognitive knowledge of the refugee crisis starts and ends with the and Brain Sciences in television. As in the case of the homeless, the images pro- Leipzig voke pity, an uncomfortable feeling that no one can en- dure for very long. It is therefore a relief when the news announcer moves on to another item. And should another news story cast a bad light on the refugees, because some are fighting over food, claiming a right to hospitality, making unreasonable demands, or turning to criminal acts, then hatred can also soon develop—and schaden- freude at the sight of their suffering. From sympathy to compassion Empathy is only transformed into active help when the understanding is activated and can create a certain dis- tance. This feeling of compassion is like the love and af- fection that parents experience when consoling a weep- ing child. Were they merely to suffer in sympathy with their child, they would likewise feel helpless and would weep as well. Using brain scans, Singer has been able to render vis- ible precisely this difference between passive sympathy and active compassion. The subject of the experiment 28 was a Buddhist monk, highly experienced in the control, through meditation, of mental and emotional states. After mirror neurons are responsible for emotional contagion. watching a documentary film about neglected Romanian When we watch people skiing or dancing, for example, orphans, he descended into a deep state of emotional sym- we mentally sway with the same movement, because the pathy. Afterwards, he reported that he had visualized the same neuronal networks are active in our brain. This also children’s suffering “as vividly as possible,” but that the applies to even the slightest bodily and facial changes pain had “soon became unbearable,” leaving him feeling that we perceive in a person with whom we are interact- “exhausted and burned out.” ing. We can understand the feelings of others, because However, as soon as the monk switched to a medita- we can read the movement in a person’s face and then tive state of compassion, he was no longer tortured by the mirror those feelings in our brain. This gives us a picture images: “Instead, I felt I had a natural and boundless love of that person’s emotions, which we then supplement for the children and the courage to approach and comfort though our own emotional experience. them.” At such moments, as MRI scans showed, areas in Tania Singer, Director of the Max Planck Institute for the orbitofrontal cortex were active; this was not the case Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, is investi- when the monk adopted a state of sympathy. This region gating how this mirroring process works. Her work focus- of the brain, which is located behind the lower part of the es on the boundary between unconscious and conscious forehead, controls impulses and emotions, and thereby empathy. Whereas emotional contagion occurs involun- helps us to socially adapt. tarily—we assume another’s mood without being aware of No one needs to become a monk in order to strengthen this—people experiencing empathy draw a line between their capacity for compassion. Right now, Tania Singer is themselves and the other. “I suffer with the other,” Singer coordinating a study in which 200 people are being asked explains, “but I am fully aware that it is their suffering. I to train their self-perception, emotional self-regulation, feel it only vicariously.” empathy, and compassion over a period of 11 months. Her Nevertheless, in such a case, I do feel. If, for example, thesis is that the more frequently certain neural pathways we observe someone hitting their thumb with a hammer, are used, the more quickly they will then respond. we also writhe in a sort of phantom pain. We suffer with In other words, compassion can be taught and trained. them, although we know perfectly well that it is primarily No one needs to sit in front of the TV with a bad conscience. the other person who is suffering. Despite this knowledge, In helping others, we can also reward ourselves. A concern Carsten Jasner, author at Schön however, our distress is still hard to bear. It is for the same for others not only increases our own satisfaction with life & Gut in Berlin, reason that we often avoid eye contact with the homeless. but also makes others happy. What’s more, it also has an recently helped sort We find their hardship painful, we feel powerless, and we indirect effect on how we treat one another, making us and distribute do- therefore look away. more open, equal, and caring. Extra helpers are always nated clothing. He now knows it’s not We experience such emotionally determined em- required. The two doctors in Dresden, for example, the always easy to stay pathy primarily for those we find likeable. This was crew of Sea Watch, and the Babelsberg soccer players are compassionate in

Illustrations: Eva Vasari, C3 Visual Lab Vasari, Eva Illustrations: demonstrated by a Singer experiment in which one thankful for all the support they can get. the midst of chaos

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries Flight Paths

Every day, people all over the world are leaving their homelands in search of a better future. Many of them are risking their lives in the process

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 31 people and values photo gallery Photography: B. Bannon / laif Photography:

Shacks and tents stretch out toward the horizon in Dadaab in eastern Kenya, Africa’s strangest city. Thousands of Somali refugees have been driven here by the civil war in their country. In 2011 half a million people sought refuge here, creating the world’s biggest refugee camp. Since then, that number has been decreasing only very slowly. Most of the refugees want to return to their homes when the country is secure. Some of them have been waiting here for 20 years

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menschenpeople and und values werte photo gallery

The happy end of an odyssey: Off the island of Leros, a Syrian refugee on a swaying rubber raft hands his four- week-old baby to a member of the Greek Coast Guard. At the end of a similar perilous crossing, three-year-old Aylan Kurdi drowned just off the coast of Turkey. The photo of his lifeless body on the beach at Bodrum shocked the world and became a vivid symbol of the catastrophe

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries Photography: Yuri Kozyrev/NOOR Yuri Photography:

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menschenpeople and und values werte photo gallery

A green on one side, a fence on the other: While two golfers play a round in the Spanish exclave of Melil- la in North Africa, in the background migrants from Morocco try to cross the fence that marks the border. The golfers who are enjoying their hobby here don’t even have to be prosperous in order to post a contrast to the migrants. On the one hand is the pleas- ant green of Europe—on the other, a world in chaos. And the picture also shows an- other aspect: No matter how high the fences are, they will ultimately not be able to keep anyone out

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries Photography: Yuri Kozyrev / NOOR / laif Kozyrev Yuri Photography: 36

menschenpeople and und values werte photo gallery

A Danish policeman plays with a young refugee girl in the middle of the closed-off E45 highway. At times so many people were walking along this highway toward Sweden that the authorities had to halt the car traffic. This scene gives the often abstract numbers of the refugee crisis a human face. In the end, it’s always about people—and human cooperation. And that is always possible

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries Photography: Michael Drost-Hansen /ddp images Drost-Hansen Michael Photography:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries business and society Facts + Figures business Markus Kreßler has established a A Clear college for people who are on the move Message

Frank Appel, Deutsche Post: “Companies can use the potential of refu- gees with work permits“

Matthias Döpfner, Axel Springer: “Helping ref- ugees is the decent and UNIVERSITY TO humane thing to do” GO Many young ref- They’ve got the is done online. The here. Students don’t ugees say, “We will—and the brains. name of this Berlin even require an ID want to study.” But their documents initiative comes from to sign up, and they are somewhere in 3 the sage Chiron in have the following Ulrich Grillo, BDI: Kiron University steps for “Germany needs Aleppo, Kundus or refugees Greek mythology. two years to submit immigration so that its is ready for Basra, and without The project was -fi the necessary doc- economy can go on them to enroll the proper docu- to college study nanced by a crowd- uments. During this growing” ments they are not funding campaign. time, they initially allowed to study in 1 The instruction, all in pursue a general Online registration at Germany. “It takes Kiron University—no English, takes place course of study and at least 18 months to proof of asylum status, through MOOCs— then choose from get all the required German language Massive Open Online a selection of five paperwork together, certification, high Courses, using majors: engineering, school diploma, or any and that’s wasted other documents are international plat- computer science, time,” says 25-year- required forms such as edx, economics, archi- old Markus Kreßler. coursera, iversity, tecture, and inter- Rüdiger Grube, DB “Active integration is a He has therefore and openHPI. The cultural studies. At key to countering hate

launched a project 2 1,000 students who the end of two years, and xenophobia“ Basic course of study to enable refugees during the first two registered for the Kiron University to start studying years; during this time, university’s first se- students can transfer immediately: Kiron any missing documents mester, which began to one of the 15 University. from their home coun- in October, pay a “real” universities in tries can be submitted tuition fee of €400 Germany and abroad

Lecture halls and per semester, which that have agreed to classrooms are not 3 includes the rental of cooperate with the Transfer to a “real” Illustration: Lyndon Hayes/dutchuncle C3 Visual Lab Hayes/dutchuncle Lyndon Illustration: part of the infra- a laptop. initiative. By that | university in the third structure at Kiron time, all the nec- Dieter Zetsche, Daimler year “Those who focus on University; that’s Red tape has been essary documents the future won’t reject

because everything kept to a minimum should be there. (UK) these people” xxxxx Fotos:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries

EVMAG_0415_EN_3839_W+G_FACTS [e]-gelöst.indd 38 30.11.15 14:00 39 business and society Over half of the world’s refugees are minors Facts + Figures business Markus Kreßler has established a A Clear college for people who are on the move Message

percent of the USA’s biggest Heavy burdens on young 40companies were founded by shoulders: Children on the run immigrants or their descendants. Frank Appel, Deutsche Post: “Companies can According to the UN’s refugee agency, use the potential of refu- operation. This enabled 34,500 children gees with work permits“ some 60 million people are displaced at the to attend school again in 2014. Save the moment, more than at any time since World Children also helps refugee children in War II. Around half of all these refugees are Germany, which still has not established minors, and they are the ones who suffer minimal standards for the housing and care 3 questions for the most from war and persecution. They of refugee children. Jason Buzi are a traumatized generation, because they “The children first have to deal with the “A refugee nation spend their formative years without a safe horrible things they’ve experienced while home or access to medical care. on the run,” says Weneta Suckow, who would offer refu- Many refugee children have also lost the helps manage Save the Children programs gees much better Matthias Döpfner, Axel opportunity to attend school. For example, in Germany. “All of them want to go to conditions” Springer: “Helping ref- one fourth of the schools in Syria have been school again and feel safe.” ugees is the decent and UNIVERSITY TO humane thing to do” destroyed, damaged or turned into refugee Save the Children strives to make refugee You want to How can the shelters. children feel protected and cared for in 1 establish a 3 refugee nation Save the Children is one of the few aid shelters and helps to integrate them into “refugee nation.” Is create infrastruc- organizations that still operates in Syria. It German schools and daycare centers as fast that a realistic goal? ture from scratch? Illustration: C3 Visual Lab Illustration: GO | distributes needed supplies and provides as possible. It also works with Evonik on This suggestion is The construction of support for school reconstruction and several projects. more pragmatic than roads, houses, and most of the things public facilities would Many young ref- They’ve got the is done online. The here. Students don’t you hear about this create many jobs and ugees say, “We will—and the brains. name of this Berlin even require an ID issue. The situation in attract companies. But their documents initiative comes from to sign up, and they want to study.” what needs to happen countries where mi- But the important are somewhere in 3 the sage Chiron in have the following Ulrich Grillo, BDI: grants are forced to thing is that the steps for “Germany needs Kiron University Aleppo, Kundus or Greek mythology. two years to submit go on fleeing or else refugees would use refugees immigration so that its Rapid aid, not symbolic gestures is ready for Basra, and without The project was -fi the necessary doc- economy can go on languish in camps their diverse skills to is intolerable. And build their country them to enroll the proper docu- to college study nanced by a crowd- uments. During this growing” ments they are not funding campaign. time, they initially I don’t think these themselves and refugees will be able establish a democrat- allowed to study in 1 The instruction, all in pursue a general Online registration at to return to their ic political system. Germany. “It takes Kiron University—no English, takes place course of study and homelands in the I’m convinced that at least 18 months to proof of asylum status, through MOOCs— then choose from foreseeable future. a refugee nation get all the required German language Massive Open Online a selection of five would fundamentally paperwork together, certification, high Courses, using majors: engineering, Where should improve conditions and that’s wasted school diploma, or any international plat- computer science, 1. Resident status 2. Consular staff 3. “Education 4. Rural areas that 5. Flexible con- this refugee na- for refugees and gain other documents are should be granted must be increased counselors“ take in refugees cepts are needed, 2 time,” says 25-year- required forms such as edx, economics, archi- tion be established? them more respect. Rüdiger Grube, DB to refugees from at German consul- should find out should receive because the Many territories old Markus Kreßler. coursera, iversity, tecture, and inter- war zones imme- ates abroad. Many refugees’ wishes infrastructure number of asylum “Active integration is a around the globe He has therefore and openHPI. The cultural studies. At key to countering hate diately, without refugees could en- and potential, funding and other seekers will decline have enough space, launched a project 2 1,000 students who the end of two years, and xenophobia“ individual reviews. ter Germany with then send them types of finan- someday—and Basic course of study and many countries to enable refugees registered for the Kiron University This would offer a visa as skilled where they have cial assistance. then increase once during the first two them hope and professionals or as the best chance of This will help to again. Govern- would be happy to to start studying years; during this time, university’s first se- students can transfer ease the burden family members. integration. Those stimulate business ment agencies, donate uncultivated immediately: Kiron any missing documents mester, which began to one of the 15 on government At present, waiting wanting to study activity and revive educational land for such a proj- Jason Buzi University. from their home coun- in October, pay a “real” universities in agencies. Symbolic times are unbear- engineering, for stagnating rural institutions, and ect. We’re looking is a real estate broker tries can be submitted tuition fee of €400 Germany and abroad measures such as ably long, with the example, should communities. companies must into that now, and from Silicon Valley. His non-cash benefits result that many try go to a city with develop concepts we’re initially exam- parents fled from Iraq Lecture halls and per semester, which that have agreed to and “transit zones” to enter illegally. an appropriate for addressing such ining large islands to Israel, where Buzi, classrooms are not 3 includes the rental of cooperate with the accomplish little, This unnecessar- college. Coun- fluctuations. now 45, was born. Transfer to a “real” such as Dominica in Illustration: Lyndon Hayes/dutchuncle C3 Visual Lab Hayes/dutchuncle Lyndon Illustration: part of the infra- a laptop. initiative. By that | increase bureau- ily increases the selors should be He has launched the university in the third the Caribbean and structure at Kiron time, all the nec- Dieter Zetsche, Daimler cracy, and inhibit number of asylum appointed by the crowdfunding platform year “Those who focus on some islands in the University; that’s Red tape has been essary documents integration. applicants. government. refugeenation.org for the future won’t reject Philippines. his project because everything kept to a minimum should be there. (UK) these people” xxxxx Fotos: Photography: Kiron Open Higher Education, Deutsche Post, ASV, Christian Kruppa, DB AG, Daimler AG, Chloe White/Save the Children (3) (3) Children the Chloe White/Save AG, Daimler DB AG, Kruppa, Christian ASV, Post, Deutsche Education, Open Higher Kiron Photography: A catalogue of demands by Hannes Schammann, Professor of Migration Policy, University of Hildesheim

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EVMAG_0415_EN_3839_W+G_FACTS [e]-gelöst.indd 38 30.11.15 14:00 EVMAG_0415_EN_3839_W+G_FACTS [e]-gelöst.indd 39 30.11.15 14:00 research and technology Facts + Figures

3 questions for Chaos at the Berlin regis- tration center caused by David Jacob old software systems and “Work is an arbitrary allocation important part of successful integration”

Why have you 1 set up an online job exchange for refugees? Refugees want to service, including big work and feel like names such as T-Sys- recognized members tems, Deutsche Bahn, of society, instead of Arbeiterwohlfahrt, hanging around in and the media and their hostel, feeling software company allocation bored. It makes it Haufe Lexware. easier for them to The Random Factor learn German, to Why have you make social contacts, 3 put the job ex- and to stand on their change online? own two feet. All Lots of refugees have Press the Enter key and a random search relatives in Germany is allowed to move that is very important access to the Internet begins. “Eisenhüttenstadt,” says the com- in with them, though even cousins do for successful inte- via a smartphone or puter. Software called EASY decides where not qualify in this instance. Here too the gration. a tablet. It’s often the an Albanian family is to go. The acronym random generator is used. According to only way they have How do you stands for “Erstverteilung der Asylbe- Klaus Allert, President of the State Office of keeping in touch 2 put refugees with people back gehrenden (Initial Allocation of Asylum for Health and Social Affairs in Berlin, the in contact with Seekers). EASY processes the refugees’ IDs results often meet with little enthusiasm. home. That’s also employers? why Workeer is op- and then allocates them to the federal states After all, what’s a Syrian engineer to do in The main channel is timized for use with of Germany. Paragraph 45 of the Asylum a Franconian village? And why should an the media. There are mobile devices. Procedure Act decides how many refugees Afghan doctor go to the Rhön Mountains, lots of companies are allocated to each region of Germany on although he has relatives in Kiel? that are interested in the basis of the Königstein formula. This hiring refugees. Our is calculated annually. The greater the tax Experts like Allert say it would be better to online job exchange helps them get in David Jacob receipts and population of a federal state, house refugees in places where language contact with these studied communications the more refugees it must take. courses and jobs are on offer. But EASY design at Berlin Univer- people. Over 1,000 sity of Applied Sciences has no access to this kind of information. companies and Allocation and is the founder, along is not always due to pure chance. The system merely allocates on the basis of organizations from with Philipp Kühn, of Russians and Chechens, for example, are where there is still spare capacity, irrespec- various sectors have the online job exchange always kept apart. And anyone with close tive of the Königstein formula. (MP) registered for the Workeer.

in figures

Migrants with degrees who stay in Germany after 22,080 foreign doctors were working in Germany at their studies work primarily in the following areas: the end of 2014. Most came from these countries:

Source: Federal 17.5 % 55.7 Statistical Rumania percent of foreign stu- Office dents who completed a degree in Germany be- 9 % 5.4 % percent of company Russia tween 2001 and 2010 5.1 % 21 Scientists 4.8 % founders Engineers 4.6 % have left the country So ware in Germany are mi- developers Entre- since then preneurs 3.7 % grants—slightly higher 13.7 % University Greece teachers than for the whole etc. population (20.3%, 7.5 % Source: according to Destatis) Federal Source: 12.2 % Syria Statistical Source: Federal Statistical Office 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. KfW-Gründungsmonitor Austria Office

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 53 research and technology facts + figures

translation The App’s Calling

Travel Voice Translator With this app, you can select two languages, make a voice recording or enter text, and then listen to, or read, the resulting translation. Spoken translations are available in 36 languag- es, written ones in 64 languages. To use the system, you need a sta- ble Internet connection. Two nearby cellphones can communicate with each other via Blue- tooth. The app costs around €4.

With the variety of lifestyles, opinions, and cultures on the increase in our cities, it’s time for a new definition

DIVE R SIT Y, GREAT! iTranslate Voice This app is an inter- Multiculturalism: new concepts to the city” and into preter and a reference “Multicultural- work all in one. The app ism” has served For a long time, this describe that.” everyday life, says can translate into 42 concept shaped the Vertovec. As Direc- languages and send the us well, but way we described The social fabric is tor of the Max Planck 3 results by e-mail, text major cities our major cities. changing as a result Institute for the now it’s time on messaging, Twitter or for a new word People from around of this new diversity. Study of Religious Facebook. Frequently the word bring their This is particularly and Ethnic Diversity, used questions, sentenc- to describe cultures and customs evident in companies he investigates how the road to es, and phrases can be difference, with them. It is this that actively promote urban milieus around super-diversity stored in the Phrase- melting pot that cre- diversity within their the world are devel- book. The app costs just tolerance, and under €7. ates a vibrant habitat. organization. So in oping in response to 1 inclusion: “su- Now, however, we concrete terms, this the various groups NEW YORK means they aim to of immigrants (see 37 percent of in- per-diversity.” are seeing the rise of habitants were born What matters a new concept. build a workforce right-hand column). abroad and retain is not where with a wide spec- their cultural identi- “Super-diversity” trum of nationalities, Urban planners and ties while still seeing ESTACIÓN we come from. is the term used by skin colors, religious politicians must make themselves as New but rather what the Göttingen-based beliefs, and sexual “diverse forms of Yorkers—super-diver- we want to be social anthropologist orientations (and to living” possible, says sity in practice Steven Vertovec to increase the share Vertovec. “Natives Google Translate and how we This free app knows describe the mod- of women). Diver- and migrants should 2 want to live. ern city. “Today the sity begins when be able to meet more SINGAPORE 90 languages. Some of migrant community colleagues talk to easily and contrib- 40 percent of inhabi- them can be download- is made up of lots of one another on the ute their different tants are immigrants— ed as data packages so that they can also be small groups with basis of their own values or consumer primarily Chinese, Malays, and Indians used offline. Depend- vastly different inter- backgrounds so that behaviors.” Social ing on the language Illustration: C3 Visual Lab Illustration: | ests and rights. They they work together, centers and neigh- in question, users can arrive as refugees, instead of simply in borhood initiatives 3 either type, speak or with or without their parallel. promote this kind JOHANNESBURG photograph the texts families, some as of interaction, as do After the end of to be translated by the students, others with Plurality must youth centers that apartheid, millions of software. An interpreter a job contract,” says make its way from are self-governed in migrants came and are function is activated for changing South Africa some languages. Photography: Corbis (2) (2) Corbis Photography: Vertovec. “We need “the company to a variety of ways. (UK)

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 54 forschung und technologie reportage

Sheikh Abd al-Nasr knows the power of dialogue. One of his biggest concerns right now is to stop the trash pil- ing up on streets of Aleppo

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 55 research and technology report

War has all but destroyed the once flourishing Aleppo. Nevertheless, life has not vanished com- pletely from the city THOSE WHO STAYED Where many others pack up and leave, they roll up their sleeves. Where most others despair, they refuse to give up hope. We portray peacemakers on three continents.

Provocation, military strikes, invasion, terror— TV images of modern warcraft reach us every “We have day. Peacemaking, on the other hand, seems an to make infinitely more complex and arduous task, though not an impossible one. All it takes is people who refuse to be peace if daunted by the atrocities around them; people who try, we want to with patience and guile, to reconcile the enemy camps; save Syria” people from many walks of life: lawyers, nurses, busi- nesspeople, the clergy, artists, former combatants, and Sheikh Abd al-Nasr aid workers. What they all share is the impulse to stay is fighting to prevent his home city of and tackle the problems afflicting their country—to stay, Aleppo from sinking rather than flee. into chaos These people want to forge peace in a time of violence. Take Pakistan, for example, where Quadeem Mossarat advises mothers of radicalized teenagers how to keep their children away from terrorism. Or in Lebanon, where the former chief of the intelligence services, Asad Shaftari, tours schools to combat the idea that weap- ons are a way of solving conflicts. Or Rwanda, where

Photography: Carsten Stormer/Zeitenspiegel (2) Stormer/Zeitenspiegel Carsten Photography: Dieudonné Munyankiko is successfully bringing to-

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brothers have run off to join the rebels. Nevertheless, his belief in reconciliation remains firm. “If we want to save Syria, there’s no alternative,” he says. Why does he take on all this work? “Because I want others to do the same. That’s the only way we can survive as a society,” he says. People like Abd al-Nasr know there are no quick and easy solutions. This also applies to the neighbor- ing state of Israel, which has repeatedly found itself in armed conflict ever since it was founded. Here too there are people who firmly believe that Jews and Palestin- Talking, listening, ar- guing: Young Israelis ians are capable of respecting and treating each other in and Palestinians meet a peaceful manner. The room where this faith is put to face to face the test measures five by seven meters. A couple of doz- en chairs are arranged in a circle. Drapes in front of the small windows block out the blinding sunlight, so that young Palestinians and Jewish Israelis can take a fresh Moving to break the look at their situation and talk it over, bawl each other deadlock: Young out, or even just sit in silence. One wall of the room is a Palestinians at the glass panel, through which supervisors can observe any School for Peace shift in the relationship between the two camps. The School for Peace (SFP) in Neve Shalom, halfway between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, is recognized world- wide as a benchmark in conflict resolution. Hostile parties from Cyprus, Kosovo, and Northern Ireland have attended the School of Peace, as have groups from northern Italy, Sicily, Europe and the USA. A study by the Israel Institute of Applied Social Research con- cluded that the SFP provides the most effective forum for settling Jewish-Arab issues. To date, some 60,000 people have passed though the school; of those, 1,000 have trained to become “facilitators” and today work on peace projects both in Israel and abroad. The method runs counter to all experience, because it first focuses on conflict rather than reconciliation. “Our feelings tell us that people just need to get to know one another properly so as to get rid of hatred and preju- dice,” explains Nava Sonnenschein, founder of the SFP. “But understanding and empathy are not enough on their own to resolve a conflict between two groups.” The gether victims and perpetrators of the genocide. All soft-spoken educator served as a soldier during the Yom of these people have come to recognize that peace only Kippur War in 1973. Five years later, she set up the SFP, works when people see its benefits, when its results are because too many of her friends “had senselessly lost immediate and tangible; when these put food in peo- their lives.” ple’s bellies, help create jobs, and generate income; and The SFP expressly encourages hefty dispute over when everyone concerned can save face. In other words, painful topics, the idea being that participants should peacemaking turns out to be really rather mundane: a feel the explosive force of the conflict. At the end of pragmatic rather than a visionary project; less a grand the course, there’s no compulsion to find an adversary campaign than painstaking groundwork—and all in the “really nice.” Following a get-to-know session, there “Nobody service of the here and the now, so that we can then see is a no-holds-barred debate between young Jews and is merely a what the future holds. Palestinians. For the Palestinians, it is the loss of land, For nobody can be sure what tomorrow will bring. the abusive treatment they receive at checkpoints, and victim” Ever since war broke out in Aleppo more than three fatalities through missile strikes that are the root of all Nava Sonnenschein years ago, Sheikh Abd al-Nasr has been collecting mon- suffering; for the Jews, it is the suicide attacks by the founded the School for ey to buy food, drugs, and firewood for the poor and Palestinians. There is shouting, screaming, and even Peace in Israel in 1978 those who were bombed out of their homes. A powerful tears. In fact, by the end the gap between the two groups man with a graying beard, Abd al-Nasr ensures that the often seems wider. “But we still reach our goal,” Son- nameless dead receive burial and helps settle conflicts nenschein asserts, “because the participants become between neighbors. aware of their own role in the conflict. After that, they Before the situation in Aleppo descended into total no longer see themselves just as victims.” chaos, Abd al-Nasr, an electrical engineer by profession, reopened schools and courts to ensure at least a mini- Helping girls go to school mum application of justice. His family has been utterly Everyone is both victim and perpetrator, but everyone

traumatized by the constant shelling, and three of his can bring about change—even if this change seemingly Uli Reinhardt/Zeitenspiegel (3), Blickle/Zeitenspiegel Frider Photography:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 57 research and technology report

affects only details. Take Peter Schwittek. A mathema- know the mullah.” It might surprise European ears, “Pupils in tician and development aid worker, the 74-year-old has but Schwittek soon discovered that many mullahs wel- our class- made education his mission. Schwittek was already in comed his idea to teach in their mosques. es learn Kabul when the Taliban occupied the city in 1998, and he “Our pupils learn to read and write within a year, will remain there, even if they return. For half the year and also to understand the substance of what they’re to read he and his wife live in the Afghan capital; during the reading,” says Schwittek. At present, over 8,000 chil- and write other half they live in Germany, where they maintain dren attend his schools in mosques in and around Ka- contact to financial backers and gather energy for their bul; around half of these are girls. This is an attempt to within a return to Kabul. “Afghan society is deeply divided into free Afghanistan’s youth from the prison of illiteracy year” a modern, educated section and a backward, religious and the lack of opportunities this entails. The hope is one,” Schwittek says. that better prospects for this generation will make them Peter Schwittek works with local It is this divide that feeds the cycle of conflict and less susceptible to the idea of a so-called holy war. mullahs to provide violence. In a further split, women are excluded from teaching for Afghan public life, including education and work. This hinders Ex-militiamen who battle with words children in Kabul the country’s development. Mullah Sardar Moham- Often the most persuasive promoters of peace are the mad—beard down to his chest, skullcap, and hands like former perpetrators of violence. From personal experi- frying pans—is an ally of Schwittek’s. He says, “It’s only ence, they know only too well of the dangers of which by providing education to girls as well that we can cre- they warn. Two such champions of reconciliation are ate a secure Afghanistan.” Pastor James and Imam Ashafa from Nigeria. Together, So Schwittek thought, if conservative Afghans don’t they have founded the Interfaith Mediation Centre in want to send their children to a public school, then the Jos, capital of the state of Plateau. Nigeria’s south is dom- school must go to them. “Parents let their daughters go inated by Christian communities, the north by Muslim to the mosque, because it’s not far from home and they ones. In Plateau, these two religions collide, leading

Peter Schwittek also champions the right of girls to learn reading, writing, and arithmetic

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 58 research and technology report

Imam Ashafa (left) and Pastor James (center) want to promote peace be- tween the religions

to an explosive situation with continual outbreaks of extreme violence. As young men, James and Ashafa were the leaders of opposing militias. Ashafa saw himself as Summit Global Peacebuilders the sword of the Prophet, James as the avenging angel Berlin, September 2016: The first-ever gather- fighting in the name of Jesus. One day, James’ militia ing of peacemakers from around the globe captured a Sufi who was the spiritual teacher of Ashafa. They cast the old man into a well and buried him alive The “Peace Counts” proj- proven methods such as dia- under a layer of stones, thereby robbing Ashafa of his role ect—research for which logue between the warring model and mentor. James, too, experienced horrendous also led to the writing of this factions, youth work, and “We con- suffering, losing his hand to an attack with a machete. article—has been tracking early-warning systems can Today, they can talk about the feelings that drove quer our down peacemakers in crisis offer inspiration for other them into a vicious cycle of violence and revenge. For areas around the world for trouble spots. The Global enemies both, it was a sermon that led to a new dawn. “The imam over ten years now and Peacebuilder Summit is to was talking about how knowledge can heal ignorance by mak- documenting their work. be held every two years and forgiveness can cancel thoughts of revenge,” says This coming September, the and will create an endur- ing them Ashafa, “and about how you can conquer your enemy inaugural Global Peace- ing framework providing by making him into your friend.” After years of armed into our builder Summit in Berlin mutual support for the conflict, Ashafa and James at last agreed to a battle of friends” will bring together these peacemakers. words: The better argument would show who was more brave people to meet and Imam Ashafa powerful, Jesus or Mohammed. Slowly, the ice be- swap notes. Although each Further information is once led a Muslim gan to thaw. “I was touched that Christians like James regional conflict has its own available at www.glob- militia; today, he could understand and share our grief over our dead and preaches forgiveness unique historical causes, al-peacebuilders.org between Muslims and wounded,” Ashafa explains. By their second meeting, Christians they were already talking about how they might work

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 59

together to bring about peace. At their Interfaith Medi- ation Centre, James and Ashafa set up ten teams with a pastor and an imam, some of whom were likewise former militia members. Whenever there is tension be- tween Christian and Muslim communities, the teams set up a meeting between the two sides. Today, James Rapping against and Ashafa fight exclusively in the service of peace. And violence: Jeiccho in a country where people still listen to sermons, their Hernandez at the message from the pulpit is that peaceful coexistence is Casa Colacho arts nothing less than the worship of God. This way, they center transform religious fervor into a commitment to har- mony. A city rids itself of drugs In Colombia, it is social injustice rather than religion that has split society. Armed conflict involving government forces, paramilitary groups, and the guerrilla organiza- tion FARC has left the country picking up the pieces after a decade of civil war. A major breakthrough was achieved on Flower power, September 25, 2015: The once sworn enemies Juan Manuel Colombian-style: Symbols of peace Santos, President of Colombia, and Rodrigo Londoño Ech- in a city torn by everri, Commandant of FARC, now shook hands, thereby violence paving the way for a peaceful settlement of a bloody civil war that had left 220,000 dead and almost six million in- ternally displaced persons. The latter are mainly peasants who have fled the fighting in rural areas and now dwell in shanty towns on city outskirts. The state has largely with- drawn from these neighborhoods, leaving drug gangs to assume control. Conflict researchers speak of an “econ- omy of violence” when years of conflict have given rise to hard commercial interests that desire to continue profiting from the climate of violence. Jeiccho Hernandez, 27, has been familiar with the death squads of the drug cartels since a young age. He has come up with his own strategy to steer young peo- ple in Medellin’s Comuna 13 district away from the vio- lence. Together with a group of hip-hoppers, he shows them how to rap and breakdance and lets them spray graffiti. The arts center founded by Hernandez is known as the Casa Colacho, named after the murdered leader of his rap group. His protégés hunt in schools for new recruits. Whoever comes to the Casa Colacho needs nei- ther weapons nor drugs to be respected. Much more im- portant are creative ideas and cool moves. The Medellin city authorities support the youth project, the plan being to promote tourism—which horror stories from the slums can only harm. In other words, their aims coincide largely with Hernandez’ vision, which contains everything that distinguishes peacemakers worldwide: patience, a willingness to work on oneself, and the search for the deeper causes of violence. “I’d like to think that in 20 years from now, people from other parts of Medellin would like to move into my neighborhood,” he says, “and not the other way round.”

Tilman Wörtz has been involved in the Medellin, Colom- Peace Counts project from the word go. He bia’s second-largest has met peacemakers in many crisis areas, city, was for many including the Ivory Coast, and has helped years the “cocaine train journalists there. The commitment and capital” determination shown by peacemakers have

Photography: Uli Reinhardt/Zeitenspiegel, Antonia Zennaro (3) Illustration: C3 Visual Lab Illustration: (3) Zennaro Antonia Uli Reinhardt/Zeitenspiegel, Photography: been a continual source of inspiration.

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 60 research and technology yearbook

CLASS OF 2016 A TOP-NOTCH YEAR!

In the advanced math course for seniors at a college preparatory school in the north of Essen, two thirds of the students come from immigrant families. Hope, pride, talent, and a zest for life? They’ve got plenty. A look at their yearbook is enough to show that Germany has a rosy future—because these young faces are so colorful.

Even the locals consider the north of Essen a problem area that has been left behind by structural change. The rate of unem- ployment is close to 16 percent and there’s a high proportion of non-Ger- mans. It seems appropriate that the main complex of the Essen Northeast Samir “Sammy“ El Makhfi (17) college preparatory school—GENO for was born in Essen in 1998. His grandfather came from Morocco in short—is covered with black panels. 1978 to work in a mine and brought Elisavet Pouptsi (19) was born Samir’s father, then a teenager, But there’s not a trace of sadness here. in Essen in 1996, but she is still a with him. Samir’s mother, the On the contrary, GENO is a hopeful and proud Greek. Ever since she was daughter of Moroccan immigrants, little, she has also attended a Greek was born in Belgium. hospitable place. One of the reasons for school in the afternoons. Favorite subjects: Math, English that is certainly the school’s dedicated Favorite subjects: Sport, math Career wish: Civil engineer Career wish: Industrial manager Motto: Never put off till tomorrow staff of some 80 teachers. Motto: Don’t worry about things what you can do the day after Another one is definitely the ap- you can’t change. tomorrow just as well. proximately 850 students, who are taking advantage of their educational opportunities to make their parents’ dream come true. This too is an aspect “Monday of the neighborhood’s high proportion of non-Germans. Many parents came through Friday here primarily to enable their children I’m German, to have a better future. One place where this future can be but on the seen is the Advanced Math 2 course of weekend I’m the graduating class of 2016. Migration and integration are so much part of the Tamil” Anandasayani Thambirajah also - Deniz Baris Gölgelioglu (17) was students’ daily lives that they are hard born in Turkey in 1997 and lived goes to a Tamil school, where ly noticed. Their friends have come here there until he was six, then spent she learns about the Tamil three years in California. Since language, culture, and religion. from all over the world. Hindu or Mus- 2008 he has lived with his mother lim? Tamil or Vietnamese? Those are in Essen. But she says her homeland is Favorite subjects: English, Russian Germany. not the vital questions. Instead, they’re Career wish: Pilot asking, “Mechanical engineering or Motto: If you give 100 percent, you can achieve anything. teacher training?” (TR)

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 61 research and technology yearbook

Anandasayani “Anan” Thambi- rajah (17) was born in Dernbach Tahar Lali (19) was born in Essen near Koblenz in 1998. Her parents in 1996. Both his parents came to are Tamils who fled from the civil Adrian Grothe (17) was born in Germany from Morocco when they war in Sri Lanka separately almost Nam Tran (18) was born in Essen Essen in 1998. His mother is from were children and grew up here. 30 years ago and met each other in in 1997. His parents fled from Dortmund, and his father is from He speaks Berber, but not Arabic. Germany. persecution in Vietnam in the early Germany’s Sauerland region. Favorite subjects: Math and phys- Favorite subjects: Languag- 1990s. Favorite subjects: Math and ics, because both of them explain es—German, English, French, and Favorite subjects: Spanish, English physics—the only classes during how the world functions Russian Career wish: Undecided as yet. which he can sit still Career wish: To study physics or Career wish: Event or tourism After graduating he wants to travel Career wish: First a voluntary math at TU Dortmund University, management and visit his relatives in Australia, ecological year, then energy then do research or teaching Motto: I have two lives: During Canada, and the USA technology engineering Motto: Do something with the week I’m German, but on the Motto: Live without doing harm Motto: Falling is living. your life. weekend I’m a Tamil. to anyone.

»Son, do some- thing with your life! Just don’t become a florist!« Tahar Lali’s father came from Morocco as a child when his Cezary “Czarek“ Duda (17) was Jennifer Tomme (17) was born in born in the easternmost part of Essen in 1998. Her parents come father found work in a mine. Poland in 1998. He came to Ger- from Kazakhstan, and some of her Today he owns a flower shop Merle Marie Schmidt (17) was many with his parents when he was other relatives come from Belarus. and encourages Tahar to get a born in Essen in 1998 and lives three years old. He no longer likes Favorite subjects: Math, educa- there with her mother, to visit the village where all of his tion, German university education. Favorite subjects: Art, math, other relatives still live, because it Career wish: She used to want English—everything, actually doesn’t have TV or Internet access. to study law or medicine, but now Career wish: Merle would like to Favorite subjects: Sport, history she’d like to be a manager in an study fashion design, preferably in Career wish: Something socially international company New York or London. Some of her productive, maybe teaching Motto: I used to study to please initial designs have already won Motto: I don’t want to live for my mother, but now I study for my awards money. own sake. Motto: Life is good.

Eren Ekiz (17) was born in Gelsenkirchen in 1998, just like his parents. His grandparents came Lisa Barnowski (18) was born in here from Turkey in the 1970s to Essen in 1997. Her parents were Tobias Mahr (17) was born in work in the mining industry. born in this region. Thi Nha Quyen Truong (17) was Essen in 1998. His whole family Favorite subjects: Math, physics Favorite subjects: Education, born in Berlin in 1998. Her parents comes from this region. Career wish: Definitely a universi- computer science were Vietnamese refugees who Favorite subjects: Computer ty education, either civil engineer- Career wish: Teaching education came to Germany in 1990. science ing or mechanical engineering and computer science at her pres- Favorite subjects: Computer Career wish: IT system elec- Motto: You can learn something ent high school, GENO science, math, and English tronics or IT specialist for system from every experience, especially Motto: I’m not a bookworm, I’m Career wish: Game designer integration from a bad one. a gamer! Motto: Life is a game. Motto: I don’t have one. Photography: iStock, Tillman Franzen (14) Tillman Franzen iStock, Photography:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 62 point of contact “It’s a matter of survival” Valentina Piccini and Jean-Marc Caimi are photojournalists who profile people at the fringes of society. In the “Let Me In” project, they photographed refugees and had them answer two questions: Where are you from? What would you like to say to the people of Europe?

Expressive: The photographers Valentina Piccini and Jean-Marc Caimi

The refugees in your photo project “Let refugees’ transport to Greece, to the crim- How important are the refugees’ home Me In” tell stories of danger and death. inals who smuggle them across various countries for them? What do they dream of? borders. All of the refugees love their countries Without powerful motivation—without a and try to remember them positively, dream—people wouldn’t be able to sum- “We risk our lives to come to Europe,” and without war, corruption or extrem- mon the tremendous strength they need to wrote one of the refugees. Do people in ism—like a Garden of Eden. This process leave their homes and embark on a life- Europe understand that? of idealization is obviously a psycholog- and-death journey. Some refugees dream Individual fates are submerged in the ical survival tool. Of course most of the of a better future, but most of them have crowd, and even the most shocking stories refugees we spoke to would like to go back a very simple dream: They just want to get lost in the statistics. That’s why our home. Who knows whether or not they’ll survive. project seeks to give individuals a voice—in be able to do that! the hope that these voices will be heard. What was your most surprising experience Thus we are giving back to the refugees the If they don’t go back, can they be integrat- when you met and photographed refugees respect they deserve. ed into European societies? traveling through Europe? Yes, most of them at least. Many have We got very close to people—the project Some refugees have been on the move for brought their families with them, and that wouldn’t have been possible were that not years. Can they establish roots in a new helps. Others have left families behind the case. Our project involves a combi- country? whom they want to support, and if they nation of portraits of the refugees with Refugees come from countries that have can find work, that will help with their the messages they sent to us. This meant been torn apart, where conditions are hor- integration. The will is there, in any case. spending a lot of time talking to dozens of rible. They’ve experienced terrible things. Anyone who has gotten this far and sur- migrants. Many of their stories were very Still, they cling to their traditions, simply vived is not going to give up now. difficult to listen to; pain and grief were because they don’t want to feel as foreign Interview: Michael Prellberg often the dominant emotions. It was hard as they actually are. That’s the only way of for us to deal with that. But what shocked dealing with the hardships of their jour- us most of all was the way some people ney. Their traditions also help them cope viewed the refugees’ tragedy as just a when they arrive here—in line with the The impressive portraits and messages normal business opportunity. This ranged idea “If you don’t know who you are, you’ll (translated into English) can be viewed at www.caimipiccinni.com/let_me_in.html from the Mafia types who “organize” the never find out who you want to become.” Focus / Agentur S. Mccurry Photos / Magnum Photography:

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries 63 evonik Edition Knowledge №6 People on the move carry baggage that’s very light yet extremely important: knowledge, values, songs, memo- ries, and stories—and they are all contained in language. The richness of the world’s languages reflects the wealth of human diversity. Dialects and the roots of words reveal places, migration paths, and relationships. The poster in this Evonik Edition Knowledge shows the diversity and migration of languages.

WILLKOMMEN, BIENVENUE, WELCOME!

4 ⁄ 2015 the magazine from evonik industries A Long Walk This photo series is the work of the American photographer Shannon Jensen. She took pictures of the shoes worn by refugees who fled to South Sudan in May and June 2012 to escape the battles raging in Sudan. Jensen noted the name and age of the owner of each pair of shoes—and how long he or she was on the run.

The shoes pictured above belonged to six-year-old Mussah Abdullai, who wore them on a 30-day trek from his village, Igor, to the South Sudan border.

Shannon Jenson lives in London and works for publications including the New York Times, Stern, Newsweek, and Geo.