DOCSLIB.ORG

The World's Great Events (1901) Volume 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The World's Great Events (1901) Volume 3 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES C/1 o u O o Q < U THE WORLD'S GREAT EVENTS IN FIVE VOLUMES A HISTORY OF THE WORLD FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN TIMES B.C. 4004 TO A.D. 19C3 By ESTHER SINGLETON ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS FULL-PAGE DRAWINGS EXECUTED IN DUOGRAPH VOLUME THREE —RENAISSANCE A.D. 1485 TO A.D. 1692 NEW YORK P. F. COLLIER & SON MC M I V Copyright 1903 By p. F. collier & SON v:3 CONTENTS VOLUME TH REE A.D. 1485—1692 End of Wars of the Roses (a.d. 1485). David Hume . 995 The Conquest of Granada (a.d. 1491). William H. Prescott . looi The Jews Expelled from Spain (a.d. 1492). Henry Hart Milman 1012 The Discovery of America (a.d. 1492). Washington Irving . 1020 Charles VHI. Invades Italy (a.d. 1494). J. C. L. de Sismondi . 1031 Voyages of Vasco da Gama (a.d. 1497-1499). Richard Henry Major 1043 The Execution of Savonarola (a.d. 1498). John Addington Sy- monds 1054 The Moriscos (a.d. 1499-1502). U. R. Burke 1065 League of Cambray (a.d. 1508). J. C. L. de Sismondi .... 1077 Conquests of Mexico and Peru (a.d. 1510-1535). Charlotte M. Yonge 1090 Battle of Flodden Field (a.d. 1513). Andrew Lang .... 1096 The Reformation (a.d. 1517-1540). William Francis Collier . 1105 First Voyage Around the World (a.d. 1519-1522). Richard Henry Major 11 18 Field of the Cloth of Gold (a.d. 1520). Charles Knight . 1128 Charles V. Conquers Italy (a.d. 1521-1529). J. C. L. de Sis- mondi 113s Liberation of Genoa: Andrea Doria (a.d. 1528). G. B. Malleson 1159 Suppression of the Greater Mon.-vsteries (a.d. 1534). David Hume 1169 The Counter-Reformation (a.d. 1540). Richard Lodge . 1179 The Reign of Akbar (a.d. 1556-1605). Edward Augustus Free- man 1 191 Battle of St. Quentin and the Loss of Calais (a.d. 1558). Charles Knight I19 4 CONTENTS The Reformation in Scotland (a.d. 1560-1590). James Anthony Froude 1204 Malta and Lepanto (a.d. 1565-1573). Charlotte M. Yonge . 1220 Rise of the Dutch Republic (a.d. 1568-1648). Richard Lodge 1236 Defeat of the Spanish Armada (a.d. 1572-1588). John Richard Green 1246 The Massacre of St. Bartholomew (a.d. 1572). Richard Lodge 1262 The League (a.d. 1576-1598). W. C. Taylor 1267 The Conquest of Ireland and Colonization of Ulster (a.d. 1588-1610). John Richard Green 1283 The Colonization of Virginia (a.d. 1602-1611). Samuel Rawson Gardiner 1292 The Gunpowder Plot (a.d. 1605). Charles Knight 1306 The Discovery and Settlement of IManhattan Island (a.d. 1609-1628). David T. Valentine 1325 Hudson's Last Voyage (a.d. 1610). Hessel Gerritz .... 1336 Sir Walter Raleigh's Expedition (a.d. 1618). David Hume . 1341 The Thirty Years' War (a.d. 1618-1648). William Francis Col- lier 1349 The Voyage of the "Mayflower" (a.d. 1620). William Bradford 1363 The War between Charles I. and the Parliament (a.d. 1642- 1646). Thomas Babington ]Macaulay 1375 La Fronde (a.d. 1648-1653). Charlotte M. Yonge 1386 The Exclusion Bill and Habeas Corpus Act (a.d. 1679). David Hume 1399 The Siege OF Vienna (a.d. 1683). Charlotte M. Yonge . 1404 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (a.d. 1685). Frangois Marie Arouet de Voltaire 1413 The Trial of the Seven Bishops (a.d. 1688). Thomas Babing- ton Macaulay 1421 The Glorious Revolution (a.d. 1688). John Richard Green . 1439 Battle of the Boyne (a.d. 1690). Thomas Babington Macaulay 1450 The Massacre of Glencoe (a.d. 1692). Thomas Babington Macaulay 1464 The Battle of La Hogue (a.d. 1692). Thomas Babington Macaulay I477 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUAE THREE BoABDiL Surrendering the Keys of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella (The Conquest of Granada—a. a 1491). From Painting by Pradilla. The Landing of Columbus (a.d. 1492). From Painting by Van- derlyn. The Agb of Reformation (a.d. 1517-1540). From Painting by Kaulbach. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew (a.d. 1572). After Painting by Debat-Ponsan. Scene at Prague during Thirty Years' War (a.d. i6t8). From Painting by Brozik. Signing of the Compact in the Cabin of the "Mayflower" (a.d. 1620). From Paintint^ by White. Cardinal Richelieu Conducting Cinq-Mars and De Thoi" to Lyons to be Beheaded (a.d. 1642). Battle of the Boyne (a.d. 1690). From Painting by West. END OF WARS OF THE ROSES (A.D. 1485) DAVID HUME THE crimes of Richard were so horrid and so shocking to humanity that the natural sentiments of men, without any political or public views, were sufficient to render his government unstable; and every person of probity and honor was earnest to prevent the sceptre from being any longer pol- luted by that bloody and faithless hand which held it. All the exiles flocked to the Earl of Richmond in Brittany, and exhorted him to hasten his attempt for a new invasion, and to prevent the marriage of the Princess Eliza- beth, which must prove fatal to all his hopes. The Earl, sensible of the urgent necessity, but dreading the treachery of Peter Landais, who had entered into a negotiation with Richard for betraying him, was obliged to attend only to his present safety; and he made his escape to the Court of France. The ministers of Charles VIII., who had now succeeded to thej'ecd^r'' throne after the death of his father Louis, encourage- ' ment. gave him countenance and protection; and Vol. a (995) 1 996 THE WORLD'S GREAT EVENTS a.d. 1485 being desirous of raising disturbances to Rich- Richard° ard, they secretly encouraged the Earl in the levies which he made for the support of his enterprise upon England. The Earl of Ox- ford, whom Richard's suspicions had thrown into confinement, having made his escape, here joined Henry; and inflamed his ardor for the attempt, by the favorable accounts which he brought of the dispositions of the English na- tion, and their universal hatred of Richard's crimes and usurpation. The Earl of Richmond set sail from Har- invasion*! ^flcur in Normandy with a small army of about 2,000 men; and after a navigation of six days, he arrived at Milford-Haven in Wales, where he landed without opposition. He directed his course to that part of the kingdom, in hopes that the Welsh, who regarded him as their countryman, and who had been already pre- possessed in favor of his cause by means of the Duke of Buckingham, would join his standard, and enable him to make head against the established government. Richard, who knew not in what quarter he might ex- pect the invader, had taken post at Notting- ham, in the centre of the kingdom; and hav- ing 'given commissions to different persons in the several counties, whom he empowered to oppose his enemy, he purposed in person 'to fly on the first alarm to the place exposed to danger. Sir Rice ap-Thomas and Sir Walter Herbert were intrusted with his authority in A.D. 148s END OF WARS OF THE ROSES 997 Wales; but the former immediately deserted to Henry; the second made but feeble opposi-ia^kyo" ' ' ^ '^ Richard. ^ tion to him: and the Earl, advancing toward Shrewsbury, received every day some rein- forcement from his partisans. Sir Gilbert Talbot joined him, with all the vassals and retainers of the family of Shrewsbury: Sir Thomas Bourchier and Sir Walter Hunger- ford brought their friends to share his for- tunes; and the appearance of men of distinc- tion in his camp made already his cause wear a favorable aspect. But the danger to which Richard was chiefly exposed proceeded not so much from the zeal Ip^^^^:^. p°""^' of his open enemies, as from the infidelity of his pretended friends. Scarce any nobleman of distinction was sincerely attached to his cause, except the Duke of Norfolk; and all those who feigned the most loyalty were only watching for an opportunity to betray and desert him. But the persons of whom he en- tertained the greatest suspicion were Lord Stanley and his brother Sir William; whose connections with the family of Richmond, not- withstanding their professions of attachment to his person, were never entirely forgotten or overlooked by him. When he empowered Lord Stanley to levy forces, he still retained his eldest son Lord Strange as a pledge for his fidelity; and that nobleman was, on this account, obliged to employ great caution and reserve in his proceedings. He raised a 998 THE WORLD'S GREAT EVENTS a.d. 1485 powerful body of his friends and retainers in Cheshire and Lancashire, but without openly declaring himself: and though Henry had re- ceived secret assurances of his friendly inten- tions, the armies on both sides knew not what to infer from his equivocal behavior. The two rivals at last approached each other at Bosworth near Leicester; Henry, at „ , , Battle of ? J > Au^^st^^rthe head of six thousand men, Richard with an army of above double the number; and a decisive action was every hour expected be- tween them. Stanley, who commanded above seven thousand men, took care to post himself at Atherstone, not far from the hostile camps; and he made such a disposition as enabled him on occasion to join either party. Richard had too much sagacity not to discover his inten- tions from those movements; but he kept the secret from his own men, for fear of discour- aging them: he took not immediate revenge on Stanley's son, as some of his courtiers ad- vised him; because he hoped that so valuable a pledge would induce the father to prolong still further his ambiguous conduct: and he hastened to decide by arms the quarrel with his competitor; being certain that a victory over the Earl of Richmond would enable him to take ample revenge on all his enemies, open and concealed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Spatial Dependence for Large-Scale Flood Risk Estimation
    https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-393 Preprint. Discussion started: 5 December 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. The role of spatial dependence for large-scale flood risk estimation Ayse Duha Metin1,2, Nguyen Viet Dung1, Kai Schröter1, Sergiy Vorogushyn1, Björn Guse1, Heidi Kreibich1, Bruno Merz1,2 5 1GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Correspondence to: Ayse Duha Metin ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. Flood risk assessments are typically based on scenarios which assume homogeneous return periods of flood peaks throughout the catchment. This assumption is unrealistic for real flood events and may bias risk estimates for specific return periods. We investigate how three assumptions about the spatial dependence affect risk estimates: (i) spatially homogeneous scenarios (complete dependence), (ii) spatially heterogeneous scenarios 15 (modelled dependence), and (iii) spatially heterogeneous, but uncorrelated scenarios (complete independence). To this end, the model chain RFM (Regional Flood Model) is applied to the Elbe catchment in Germany, accounting for the space-time dynamics of all flood generation processes, from the rainfall through catchment and river system processes to damage mechanisms. Different assumptions about the spatial dependence do not influence the expected annual damage (EAD), however, they bias the risk curve, i.e. the cumulative distribution function of 20 damage. The widespread assumption of complete dependence strongly overestimates flood damage in the order of 100% for return periods larger than approximately 200 years. On the other hand, for small and medium floods with return periods smaller than approximately 50 years, damage is underestimated.
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Mermaids
    _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses Dark Mermaids. Lauppe-Dunbar, Anne How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Lauppe-Dunbar, Anne (2012) Dark Mermaids.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42723 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ DARK MERMAIDS Anne Lauppe-Dunbar Submitted to Swansea University in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swansea University 2012 ProQuest Number: 10807492 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10807492 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Protection in the Elbe River Basin, Point of View of Saxony-Anhalt
    Flood Protection in the Elbe River Basin, Point of view of Saxony-Anhalt Gábor Spuller LL. D. Vertretung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt bei der Europäischen Union Boulevard Saint Michel 80 B-1040 Brüssel Tel.: 00.32.2.741 09 31 Fax: 00.32.2.741 09 39 Email: [email protected] Elbe River basin . The Elbe River, with its length of 1 094 km from the springs in the Krkonose Mountains to the North Sea mouth at Cuxhaven and with its catchment area of 148 268 km2, is the fourth biggest river in Europe; . The Elbe River basin spans four countries: its largest parts lie in Germany (65.5 %) and in the Czech Republic (33.7 %), tiny parts lie in Austria (0.6 %) and in Poland (0.2 %). The Elbe River basin is inhabited by 24.5 million people . The Elbe‟s major tributaries include the Vltava, the Saale, the Havel, the Mulde, the Black Elster, and the Ohre rivers 2 3 Management . The Management of the Elbe River is because of the involvement of several parties very complex . Different players: . International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River ICPER . Member States . Interregional associations: Elbe River Commission . Federal States/Regions . Public companies . Public Agencies . Self-governmental units (municipalities, counties) 4 Role of Saxony-Anhalt . Several steps to break down to the level of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt . But Saxony-Anhalt is one of the main actors: . It is at the heart of the river basin . Almost the whole surface of Saxony-Anhalt is attached by the Elbe river basin .
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to the Elbe Cycle Route
    1,300 kilometres Explanatory supplement to the offi cial Elbe Cycle Route Handbook published in German Welcome to the ELBERADWEG www.elbe-cycle-route.com Elbe Cycle Route 2 The Elbe Cycle Route – an overview Our contact details: The German CYCLE NETWORK DEN- Koordinierungsstelle Elberadweg Nord (D-routes) MARK c /o Herzogtum Lauenburg EuroVelo network Marketing und Service GmbH (EuroVelo routes) D 7 D 2 Elbstraße 59 | 21481 Lauenburg / Elbe Tel. +49 4542 856862 | Fax +49 4542 856865 Rostock [email protected] D 1 Hamburg D 11 Koordinierungsstelle Elberadweg Mitte D 10 GERMANY c /o Magdeburger Tourismusverband NETHERLANDS D 7 Elbe-Börde-Heide e. V. ELBERADWEG Berlin Hannover Amsterdam Domplatz 1 b | 39104 Magdeburg Magdeburg D 12 POLAND Tel. +49 391 738790 | Fax +49 391 738799 D 3 [email protected] D 10 D 7 Antwerp Leipzig Dresden Koordinierungsstelle Elberadweg Süd BELGIUM Cologne D 4 D 4 c /o Tourismusverband Sächsische Schweiz e. V. Prague Frankfurt a. M. D 5 Bahnhofstraße 21 | 01796 Pirna D 5 LUXEM- Tel. +49 3501 470147 | Fax +49 3501 470111 BURG CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected] D 8 D 11 Koordinierungsstelle Stuttgart FRANCE Vienna Elberadweg Tschechien D 6 Nadace Partnerství Munich AUSTRIA Na Václavce 135/9 150 00 Prag 5 | Tschechien Zurich Tel. | Fax +420 274 816 727 SWITZERLAND [email protected] www.elbe-cycle-route.com Dear Cyclists, 1,300 kilometres full of surprises of the Vltava river. Gentle slopes make for a relaxed cycling trip. In addition to the route, We are very happy that you are interested Immerse yourself in a special experience – our brochure also contains information in the Elbe Cycle Route.
    [Show full text]
  • (ICPER) Action Plan for the Flood Protection in the Elbe River
    ICPER Information Sheet – August 2009: Action Plan for the Flood Protection in the Elbe River Basin – The implementation results in the years 2006 – 2008 ICPER Information Sheet – August 2009: Action Plan for the Flood Protection in the Elbe River Basin – The implementation results in the years 2006 – 2008 Informing the public and the flood risk sensitization Conclusion Action Plan for the Flood Protection in the Elbe River Basin – The implementation results in the years 2006 – 2008 ► The Internet’s role in During the 2006 – 2008 period, the effort was aimed at the implementa tion Since 2003, the Action Plan for the of the hydrological cycle, one of the most changeable thus least predic- informing the flood autho- of the flood protection strategies in the Elbe basin which had been pre­ Flood Protection by the International table natural processes. Therefore, the proposed measures include the rities and the public was pared in the first evaluated period of the 2003 – 2005 Action Plan. Commission for the Protection of the following important components emphasized. River Boards, Elbe River (ICPER) has been the ■ decreasing the potential of damage in areas at risk, namely by map- state enterprises and the The progress that was achieved during this period can be characterized in cornerstone for the Czech­German ping the flood risks, Czech Hydrometeorologi­ these three important points: cooperation during the implementa- ■ enhancing the flood forecasting and warning systems, cal Institute (CHMI) use ■ transition from the analysis and preparation of the strategies to the tion of the flood protection and the ■ informing the public and the flood risk sensitization.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps -- by Region Or Country -- Eastern Hemisphere -- Europe
    G5702 EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5702 Alps see G6035+ .B3 Baltic Sea .B4 Baltic Shield .C3 Carpathian Mountains .C6 Coasts/Continental shelf .G4 Genoa, Gulf of .G7 Great Alföld .P9 Pyrenees .R5 Rhine River .S3 Scheldt River .T5 Tisza River 1971 G5722 WESTERN EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL G5722 FEATURES, ETC. .A7 Ardennes .A9 Autoroute E10 .F5 Flanders .G3 Gaul .M3 Meuse River 1972 G5741.S BRITISH ISLES. HISTORY G5741.S .S1 General .S2 To 1066 .S3 Medieval period, 1066-1485 .S33 Norman period, 1066-1154 .S35 Plantagenets, 1154-1399 .S37 15th century .S4 Modern period, 1485- .S45 16th century: Tudors, 1485-1603 .S5 17th century: Stuarts, 1603-1714 .S53 Commonwealth and protectorate, 1660-1688 .S54 18th century .S55 19th century .S6 20th century .S65 World War I .S7 World War II 1973 G5742 BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN. REGIONS, G5742 NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. .C6 Continental shelf .I6 Irish Sea .N3 National Cycle Network 1974 G5752 ENGLAND. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5752 .A3 Aire River .A42 Akeman Street .A43 Alde River .A7 Arun River .A75 Ashby Canal .A77 Ashdown Forest .A83 Avon, River [Gloucestershire-Avon] .A85 Avon, River [Leicestershire-Gloucestershire] .A87 Axholme, Isle of .A9 Aylesbury, Vale of .B3 Barnstaple Bay .B35 Basingstoke Canal .B36 Bassenthwaite Lake .B38 Baugh Fell .B385 Beachy Head .B386 Belvoir, Vale of .B387 Bere, Forest of .B39 Berkeley, Vale of .B4 Berkshire Downs .B42 Beult, River .B43 Bignor Hill .B44 Birmingham and Fazeley Canal .B45 Black Country .B48 Black Hill .B49 Blackdown Hills .B493 Blackmoor [Moor] .B495 Blackmoor Vale .B5 Bleaklow Hill .B54 Blenheim Park .B6 Bodmin Moor .B64 Border Forest Park .B66 Bourne Valley .B68 Bowland, Forest of .B7 Breckland .B715 Bredon Hill .B717 Brendon Hills .B72 Bridgewater Canal .B723 Bridgwater Bay .B724 Bridlington Bay .B725 Bristol Channel .B73 Broads, The .B76 Brown Clee Hill .B8 Burnham Beeches .B84 Burntwick Island .C34 Cam, River .C37 Cannock Chase .C38 Canvey Island [Island] 1975 G5752 ENGLAND.
    [Show full text]
  • DEM TOR ZUR OBERLAUSITZ Grußwort
    Herzlich willkommen in Bischofswerda, DEM TOR ZUR OBERLAUSITZ Grußwort Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, Impressum wir sagen: Herzlich willkommen in Bischofswerda! Wir, das sind die Herausgeber: Stadt Bischofswerda, vertreten Stadtführer, die aus Liebe zu ihrer Stadt zu Verführern werden, und mei- durch Oberbürgermeister ne Person, Oberbürgermeister Holm Große. Gemeinsam entführen wir Prof. Dr. Holm Große Altmarkt 1 • 01877 Bischofswerda Sie in eine wunderschöne, im klassizistischen Stil geprägte Kleinstadt, Layout & Grafik: Sven Pluhár • www.pluvision.de die darauf wartet, von Ihnen entdeckt zu werden. In Bischofswerda kön- Alin Poetzsch nen Sie beispielsweise durch die vielen Parks der Stadt schlendern oder Bildnachweise: Janine Werab - www.fotogen-dresden.de auf den Butterberg – als Hausberg der Stadt – wandern. Ganz in Familie Martin Voigt - www.martin.weickersdorf.de erwarten Sie der naturnahe und besucherfreundliche Tier- und Kultur- Rocci Klein - www.roccipix.de IG Panorama Bischofswerda - www.igpanorama.de park oder das idyllisch gelegene Freibad, die Carl-Lohse-Galerie mit Wer- Westlausitz e.V. ken von einem der größten deutschen Expressionisten oder die Biblio- Peter Stürzner thek mit Lesestoff sowie digitalen Medien für Jung und Alt. Berg-Gasthof Butterberg Oberlausitz Pflegeheim & Kurzzeitpflege gGmbH Bodo Hering Sie können natürlich auch die Vorzüge des attraktiven Branchenmixes TV 1848 Bischofswerda e.V. Archiv Barockschloss Rammenau im Einzelhandel für entspannte Einkäufe nutzen und danach noch auf Steffen Jehring kulinarische Entdeckungsreise gehen. All dies wird Ihnen im Herzen Eu- Saurierpark_Tobias Ritz FOTOGRAFISCH-Juliane Mostertz ropas vor den Toren Dresdens geboten – Bischofswerda ist aktuell für Regina Berger über 11.000 Menschen ein liebens- und lebenswerter, infrastrukturell Tier- und Kulturpark Bischofswerda Stadtverwaltung Bischofswerda optimal angebundener Lebensmittelpunkt.
    [Show full text]
  • Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka, 2010, Vol. 65, No. 2 PL ISSN 0037-7511 MARIAN ORZECHOWSKI
    MARIAN ORZECHOWSKI : THE POLISH EXPLORATION OF THE LUSATIAN SERBS (THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY) Original text published in Polish: Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka, 2010, vol. 65, no. 2 PL ISSN 0037-7511 MARIAN ORZECHOWSKI The polish exploration of the Lusatian Serbs (the first half of the 19th century) Already from the turn of the 19th century, the Lusatian Serbs, ‘the Slavonic island on the German sea‘, their past, presence and future have been generating great interest around the globe: in Germany (especially in Saxony), in the Czech Republic, in Poland and Russia, and in recent decades also among the community of Southern Slavs, in France, and even in the United States of America and Australia, which from the 19th century have become home to communities of emigrants from Lusatia. Both the reasons and circumstances of the wide popularity of the Lusatian Serbs differed depending on the country. None the less, all of them—from Prague, Brno, and Bratislava, through Warsaw, Kraków and Poznań, Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Sarajevo, up to Paris, London, Brussels and Washington—shared common characteristics: astonishment and—in most of the cases—admiration that a tiny nation residing at the heart of Europe, isolated from its Slavonic countrymen, continued to last throughout the ages and managed to survive while other ethnic groups were disappearing one after another; and in the 19th century, from an amorphous ethno- linguistic group, it evolved into a modern nation openly manifesting its right to life and development, and in the period of the Springtime of the Peoples—unlike other, much greater Slavonic nations including the Ukrainians, the Belarusians, the Slovaks or the Slovenians—formulated a mature and feasible nation-building programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Regions in the Structures of European Union
    UNIVERSITY OF ŁÓDŹ Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies GOVERNMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Silesian Institute in Opole SILESIAN INSTITUTE SOCIETY POLISH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY HISTORICAL REGIONS IN THE STRUCTURES OF EUROPEAN UNION General issues and policy of European Union towards historical regions REGION AND REGIONALISM No. 10 vol. 1 edited by Marek Sobczyński and Andrzej Rykała Łódź–Opole 2011 CONTENTS Foreword (Marek SOBCZY ŃSKI and Andrzej RYKAŁA) .................................. 5 Section I 9 GENERAL ISSUES Gideon BIGER On nations and international boundaries ................................................................ 11 Magdalena DEPTUŁA “Europe of Regions” – the discourse on the future of Europe ............................... 15 Alessandro VITALE The re-emergence of historical regions, cities and enclaves in Europe vs. the EU’s integration concepts, processes and reality .............................................. 29 Roman SZUL Charismatic personalities of mixed ethno-cultural background and their role in national movements in Central-Eastern Europe ..................................................... 43 Section II HISTORICAL REGIONS IN WESTERN MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 67 Ryszard ŻELICHOWSKI Crises in the Brussels-Capital Region. Will Belgium survive 2011? ..................... 69 Marek SOBCZY ŃSKI Historical region of Luxembourg in the structures of European Union ................. 85 Joanna SZCZEPANKIEWICZ-BATTEK Lusatia as a subject of historical geography research ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • FACT-FINDING VISIT to LUSATIA, GERMANY 14-16 February 2018
    FACT-FINDING VISIT TO LUSATIA, GERMANY 14-16 February 2018 Lusatia: geography and history Lusatia (German: Lausitz) is a region in Central Europe. The region is the home of the ethnic group of Lusatian Sorbs, a small Western Slavic nation. Lusatia stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the east to the Pulsnitz and Black Elster in the west. Lusatia comprises two both scenically and historically different parts: a hilly southern "upper" section and a "lower" region, which belongs to the North European Plain. The major part of Upper Lusatia belongs to the German state of Saxony. Its Polish part, east of the Neiβe (Nysa) River, belongs to Lower Silesian Voivodeship. A small strip of land in the north together with the Polish part of Lower Lusatia, is incorporated into Lubusz Voivodeship. Lower Lusatia belongs mainly to the German state of Brandenburg. Its Polish part, to the southwest, belongs to Lubusz Voivodeship. Historically, Lusatia belonged to several different countries. It was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (the so-called Czech Lands) for three hundred years, then of the Habsburg Monarchy and from it to the Electorate of Saxony. The greater part passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 and the whole region merged into Germany in 1871. After the occupation of Eastern Germany by the Red Army and the partition in 1945, the eastern part of Lusatia along the Lusatian Neisse river was given to Poland where the boundary is called the Oder–Neisβe line. In the Polish part today Polish is spoken, and in the German part German, and Upper- and Lower Sorbian.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the 2013 European Flood Webinar
    Understanding the 2013 European Floods Nicolai Thum, Ph.D. Sebastian Diebel, M.Sc. Kiran Chinnayakanahalli, Ph.D. ©2013 AIR WORLDWIDE CONFIDENTIAL: For the exclusive use of Webinar attendees 1 Agenda • Event overview • Meteorology of the event • Damage survey • Creation of ALERT™ loss estimates • Flood extent maps in Touchstone™ • Summary ©2013 AIR WORLDWIDE CONFIDENTIAL: For the exclusive use of Webinar attendees 2 Severe Floods Continue to Affect Central Europe During the Late Spring/Early Summer of 2013 Severe Weather Heavy Precipitation and Flood • Low Pressure Systems Meteorological Frederik and Günther Characterization • V(five)b - Weather Pattern 26/27 May, 2013, Eastern Event Origin Mediterranean Maximum Precipitation 31 May – 2 June 2013 403,6 mm/4 Days (30.5.12:00 Precipitation Amount – 3.6.12:00, ‎Aschau, Bayern) Germany, Austria, Czech Affected Countries Republic, Poland, Hungary, Switzerland Casualties 25 reported Flood water levels in Passau, June 2013 ©2013 AIR WORLDWIDE CONFIDENTIAL: For the exclusive use of Webinar attendees 3 Areas Throughout Central Europe Have Been Affected by 2013 Floods ©2013 AIR WORLDWIDE CONFIDENTIAL: For the exclusive use of Webinar attendees 4 Northeast and Southeast Areas in Germany Have Seen the Most Intense Flooding Source: eHyd, mhwz.de, IMGW, Basemap: NaturalEarth, Zeit online ©2013 AIR WORLDWIDE CONFIDENTIAL: For the exclusive use of Webinar attendees 5 Key Facts About Flood Insurance and Reinsurance in Germany • Flood risk is covered by non-obligatory extended elementary risk policies • Residential take-up rate in Germany is about 32% (with large regional variations) Tendency: Increasing • ZÜRS flood zoning system in place. Even for the properties in the highest risk zone 4, the take-up rate remains high at 25% on average • Commercial/Industrial take-up rate is higher at about 40% • Market generally uses standard policy conditions, deductibles, and limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Global Warming Effects in the European Water Framework Directive: Consideration of Social–Ecological System Features in the Elbe River Basin District
    sustainability Review Management of Global Warming Effects in the European Water Framework Directive: Consideration of Social–Ecological System Features in the Elbe River Basin District Eva Sievers 1,*, Christoph Zielhofer 2 and Frank Hüesker 3 1 Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Institute of Geography, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In this study, we examined the extent to which global warming management is currently integrated into the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), the central legal framework for water management in the EU. We focused on the Elbe River Basin District and how global warming is addressed in its water management. We used the social–ecological systems (SES) approach as our theoretical framework, representing an eminent analytical frame of biosphere-based sustainability science. In our study, we analysed core characteristics of SES in the context of global warming to evaluate the effectiveness of current water management in the Elbe River basin concerning long- term changing climate conditions. To determine to what extent each SES feature is considered in the Elbe water management, we applied a scale of 1 to 5. Our results show that the SES feature Citation: Sievers, E.; Zielhofer, C.; “scale and openness” is best addressed (score 4.0) by the Elbe River basin management, followed Hüesker, F. Management of Global by “context dependency” (score 3.9); however, “non-linearity, uncertainty, unpredictability” (score Warming Effects in the European Water Framework Directive: 3.2), “self-organisation and adaptability” (score 3.1), and “dynamics” (score 3.0) have only moderate Consideration of Social–Ecological impacts.
    [Show full text]