Art 258: Ancient and Medieval Art
Dr. Woods: Office: Art 559; e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Monday, Friday 7:00-7:50
Text: F. Kleiner, C. Mamiya, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective, vol. I, 14th edition (2014) is at the bookstore, or an ebook version is available at: www.ichapters.com An older edition is on two hour course reserve in the library: call number N5300.G25 2005. Older editions are fine to use, just make certain that you have volume one, or a complete version that covers ancient and medieval art.
Webpage: slides can be viewed at the following site: http://arthistory.sdsu.edu/index.html user name: art258 password: NrHk8taE Warning: the webpage is out of date, and includes monuments not listed on the syllabus, which will not be covered on exams.
Course Requirements: Class attendance and reading the textbook are required. There will be three quizzes, two midterms, a non-cumulative final and a brief paper.
Grading is based on the following: three quizzes 5% each; paper 10%; two midterms 25% each; final 25%. No extra credit is offered, but improvement over the course of the semester will be taken into account.
Classroom Etiquette: Class begins promptly at 8:00. All cell phones and pagers must be turned off. Students disturbing their neighbors will be asked to leave.
This is an Explorations course in the Humanities and Fine Arts. Completing this course will help you to do the following in greater depth: 1) analyze written, visual, or performed texts in the humanities and fine arts with sensitivity to their diverse cultural contexts and historical moments; 2) describe various aesthetic and other value systems and the ways they are communicated across time and cultures; 3) identify issues in the humanities that have personal and global relevance; 4) demonstrate the ability to approach complex problems and ask complex questions drawing upon knowledge of the humanities.
Student learning outcomes: Students will learn to recognize and identify all monuments on the syllabus, and to contextualize and interpret art as the product of specific historical, political, social and economic circumstances. Students will understand the general characteristics of each historical or stylistic period, and the differences and similarities between cultures and periods. The paper assignment will develop students’ skills in visual analysis, critical thinking and written communication.
Lecture Schedule: Jan. 22 Paleolithic and Neolithic Art Jan. 24 The Ancient Near East: Sumer, Babylonia Jan. 27 The Ancient Near East: Assyria Jan. 29 Egypt: Predynastic and Old Kingdom Jan. 31 Egypt: The Old Kingdom conted. Feb. 3 Egypt: New Kingdom Feb. 5 Egypt: New Kingdom conted. 1 Feb. 7 Minoan Art Feb. 10 Mycenaean art Feb. 12 Greece: Geometric Period; Archaic Sculpture Feb. 14 Greece: Archaic Architecture , Vase Painting Feb. 17 Early Classical Art: Sculpture Feb. 19 Early Classical: Olympia Feb. 21 High Classical Art Feb. 24 MIDTERM Feb. 26 Late Classical Period Feb. 28 Late Classical conted. and Hellenistic Period Mar. 3 Hellenistic Period conted. Mar. 5 The Etruscans Mar. 7 The Roman Republic Mar. 10 The Roman Republic: Pompeii Mar. 12 The Roman Empire: Augustus Mar. 14 The Flavians Mar. 17 Trajan Mar. 19 Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius Mar. 21 Late Roman Art Mar. 24 Constantine Mar. 26 Late Antiquity Mar. 28 MIDTERM Mar. 31 – Apr. 4 SPRING BREAK Apr. 7 Late Antiquity conted. Apr. 9 Byzantium: Early Byzantine Art Apr. 11 Byzantium: Icons, Iconoclasm and Middle Byzantine Art Apr. 14 Islamic Art Apr. 16 Early Medieval Art Apr. 18 The Carolingians and Ottonians Apr. 21 Romanesque Art: The Age of Pilgrimages: France Apr. 23 Romanesque Art: France conted. Apr. 25 Romanesque Art: the Normans Apr. 28 Romanesque Art: Italy and Germany Apr. 30 Gothic Art: The Age of Great Cathedrals: France May 2 Gothic Art: France, conted. May 5 Gothic Art: France conted. May 7 Gothic Art: Germany and Italy May 9 FINAL EXAM: 8:00 - 10:00 am
Monuments List
Paleolithic Art: Woman holding a bison horn, France, ca. 25,000-20,000 BCE (1-6) Hall of the Bulls, ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE (1-11) Neolithic Art: Catal Hoyuk (restored view), ca. 6000- 5900 BCE (1-16) Terms: Material or medium; subject matter; style; function; historical context; relief; post and lintel
Ancient Near East: Sumer: 2 Ziggurat, Ur, ca. 2100 BCE (2-15) Statues of Gudea, ca. 2100 BCE (2-16) Fragment, Victory Stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures), ca. 2600-2500 (2-7) Babylonia: Stele with law code of Hammurabi, ca.1780 BCE (2-17) Terms: cuneiform; register; composite view; hierarchic scale
Assyria: Reconstruction of Citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad, ca. 720-705 BCE (2-20) Lamassu, Khorsabad, ca. 720-705 BCE (2-21) Ashurnasirpal II at War, Nimrud, ca. 875-860 BCE Assyrian archers pursuing enemies, Nimrud, ca. 875-860 (2-22) Ashurbanipal hunting lions, Ninevey, ca. 645-40 (2-23)
Egypt Predynastic: Palette of King Narmer, Hierakonpolis, ca. 3000- 2920 BCE (3-3)
Old Kingdom: Great Pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, Gizeh, ca. 2500 BCE (3-8, 9, 10) Khafre enthroned, Gizeh, ca. 2520-2494 (3-12) Menkaure and Khamerernebty(?), Gizeh, ca. 2490-2472 (3-13) Seated Scribe. Saqqara, ca. 2450-2350 (3-14) Reliefs in the mastaba of Ti (Ti watching a hippopodamus hunt, Goats treading seed and cattle fording a canal), Saqqara, ca. 2450- 2350 (3-15, 16) Terms: Upper and Lower Egypt; hieroglyphs; Re; Horus; divine kingship
New Kingdom: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, ca. 1473-1458 (3-20) Temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, begun 15th c. (3-24, 25, 26) Akhenaton, Karnak, ca. 1353-1335 (3-30) Akhenaton, Nefertiti and three daughters, Amarna, ca. 1353-35 (3-33) Coffin and Death Mask of Tutankhamen, ca. 1323 (3-1, 34) Throne of Tutankhamen, ca. 1333-23 Painted chest, from tomb of Tutankhamen, ca. 1333-23 (3-35) Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer, ca. 1290-1280 (3-36) Terms: Valley of the Kings; hypostyle hall; clerestory; Aten; sunken relief; ankh; Osiris
Prehistoric Aegean Minoan Art: Palace at Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1400 BCE (4-4, 5, 6) Bull-leaping fresco, ca. 1450-1400 (4-8) Snake Goddess, ca. 1600 (4-12) Landscape with swallows (Spring fresco), Thera, ca. 1650 (4-9) Octopus Jar, ca. 1500 (4-11) Terms: King Minos, the Minotaur in the labyrinth; fresco
Mycenaean Art: Citadel of Tiryns, ca. 1400-1200 BCE (4-15, 16) Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, ca. 1300-1250 (4-20, 21) Funerary Mask, ca. 1600- 1500 (4-22)
3 Inlaid dagger blade with lion hunt, ca. 1600-1500 (4-23) Warrior Vase, ca. 1200 (4-25) Terms: Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey; the Trojan War; corbeled arch; megaron
Ancient Greece Geometric Period: Geometric krater from Dipylon cemetery, Athens, ca. 740 BCE (5-2)
Archaic Period: Sculpture: Kouros, ca. 600 BCE (5-8) Calf-Bearer (Moscophoros), ca. 560 (5-9) Kroisos, from Anavysos, ca. 530 (5-10) Kore from Acropolis, ca. 520-510 (5-12) Architecture: Greek Temple plans, Doric and Ionic Orders, pp. 109-110 West pediment, Temple of Artemis, Corfu, ca. 600-580 (5-17) Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, ca. 530 (5-18, 19) Caryatid figures, Gigantomachy from the north frieze Vase Painting: Ajax and Achilles playing a dice game, by Exekias, black-figure amphora, ca. 540-530 (5-21) Three revelers, by Euthymides, red-figure amphora, ca. 510 (5-24) Terms: Dorians and Ionians; Kouros (s.) Kouroi (pl.); Kore (s.) Korai (pl.); archaic smile; Doric and Ionic orders (see Gardner p.96); Doric frieze of metopes and triglyphs; Ionic continuous frieze; Gorgon Medusa.
Early Classical Period: Kritios Boy, ca. 480 (5-34) Zeus (or Poseidon?), from off Cape Artemesion, ca. 460-450 (5-38) Discobolos (Discus Thrower) by Myron, ca. 450 (Roman copy) (5-39) Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) by Polykleitos, ca. 450-440 (Roman copy) (5-40) East Pediment, Temple of Zeus at Olympia, ca. 470-456. Chariot race of Pelops and Oenomaos (5-31, 32) Metopes with labors of Herakles (5-33) Terms: Persian Wars; contrapposto; lost wax method; “Canon” of Polykleitos
High Classical Period: Athenian Acropolis, rebuilt after Persian sack of 480 BCE (5-42, 43) Parthenon, 447-432 (5-44, 45, 46) Sculptures supervised by Phidias (5-47, 48, 49, 50) Pediments: Contest of Athena and Poseidon for Athens, Birth of Athena Metopes: mythical battles, including Lapiths vs. Centaurs Frieze: Panathenaic Festival procession frieze Terms: Perikles; Athena Parthenos
Late Classical Period: Grave Stele of Hegeso, ca. 400 (5-57) Aphrodite of Knidos by Praxiteles, (Roman copy) ca. 350-340 (5-62) Hermes and the infant Dionysos, Praxiteles, (copy?) ca. 340 (5-63) Theater, Epidauros, ca. 350 (5-71) Portraits of Alexander the Great, (5-67) Battle of Issus, ca. 310 (5-70) 4 Terms: Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BCE; Corinthian column
Hellenistic Period: Priene (restored view), 4th c. and later (5 – 76) Gallic chieftain killing himself and his wife; Dying Gaul, by Epigonos? (Roman copies) ca. 230-220 (5-80, 81) Nike alighting on a warship (Nike of Samothrace), ca. 190 (5-82) Seated Boxer, ca. 100-50 BCE (5-85) Aphrodite, Eros and Pan, ca. 100
Italy The Etruscans: Model of typical Etruscan temple of 6th c. BCE (6-3) Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, 3rd c. BCE (6-8) Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia, ca. 480-470 BCE (6-1, 9) Sarcophagus with reclining couple, ca. 520 (6-5) Terms: Tuscan column; Romulus and Remus
The Roman Empire: The Republic: Temple of Portunus, Rome, ca. 75 BCE (7-3) Relief with funerary procession, 1st c. BCE (7-10) Head of an Old Man, mid-first century BCE (7-7) Portrait of a Roman General, ca. 75-50 BCE (7-8) Pompeii: Forum, 2nd-1st. c. BCE (7-12) Amphitheater, ca. 70 BCE (7-13, 14) Typical Roman house with atrium, peristyle (7-16) Ixion Room, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, ca. 70-79 CE (7-23) Terms: “veristic” style, arch, barrel vault, concrete, single point perspective
The Early Empire Augustus: Augustus as General, copy of bronze original of ca. 20 BCE (7-27) Ara Pacis Augustae. 13-9 BCE Reliefs of Tellus(?) and Procession of Imperial Family (7-29, 30, 31) Pont-du-Gard, Nimes, ca. 16 BCE (7-33) Terms: aqueduct
The Flavians: Portrait of Vespasian, 75-79 CE (7-37) Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), Rome, 70-80 CE (7-1, 36) Terms: groin vault
Trajan: Forum of Trajan and Basilica Ulpia by Apollodorus of Damascus, ca. 112 CE (7-43) Markets of Trajan, 100-112 CE (7-45, 46) Column of Trajan, with scenes from Dacian wars, 112 CE (7-44) Terms: Dacian Wars, gallery, apse
Hadrian: Pantheon, Rome, 118-125 CE (7-49, 50, 51) 5 Model of an Insula (apartment house), Ostia, 2nd c. CE (7-54) Funerary Reliefs of a Vegetable Vendor (7-56) and a Midwife, Ostia, 2nd c. CE
Marcus Aurelius: Equestrian statue, ca. 175 CE (7-59) Terms: oculus, coffers
The Late Empire: Baths of Caracalla, 212-216 CE (7-66) Heroic portrait of Trebonianus Gallus, 251-53 CE (7-69) Battle of Romans and barbarians (Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus), 250-60 CE (7-70) Portraits of the four Tetrarchs, ca. 305 CE (7-73) Terms: Soldier Emperors; mystery religions
Constantine: Portrait of Constantine, ca. 315-330 (7-78) Arch of Constantine, Rome, 312-315 (7-75, 76) Reliefs: Distribution of largesse; spolia from 2nd c. emperors Terms: Battle of Milvian Bridge; Edict of Milan 313 CE; spolia
Late Antiquity: Christian community house, Dura Europas (reconstruction), ca. 240-256 (8-4) The Good Shepherd, Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, early 4th c. (8-5) Sarcophagus with philosopher, orant, Old and New Testament scenes, ca. 270 (8-6) Christ as Sol Invictus, mosaic from Mausoleum of the Julii, late 3rd c.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, begun ca. 319 (8-9) Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, ca. 425 (8-15) mosaic of Christ as Good Shepherd (8-16) Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, dedicated 504 (8-17, 18) Suicide of Judas and Crucifixion of Christ, ivory plaque, ca. 420 (8-22) Terms: transept
Byzantium Early Byzantine Art: Hagia Sophia by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, 532-537 (9-2, 3, 4) San Vitale, Ravenna, 526-547 (9-6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) Apse mosaics: Christ between two Angels, St. Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius: Justinian and attendants; Theodora and attendants Christ Pantocrator, 6th c. (encaustic) Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between St. Theodore and St. George, 6th-7th c. (9-18) Terms: pendentives and squinches; icon; encaustic; Iconoclasm 726-843 CE
Middle Byzantine Art: Virgin (Theotokos) and Child enthroned, apse mosaic, Hagia Sophia, 867 (9-19) Katholikon, Hosios Loukas, 11th c. (9-20, 21, 22) Christ as Pantokrator, Daphne, Greece, ca. 1090-1100 (9-1)
Islamic Art: The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 687-692 (10-2, 3, 4) Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain, 8th-10th c. (10-11, 12, 13) 6 Quran page, 9th-10th c. (10-16) Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain, 1354-91 (10-1, 17) Maqsud of Kashan, carpet from funerary mosque, Iran, 1540 (10-28) Terms: Muhammed 570-632 CE; minaret; hypostyle mosque; mihrab; calligraphy; muqarnas
Early Medieval Europe Pair of Merovingian looped fibula, mid 6th c. (11-2) Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship burial, Suffolk England, ca. 625 (11-3) Lindisfarne Gospels, ca. 698-721 Cross-inscribed carpet page; Saint Matthew (11-1, 7) Book of Kells, late 8th to early 9th c.: St. John; Chi-rho-iota page (11-8) Terms: cloisonne; animal interlace; Hiberno-Saxon; scriptorium
The Carolingians: Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne(?), early 9th c. (11-12) Plan for monastery at Saint Gall, ca. 819 (11-19) Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, 792-805 (11-17, 18) The Ottonians: Crown of Otto I, first used in 962 Gospel Book of Otto III, ca. 1000 Otto III enthroned, with personifications bringing tribute (11-29) Terms: cloister
Romanesque Europe: France: Head Reliquary of Saint Alexander, 1145 (12-24) Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, ca. 1070-1120 (12-4, 5, 6) Last Judgment, by Gislebertus, tympanum Saint-Lazare, Autun, ca. 1120 -35 (12-12), and capital with Suicide of Judas Cloister of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, ca. 1100-1115 (12-9) Initial R with knight fighting dragons, ca. 1115-25 (12-15) Abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, 1139-1147 (12-14) Terms: relics; choir; ambulatory and radiating chapels; nave arcade and gallery; compound piers; tympanum; Cistercians; St. Bernard of Clairvaux
The Normans: Durham Cathedral, England, begun ca. 1093 (12-33, 34) Bayeux Tapestry, ca. 1070-1080 (12-35) Terms: William the Conqueror; Battle of Hastings 1066; rib vaulting
Italy and Germany: San Miniato al Monte, Florence, 1062-1090 (12-27) Cathedral, Baptistery and Campanile in Pisa, 1063-1272 (12-25) Hildegard receives her visions, ca. 1150-1179 (12-22)
Gothic Europe: France: Chartres Cathedral, begun 1134, rebuilt after 1194 (13-1, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18) Royal portal, jamb statues of Old Testament kings and queens, 1145-55 (13-6, 7) Saint Theodore, jamb statue, ca. 1230 (13-18) Reims Cathedral, ca. 1225-1290 (13-23) 7 Jamb statues: Annunciation, and Visitation (13-24) Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1243-1248 (13-25) Carcassonne, France, 12- 13th c. (13-28) The Castle of Love and knights jousting, ivory jewelry casket, ca. 1330-1350 (13-38) Hall of the Cloth Guild, Bruges, begun 1230 (13-29) House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, 1443-51 (13-30) Terms: pointed arches, flying buttresses; Aristotle; stained glass; rose window; nave arcade, triforium and clerestory; Troubadour poetry
Germany: Ekkehard and Uta, choir of Naumburg Cathedral, ca. 1249-55 (13-49) Equestrian Portrait (Bamberg Rider), Bamberg Cathedral, ca. 1235-1240 (13-50)
Italy: Birth of the Virgin, Pietro Lorenzetti, 1342 (14-14) Campo with Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, 1288-1309 (14-15) Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, 1338- 1339 (14-16, 17) Terms: Black Death
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