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The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder
The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder by D. D. McKinnon A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts & Sciences of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Department of Physics 2009 This thesis entitled: The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder written by D. D. McKinnon has been approved for the Department of Physics Prof. John Price Prof. John Cumalat Prof. Peter Kratzke Date iii McKinnon, D. D. (B.A., Physics) The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder Thesis directed by Prof. John Price The study of acoustics is rooted in the origins of physics, yet the dynamics of flue-type instruments are still only qualitatively understood. Our group has developed a measurement system, the Acoustic VNA, which can precisely determine acoustic wave amplitudes of the lowest mode propagating in a cylindrical waveguide. I used the AVNA to study a musical oscillator, the tenor recorder. The recorder consists of two compo- nents, an air-jet amplifier driven by the player’s breath and a cylindrical waveguide resonator with an effective length that may by varied by covering or uncovering finger holes. Previous research on the recorder has focused on understanding the resonator frequencies in some detail, but has only provided a rough understanding of the air-jet. In particular, there is not yet a quantitative understanding of how the pitch varies with blowing pressure for a given fingering. I designed several experiments to provide a quantitative picture of how the air-jet behaves at different blowing pressures and discov- ered that higher blowing pressures lead to stronger amplification at higher frequencies. -
The Commissioned Flute Choir Pieces Presented By
THE COMMISSIONED FLUTE CHOIR PIECES PRESENTED BY UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE FLUTE CHOIRS AND NFA SPONSORED FLUTE CHOIRS AT NATIONAL FLUTE ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONVENTIONS WITH A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FLUTE CHOIR AND ITS REPERTOIRE DOCUMENT Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yoon Hee Kim Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2013 D.M.A. Document Committee: Katherine Borst Jones, Advisor Dr. Russel C. Mikkelson Dr. Charles M. Atkinson Karen Pierson Copyright by Yoon Hee Kim 2013 Abstract The National Flute Association (NFA) sponsors a range of non-performance and performance competitions for performers of all ages. Non-performance competitions are: a Flute Choir Composition Competition, Graduate Research, and Newly Published Music. Performance competitions are: Young Artist Competition, High School Soloist Competition, Convention Performers Competition, Flute Choirs Competitions, Professional, Collegiate, High School, and Jazz Flute Big Band, and a Masterclass Competition. These competitions provide opportunities for flutists ranging from amateurs to professionals. University/college flute choirs perform original manuscripts, arrangements and transcriptions, as well as the commissioned pieces, frequently at conventions, thus expanding substantially the repertoire for flute choir. The purpose of my work is to document commissioned repertoire for flute choir, music for five or more flutes, presented by university/college flute choirs and NFA sponsored flute choirs at NFA annual conventions. Composer, title, premiere and publication information, conductor, performer and instrumentation will be included in an annotated bibliography format. A brief history of the flute choir and its repertoire, as well as a history of NFA-sponsored flute choir (1973–2012) will be included in this document. -
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments Clinton F. Goss Westport, CT, USA. Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Initially published online: High intraoral pressure generated when playing some wind instruments has been December 20, 2012 linked to a variety of health issues. Prior research has focused on Western Revised: August 21, 2013 classical instruments, but no work has been published on ethnic wind instruments. This study measured intraoral pressure when playing six classes of This work is licensed under the ethnic wind instruments (N = 149): Native American flutes (n = 71) and smaller Creative Commons Attribution- samples of ethnic duct flutes, reed instruments, reedpipes, overtone whistles, and Noncommercial 3.0 license. overtone flutes. Results are presented in the context of a survey of prior studies, This work has not been peer providing a composite view of the intraoral pressure requirements of a broad reviewed. range of wind instruments. Mean intraoral pressure was 8.37 mBar across all ethnic wind instruments and 5.21 ± 2.16 mBar for Native American flutes. The range of pressure in Native American flutes closely matches pressure reported in Keywords: Intraoral pressure; Native other studies for normal speech, and the maximum intraoral pressure, 20.55 American flute; mBar, is below the highest subglottal pressure reported in other studies during Wind instruments; singing. Results show that ethnic wind instruments, with the exception of ethnic Velopharyngeal incompetency reed instruments, have generally lower intraoral pressure requirements than (VPI); Intraocular pressure (IOP) Western classical wind instruments. This implies a lower risk of the health issues related to high intraoral pressure. -
Jewish Communities in the Political and Legal Systems of Post-Yugoslav Countries
TRAMES, 2017, 21(71/66), 3, 251–271 JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS OF POST-YUGOSLAV COUNTRIES Boris Vukićević University of Montenegro Abstract. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Jewish community within Yugoslavia was also split up, and now various Jewish communities exist in the seven post-Yugoslav countries. Although all of these communities are relatively small, their size, influence, and activity vary. The political and legal status of Jewish communities, normatively speaking, differs across the former Yugoslav republics. Sometimes Jews or Jewish communities are mentioned in constitutions, signed agreements with governments, or are recognized in laws that regulate religious communities. Despite normative differences, they share most of the same problems – a slow process of return of property, diminishing numbers due to emigra- tion and assimilation, and, although on a much lower scale than in many other countries, creeping anti-Semitism. They also share the same opportunities – a push for more minority rights as part of ‘Europeanization’ and the perception of Jewish communities as a link to influential investors and politicians from the Jewish diaspora and Israel. Keywords: Jewish communities, minority rights, post-communism, former Yugoslavia DOI: https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2017.3.04 1. Introduction In 1948, the first postwar census in Yugoslavia counted 6,538 people of Jewish nationality, although many Jews identified as other nationalities (e.g. Croat, Serb) in the census while identifying religiously as Jewish, as seen by the fact that Jewish municipalities (or communities) across Yugoslavia had 11,934 members (Boeckh 2006:427). The number of Jews in Yugoslavia decreased in the following years after the foundation of the State of Israel. -
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Georgian Country and Culture Guide
Georgian Country and Culture Guide მშვიდობის კორპუსი საქართველოში Peace Corps Georgia 2017 Forward What you have in your hands right now is the collaborate effort of numerous Peace Corps Volunteers and staff, who researched, wrote and edited the entire book. The process began in the fall of 2011, when the Language and Cross-Culture component of Peace Corps Georgia launched a Georgian Country and Culture Guide project and PCVs from different regions volunteered to do research and gather information on their specific areas. After the initial information was gathered, the arduous process of merging the researched information began. Extensive editing followed and this is the end result. The book is accompanied by a CD with Georgian music and dance audio and video files. We hope that this book is both informative and useful for you during your service. Sincerely, The Culture Book Team Initial Researchers/Writers Culture Sara Bushman (Director Programming and Training, PC Staff, 2010-11) History Jack Brands (G11), Samantha Oliver (G10) Adjara Jen Geerlings (G10), Emily New (G10) Guria Michelle Anderl (G11), Goodloe Harman (G11), Conor Hartnett (G11), Kaitlin Schaefer (G10) Imereti Caitlin Lowery (G11) Kakheti Jack Brands (G11), Jana Price (G11), Danielle Roe (G10) Kvemo Kartli Anastasia Skoybedo (G11), Chase Johnson (G11) Samstkhe-Javakheti Sam Harris (G10) Tbilisi Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Workplace Culture Kimberly Tramel (G11), Shannon Knudsen (G11), Tami Timmer (G11), Connie Ross (G11) Compilers/Final Editors Jack Brands (G11) Caitlin Lowery (G11) Conor Hartnett (G11) Emily New (G10) Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Compilers of Audio and Video Files Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Irakli Elizbarashvili (IT Specialist, PC Staff) Revised and updated by Tea Sakvarelidze (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator) and Kakha Gordadze (Training Manager). -
Some Acoustic Characteristics of the Tin Whistle
Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics SOME ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIN WHISTLE POAL Davies ISVR, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK J Pinho ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK EJ English ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK 1 INTRODUCTION The sustained excitation of a tuned resonator by shed vorticity in a separating shear layer 1 or the whistling produced by the impingement of thin fluid jets on an edge 2 have both been exploited by the makers of musical instruments from time immemorial. Familiar examples include panpipes, recorders, flutes, organ flue pipes 13 , and so on. Over the centuries, the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skill for their successful production must have been laboriously accomplished by much trial and error. A more physically explicit understanding of the basic controlling mechanisms began to emerge during the great upsurge in scientific observation and discovery from the mid19th century, as this was also accompanied by the relevant developments in physics, acoustics and fluid mechanics. These mechanisms can take several forms, depending on subtle differences in local and overall geometric detail and its relation to the magnitude, direction and distribution of any flow that is generating sound. One such form includes many examples of reverberant systems, where separating shear layers 3,4 provide the conditions where this coupled flow acoustic behaviour may occur. It is well known 14 that whenever a flow leaves a downstream facing edge it separates, forming a thin shear layer or vortex sheet. Such sheets, which involve high transverse velocity gradients, are very unstable and rapidly develop waves 14 . -
Serbia in 2001 Under the Spotlight
1 Human Rights in Transition – Serbia 2001 Introduction The situation of human rights in Serbia was largely influenced by the foregoing circumstances. Although the severe repression characteristic especially of the last two years of Milosevic’s rule was gone, there were no conditions in place for dealing with the problems accumulated during the previous decade. All the mechanisms necessary to ensure the exercise of human rights - from the judiciary to the police, remained unchanged. However, the major concern of citizens is the mere existential survival and personal security. Furthermore, the general atmosphere in the society was just as xenophobic and intolerant as before. The identity crisis of the Serb people and of all minorities living in Serbia continued. If anything, it deepened and the relationship between the state and its citizens became seriously jeopardized by the problem of Serbia’s undefined borders. The crisis was manifest with regard to certain minorities such as Vlachs who were believed to have been successfully assimilated. This false belief was partly due to the fact that neighbouring Romania had been in a far worse situation than Yugoslavia during the past fifty years. In considerably changed situation in Romania and Serbia Vlachs are now undergoing the process of self identification though still unclear whether they would choose to call themselves Vlachs or Romanians-Vlachs. Considering that the international factor has become the main generator of change in Serbia, the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia believes that an accurate picture of the situation in Serbia is absolutely necessary. It is essential to establish the differences between Belgrade and the rest of Serbia, taking into account its internal diversities. -
The Development of the Flute As a Solo Instrument from the Medieval to the Baroque Era
Musical Offerings Volume 2 Number 1 Spring 2011 Article 2 5-1-2011 The Development of the Flute as a Solo Instrument from the Medieval to the Baroque Era Anna J. Reisenweaver Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings Part of the Musicology Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Recommended Citation Reisenweaver, Anna J. (2011) "The Development of the Flute as a Solo Instrument from the Medieval to the Baroque Era," Musical Offerings: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.15385/jmo.2011.2.1.2 Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings/vol2/iss1/2 The Development of the Flute as a Solo Instrument from the Medieval to the Baroque Era Document Type Article Abstract As one of the oldest instruments known to mankind, the flute is present in some form in nearly every culture and ethnic group in the world. However, in Western music in particular, the flute has taken its place as an important part of musical culture, both as a solo and an ensemble instrument. The flute has also undergone its most significant technological developments in Western musical culture, moving from the bone keyless flutes of the Prehistoric era to the gold and silver instruments known to performers today. -
Modern Laments in Northwestern Greece, Their Importance in Social and Musical Life and the “Making” of Oral Tradition
Karadeniz Technical University State Conservatory © 2017 Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2017 Research Article Musicologist 2017. 1 (1): 95-140 DOI: 10.33906/musicologist.373186 ATHENA KATSANEVAKI University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-4634 Modern Laments in Northwestern Greece, Their Importance in Social and Musical Life and the “Making” of Oral Tradition ABSTRACT Having as a starting point a typical phrase -“all our songs once were KEYWORDS laments”- repeated to the researcher during fieldwork, this study aims Lament practices to explore the multiple ways in which lament practices become part of other musical practices in community life or change their Death rituals functionalities and how they contribute to music making. Though the Moiroloi meaning of this typical phrase seems to be inexplicable, nonetheless as Musical speech a general feeling it is shared by most of the people in the field. Starting from the Epirot instrumental ‘moiroloi’, extensive field research Lament-song reveals that many vocal practices considered by former researchers to Symbolic meaning be imitations of instrumental musical practices, are in fact, definite lament vocal practices-cries, embodied and reformed in different ways Collective memory in other musical contexts and serving in this way different social purposes. Furthermore, multiple functionalities of lament practices in social life reveal their transformations into songs and the ways they contribute to music making in oral tradition while at the same time confirming the flexibility of the border between lament and song established by previous researchers. Received: November 17, 2017; Accepted: December 07, 2017 95 The first attempts1 to document Greek folk songs in texts by both Greeks and foreigners included references to, or descriptions of, lament practices. -
Download Bibliography As .Pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHY BY SITE A Aetos http://www.yppo.gr/0/anaskafes/pdfs/LB_EPKA.pdf Agia Kyriaki Dakaris, S. (1972), Θεσπρωτία (Athens: Athens Centre of Ekistics). Agioi Apostoloi http://www.yppo.gr/0/anaskafes/pdfs/IB_EPKA.pdf Agios Donatos Forsén, B. (2011), 'Catalogue of Sites in the Central Kokytos Valley', in B. Forsén and E. Tikkala (eds.), Thesprotia expedition II, Environment and settlement patterns (Helsinki), 73-122. http://www.finninstitute.gr/en/thesprotia# 'Thesprotia Expedition 2004-5, Reports' Agios Georgios Dakaris, S. (1971), Cassopaia and the Elean colonies (Athens: Athens Center of Ekistics). Agios Minas Dausse, M.P. (2007), 'Les villes molosses: bilan et hypothèses sur les quatre centres mentionnés par Tite-Live', in D. Berranger-Auserve (ed.), Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges offerts au Professeur Pierre Cabanes (Clermont-Ferrand), 197-233. http://listedmonuments.culture.gr/fek.php?ID_FEKYA=12769 Agora (fortification and graves) Dakaris, S. (1972), Θεσπρωτία (Athens: Athens Centre of Ekistics). Agora PS29, PS30 and PS49 Forsén, B. (2011), 'Catalogue of Sites in the Central Kokytos Valley', in B. Forsén and E. Tikkala (eds.), Thesprotia expedition II, Environment and settlement patterns (Helsinki), 73-122. Almoutses Youni, P., Katsadima, I., and Faklari, I. (2001-4), 'Θέση Αλμούτσες, Κοινότητα Σελλάδων', Archaiologikon Deltion, 56-59 (B), 131-33. Alpochori Dakaris, S. (1971), Cassopaia and the Elean colonies (Athens: Athens Center of Ekistics). Amantia Anamali, S. (1972), 'Amantia', Iliria, II, 67-148. Cabanes, Pierre, et al. (2008), Carte archéologique de l'Albanie (Tirana: Klosi & Benzenberg). Ceka, N. (1990), 'Städtebau in der vorrömischen Periode in Südillyrien', Akten des XIII. Internationalen Kongresses für klassische Archäologie, Berlin, 1988 International Congress of Classical Archaeology (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern), 215-29. -
!001 Deo1 Zbornik MTC 2016 Ispr FINAL 27 Jun.Indd
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Digital Archive (DAIS) I MUSICOLOGICAL STUDIES: MONOGRAPHS MUSIC: TRANSITIONS/CONTINUITIES Department of Musicology Faculty of Music, University of Arts in Belgrade II Department of Musicology, Faculty of Music, Belgrade MUSICOLOGICAL STUDIES: MONOGRAPHS MUSIC: TRANSITIONS/CONTINUITIES Editors Mirjana Veselinović-Hofman Vesna Mikić Tijana Popović Mladjenović Ivana Perković Editor-in-Chief of the Faculty of Music Publications Gordana Karan For Publisher Ljiljana Nestorovska Dean of the Faculty of Music ISBN 978-86-88619-73-8 The publication was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. III MUSIC: TRANSITIONS / CONTINUITIES Editors Mirjana Veselinović-Hofman Vesna Mikić Tijana Popović Mladjenović Ivana Perković Belgrade 2016 Marija Maglov, Transitions in the Pgp-Rtb/Pgp-Rts Reflected in the Classical Music Editions 309 Marija Maglov TRANSITIONS IN THE PGP-RTB/PGP-RTS REFLECTED IN THE CLASSICAL MUSIC EDITIONS* ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the production of classical music records in the Yugoslav label PGP-RTB/PGP-RTS since its foundation in 1968 up to the present. The paper focuses on differentiation of editions released before and during the political, economic and cultural transitions in the ’90s. Last decades of the twentieth century also marked the technological transition from analog to digital recordings. Changes and continuities reflected in the editorial policy (as read from the released recordings) served as a marker of different transitions happening at that time. KEYWORDS: transition; Yugoslavia; cultural policy; music industry; PGP–RTB / PGP–RTS; recordings; classical music During the twentieth century, the development of music industry inevitably influenced modes of the reception of music.