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China in the War Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository East Collection Library Digital Collections 1917 China in the war Carroll K Michener Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/eastbooks Recommended Citation Michener, Carroll K, "China in the war" (1917). East Collection. 19. https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/eastbooks/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Digital Collections at Trinity College Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Collection by an authorized administrator of Trinity College Digital Repository. ~ 11111111111111111ll1\f1ml f ~11111111111111111 1 A0003684 - .... llijNirf COILEG llBRAR..Y .M.OORE COLLECTION RELATING TOTHE FAil EAST CLASS NO.-­ BOOK NO.-­ VOLUME-­ ACCESSION NO. f.b(~~!: U t. I 1;rn+A+l, ,UZ:.0+~~1 50.20-ARR MICHENER ( CARROLL K . ) China i n the War . fits. It ternally. Pages number ed 411- 415 of Gen­ .size the 1a with- 1mblings :d up to K .) lermany. 1rst into and the Far East . ~ radical fhe fac­ ~, as al- this in­ China's houlder. nese de­ nevolent f Allied r :y from for over uropean 1olicy of :ade and New York, The American Review of Reviews , k-up of Vo l.56, No .4, October 1917 . · on Far d Japan :ning to rialistic. incident he full, seemed Out of le grew Ac . No . 1065. ~ssia of milarity md that ,n, was tual in- ar, then ort Ar­ : to an 1ger for arceiled agreed 1g their doufile feverage or t e attainment of the ,-.-- ---c""T'"-~~- .,....u~ss~1~a ~r~e ~a~m~ed in ef- 411 CHIN A IN THE WAR BY CARROLL K. MICHENER T is generally conceded that at the be­ last-named of these potential benefits. It I ginning of the Great War the political will operate both internally and externally. integrity of China, the commercial Open The recent monarchical restoration of Gen­ Door, and the general peace of the Far East, eral Chang Hsun served to emphasize the were most threatened. by two aggressors­ lack of cohesion that threatens China with­ ] apan and Russia. The first two years in. It was followed by continued rumblings of the war emphasized this danger. Two of southern secession, which persisted up to notable recent events, however, have put a the moment of declaring war on Germany. radically different complexion on Far East­ At any time China might have burst into ern affairs, and placed the future of China the flame of a civil strife between the radical on a more promising basis than it has ever South and the reactionary North. The fac­ stood before. These events are the democ­ ing of a national enemy should be, as al­ ratization of Russia and the alignment of ways, a powerful agent for quieting this in­ China with the Allies in th~ir war against ternal dissension and for putting China's Germany. quarreling patriots shoulder to shoulder. The significance of these happenings in The external safeguard of the Chinese de­ their relation to the affairs of the Far East mocracy resides, of course, in the benevolent seems to have been more or less overlooked protection assured by the family of Allied in our intense preoccupation with the nearer nations. aspects of the war. But their effect must be far-reaching, and eventually will be ap­ RUSSO-JAPANESE AGREEMENT parent, not only as shaping China's destiny, The danger to China's integrity from but in the solution of the Orient's complex predatory neighbors has been acute for over problems. a century. Though most of the European The effect of the changes in Russia as they powers have had their share in a policy of touch China is, of course, subject only to plundering that seemed certain a decade and speculation, but the probable res_ults of a half ago to result in the "break-up of China's entrance into the war seem so ob­ China" that more than one authority on Far vious as to wa'rrant pretty liberal estimation. Eastern affairs predicted, Russia and Japan Both, it may be safely said, will have their always have been the most threatening to share in lifting China to a more powerful her political entity. Both are imperialistic. ·and honorable place among her sister na­ The Russo-] apanese war was an incident tions. that outlined China's danger to the full, though on the surface it may have seemed PROBABLE GAINS FROM THE WAR a negative sort of protection to her. Out of China stands to gain far more than she that comparatively indecisive struggle grew might lose by the war. The balance is al­ recognition between Japan and Russia of most wholly in her favor. In it are to be the compatibility-in spite of the similarity reckoned her hope of release from the stag­ of their imperialistic aims. They found that gering indemnities inherited from the Boxer cooperation, rather than altercation, was trouble, probable relief from foreign restric­ what would best advance their mutual in­ tions that keep her import duties at an un­ terests. profitable level, restoration of sovereignty At the beginning of the Great War, then over territorial concessions wrested from her -just ten years after the siege of Port Ar­ in her greatest hours of weakness, more gen­ thur-Japan and Russia had come to an erous cooperation in developing her natural agreement that held the utmost danger for resources, and a more certain guarantee of China. Between them they had parceiled her democracy and her political integrity. out Manchuria and Mongolia, and agreed Participation in the war gives China a upon harmonious means of exploiting their •double leverage for the attainment of the spheres of influence. Russia retained in ef- 411 :412 THE AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS feet what she had fought for in 1904-gen­ pire in the East? Might China not only erous commercial advantage in China and be safe from further territorial aggression a sea outlet in the Eastern hemisphere. J a­ by her neighbor on the north, but even re­ pan insured what in effect she fought for­ gain from the sister democracy what the old ver and which nominally had been very largely autocacy had taken while China was in the furn wrested from her by the treaty of Ports­ throes of her own emancipation? These sch mouth-an outlet on the continent of Asia questions, of course, are not yet answered, loo for her surplus population, and plenty of but they offer hopeful possibilities. They commercial elbow-room. are questions to which China's entrance in­ to the war may insure the most satisfactory JAPAN'S OVERLORDS HIP answers. Enlargement of these advantages through China at war with Germany on the side the Russo-] apanese rapprochement had been of the Allies is an astoundingly different fig­ observed by the other powers prior to the ure from anything she has ever before pre­ Great War, and it is aoubtful if the process sented to the modern world. Even though could have gone to much greater length with­ her participation in the war may be only out an accounting. The war, however, and nominal, her position would be hardly less the alignment of Japan and Russia in the strong for that. It is the outcome of the Entente group, removed all restraining boldest and most farseeing bit of statecraft fingers. In wresting Kiaochow from Ger­ the young republic has written into her his­ many Japan took liberties with China's tory. In a word, she places herself and her sovereignty that seemed to evidence a feel­ destiny at a council table the nature of which ing on her part that she was free to go al­ insures to her oy moral force alone the jus­ most as far as she liked. This apparent senti­ tice and security she might otherwise have ment was demonstrated further in the fa­ gained only by recourse to arms against na­ mous twenty-one demands, and not many tions with which she now is allied. months ago in the concessions insisted up­ on as indemnity for a petty clash between WRITING OFF BOXER INDEMNITIES upon Japanese military police and Chinese resi­ The world at large scarcely realizes, per­ been dent troops in northern China. Japan has haps, what a revenge is wreaked upon the 5 pe taken over in full Germany's former in­ Chinese people through the staggering in­ terests in China, and such of the twenty­ demnities exacted in punishment for the one demands as met with compliance have fanatical outburst of 1901. Though orig­ get t given her vastly increased commercial and inally the Boxer indemnity reached a total to in political influence over h~r neighbor. The of only $335,000,000, it has grown through ,var, result may be summed up, so far as China deferred interest payments to almost twice nanc· is concerned, as the conversion of China in­ that sum. Many millions of the debt have the 111 to what gave ominous promise of a future been paid, but the sum owing to-day is about posed vassal state, and as the virtual overthrow­ $550,000,000, which is an exceedingly heavy TH so most observers in the United States have burden for a nation whose annual budget inher viewed it-of the Open Door policy. runs to scarcely more than $200,000,000. from Although Germany took small part in the admi~ RUSSIAN POLICY relief of the Boxer-besieged legation at conce' With imperialistic Japan in full agree­ Peking, her troops arriving after everything tradin ment with imperialistic Russia, and the aims was over except the looting, her portion of some of both in the Far East beng carried out the indemnity was larger than that of any tury, energetically by Japan during the fortuitous other nation except Russia, whose troops did they«: "open season" occasioned by the occupation least in the restoration of order.
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