DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF Download Scotlandspeak Ebook Free Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF Download Scotlandspeak Ebook Free Download SCOTLANDSPEAK PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Catherine Brown | 160 pages | 27 Mar 2013 | Lexus Ltd | 9781904737247 | English | Glasgow, United Kingdom ScotlandSpeak PDF Book The resulting shift towards Standard English by Scots-speakers resulted in many phonological compromises and lexical transfers, often mistaken for mergers by linguists unfamiliar with the history of Scottish English. Cornwall Northern Ireland Scotland Wales. The Viking invasions of the 9th century forced the dialect to split in two and in the north it began to evolve into Scots. Word-wise, Shetland has an abundance that are used on a daily basis in the native tongue. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland, made Scots the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland. Northern Lights, Northern Words. The new language started to gain influence, replacing Scots Gaelic in the Scots Court at some point after , when the Scots-speaking region of Northumbria officially became part of Scotland in the Battle of Carham. E-Mail Address or Account number :. Part of a series on the. The government of the United Kingdom "recognises that Scots and Ulster Scots meet the Charter's definition of a regional or minority language". Soft and lulling, it is woven with Norwegian influences. Next time ye cannae understand a Scot, dinnae get yer heid in a fankle — consult our guide and become accustomed to the captivating sounds of Scotland. It was spoken by the independent kings of Galloway in their time, and by the people of Galloway and Carrick until the early modern period. World Heritage Sites. Today, the main language spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The government of the United Kingdom "recognises that Scots and Ulster Scots meet the Charter's definition of a regional or minority language". A consequence was the spread of French institutions and social values including Canon law. As he ascended to the throne, he took the Scots Court with him to England, and all of a sudden the individual identity of Scotland was dealt a major blow. Scottish Gaelic contains a number of apparently P-Celtic loanwords, but as Q-Celtic has a far greater overlap with P-Celtic than with English in terms of vocabulary, it is not always possible to disentangle P- and Q-Celtic words. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A Jewish hybrid of the early 20th century is Scots-Yiddish. In one survey , 64 percent of respondents said that Scots was not a language. Millar, Robert McColl ed. Powered by TrueLoaded. From the 13th century Early Scots spread further into Scotland via the burghs , early urban institutions which were first established by King David I. It is widely spoken in the Outer Hebrides , and also in parts of the Inner Hebrides and Scottish Highlands , and by some people in other areas of Scotland. It has even gone so far as the verb Backdatigeadh. Skip to content The census found that over 1. Password forgotten? Mythology and folklore Mythology folklore. In collaboration with Doric Future, watch the creator of the Scots Language News website speak about the reasons why Doric is so important… Read more. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. ScotlandSpeak Writer Ready to learn? You might want to try changing the language on your computer and browser to display websites in Gaelic. For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Scots language was considered inferior to English. In particular, the word srath anglicised as "Strath" is a native Goidelic word, but its usage appears to have been modified by its Brittonic cognate ystrad , whose meaning is slightly different. None of the Brittonic languages of Scotland survive to the modern day, though they have been reconstructed to a degree. All youll need for Scotland today! There are a number of online courses available to learn Scottish Gaelic. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This diversity is often seen as a mark of local pride among Scots. The ancestral Common Brittonic language was probably spoken in southern Scotland in Roman times and earlier. After the twelfth-century reign of King David I and the so-called " Davidian Revolution ", the Scottish monarchs are perhaps better described as Scoto-Norman than Gaelic, often preferring French culture to native Scottish culture. Outline Category Portal. December 8, by Antonia Uri. Main article: Scottish Gaelic. Notecard Wallet My Garden. This will make all your efforts seem well worth it! In the midst of this, Scots became a major talking point in regard to the identity of Scotland. Head to Glasgow and discover the city dialect known as The Patter. Scottish Standard English is the result of language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century. Early medieval legal documents include a body of Gaelic legal and administrative loanwords. Speak Gaelic as much as you can. Turn on the subtitles to help see how the language is translated into English. Mythology and folklore Mythology folklore. The exact distinction is therefore a subjective one, dependent on the user's frame of reference. There are some enthusiasts who are engaged in developing and disseminating a modern form called Nynorn "New Norn" , based upon linguistic analysis of the known records and Norse linguistics in general. The North East differs from Central and Southern dialects when it comes to pronunciation and vocabulary. About This Article. Add to Plan. Old English. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 29, times. Cookie Settings. In total 92, people aged three and over in Scotland had some Gaelic language ability in There is no institutionalised standard variety, but during the 18th century a new literary language descended from the old court Scots emerged. Main article: Pictish language. Main article: Scottish English. Account Form. Languages of a geographic region. Click here. Back Next. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Scottish English. We and our partners use cookies to better understand your needs, improve performance and provide you with personalised content and advertisements. Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0. It has even gone so far as the verb Backdatigeadh. And yet, Scots lives on. Main article: Celtic languages. Picturing Scotland: Lochaber. Skip to content The census found that over 1. They are known collectively as the Insular Celtic languages. ScotlandSpeak Reviews Further information: Goidelic languages. Scotland was still technically independent until the Act of Union , which officially unified England and Scotland, forming the United Kingdom. Eventually Brittonic evolved into a variety known as Cumbric , which survived in southwestern Scotland until around the 11th century. Further information: Brittonic languages. Main article: Scots language. Our office. Already have a trade account with us, and want your web account enabled? To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy. Scottish English. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Norman French was historically used in Scotland, and appears in some mottos as well. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland, made Scots the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland. October 18, by Antonia Uri. Please log in Create customer account. Norn persisted well into the 19th century, as the Faroese linguist Jakob Jakobsen wrote:. According to the census of the United Kingdom, there are about 90, native speakers of Scots. But with the invasion of tribes from the European mainland came linguistic diversity. Self Sufficiency: Foraging for Wild Foods. In spite of that, Scots has not gone away, and it still remains a vital part of the Scottish identity. Norn persisted well into the 19th century, as the Faroese linguist Jakob Jakobsen wrote:. In stock. Main article: Celtic languages. Today, the main language spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. ScotlandSpeak Read Online Otherwise, contact us and ask us to open an account for you. Challenge yourself, go to a village away from English speaking areas to help a lot more with communication. The first section o a twa-pairt coorse in the Scots Leid has gane live on the Open University wabsite the day. Main article: Norn language. Robert Fergusson —, Edinburgh: Nelson, p. Main article: Pictish language. Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0. In spite of that, Scots has not gone away, and it still remains a vital part of the Scottish identity. You might want to try changing the language on your computer and browser to display websites in Gaelic. Log in Facebook. The Viking invasions of the 9th century forced the dialect to split in two and in the north it began to evolve into Scots. Languages of Europe. If you are one of those people then this website is for you, no matter your age, race, political opinions… or anything else! Pictish is usually seen as a Brittonic language but this is not universally accepted. Since Gaelic uses a very different way to pronounce some letters, look for an online dictionary that plays an audio version of the word. At one time, Latin and Ancient Greek were commonly taught in Scottish schools and were required for entrance to the ancient universities until , for Greek, and the s, for Latin [24] , and Scottish Highers are still available in both subjects. Part 2 of The Beurla-reagaird is a Gaelic-based cant of the Scottish travelling community related to the Shelta of Ireland. Toggle Menu.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role and Importance of the Welsh Language in Wales's Cultural Independence Within the United Kingdom
    The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom Sylvain Scaglia To cite this version: Sylvain Scaglia. The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom. Linguistics. 2012. dumas-00719099 HAL Id: dumas-00719099 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00719099 Submitted on 19 Jul 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DU SUD TOULON-VAR FACULTE DES LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES MASTER RECHERCHE : CIVILISATIONS CONTEMPORAINES ET COMPAREES ANNÉE 2011-2012, 1ère SESSION The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom Sylvain SCAGLIA Under the direction of Professor Gilles Leydier Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 WALES: NOT AN INDEPENDENT STATE, BUT AN INDEPENDENT NATION ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Insular Celtic Hypothesis Through Working Towards an Original Phonetic Reconstruction of Insular Celtic
    Mind Your P's and Q's: Revisiting the Insular Celtic hypothesis through working towards an original phonetic reconstruction of Insular Celtic Rachel N. Carpenter Bryn Mawr and Swarthmore Colleges 0.0 Abstract: Mac, mac, mac, mab, mab, mab- all mean 'son', inis, innis, hinjey, enez, ynys, enys - all mean 'island.' Anyone can see the similarities within these two cognate sets· from orthographic similarity alone. This is because Irish, Scottish, Manx, Breton, Welsh, and Cornish2 are related. As the six remaining Celtic languages, they unsurprisingly share similarities in their phonetics, phonology, semantics, morphology, and syntax. However, the exact relationship between these languages and their predecessors has long been disputed in Celtic linguistics. Even today, the battle continues between two firmly-entrenched camps of scholars- those who favor the traditional P-Celtic and Q-Celtic divisions of the Celtic family tree, and those who support the unification of the Brythonic and Goidelic branches of the tree under Insular Celtic, with this latter idea being the Insular Celtic hypothesis. While much reconstructive work has been done, and much evidence has been brought forth, both for and against the existence of Insular Celtic, no one scholar has attempted a phonetic reconstruction of this hypothesized proto-language from its six modem descendents. In the pages that follow, I will introduce you to the Celtic languages; explore the controversy surrounding the structure of the Celtic family tree; and present a partial phonetic reconstruction of Insular Celtic through the application of the comparative method as outlined by Lyle Campbell (2006) to self-collected data from the summers of2009 and 2010 in my efforts to offer you a novel perspective on an on-going debate in the field of historical Celtic linguistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Trusmadoor and Other Cumbrian `Pass' Words
    Trusmadoor and Other Cumbrian `Pass' Words Diana Whaley University of Newcastle Nobody ever sang the praises of Trusmadoor, and it's time someone did. This lonely passage between the hills, an obvious and easy way for man and beast and beloved by wheeling buzzards and hawks, has a strange nostalgic charm. Its neat and regular proportions are remarkable—a natural `railway cutting'. What a place for an ambush and a massacre!1 No ambushes or massacres are promised in the following pages, but it will be argued that the neglected name of Trusmadoor holds excitements of a quieter kind. I will consider its etymology and wider onomastic and historical context and significance, and point to one or possibly two further instances of its rare first element. In the course of the discussion I will suggest alternative interpretations of two lost names in Cumbria. Trusmadoor lies among the Uldale Fells in Cumbria, some five miles east of the northern end of Bassenthwaite Lake (National Grid Reference NY2733). An ascending defile, it runs south-east, with Great Cockup to its west and Meal Fell to the north-east. The top of the pass forms a V-shaped frame for splendid views north over the Solway Firth some twenty miles away. Trusmadoor is a significant enough landscape feature to appear on the Ordnance Survey (OS) One Inch and 1:50,000 maps of the area, yet it is unrecorded, so far as I know, until its appearance on the First Edition Six Inch OS map of 1867. In the absence of early spellings one would normally be inclined to leave the name well alone, a practice followed, intentionally or not, by the editors of the English Place-Name Society survey of Cumberland.2 However, to speakers or readers of Welsh the name is fairly transparent.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Background of the Contact Between Celtic Languages and English
    Historical background of the contact between Celtic languages and English Dominković, Mario Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2016 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:149845 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-27 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Osijek Diplomski studij engleskog jezika i književnosti – nastavnički smjer i mađarskog jezika i književnosti – nastavnički smjer Mario Dominković Povijesna pozadina kontakta između keltskih jezika i engleskog Diplomski rad Mentor: izv. prof. dr. sc. Tanja Gradečak – Erdeljić Osijek, 2016. Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Odsjek za engleski jezik i književnost Diplomski studij engleskog jezika i književnosti – nastavnički smjer i mađarskog jezika i književnosti – nastavnički smjer Mario Dominković Povijesna pozadina kontakta između keltskih jezika i engleskog Diplomski rad Znanstveno područje: humanističke znanosti Znanstveno polje: filologija Znanstvena grana: anglistika Mentor: izv. prof. dr. sc. Tanja Gradečak – Erdeljić Osijek, 2016. J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Teaching English as
    [Show full text]
  • Norn Elements in the Shetland Dialect
    Hugvísindadeild Norn elements in the Shetland dialect A Historical and Linguistic Review B.A. Essay Auður Dagný Jónsdóttir September, 2013 University of Iceland Faculty of Humanities Department of English Norn elements in the Shetland dialect A Historical and Linguistic Review B.A. Essay Auður Dagný Jónsdóttir Kt.: 270172-5129 Supervisors: Þórhallur Eyþórsson and Pétur Knútsson September, 2013 2 Abstract The languages spoken in Shetland for the last twelve hundred years have ranged from Pictish, Norn to Shetland Scots. The Norn language started to form after the settlements of the Norwegian Vikings in Shetland. When the islands came under the British Crown, Norn was no longer the official language and slowly declined. One of the main reasons the Norn vernacular lived as long as it did, must have been the distance from the mainland of Scotland. Norn was last heard as a mother tongue in the 19th century even though it generally ceased to be spoken in people’s daily life in the 18th century. Some of the elements of Norn, mainly lexis, have been preserved in the Shetland dialect today. Phonetic feature have also been preserved, for example is the consonant’s duration in the Shetland dialect closer to the Norwegian language compared to Scottish Standard English. Recent researches indicate that there is dialectal loss among young adults in Lerwick, where fifty percent of them use only part of the Shetland dialect while the rest speaks Scottish Standard English. 3 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 2. The origin of Norn ................................................................................................................. 6 3. The heyday of Norn ............................................................................................................... 7 4. King James III and the Reformation ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Languages in the Post-Primary Curriculum: a Discussion Paper
    Languages in the post-primary curriculum: a discussion paper David Little Centre for Language and Communication Studies Trinity College Dublin Contents Summary 3 1 Introduction 4 2 The current curriculum 6 2.1 Do we have a language curriculum or language curricula? 6 2.2 English 7 2.3 Irish 9 2.4 French, German, Spanish and Italian 10 2.5 Other languages 12 2.6 Issues for discussion 13 3 The language situation in Ireland 15 3.1 Irish 15 3.2 Irish Sign Language 15 3.3 Irish Traveller Cant 17 3.4 “New” languages 17 3.5 Issues for discussion 18 4 The challenge of internationalisation 20 4.1 The international role of English 20 4.2 Ireland’s membership of Europe 20 4.3 Issues for discussion 22 5 The Common European Framework and the European Language Portfolio 23 5.1 Functions, notions, and the communicative approach 23 5.2 The Common European Framework 24 5.3 The European Language Portfolio 26 5.4 Further developments 27 5.5 Issues for discussion 28 6 Trends in language teaching 30 6.1 The “communicative revolution” 30 6.2 The central role of target language use 31 6.3 Learner autonomy and motivation 32 6.4 Immersion programmes 34 6.5 Media and information technologies 34 6.6 Issues for discussion 35 7 Conclusion 36 7.1 Criticisms 36 7.2 Questions 37 7.3 Challenges 38 Appendix 1: The Common Reference Levels – global scale 39 Appendix 2: The Common Reference Levels – self-assessment grid 40 Appendix 3: Complete list of validated European Language Portfolios, validated as of March 2003 41 Appendix 4: Validated European Language Portfolios developed in Ireland 42 2 Summary This discussion paper begins by reviewing the current provision for languages in the post- primary curriculum: English, Irish and foreign languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-Àite Ann an Sgìre Prìomh Bhaile Na Gàidhealtachd
    Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-àite ann an sgìre prìomh bhaile na Gàidhealtachd Roddy Maclean Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area Ainmean-àite ann an sgìre prìomh bhaile na Gàidhealtachd Roddy Maclean Author: Roddy Maclean Photography: all images ©Roddy Maclean except cover photo ©Lorne Gill/NatureScot; p3 & p4 ©Somhairle MacDonald; p21 ©Calum Maclean. Maps: all maps reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland https://maps.nls.uk/ except back cover and inside back cover © Ashworth Maps and Interpretation Ltd 2021. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Design and Layout: Big Apple Graphics Ltd. Print: J Thomson Colour Printers Ltd. © Roddy Maclean 2021. All rights reserved Gu Aonghas Seumas Moireasdan, le gràdh is gean The place-names highlighted in this book can be viewed on an interactive online map - https://tinyurl.com/ybp6fjco Many thanks to Audrey and Tom Daines for creating it. This book is free but we encourage you to give a donation to the conservation charity Trees for Life towards the development of Gaelic interpretation at their new Dundreggan Rewilding Centre. Please visit the JustGiving page: www.justgiving.com/trees-for-life ISBN 978-1-78391-957-4 Published by NatureScot www.nature.scot Tel: 01738 444177 Cover photograph: The mouth of the River Ness – which [email protected] gives the city its name – as seen from the air. Beyond are www.nature.scot Muirtown Basin, Craig Phadrig and the lands of the Aird. Central Inverness from the air, looking towards the Beauly Firth. Above the Ness Islands, looking south down the Great Glen.
    [Show full text]
  • ML 4080 the Seal Woman in Its Irish and International Context
    Mar Gur Dream Sí Iad Atá Ag Mairiúint Fén Bhfarraige: ML 4080 the Seal Woman in Its Irish and International Context The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Darwin, Gregory R. 2019. Mar Gur Dream Sí Iad Atá Ag Mairiúint Fén Bhfarraige: ML 4080 the Seal Woman in Its Irish and International Context. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42029623 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Mar gur dream Sí iad atá ag mairiúint fén bhfarraige: ML 4080 The Seal Woman in its Irish and International Context A dissertation presented by Gregory Dar!in to The Department of Celti# Literatures and Languages in partial fulfillment of the re%$irements for the degree of octor of Philosophy in the subje#t of Celti# Languages and Literatures (arvard University Cambridge+ Massa#husetts April 2019 / 2019 Gregory Darwin All rights reserved iii issertation Advisor: Professor Joseph Falaky Nagy Gregory Dar!in Mar gur dream Sí iad atá ag mairiúint fén bhfarraige: ML 4080 The Seal Woman in its Irish and International Context4 Abstract This dissertation is a study of the migratory supernatural legend ML 4080 “The Mermaid Legend” The story is first attested at the end of the eighteenth century+ and hundreds of versions of the legend have been colle#ted throughout the nineteenth and t!entieth centuries in Ireland, S#otland, the Isle of Man, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, S!eden, and Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Minority Language Rights: the Irish Language and Ulster Scots
    MINORITY LANGUAGE RIGHTS The Irish language and Ulster Scots Briefing paper on the implications of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Convention on Human Rights and other instruments June 2010 © Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission Temple Court, 39 North Street Belfast BT1 1NA Tel: (028) 9024 3987 Fax: (028) 9024 7844 Textphone: (028) 90249066 SMS Text: 07786 202075 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nihrc.org 1 2 CONTENTS page Introduction 5 1. Development of minority language rights in international human rights law 6 1.1 The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 7 1.2 Indigenous languages and the Charter, and obligations relating to ‘non-indigenous’ languages 8 1.3 The Irish language and Ulster Scots 10 2. Duties framework for public authorities 12 2.1 Duties in relation to the Irish language under Part III of the Charter 12 2.2 Policy Objectives and Principles for Irish and Ulster Scots under Part II of the Charter 13 2.3 The Belfast (Good Friday) and St Andrews Agreements 14 2.4 Minority language rights in UN and other Council of Europe instruments, including the European Convention on Human Rights 15 2.5 Duties and the policy development process 17 3. Non-discrimination on grounds of language 18 3.1 Human rights law obligations 18 3.2 Discrimination against English speakers? 19 3.3 Differential treatment of Irish and Ulster Scots 20 3.4 Banning or restricting minority languages 21 4. Positive action: promotion through corporate identity 25 4.1 Promotion of minority languages and the rights of others 25 4.2 Freedom of expression and ‘sensitivities’ 26 Appendix 1: The Charter, Article 10 29 Appendix 2: The Charter, Part II, Article 7 30 3 4 INTRODUCTION The Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (the Commission) is a statutory body created by the Northern Ireland Act 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • K 03-UP-004 Insular Io02(A)
    By Bernard Wailes TOP: Seventh century A.D., peoples of Ireland and Britain, with places and areas that are mentioned in the text. BOTTOM: The Ogham stone now in St. Declan’s Cathedral at Ardmore, County Waterford, Ireland. Ogham, or Ogam, was a form of cipher writing based on the Latin alphabet and preserving the earliest-known form of the Irish language. Most Ogham inscriptions are commemorative (e.g., de•fin•ing X son of Y) and occur on stone pillars (as here) or on boulders. They date probably from the fourth to seventh centuries A.D. who arrived in the fifth century, occupied the southeast. The British (p-Celtic speakers; see “Celtic Languages”) formed a (kel´tik) series of kingdoms down the western side of Britain and over- seas in Brittany. The q-Celtic speaking Irish were established not only in Ireland but also in northwest Britain, a fifth- THE CASE OF THE INSULAR CELTS century settlement that eventually expanded to become the kingdom of Scotland. (The term Scot was used interchange- ably with Irish for centuries, but was eventually used to describe only the Irish in northern Britain.) North and east of the Scots, the Picts occupied the rest of northern Britain. We know from written evidence that the Picts interacted extensively with their neighbors, but we know little of their n decades past, archaeologists several are spoken to this day. language, for they left no texts. After their incorporation into in search of clues to the ori- Moreover, since the seventh cen- the kingdom of Scotland in the ninth century, they appear to i gin of ethnic groups like the tury A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Language in Shetland
    Language in Shetland We don’t know much about Pre-300AD the people of Shetland or Before the Picts The history of their language. Pictish people carve symbols 300AD-800AD language in into stone and speak a ‘Celtic’ Picts language. Shetland Vikings occupy the isles and introduce ‘Norn’. They carve S1-3 800AD-1500AD symbols called ‘runes’ into Vikings stone. The Picts and their language are then wiped out by Vikings. Scotland rule gradually influences life on the islands. The Scottish language 1500AD onwards eventually becomes the Scots prominent language. The dialect Shetlanders Today speak with today contains Us! Scottish and Norn words. 2 THE PICTS Ogham alphabet Some carvings are part of an The Picts spoke a Celtic The Picts lived in mainland alphabet called ‘ogham’. Ogham language, originating from Scotland from around the 6th represents the spoken language of Ireland. Picts may have to the 9th Century, possibly the Picts, by using a ‘stem’ with travelled from Ireland, earlier. Indications of a shorter lines across it or on either Scotland or further afield burial at Sumburgh suggest side of it. to settle on Shetland. that Picts had probably settled in Shetland by There are seven ogham ogham.celt.dias.ie 300AD. inscriptions from Shetland Picts in Shetland spoke one of (including St Ninian’s Isle, The side, number and angle of the the ‘strands’ of the Celtic Cunningsburgh and Bressay) short lines to the stem indicates the language. Picts also carved symbols onto and one from a peat bog in intended sound. Lunnasting. stone. These symbols have been found throughout These symbol stones may Scotland—common symbols have been grave markers, or This inscribed sandstone was dug they may have indicated up from the area of the ancient must have been understood by gathering points.
    [Show full text]
  • Shetland and Orkney Island-Names – a Dynamic Group Peder Gammeltoft
    Shetland and Orkney Island-Names – A Dynamic Group Peder Gammeltoft 1. Introduction Only when living on an island does it become clear how important it is to know one‟s environment in detail. This is no less true for Orkney and Shetland. Being situated in the middle of the North Atlantic, two archipelagos whose land-mass consist solely of islands, holms and skerries, it goes without saying that such features are central, not only to local life and perception, but also to travellers from afar seeking shelter and safe passage. Island, holms and skerries appear to be fixed points in an ever changing watery environment – they appear to be constant and unchanging – also with regard to their names. And indeed, several Scandinavian researchers have claimed that the names of islands constitute a body of names which, by virtue of constant usage and relevance over time, belong among the oldest layers of names (cf. e.g. Hald 1971: 74-75; Hovda 1971: 124-148). Archaeological remains on Shetland and Orkney bear witness to an occupation of these archipelagos spanning thousands of years, so there can be little doubt that these areas have been under continuous utilisation by human beings for a long time, quite a bit longer, in fact, than our linguistic knowledge can take us back into the history of these isles. So, there is nothing which prevents us from assuming that names of islands, holms and skerries may also here carry some of the oldest place-names to be found in the archipelagos. Since island-names are often descriptive in one way or another of the locality bearing the name, island-names should be able to provide an insight into the lives, strategies and needs of the people who eked out an existence in bygone days in Shetland and Orkney.
    [Show full text]