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Engelsk - Svensk ENGELSK - SVENSK ordlista för högskolematematiken Björn Graneli Version 2.0 Björn Graneli Matematikordlista v.2.0 Förord till användarna, version 2.0. De tillägg, förbättringar och rättelser som gjorts i denna upplaga, de flesta med benägen hjälp av uppmärksamma läsare, renderar den beteckningen 2.0. Upplägget och avsikten bakom är fortfarande desamma: att underlätta för studerande vid svenska högskolor att läsa engelska läroböcker, och att bevara en lång tradition av svensk nomenklatur. Ordlistan kan på intet sätt ersätta en allmän ordbok, utan skall ses som ett komplement för ord och uttryck egna för matematikområdet. Urvalet har gjorts för att passa kurslitteraturen i matematikundervisningen främst i de lägre årskurserna (det finns därför också en del uttryck som ej direkt har med matematik att göra) men successivt har termer också från andra områden funnit plats. Ursprungligen utvecklades listan för Robert A. Adams Calculus, och H. Anton, C. Rorres Elementary Linear Algebra, D. A. Lay, Linear algebra, E. Kreyszig Advanced Engineering Mathematics (i begränsad omfattning), samt handboken Beta av L. Råde, B. Westergren. Senare har tillkommit vissa termer från områdena differentialgeometri, vektoranalys, tensoralgebra, operationsanalys. Den kompakta form som eftersträvats tillåter ej att alla betydelser av visst ord medtages. I första hand har de angivits som hör till matematikområdet, och endast i mån av plats också andra. Sökorden är lexikografiskt ordnade och skrivna i fetstil med eventuella förklarande ord tillagda i mager stil. Uttryck har ordnats efter det viktigaste substantivet, men ibland, för att underlätta användningen, har samma uttryck också inordnats efter annat viktigt ord. Där sökord står utan förklarande sammanhang markeras adjektiv med ett föregående be, verbet med infinitivmärket to utsatt. Ibland görs åtskillnad mellan transitiv och intransitiv betydelse hos verb som brukas i båda formerna. Där det varit särskilt motiverat, har viss användning hos ett ord eller uttryck förtydligats genom utfyllnad av vanliga sammanhang inom [hakparentes]. Kommentarer och förklaringar står inom vanlig (parentes). Prepositionsuttryck och sammansatta uttryck ordnas i förekommande fall efter huvudordet. Sammansatta uttryck bör i första hand sökas på substantiv, därefter verb. Ord av teknisk-vetenskaplig natur har medtagits i den omfattning de förekommer i de nämnda läroböckerna. Ord av mera allmän betydelse förklaras om de ingår i uttryck typiska för matematikområdet, liksom vissa ord som till form eller betydelse skulle kunna förväxlas med matematiktermer. Ord som har både matematisk och allmän betydelse står på skilda rader med markering för fackordet (mat). Där det ibland kan synas att självklarheter medtagits, som när formen är identisk på engelska och svenska, så är det för att särskilt betona att det svenska uttrycket verkligen är som angivits. Begrepp som saknar direkt motsvarighet i svenskan har översatts med lämpligt uttryck. Försiktiga försök till nyskapelser markeras med asterisk. Brittisk engelsk stavning och amerikansk har angivits där de skiljer sig åt. Ibland angives inom parentes beteckning för matematiskt fackområde som sökordet närmast hör till. Så t.ex. finns begreppet karakteristisk ekvation både som characteristic equation (LA), och som auxiliary equation (DE). Flera personer har beredvilligt bidragit med synpunkter på ordlistans utformning, och lämnat förslag på översättningar av termer utan svensk motsvarighet. Stort tack till er alla. En vädjan: Arbetet med ordlistan pågår fortlöpande. Användarna ombedes kritiskt märka sakfel, tvetydigheter och andra svagheter, och att framföra dessa till [email protected]. Björn Graneli – II – Björn Graneli Matematikordlista v.2.0 Svenska förkortningar allm = allmän betydelse; fr = från; omr = område; astr = astronomisk term; fys = fysikterm; paral = parallella; avb = avbildning; geom = geometriterm; pkt = punkt; bet = betyder, -else; hållf = hållfasthetslära; pl = pluralis; bf = böjningsformer; jmf = jämför; sing = singularis; bild = även bildlig betydelse; jur = juridisk term; sjö = sjöterm; dat = datorterm; kem = kemiterm; smh = sammanhang; diffekv = differentialekvation; lingv = språkvetenskap; sms = sammansättning; eg = egentligen; m = med; spec = speciell(-t); ekv = ekvation; mat = matem betydelse; tekn = teknisk term; el = eller; med = medicinsk term; ung = ungefärlig betydelse; enh = enhet (mått); mm = med mera; utt = uttal, uttalas; etc = et cetera; mots = motsatt; vap = vapenteknisk term; f = för; ngn = någon; zoo = zoologiterm; fkn = funktion; ngt = något; äv = även; flyg = flygteknisk term; o = och; Engelska förkortningar eq = equation; sth = something; transf = transformation; fcn = function; Th = theorem; Allmänna symboler * allm. accepterad svensk översättning saknas; ~ upprepningstecken för det föregående ordet; → se angivet sökord; † olämplig term eller uttryckssätt; = annat likvärdigt ord/uttryck F vardagligt uttryck; ⊥ vinkelrät [mot]; Beteckningar för matematiska fackområden (AL) algebra (DK) differentialkalkyl (LA) linjär algebra (AN) allmän analys (GT) grafteori (OA) operationsanalys (DE) differentialekvationer (IK) integralkalkyl (ST) statistik (DG) differentialgeometri (KA) komplex analys (VA) vektoranalys Allmänna beteckningar för språkligt ursprung Am amerikansk engelska Fr franska It italienska Ar arabiska Gk grekiska L latin E brittisk engelska Hb hebreiska Sv svenska Viktigare källor (för matematisk terminologi på svenska) Hyltén-Cavallius, Sandgren, Analys I och II; Bergendal, Brinck Lineär algebra I och II; Andersson mfl. (LTU), Linjär algebra med geometri; H. Gask Ordinära differentialekvationer; Hanner, Lineär algebra och geometri; Thompson, Martinsson Matematiklexikon. – III – Björn Graneli Matematikordlista v.2.0 to achieve uppnå, lyckas A to acquaint bekanta sig med to acquire förvärva, vinna, uppnå to abbreviate sammandraga, be actual faktisk, verklig avkorta, förkorta actuary försäkringsmatematiker abbreviation förkortning, sammandrag to actuate påverka, sätta i rörelse Abel’s theorem Abels kontinuitetssats acute angle spetsig vinkel Abelian [group] Abelsk [grupp] addition addition (mat), summation ability förmåga, styrka, skicklighet addition tillägg, tillsats above uppåt the addition formulas additionsteoremen be above ovanför [för trigonometriska fkn] bounded above uppåt begränsad [talföljd] in addition dessutom abscindere (L) avskära in addition to så väl som abscissae abskissa, ”x-axel”, additional ytterligare, därutöver (av abscindere L) ”x-värde”, oberoende adjacent anslutande, närliggande variabel (AN) to adjoin utöka, lägga till absolute adjoint [of] matrix adjungerad matris convergence absolut konvergens in advance i förväg absolute maximum → maximum advantage fördel absolute minimum → minimum be advantageous fördelaktig absolute value [of a] absolutbeloppet, modulen, advice råd numeriska värdet [av a] to advise råda, informera absolute value of z beloppet av [komplexa to affect påverka, angripa, (z complex number) talet] z föregiva, låtsa absolute value bars absolutbeloppssymbolen, affine transformation affin avbildning absolutvärdesstreck (|a|) to agree överenskomma, absolute value [överens-]stämma function absolutbeloppsfunktionen agreement överensstämmelse absolutely convergent absolut konvergent be airborne luftburen, vara i luften [infinite series, [oändlig serie, integral] aircraft luftfarkost, flygmaskin integral] (plan, raket, ballong mm) abstract sammanfattning (sing och plural) be abstract abstrakt, ej påtaglig airframe skrov hos luftfarkost acceleration airfoil bäryta (flyg) of gravity tyngdaccelerationen aleph alef (Hb bokst ℵ) to accomplish uppnå aleph-null alef noll accord överensstämmelse be alert [for] vara på sin vakt [mot] according to enligt, i enlighet med algebra algebra, symbolisk räkning accordingly sålunda, följaktligen (av al-jabr (Ar)) savings account sparkonto, bankkonto algebraic dimension algebraisk dimension on account of på grund av algebraic function algebraisk funktion take into account medräkna, taga hänsyn till algorithm algoritm, räkneföreskrift to accumulate hopa, ansamla allowable [operation] tillåten [operation] accumulation point hopningspunkt (AN) alpha alfa (Gk bokst: Α, α) = cluster point alter ändra, förändra = limit point alternate alternativ, ersättning accuracy noggrannhet be alternate omväxlande, motstående, five decimal place med fem decimalers varannan accuracy noggrannhet to alternate byta ordning, omväxla accurate noggrann alternate angles alternernatvinklar evaluate accurately bestäm med tre korrekta alternately omväxlande, to three decimal decimaler i tur och ordning places alternating series alternerande serie – 1 – Björn Graneli Matematikordlista v.2.0 The alternating to appear framträda, förefalla series test Leibniz’ sats application tillämpning alternative val, alternativ applied mathematics tillämpad matematik be alternative → alternate to apply tillämpa, använda, ansöka although fastän to apply an operator använda en operator altitude höjd [över havet], djup to a function på en funktion be ambiguous tvetydig, oklar, oviss approach tillvägagångssätt, be amenable tillgänglig, medgörlig, förfarande underkastad to approach närma sig amount belopp, mängd to approach infinity gå mot oändligheten Ampère’s as x approaches a när x går mot a circuital law Ampères kretslag reverse approach omvända förfarandet amplitude utslag, amplitud, omfång appropriate lämplig, passande be analogous liknande, likartad to approve godkänna, bekräfta the analogue of motsvarigheten
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