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Dictionary of Mathematics Dictionary of Mathematics English – Spanish | Spanish – English Diccionario de Matemáticas Inglés – Castellano | Castellano – Inglés Kenneth Allen Hornak Lexicographer © 2008 Editorial Castilla La Vieja Copyright 2012 by Kenneth Allen Hornak Editorial Castilla La Vieja, c/o P.O. Box 1356, Lansdowne, Penna. 19050 United States of America PH: (908) 399-6273 e-mail: [email protected] All dictionaries may be seen at: http://www.EditorialCastilla.com Sello: Fachada de la Universidad de Salamanca (ESPAÑA) ISBN: 978-0-9860058-0-0 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the author Kenneth Allen Hornak. Reservados todos los derechos. Quedan rigurosamente prohibidos la reproducción de este libro, el tratamiento informático, la transmisión de alguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, por fotocopia, por registro u otros medios, sin el permiso previo y por escrito del autor Kenneth Allen Hornak. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among those who have favoured the author with their selfless assistance throughout the extended period of compilation of this dictionary are Andrew Hornak, Norma Hornak, Edward Hornak, Daniel Pritchard and T.S. Gallione. Without their assistance the completion of this work would have been greatly delayed. AGRADECIMIENTOS Entre los que han favorecido al autor con su desinteresada colaboración a lo largo del dilatado período de acopio del material para el presente diccionario figuran Andrew Hornak, Norma Hornak, Edward Hornak, Daniel Pritchard y T.S. Gallione. Sin su ayuda la terminación de esta obra se hubiera demorado grandemente. TABLE OF CONTENTS English - Spanish Dictionary, A - Z Spanish - English Dictionary, A - Z Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations Appendix of tables ÍNDICE DE MATERIAS Diccionario Inglés - Castellano, A - Z Diccionario Castellano - Inglés, A - Z Glosario de siglas y abreviaturas Apéndice de tablas PREFACE Mathematics, the exact science par excellence, surrounds us at every turn. The mighty expanse of our largest bridges is only made possible through precise mathematical calculations. We witness mathematical order and the most exact geometric symmetry in the delicate intricacy of the tiniest snowflake. Through the ages the study of mathematics has engendered a wealth of complex terminology. The Dictionary of Mathematics aims to serve as an effective bridge between English and Spanish for students and professionals of mathematics all over the world. As with all specialized dictionaries published by Editorial Castilla La Vieja, the dictionary is rife with contextual usage examples of many of the entries. The reader should be aware that compound words with a hyphen have been alphabetized as if they were single words without the hyphen. Thus, the entry "delta-ring" appears between "deltahedron" and "deltoid". We shall gratefully receive suggestions that anyone may have to contribute for a future revised edition. If this dictionary proves to be an indispensable aid for both English and Spanish mathematicians, statisticians, translators and students of mathematics everywhere, we shall have fully achieved our goal. Kenneth Allen Hornak PROEMIO Las matemáticas, la ciencia exacta por excelencia, nos rodea por doquier. La imponente majestuosidad de nuestros grandes puentes sólo es posible mediante los cálculos matemáticos más precisos. Presenciamos el orden matemático y la simetría geométrica más exacta en el exquisito y delicado encaje que representa cada diminuto copo de nieve. El estudio de las matemáticas a lo largo de los siglos ha engendrado una terminología rica y multifacética. El Diccionario de Matemáticas aspira a servir de enlace entre estas dos formidables lenguas para el beneficio de los estudiantes y los profesionales alrededor del mundo que tengan interés en las matemáticas. Al igual que todos los diccionarios especializados de Editorial Castilla La Vieja, el presente diccionario cuenta con numerosos ejemplos de uso que ilustran el contexto de los artículos. Al consultar esta obra el lector deberá tener presente que las palabras compuestas separadas por guiones han sido alfabetizadas como si se tratara de una sola palabra sin guión. De modo que el término "delta-ring" figura entre "deltahedron" y "deltoid". Agradeceremos toda sugerencia que pueda sernos útil en la preparación de una futura edición revisada. Si el presente diccionario constituye un auxiliar inseparable de todo matemático, estadístico, traductor y estudiante de las matemáticas de habla castellana e inglesa y de los aficionados a los estudios matemáticos en general, habremos logrado a plenitud nuestro propósito. Kenneth Allen Hornak ΑΓΕΩΜΕΤΡΗΤΟΣ ΜΗΔΕΙΣ ΕΙΣΙΤΩ Let no one ignorant of geometry enter here (written over Plato’s Academy) ENGLISH – SPANISH INGLÉS – CASTELLANO α-level set conjunto de nivel α a posteriori estimate estimación a posteriori a posteriori probability (also called: empirical probability) probabilidad a posteriori, probabilidad empírica a priori estimate estimación a priori a priori probability (also called: mathematical probability) probabilidad a priori, probabilidad matemática abac (also called: alignment chart, nomogram) el nomograma abacist el abacista abacus (pl. abacuses or abaci) ábaco Abbott’s formula (statistics) fórmula de Abbott abc conjecture conjetura abc Abel summability sumabilidad de Abel Abel theorem el teorema de Abel Abel transform transformada de Abel Abel transformation transformación de Abel Abel’s identity identidad de Abel Abel’s inequality desigualdad de Abel Abel’s integral equation ecuación integral de Abel Abel’s lemma el lema de Abel Abel’s problem el problema de Abel Abel’s test prueba de Abel Abel’s theorem el teorema de Abel Abelian categories categorías abelianas Abelian differential diferencial abeliana Abelian domain dominio abeliano Abelian equation ecuación abeliana Abelian extension extensión abeliana Abelian field campo abeliano Abelian function función abeliana Abelian group grupo abeliano, grupo conmutativo Abelian integral integral abeliana Abelian ring anillo abeliano Abelian theorems teoremas abelianos Abelian variety variedad abeliana Abhyankar’s conjecture conjetura de Abhyankar Ablowitz-Ramani-Segur conjecture conjetura de Ablowitz-Ramani-Segur about its rotation axis alrededor de su eje de rotación above absolute zero a few degrees above absolute zero unos grados sobre el cero absoluto above freezing at temperatures above freezing a temperaturas por encima de la de la congelación abscissa (pl. abscissae) la abscisa The first number of an ordered pair is called the “abscissa of the point,” and it is the directed distance from the y axis to the point. The second number in the pair is the “ordinate of the point,” and it represents the directed distance from the x axis to the point. Al primer número de un par ordenado se le llama “abscisa” del punto y es la distancia dirigida del eje y al punto. Al segundo número del par se le llama “ordenada del punto” y es la distancia dirigida del eje x al punto. abscissa of absolute convergence abscisa de convergencia absoluta abscissa of convergence abscisa de convergencia absolute convergence convergencia absoluta absolute coordinates coordenadas absolutas absolute deviation (statistics) (also called: average deviation) desviación absoluta absolute differential calculus (also called: tensor analysis) cálculo diferencial absoluto, el análisis tensorial absolute dispersion (statistics) dispersión absoluta absolute error error absoluto absolute frequency (statistics) frecuencia absoluta absolute geometry geometría absoluta absolute inequality desigualdad absoluta absolute magnitude magnitud absoluta absolute mean deviation desviación media absoluta absolute moment momento absoluto absolute number número absoluto absolute value valor absoluto absolute value of a complex number valor absoluto de un número complejo absolute value of a real number valor absoluto de un número real absolute value of a vector valor absoluto de un vector absolute zero (-273.15ºC or -459.65ºF) cero absoluto absolutely continuous function función absolutamente continua absolutely continuous measure medida absolutamente continua absolutely monotonic function función absolutamente monótona absorbing set conjunto absorbente absorbing state estado absorbente absorbing subset subconjunto absorbente absorption laws of absorption (intersection of a union of two sets) las leyes de fusión absorption property propiedad de absorción abstract (to) abstraer A mathematician abstracts when he recognizes that the numbers 9, 39 and 300 can all be divided by 3. Un matemático abstrae cuando reconoce que los números 9, 39 y 300 son divisibles por 3. abstract algebra álgebra abstracta abstract geometry geometría abstracta abstract group grupo abstracto abstract line of reasoning línea de razonamiento abstracta abstract mathematics matemática abstracta abstract number número abstracto Abstract of the History of Logic (work of Scholz) Manual de la historia de la lógica abstract space espacio abstracto abstraction and proof la abstracción y la demostración Abu al-Wafa (mediaeval Arab mathematician) Abú al-Wafa abundance matrices (statistics) (in ecological investigations) las matrices de abundancia abundant number número abundante acalculia acalculia acceleration aceleración acceleration due to gravity aceleración debida a la gravedad acceptable
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