DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of the Speeches in Herodotus' Histories With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of the Speeches in Herodotus' Histories With 1 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND LATIN RESHAPING HERODOTEAN RHETORIC A study of the speeches in Herodotus’ Histories with special attention to books 5-9 VASILIKI ZALI Thesis submitted to the University College of London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London March 2009 2 DECLARATION I, Vasiliki Zali, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 3 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the speeches in Herodotus’ Histories, especially in books 5-9, with reference to overriding narrative themes like the self-other polarity (Greeks vs. barbarians/Persians), the themes of freedom and free speech, the relation of speech to power and authority, and the fragility of the Greek coalition. The thesis has a double aim. First, it seeks to present Herodotean rhetoric as an idiosyncratic system, which not only borrows and reworks traditional and contemporary components in a new form, so that they underpin broader narrative themes, but which also influences Thucydidean rhetoric and later rhetorical developments. Second, it investigates the extent to which Herodotean rhetoric can be used to re-evaluate Herodotus’ narrative technique and to challenge the model of dialogism ascribed to the Histories. Chapter 1 sheds light on the problematic representation of both Greek and Persian debate in the Histories. It demonstrates the dangerous and slippery nature of rhetoric in circumstances where the Greeks lack pan-Hellenic aspirations, with individualistic tendencies leading the way. The following two chapters turn to more specific speech genres, alliance speeches and pre-battle speeches. Through examination of examples of scheming rhetoric, dubious motives and power struggles, chapter 2 demonstrates the difficulty of achieving unity among the Greeks, while chapter 3 unveils the relative character of a type of exhortation which is partly stripped of lofty intentions, reflecting the delicate balance of the relationships between the Greeks. Both chapters 2 and 3 problematize the self-other distinction. Chapter 4 considers examples used in speeches and shows how they represent the circumlocutory nature of rhetoric in both Persia and Greece, as well as the slender Greek alliance. Chapter 5 looks at the implications of allotting speech to individuals and ethnic groups for the self-other distinction, the Greek coalition, and the relation of speech to power and authority. 4 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 ABBREVIATIONS 8 NOTE ON TEXT AND TRANSLATIONS 10 INTRODUCTION 11 1. Previous work on speeches and the contribution of this study 13 2. Terminology 15 3. Contextualizing Herodotus 24 4. Justifying the scope of the analysis: major themes and contemporary historical context 31 5. Structure of the discussion 34 CHAPTER 1: DEBATES 38 1.1 Between Thucydides and Homer 39 1.2 Greece 40 1.3 Persia 58 1.4 Conclusion: problematization of debate and Herodotean dialogism 77 CHAPTER 2: ALLIANCE SPEECHES 79 2.1 Definition and generic features 79 2.2 Sketching out the lines of the analysis 80 2.3 Herodotean topoi 81 2.4 Earlier and later literature 89 2.5 Case studies 91 2.6 Conclusion 112 CHAPTER 3: PRE-BATTLE SPEECHES 113 3.1 Discussion of the genre 113 5 3.2 Literary overview 116 3.3 Herodotus 119 3.4 Harangues and Herodotean narrative 147 3.5 Conclusion 149 CHAPTER 4: PARADIGMATIC SPEECHES 150 4.1 Literary overview 151 4.2 Herodotus 156 4.3 Conclusion 188 CHAPTER 5: ALLOCATION OF SPEECH 189 5.1 Alternation between direct and indirect speech modes 190 5.2 Silence 195 5.3 Greeks vs. Persians 225 5.4 Conclusion: Herodotean dialogism revisited 227 CONCLUSION 229 APPENDIX 1: CATALOGUE OF GREEK AND PERSIAN DEBATES (BOOKS 5-9) 232 APPENDIX 2: MAXIMS AND PROVERBS 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis, the product of long and scrupulous research into the playful and illusive world of Herodotean rhetoric, is by no means an isolated creation. Many people, both colleagues and friends, helped in different but equally important ways to the completion of this study. It gives me great pleasure to have at last the opportunity to thank them. The greatest thanks goes to Professor Simon Hornblower, my primary supervisor and most valuable advisor. All these years he has been correcting numerous drafts of chapters and of the complete thesis, with an unfailing eye and unique patience – and, I must say, very rapidly indeed. His scholarly expertise, his invaluable guidance and his constructive and challenging comments helped me to deeply appreciate Herodotus the artist and find novel and rewarding ways to explore the Histories. His open-mindedness, kindness of character, remarkable energy and inexhaustible enthusiasm have been a constant inspiration for me. I have been taught a lot by his insistence on the correctness of language and expression as well as his attention to detail. His support, mentoring and encouragement have been priceless. I do not have the luxury of space to elaborate further on all I have gained from my working with him. The best proof of my gratitude and appreciation for him is the acknowledgement that he has been the most decisive factor of my academic development. Studying with him has been an honour and, without exaggeration, a real blessing. I am also very grateful to Professor Chris Carey, my second supervisor, who comprehensively went through the final draft of the thesis as well as previous drafts of several chapters. Notwithstanding his immense workload, he sacrificed generously his limited free time to discuss with me various questions and problems of concept and structure. His critical eye and shrewd comments helped me to refine my arguments and saved me from vagueness and inconsistencies. I consider myself very lucky to have studied close to him. I would also like to thank the following people for useful comments on individual chapters: Mr. Alan Griffiths (chapter 1), Dr. Elton Barker, Tutor and Lecturer in Classics at the University of Oxford (chapter 5), and Ioannis Konstantakos, Assistant Professor of Classics at the University of Athens (chapter 5). 7 I am equally thankful to Leslie Goldmann, Adam Goldwyn, Charlotte Greenacre, Ed Sanders and Rafael Schiel, all of whom kindly offered to read through various chapters and improve my English idiom and correctness of expression. For any mistakes there may still remain at the level of both conception and expression I am solely responsible. I am deeply indebted to the A. G. Leventis Foundation, which was interested by my research, trusted in my academic potential and kindly offered to fund my project in the past few years. The UCL Alumni Scholarship 2006/07 also enabled me to carry on with my research and I should like to express my gratitude to the sponsors. Vassilis Lendakis, Assistant Professor of Classics at the University of Athens, also deserves a profound thanks. He offered to supervise my Master’s Dissertation and suggested a subject which allowed me to examine Herodotus vis-à-vis Thucydides and become familiar with all the relevant problems, current theories and up-to-date bibliography. His guidance, counsels and humanity have helped me immensely at academic and personal level, both during my Master and my Ph.D. degrees. A sincere thanks from the bottom of my heart goes to the people who supported me on the personal side. Dr. Alexandros Androulidakis, Sylvia Georgiadou, Skevi Georgiou, Eleni Katsae, Akis Kechagias, Dimitra Kokkini and Rafael Schiel, all stood by me in good and bad times, and, over several cups of coffee or over the phone, shared – or sometimes even patiently tolerated – my thoughts, my anxieties and my complaints. Their support has been invaluable from the beginning to the very end. Finally, this enterprise would not have been plausible if it had not been for all the help of my family. There are no words adequate enough to express how thankful I am to my mother, Orsalia, and my two younger sisters, Pagona and Maria. They embraced and encouraged my decision to undertake this degree and they have been a source of unfailing emotional support and love over all these years. This study is dedicated to them, as well as to the memory of my father. 8 ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations of ancient authors and their works are mainly these used in OCD3. Abbreviations of journal titles follow the system of L’Année Philologique. In addition to these, the subsequent abbreviations are used: BE J. Robert and L. Robert, Bulletin Épigraphique in RÉG 86 (1973) FGE D.L. Page (ed.), Further Greek Epigrams (Cambridge 1981) Hude C. Hude, Herodoti Historiae (Oxford 19273) LGPN II S. G. Byrne and M. J. Osborne (eds.), Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, vol. II: Attica (Oxford 1994) LGPN III.A P. M. Fraser and E. Matthews (eds.), Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, vol. III.A: The Peloponnese, Western Greece, Sicily and Magna Graecia (Oxford 1997) LSJ H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, With a Revised Supplement, rev. by H. S. Jones (Oxford 19969) OCD3 S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 20033 [revised]) PMG D. L. Page (ed.), Poetae Melici Graeci (Oxford 1962) Powell J. E. Powell, A Lexicon to Herodotus (Cambridge 1938) Radermacher L. Radermacher, Artium scriptores (Wien 1951) RE A. Pauly, G. Wissowa and W. Kroll (eds.), Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Stuttgard 1893-1980) 9 Spengel L. Spengel, Rhetores Graeci, vol. II (Lipsiae 1854) Stein H. Stein, Herodotus (Berlin 19016) Usener/ H. Usener and L. Radermacher (ed.), Dionysii Halicarnasei Radermacher Opuscula (Lipsiae 1899-1929) West M. L. West (ed.), Delectus ex Iambis et Elegis Graecis (Oxford 1980) 10 NOTE ON TEXT AND TRANSLATIONS I cite Herodotus by the Oxford Classical Text (OCT) of C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Who Freed Athens? J
    Ancient Greek Democracy: Readings and Sources Edited by Eric W. Robinson Copyright © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd The Beginnings of the Athenian Democracv: Who Freed Athens? J Introduction Though the very earliest democracies lildy took shape elsewhere in Greece, Athens embraced it relatively early and would ultimately become the most famous and powerful democracy the ancient world ever hew. Democracy is usually thought to have taken hold among the Athenians with the constitutional reforms of Cleisthenes, ca. 508/7 BC. The tyrant Peisistratus and later his sons had ruled Athens for decades before they were overthrown; Cleisthenes, rallying the people to his cause, made sweeping changes. These included the creation of a representative council (bode)chosen from among the citizens, new public organizations that more closely tied citizens throughout Attica to the Athenian state, and the populist ostracism law that enabled citizens to exile danger- ous or undesirable politicians by vote. Beginning with these measures, and for the next two centuries or so with only the briefest of interruptions, democracy held sway at Athens. Such is the most common interpretation. But there is, in fact, much room for disagree- ment about when and how democracy came to Athens. Ancient authors sometimes refer to Solon, a lawgiver and mediator of the early sixth century, as the founder of the Athenian constitution. It was also a popular belief among the Athenians that two famous “tyrant-slayers,” Harmodius and Aristogeiton, inaugurated Athenian freedom by assas- sinating one of the sons of Peisistratus a few years before Cleisthenes’ reforms - though ancient writers take pains to point out that only the military intervention of Sparta truly ended the tyranny.
    [Show full text]
  • Artaxerxes II
    Artaxerxes II John Shannahan BAncHist (Hons) (Macquarie University) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University. May, 2015. ii Contents List of Illustrations v Abstract ix Declaration xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Conventions xv Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 THE EARLY REIGN OF ARTAXERXES II The Birth of Artaxerxes to Cyrus’ Challenge 15 The Revolt of Cyrus 41 Observations on the Egyptians at Cunaxa 53 Royal Tactics at Cunaxa 61 The Repercussions of the Revolt 78 CHAPTER 2 399-390: COMBATING THE GREEKS Responses to Thibron, Dercylidas, and Agesilaus 87 The Role of Athens and the Persian Fleet 116 Evagoras the Opportunist and Carian Commanders 135 Artaxerxes’ First Invasion of Egypt: 392/1-390/89? 144 CHAPTER 3 389-380: THE KING’S PEACE AND CYPRUS The King’s Peace (387/6): Purpose and Influence 161 The Chronology of the 380s 172 CHAPTER 4 NUMISMATIC EXPRESSIONS OF SOLIDARITY Coinage in the Reign of Artaxerxes 197 The Baal/Figure in the Winged Disc Staters of Tiribazus 202 Catalogue 203 Date 212 Interpretation 214 Significance 223 Numismatic Iconography and Egyptian Independence 225 Four Comments on Achaemenid Motifs in 227 Philistian Coins iii The Figure in the Winged Disc in Samaria 232 The Pertinence of the Political Situation 241 CHAPTER 5 379-370: EGYPT Planning for the Second Invasion of Egypt 245 Pharnabazus’ Invasion of Egypt and Aftermath 259 CHAPTER 6 THE END OF THE REIGN Destabilisation in the West 267 The Nature of the Evidence 267 Summary of Current Analyses 268 Reconciliation 269 Court Intrigue and the End of Artaxerxes’ Reign 295 Conclusion: Artaxerxes the Diplomat 301 Bibliography 309 Dies 333 Issus 333 Mallus 335 Soli 337 Tarsus 338 Unknown 339 Figures 341 iv List of Illustrations MAP Map 1 Map of the Persian Empire xviii-xix Brosius, The Persians, 54-55 DIES Issus O1 Künker 174 (2010) 403 333 O2 Lanz 125 (2005) 426 333 O3 CNG 200 (2008) 63 333 O4 Künker 143 (2008) 233 333 R1 Babelon, Traité 2, pl.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Library of Liberty: the Dialogues of Plato, Vol. 1
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, vol. 1 [387 AD] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Herodotus, Xerxes and the Persian Wars IAN PLANT, DEPARTMENT of ANCIENT HISTORY
    Herodotus, Xerxes and the Persian Wars IAN PLANT, DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT HISTORY Xerxes: Xerxes’ tomb at Naqsh-i-Rustam Herodotus: 2nd century AD: found in Egypt. A Roman copy of a Greek original from the first half of the 4th century BC. Met. Museum New York 91.8 History looking at the evidence • Our understanding of the past filtered through our present • What happened? • Why did it happen? • How can we know? • Key focus is on information • Critical collection of information (what is relevant?) • Critical evaluation of information (what is reliable?) • Critical questioning of information (what questions need to be asked?) • These are essential transferable skills in the Information Age • Let’s look at some examples from Herodotus’ history of the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC • Is the evidence from: ― Primary sources: original sources; close to origin of information. ― Secondary sources: sources which cite, comment on or build upon primary sources. ― Tertiary source: cites only secondary sources; does not look at primary sources. • Is it the evidence : ― Reliable; relevant ― Have I analysed it critically? Herodotus: the problem… Succession of Xerxes 7.3 While Darius delayed making his decision [about his successor], it chanced that at this time Demaratus son of Ariston had come up to Susa, in voluntary exile from Lacedaemonia after he had lost the kingship of Sparta. [2] Learning of the contention between the sons of Darius, this man, as the story goes, came and advised Xerxes to add this to what he said: that he had been born when Darius was already king and ruler of Persia, but Artobazanes when Darius was yet a subject; [3] therefore it was neither reasonable nor just that anyone should have the royal privilege before him.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coinage of Akragas C
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia 6:1 STUDIA NUMISMATICA UPSALIENSIA 6:1 The Coinage of Akragas c. 510–406 BC Text and Plates ULLA WESTERMARK I STUDIA NUMISMATICA UPSALIENSIA Editors: Harald Nilsson, Hendrik Mäkeler and Ragnar Hedlund 1. Uppsala University Coin Cabinet. Anglo-Saxon and later British Coins. By Elsa Lindberger. 2006. 2. Münzkabinett der Universität Uppsala. Deutsche Münzen der Wikingerzeit sowie des hohen und späten Mittelalters. By Peter Berghaus and Hendrik Mäkeler. 2006. 3. Uppsala universitets myntkabinett. Svenska vikingatida och medeltida mynt präglade på fastlandet. By Jonas Rundberg and Kjell Holmberg. 2008. 4. Opus mixtum. Uppsatser kring Uppsala universitets myntkabinett. 2009. 5. ”…achieved nothing worthy of memory”. Coinage and authority in the Roman empire c. AD 260–295. By Ragnar Hedlund. 2008. 6:1–2. The Coinage of Akragas c. 510–406 BC. By Ulla Westermark. 2018 7. Musik på medaljer, mynt och jetonger i Nils Uno Fornanders samling. By Eva Wiséhn. 2015. 8. Erik Wallers samling av medicinhistoriska medaljer. By Harald Nilsson. 2013. © Ulla Westermark, 2018 Database right Uppsala University ISSN 1652-7232 ISBN 978-91-513-0269-0 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345876 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345876) Typeset in Times New Roman by Elin Klingstedt and Magnus Wijk, Uppsala Printed in Sweden on acid-free paper by DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2018 Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.uu.se, [email protected] The publication of this volume has been assisted by generous grants from Uppsala University, Uppsala Sven Svenssons stiftelse för numismatik, Stockholm Gunnar Ekströms stiftelse för numismatisk forskning, Stockholm Faith and Fred Sandstrom, Haverford, PA, USA CONTENTS FOREWORDS .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict?
    Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict? Maria Natasha Ioannou Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy Discipline of Classics School of Humanities The University of Adelaide December 2012 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ III Declaration........................................................................................................... IV Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. V Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1. Overview .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Background and Context ................................................................................. 1 3. Thesis Aims ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Thesis Summary .............................................................................................. 4 5. Literature Review ............................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Cyprus Considered .......................................................................... 14 1.1 Cyprus’ Internal Dynamics ........................................................................... 15 1.2 Cyprus, Phoenicia and Egypt .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sage Is , Based Pressure E Final Out- Rned by , : Hearts, Could Persuade
    Xerxes' War 137 136 Herodotus Book 7 a match for three Greeks. The same is true of my fellow Spartans. fallen to the naval power of the invader. So the Spartans would have They are the equal of any men when they fight alone; fighting to­ stood alone, and in their lone stand they would have performed gether, they surpass all other men. For they are free, but not entirely mighty deeds and died nobly. Either that or, seeing the other Greeks free: They obey a master called Law, and they fear this master much going over to the Persians, they would have come to terms with more than your men fear you. They do whatever it commands them Xerxes. Thus, in either case, Greece would have been subjugated by the Persians, for I cannot see what possible use it would have been to to do, and its commands are always the same: Not to retreat from the fortify the Isthmus if the king had had mastery over the sea. battlefield even when badly outnumbered; to stay in formation and either conquer or die. So if anyone were to say that the Athenians were saviors of "If this talk seems like nonsense to you, then let me stay silent Greece, he would not be far off the truth. For it was the Athenians who held the scales in balance; whichever side they espoused would henceforth; I spoke only under compulsion as it is. In any case, sire, I be sure to prevail. It was they who, choosing to maintain the freedom hope all turns out as you wish." of Greece, roused the rest of the Greeks who had not submitted, and [7.105] That was Demaratus' response.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century BC Athens by Christopher Scott Welser BA, Sw
    Dēmos and Dioikēsis: Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century B.C. Athens By Christopher Scott Welser B.A., Swarthmore College, 1994 M.A., University of Maryland, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. May, 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Christopher Scott Welser This dissertation by Christopher Scott Welser is accepted in its present form by the Department of Classics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date________________ _______________________________________ Adele C. Scafuro, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Alan L. Boegehold, Reader Date________________ _______________________________________ David Konstan, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Christopher Scott Welser was born in Romeo, Michigan in 1971. He attended Roeper City and Country School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and in 1994 he graduated from Swarthmore College, earning an Honors B.A. in Economics (his major) and Biology (his minor). After working for several years at public policy research firms in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, he decided to pursue the study of Classics, an interest of his since childhood. Upon earning an M.A. with Distinction in Latin and Greek from the University of Maryland at College Park in 1999, he enrolled in the Ph.D. program in Classics at Brown University. While working on his Ph.D., he spent two years as Seymour Fellow (2002-2003) and Capps Fellow (2004-2005) at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and participated in the summer program of the American Academy in Rome (2000).
    [Show full text]
  • THE SANCTUARY at EPIDAUROS and CULT-BASED NETWORKING in the GREEK WORLD of the FOURTH CENTURY B.C. a Thesis Presented in Partial
    THE SANCTUARY AT EPIDAUROS AND CULT-BASED NETWORKING IN THE GREEK WORLD OF THE FOURTH CENTURY B.C. A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Pamela Makara, B.A. The Ohio State University 1992 Master's Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Timothy Gregory Dr. Jack Ba I cer Dr. Sa u I Corne I I VITA March 13, 1931 Born - Lansing, Michigan 1952 ..... B.A. in Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 1952-1956, 1966-Present Teacher, Detroit, Michigan; Rochester, New York; Bowling Green, Ohio 1966-Present ............. University work in Education, Art History, and Ancient Greek and Roman History FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Studies in Ancient Civi I izations: Dr. Timothy Gregory and Dr. Jack Balcer i i TABLE OF CONTENTS VITA i i LIST OF TABLES iv CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 I I. ANCIENT EPIDAUROS AND THE CULT OF ASKLEPIOS 3 I II. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI DECREES 9 IV. EPIDAURIAN THEOROI 21 v. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTIONS 23 VI. AN ARGIVE THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 37 VII. A DELPHIC THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 42 VIII. SUMMARY 47 END NOTES 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 APPENDICES A. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS 58 B. ARGIVE THEARODOKO I I NSCR I PT I ON 68 C. DELPHIC THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 69 D. THEARODOKO I I NSCR I PT IONS PARALLELS 86 iii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Thearodoko i I nscr i pt ions Para I I e Is •••••••••••• 86 iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Any evidence of I inkage in the ancient world is valuable because it clarifies the relationships between the various peoples of antiquity and the dealings they had with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict in the Peloponnese
    CONFLICT IN THE PELOPONNESE Social, Military and Intellectual Proceedings of the 2nd CSPS PG and Early Career Conference, University of Nottingham 22-24 March 2013 edited by Vasiliki BROUMA Kendell HEYDON CSPS Online Publications 4 2018 Published by the Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies (CSPS), School of Humanities, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. © Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies and individual authors ISBN 978-0-9576620-2-5 This work is ‘Open Access’, published under a creative commons license which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to the authors, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form and that you in no way alter, transform or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without express permission of the authors and the publisher of this volume. Furthermore, for any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/csps TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. i THE FAMILY AS THE INTERNAL ENEMY OF THE SPARTAN STATE ........................................ 1-23 Maciej Daszuta COMMEMORATING THE WAR DEAD IN ANCIENT SPARTA THE GYMNOPAIDIAI AND THE BATTLE OF HYSIAI .............................................................. 24-39 Elena Franchi PHILOTIMIA AND PHILONIKIA AT SPARTA ......................................................................... 40-69 Michele Lucchesi SLAVERY AS A POLITICAL PROBLEM DURING THE PELOPONESSIAN WARS ..................... 70-85 Bernat Montoya Rubio TYRTAEUS: THE SPARTAN POET FROM ATHENS SHIFTING IDENTITIES AS RHETORICAL STRATEGY IN LYCURGUS’ AGAINST LEOCRATES ................................................................................ 86-102 Eveline van Hilten-Rutten THE INFLUENCE OF THE KARNEIA ON WARFARE ..........................................................
    [Show full text]