Corrugated Paperboard
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Effects of Moisture on the Biaxial Strength of Wood-Based Composites
EFFECTS OF MOISTURE ON THE BIAXIAL STRENGTH OF WOOD-BASEDCOMPOSITES J. C. Suhling* J.M. Considine ** K. C. Yeh* * Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University Auburn, AL36849-5341 ** U.S.D.A. Forest Products Laboratory One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison,WI 53705-2398 ABSTRACT applications such as corrugated containers where it is subjected to complicated biaxial stress states, In the present work, the effects of moisture on including shear. At present, lack of accurate the biaxial strength of wood-based composite materials constitutive relations and reliable strength has been examined. Experiments have been performed on predictions under biaxial loading and variable paperboard to measure the uniaxial and biaxial input environments hampers analysis of such problems. parameters of the tensor polynomial criterion at Therefore, it has been common practice in the paper several levels of relative humidity. With these data, industry to use trial and error, and empirical the dependence of the zero shear biaxial failure approaches for optimizing the designs of paperboard envelope on humidity level has been predicted and products. The current lack of technology limits trends have been observed. creative design improvements which could curtail the excess use of materials and energy. Accurate predictions of material strength under 1. INTRODUCTION general biaxial normal loading plus shear are needed by the design engineer when considering typical Unlike laminated fiber-reinforced composite structural applications of paperboard. Examples of materials, paper (paperboard) is a multiphase important current applications where biaxial stress composite composed of moisture, fibers, voids, and states exist in paperboard include the quality control possibly chemical additives. The fibers in paperboard burst test (bulged plate), material handling are typically organic with cellulose fibers from wood operations during the papermaking process, and stacked being the chief material. -
Understanding Matboard
FRAMING FUNDAMENTALS by Jared Davis, MCPF, GCF Understanding Matboard Being the best frame shop in your area starts with the best products. atboard is a fundamental compo- Mnent of almost every framed pic- ture. However, understanding the vast range of information and choices avail- able in matboards can be daunting. In this article, I aim to provide some useful insights about matboard to help you to dispel some of the myths and decipher some of the facts about this vital aspect of our profession. The two primary purposes for matboard that the introduction of a matboard can in- Different grades of matboard are are to provide protection for the artwork and crease both the size and level of value in the designed for to enhance the framing design. sale of a frame. different appli- cations. Under- 1) Protect. The last consumer survey con- standing which choice to make is ducted by the Professional Picture Fram- How Matboard is Made important to both ers Association found that the num- Matboards are comprised of layers of pa- your customer and your business. ber-one reason why a consumer chose to per of various thickness, laminated together. custom frame an artwork was to protect The papers and core of a matboard are made the item. Preservation, clearly, is of prima- from either unpurified wood pulp, purified al- ry importance to your customer. pha-cellulose wood pulp, or in the case of mu- 2) Enhance. A matboard can help the view- seum-grade board, cotton linter pulp. er to focus correctly on the image. -
Cardboard and Brown Paper Bags Office Paper, Newspaper, Junk Mail, Magazines, and Catalogs
Recycling Center 801 Diamond Valley Drive Open: Daily to the public during daylight hours This guide will help you properly prepare your recyclable materials for drop-off at the Town of Windsor Recycle Center. This is a drop-off facility. It does not have a buy-back option and is for use by residents and small businesses. Following this information will help maintain the facility and the recycling program for the benefit of the community. IMPORTANT… • Do not leave your recyclables in plastic bags. Plastic bags are NOT recyclable! • The plastic item must be a BOTTLE or JAR. with a #1 or #2 on the bottom. • 99 percent of these will have a screw-on plastic lid (which isn’t recyclable). • Plastic containers with a #3 - #7 on the bottom are NOT acceptable. • Tubs, buckets, deli plates, microwave/fast food trays, wrappers, Styrofoam, toys, patio furniture, etc. are NOT acceptable. • Plastic bottles larger than 2.5 gallons are NOT acceptable. • Syringes and other medical supplies are NOT acceptable. Cardboard and Brown Paper Bags Corrugated cardboard is easy to recognize. It is made of paper and has an arched layer called “fluting” between smooth sheets called “liners”. The drop-off site has two 40-yard hydraulic compactor units for collecting corrugated cardboard and brown paper bags. The compaction system is self-activated by depositing the prepared materials into a six-inch tall slot. Flatten boxes. Cut or tear large boxes into sections no larger than 4 feet by 4 feet to prevent jamming the machine. No wet, waxed-coated or food-contaminated boxes. -
Decreased Wet Strength in Retorted Liquid Packaging Board Master of Science Thesis in the Master Degree Programme Materials and Nanotechnology
Decreased Wet Strength in Retorted Liquid Packaging Board Master of Science thesis in the Master Degree Programme Materials and Nanotechnology MARIA GUNNARSSON Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Organic chemistry CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Report No. 2012:001 Decreased wet strength in retorted liquid packaging board Master of Science Thesis MARIA GUNNARSSON SUPERVISOR: Gunnar Westman EXAMINER: Gunnar Westman Department of Chemical and Biological engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden, 2012 Decreased wet strength in retorted liquid packaging board MARIA GUNNARSSON ©MARIA GUNNARSSON, 2012 Report no 2012:001 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone +46 (0)31-7721000 Cover: The Tetra Recart packaging. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Decreased wet strength in retorted liquid packaging board Maria Gunnarsson Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Organic Chemistry CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT The Tetra Recart is a retortable food packaging, suitable for high viscous products, making it able to replace most food cans used for storage of food today. The packaging is built up by a paperboard, consisting of an unbleached bottom layer and a bleached top layer. Polymers and aluminium further cover the paperboard in order to protect the food against moisture and light, causing degradation. During the retorting process, the packaging develops a certain wet strength making it hard to disintegrate the pulp fibres in the board. The phenomenon of the developed wet strength is of high interest when inventing and developing new packaging materials. To investigate why and how the phenomenon occurs, a series of trials were made through production of laboratory sheets with subsequent disintegration. -
The EMA Guide to Envelopes and Mailing
The EMA Guide to Envelopes & Mailing 1 Table of Contents I. History of the Envelope An Overview of Envelope Beginnings II. Introduction to the Envelope Envelope Construction and Types III. Standard Sizes and How They Originated The Beginning of Size Standardization IV. Envelope Construction, Seams and Flaps 1. Seam Construction 2. Glues and Flaps V. Selecting the Right Materials 1. Paper & Other Substrates 2. Window Film 3. Gums/Adhesives 4. Inks 5. Envelope Storage 6. Envelope Materials and the Environment 7. The Paper Industry and the Environment VI. Talking with an Envelope Manufacturer How to Get the Best Finished Product VII. Working with the Postal Service Finding the Information You Need VIII. Final Thoughts IX. Glossary of Terms 2 Forward – The EMA Guide to Envelopes & Mailing The envelope is only a folded piece of paper yet it is an important part of our national communications system. The power of the envelope is the power to touch someone else in a very personal way. The envelope has been used to convey important messages of national interest or just to say “hello.” It may contain a greeting card sent to a friend or relative, a bill or other important notice. The envelope never bothers you during the dinner hour nor does it shout at you in the middle of a television program. The envelope is a silent messenger – a very personal way to tell someone you care or get them interested in your product or service. Many people purchase envelopes over the counter and have never stopped to think about everything that goes into the production of an envelope. -
FAQ About Recycling Cartons
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT CARTONS WHAT IS A CARTON? » Cartons are a type of packaging for food and beverage products you can purchase at the store. They are easy to recognize and are available in two types—shelf-stable and refrigerated. Shelf-stable cartons (types of products) Refrigerated (types of products) » Juice » Milk » Milk » Juice » Soy Milk » Cream » Soup and broth » Egg substitutes » Wine You will find these You will find these products in the chilled products on the shelves sections of grocery stores. in grocery stores. WHAT ARE CARTONS MADE FROM? » Cartons are mainly made from paper in the form of paperboard, as well as thin layers of polyethylene (plastic) and/or aluminum. Shelf-stable cartons contain on average 74% paper, 22% polyethylene and 4% aluminum. Refrigerated cartons contain about 80% paper and 20% polyethylene. ARE CARTONS RECYCLABLE? » Yes! Cartons are recyclable. In fact, the paper fiber contained in cartons is extremely valuable and useful to make new products. WHERE CAN I RECYCLE CARTONS? » To learn if your community accepts cartons for recycling, please visit RecycleCartons.com or check with your local recycling program. HOW DO I RECYCLE CARTONS? » Simply place the cartons in your recycle bin. If your recycling program collects materials as “single- stream,” you may place your cartons in your bin with all the other recyclables. If your recycling program collects materials as “dual-stream” (paper items together and plastic, metal and glass together), please place cartons with your plastic, metal and glass containers. WAIT, YOU JUST SAID CARTONS ARE MADE MAINLY FROM PAPER. Don’t I WANT TO PUT THEM WITH OTHER PAPER RECYCLABLES? » Good question. -
Basics of Kraft Pulping
Lignin Wood is composed of many chemical components, primarily extractives, carbohydrates, and lignin, which are distributed nonuniformly as the result of anatomical structure. Lignin is derived from the Latin term lignum, which means wood.1 Anselme Payen (1838) was the first to recognize the composite nature of wood and referred to a carbon- rich substance as the “encrusting material” which embedded cellulose in the wood. Schulze (1865) later defined this encrusting material as lignin. Lignin has been described as a random, three-dimensional network polymer comprised of variously linked phenylpropane units.2 Lignin is the second most abundant biological material on the planet, exceeded only by cellulose and hemicellulose, and comprises 15-25% of the dry weight of woody plants. This macromolecule plays a vital role in providing mechanical support to bind plant fibers together. Lignin also decreases the permeation of water through the cell walls of the xylem, thereby playing an intricate role in the transport of water and nutrients. Finally, lignin plays an important function in a plant’s natural defense against degradation by impeding penetration of destructive enzymes through the cell wall. Although lignin is necessary to trees, it is undesirable in most chemical papermaking fibers and is removed by pulping and bleaching processes. 1.1.1 Biosynthesis Plant lignins can be broadly divided into three classes: softwood (gymnosperm), hardwood (angiosperm) and grass or annual plant (graminaceous) lignin.3 Three different phenylpropane units, or monolignols, are responsible for lignin biosynthesis.4 Guaiacyl lignin is composed principally of coniferyl alcohol units, while guaiacyl-syringyl lignin contains monomeric units from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol. -
4 Ways to Reduce Secondary Packaging Costs by Replacing Pre-Printed Corrugated Boxes with Direct Carton Marking WHITE PAPER
4 Ways to Reduce Secondary Packaging Costs by Replacing Pre-Printed Corrugated Boxes with Direct Carton Marking WHITE PAPER 4 Ways to Reduce Secondary Packaging Costs by Replacing Pre-Printed Corrugated Boxes with Direct Carton Marking Introduction Virtually ubiquitous as the standard for secondary Instead, most shippers attempt to analyze their outbound packaging of products around the world, boxes made of order fulfillment data and stock keeping unit (SKU) profiles corrugated fiberboard are anything but standard when it to determine the carton dimension(s) their shipments comes to the variety of styles and sizes. Although regular most commonly require. Depending on this information, slotted containers (RSCs) are the most commonly used style operations may elect to maintain a pre-printed box of box, they are offered in more than 1,300 different sizes. inventory anywhere from five to 50 (or more) different carton sizes. That broad range of available sizes makes it possible for shippers to most closely match the internal box dimensions Offered as a more cost-effective alternative to stocking to the size of its contents. For financial reasons particularly pre-printed corrugated boxes, direct carton marking with the recent movement of parcel shippers from weight- employs high-resolution inkjet printers to imprint text, based to dimension and weight (DIM Weight) charges it graphics and barcodes directly onto each box as needed. makes the most sense to package items for shipment in This white paper explains how direct carton marking a box sized to minimize empty space inside the carton. technology works and outlines the four ways a shipper can Otherwise, to protect the product(s) inside from shock, reduce costs by replacing pre-printed boxes with direct vibration, compression or other factors, the empty space carton marking. -
Corrugated Board Structure: a Review M.C
ISSN: 2395-3594 IJAET International Journal of Application of Engineering and Technology Vol-2 No.-3 Corrugated Board Structure: A Review M.C. Kaushal1, V.K.Sirohiya2 and R.K.Rathore3 1 2 Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering Department, Gwalior Institute of Information Technology,Gwalior, Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering 3 Departments, Gwalior Engineering College, Gwalior, M. Tech students Maharanapratap College of Technology, Gwalior, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Corrugated board is widely used in the packing industry. The main advantages are lightness, recyclability and low cost. This makes the material the best choice to produce containers devoted to the shipping of goods. Furthermore examples of structure design based on corrugated boards can be found in different fields. Structural analysis of paperboard components is a crucial topic in the design of containers. It is required to investigate their strength properties because they have to protect the goods contained from lateral crushing and compression loads due to stacking. However in this paper complete and detailed information are presented. Keywords: - corrugated boards, recyclability, compression loads. Smaller flutes offer printability advantages as well as I. INTRODUCTION structural advantages for retail packaging. Corrugated board is essentially a paper sandwich consisting of corrugated medium layered between inside II. HISTORY and outside linerboard. On the production side, corrugated In 1856 the first known corrugated material was patented is a sub-category of the paperboard industry, which is a for sweatband lining in top hats. During the following four sub-category of the paper industry, which is a sub-category decades other forms of corrugated material were used as of the forest products industry. -
The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1997 The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard Angelo N. Melchiorre Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Melchiorre, Angelo N., "The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard" (1997). Master's Theses. 4929. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4929 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE REPULPING OF WET-STRENGTH PAPERBOARD by Angelo N. Melchiorre A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Science Department of Paper and Printing Science and Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1997 Copyright by AngeloN. Melchiorre 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to my mother Rosemary, my sister Doreen, my wifeClaudia and my son Andres' for their emotional and financial support throughout my collegiate career: and to my committee members Professor Dr. Brian Scheller, Dr. Ellsworth Schriver and Dr. David Peterson for their advice and guidance throughout this project. Special thanks to Dr. Raja Aravamuthan and Barb Valenski, for their advice, encouragement and support. Lastly, I would like to thank Todd Fytczyk and the pilot plant fortheir assistance. Angelo N. Melchiorre 11 TIIE REPULPINGOF WET-STRENGTH PAPERBOARD Angelo N. -
The Use of Old Corrugated Board in the Manufacture of High Quality White Papers
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Paper Engineering Senior Theses Chemical and Paper Engineering 12-1983 The Use of Old Corrugated Board in the Manufacture of High Quality White Papers Rene H. Kapik Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/engineer-senior-theses Part of the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Kapik, Rene H., "The Use of Old Corrugated Board in the Manufacture of High Quality White Papers" (1983). Paper Engineering Senior Theses. 209. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/engineer-senior-theses/209 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Paper Engineering at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paper Engineering Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact wmu- [email protected]. THE USE OF OLD CORRUGATED BOARD IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH QUALITY WHITE PAPERS by Rene' H. Kapik A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirements for The Bachelor of Science Degree Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December, 1983 ABSTRACT Clean corrugated board waste was fractionated into its softwood/ hardwood fiber components, repulped using a kraft pulping process, and bleached using a CEHD bleaching sequence in an effort to produce high brightness fiber suitable for use in medium to high quality white paper. The papers produced had almost equivalent mechanical strengths and opacity, but possessed unsatisfactory brightness and cleanliness when compared to commercially manufactured,:. bleached kraft pulps of identical softwood/hardwood contents. Based on this experimental data, the use of recycled fiber from corrugated board as a fiber substitute in the manufacture of high quality printing and writing papers is not recommended due to its inferior brightness and cleanliness. -
Paper and Board Packaging Recyclability Guidelines
FOR THE FU IGN TU ES R D E PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES Helping retailers and brands specify and design packaging that can be reprocessed in paper mills 2 PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES 3 CONTENTS PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING RECYCLABILITY GUIDELINES Paper is a sustainable, renewable and ecologically sound choice for packaging DE because almost all paper and board is recyclable. In practice, the recyclability of 4 Plastic SIG packaging products will be determined by composition and design, and the way N they are collected and presented for reprocessing. The vast majority of paper- based products are easily recyclable. 8 Coatings FO R Paper recycling in the UK is a success story, with over 80% of paper and board 9 Peelable Solutions T packaging recovered for recycling. Paper for Recycling (PfR) is collected primarily H for use in manufacturing processes and is used as an alternative to virgin materials e.g. wood pulp. When presented it should therefore be of adequate quality and 10 Varnishes and Curable Varnishes E Recyclability of paper-based packaging economically viable to use. F As society evolves, different applications are found for paper and board which 11 Adhesives U sometimes require changes to its functionality. This is often achieved by combining 11 Alternative Barriers T the fibre substrate with another material to form a composite multi-layer laminate, U providing properties such as water resistance or a gas barrier to extend product life. These changes provide challenges for recycling, and in many instances can R 97% 12 Paper Products 3% increase the costs of reprocessing and of waste disposal.