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The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard

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The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1997 The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard Angelo N. Melchiorre Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Melchiorre, Angelo N., "The Repulping of Wet-Strength Paperboard" (1997). Master's Theses. 4929. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4929 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE REPULPING OF WET-STRENGTH PAPERBOARD by Angelo N. Melchiorre A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Science Department of Paper and Printing Science and Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1997 Copyright by AngeloN. Melchiorre 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to my mother Rosemary, my sister Doreen, my wifeClaudia and my son Andres' for their emotional and financial support throughout my collegiate career: and to my committee members Professor Dr. Brian Scheller, Dr. Ellsworth Schriver and Dr. David Peterson for their advice and guidance throughout this project. Special thanks to Dr. Raja Aravamuthan and Barb Valenski, for their advice, encouragement and support. Lastly, I would like to thank Todd Fytczyk and the pilot plant fortheir assistance. Angelo N. Melchiorre 11 TIIE REPULPINGOF WET-STRENGTH PAPERBOARD Angelo N. Melchiorre, M.S. Western MichiganUniversity, 1997 Beverage carrier paperboard containing the polyamide wet-strength resin is one type of fiber that is presently landfilled. In this study, it was repulped at a 15% consistency and a pH of 10 at 150° F. in a z-bar mixer. Hydrogen peroxide (HP), ammonium perswulfate (AP), sodium persulfate (SP) and dimethyldioxirane (DIYID) were used during repulping. The HP was added at 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0%, based on 0 .D. weight of the fiber. The remaining chemicals were added at the same oxidation equivalent. During repulping, the pulp was screened using a Britt Jar to determine percent yield over time. Samples were taken every 15 minutes for 2.25 hours. The voltage and amperes were also recorded for each run. The remaining pulp was screened and refined at 0, 15,000, and 18,000 revolutions with a PFI mill. Handsheets were made and tested for tensile and tear. At 2.35% level, the DMD produced the highest percent yield of 92.13%, and the persulfates had a yield of 84.80%. HP provided the smallest yield of 78.63% at a level of 5.0%. At 120-135 minutes using a low level of HP, the chemical made no impact compared to the no chemical runs. The no chemical runs had the highest tensile values, followed by HP, AP, DMD and lastly, SP. The highest tear values were at 18,000 revolutions forthe low level of AP. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................. 11 LIST OF TABLES............... ············································································ Vil LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... lX CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... II. ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE .......................................................... .. 7 Wet-Strength Resins.................................................................... 7 Urea- Formaldehyde ............................................................ 7 Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins.......................................... 12 Polyameric Amine/ Amide-Epichlorohydrin........................ 16 Glyoxalated Polyacrylamide ................................................. 20 Mechanism to Impart Wet-Strength ..................................... 24 Factors AffectingAcid-Curing Wet-Strength Resins............ 28 Factors AffectingAlkaline-Curing Wet-Strength Resins ....... 31 Recovery of Broke.............................................................. .,..,.., ., Wet-Strength Identification................................................. 34 Factors InfluencingRep ulping............................................. 36 U-F and M-F Resin Broke Recovery................................... 37 PAE Resin Broke Recovery................................................ 39 lll Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Non-Chlorine Repulping Aids....................................................... 41 P AMG Resin Broke Recovery...................................................... 43 Chemistry Overview..................................................................... 43 Dimethyldioxirane................................................................ 43 Hydrogen Peroxide .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 III. STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM AND SIGNIFICANCE................ 46 IV. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.......................................................... 48 V. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN................................................................. 49 Overview...................................................................................... 49 Outline......................................................................................... 49 VI. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY................................................. 51 Preparation of Paperboard and Z-bar Mixer.................................. 51 Repulping of the Paperboard . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3 Screening of the Pulp.................................................................... 54 Screening, Refiningand Testing of the Pulp.................................. 54 Statistical Analysis........................................................................ 5 5 List ofEquipment......................................................................... 55 VII. RESUL TS AND DISCUSSION............................................................ 56 Properties of the Beverage Carrier Paperboard . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 IV Table ofContents-Continued CHAPTER Repulping..................................................................................... 56 Reproducibility of the Process . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 8 Energy Input................................................................................ 59 Percent Accepted Material Reliability........................................... 59 Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide........................................................ 62 Effect of Ammonium Persulfate.................................................... 6 7 Effect of Sodium Persulfate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71 Effectof DMD. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 Levels of Charge ............�............................................................. 80 Effect of Screening on the Pulp..................................................... 85 Effect of Refining on the Pulp....................................................... 85 VIII. CONCLUSI ONS ...................... .. .. ... ...... ............................. ..... .......... 96 IX. RECOMMENDATIONSFOR FURTHERSTUDY ............................. 99 APPENDICES A. Raw Materials . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100 B. Stock Preparation.................................................................................. l 02 C. Addition ofHydrogen Peroxide............................................................. 104 D. Addition of the Persulfates.................................................................... 106 E. Addition ofDimethyldioxirane............................................................... 108 V Table of Contents-Continued APPENDICES F. Repulping of the Paperboard .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 110 G. Screening of the Paperboard.................................................................. 113 H. Beverage Carrier Properties, Energy Values and Run Conditions........... 115 I. Tabulated Data forthe Chemicals.......................................................... 123 J. CSF, Tensile and Tear Values ............................................................... 134 K. ANOVATables forChemicals .............................................................. 154 LITERATURE CITED..................................................................................... 159 VI LIST OF TABLES l. Typical Porperties of Urea-Formaldehyde Wet-Strength Resin................... 8 2. Typical Porperties of Melamine -Formaldehyde Wet-Strength Resin.......... 13 3. Typical Properties of PAE Resins.............................................................. 18 4. Typical Properties of the PAMG Resin....................................................... 21 5. Run Conditions.......................................................................................... 52 6. Mathematical Values. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 8 7. Mean Energy Values. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 8. Average Percent Yield for the No Chemical Run...................................... 61 9. Average Percent Yield forHy drogen Peroxide Runs................................... 63 10. Experimental Dunnett Values forH.P. ....................................................... 64 11. Experimental
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