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Terminology on Paper & Pulp: Types of Paper and Containerboard, Containerboard Grades and Tests

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Terminology on Paper & Pulp: Types of Paper and Containerboard, Containerboard Grades and Tests Terminology On Paper & Pulp: Types of Paper and Containerboard, Containerboard Grades and Tests Prepared for the Meeting of the Paper & Pulp Industry Project By Aselia Urmanbetova Date: September 10, 2001 1 Paper Products Chart: Containerboard Tree/Waste Paper Pulp Paper Paperboard Brown Coated Uncoated (container- board) Brown (65% White (95%- Copying Paper Newsprint hardwood and 100% 35% softwood) softwood) White Tissue (paperboard package) SBS (Solid Boxboard Bleach Sulfate) Coated Uncoated 2 Examples of Containerboard Grades/Mead Corporation: (Refer to the Glossary for the Explanation of the Terms) Standard Grades Grade Basis Weight Moisture Ring Crush Concora 26 SC 26.0 9.0 N/A 63 30 SC 30.0 9.0 50 68 33 SC 33.0 9.0 60 72 36 SC 36.0 9.0 71 79 40 SC 40.0 9.0 82 79 45 SC 45.0 9.0 102 95 Light Weights Grade Basis Weight Moisture Porosity Concora STFI 18 SC 18.0 7.5 30 33 9.5 20 SC 20.0 7.5 30 35 10.5 23 SC 23.0 9.0 30 59 12.0 Polar Chem Grade Basis Weight Moisture Ring Crush Concora Wet Mullen 30 PC 30.0 9.0 50 68 4.0 33 PC 33.0 9.0 60 72 4.0 36 PC 36.0 9.0 71 79 4.0 40 PC 40.0 9.0 82 79 4.0 45 PC 45.0 9.0 102 95 4.0 3 Paper Products and Containerboard Glossary B Flute A flute that is approximately 0.097 inches high. There are 47 ± 3 flutes per foot. Base Paper (Body Stock) The base stock for plain or decorated coated papers and boards. It may be uncoated or precoated on the paper machine. It is also used in connection with industrial papers before they are treated. Because it can usually be custom made and has a variety of uses, it cannot be described as containing certain amounts of any particular kind of pulp nor is there any way to refer to weights and colors. Basis Weight (pound/ream, or pound/1000ft2) A measurement of mass per unit of area that is expressed in pounds per thousand square feet. Basis weight is used to describe linerboard, corrugating medium, and boxes. The weight, in pounds, of a ream of paper, usually consisting of 480, 500, or 1000 sheets of specified size as stated in definition of the basic size for the specified grade. The standard ream size varies with different grades of paper according to trade practices. As a general reference, sometimes the weights are converted and expressed as the weight of an arbitrary standard ream of 500 sheets, 24 by 36 inches. Bliss Machine A corrugated case erecting machine which glues two small end panels to a main body. C Flute A flute that is approximately 0.142 inches high. There are 39 ± 3 flutes per foot. Coated Paper Any paper, which has been coated. This term covers a wide range of qualities, basis weights, and uses. Combo Bins, Jumbo Boxes, Bulk Bins or Bulk Boxes Bulk boxes can hold and ship products weighing up to several thousand pounds. Common products packed in bulk boxes are meats, resins, powders, furniture, automotive parts and any bulk shipment. Common styles, which can be produced in a wide range of sizes, include square, rectangular and octagon. Compression Strength A corrugated box's resistance to uniformly applied external forces. Top-to-bottom compression strength is related to the load a container may encounter when stacked. End-to-end or side-to-side compression may also be of interest for particular applications. Construction Paper Sheathing paper, roofing, floor covering, automotive, sound proofing, industrial, pipe covering, refrigerator, and similar felts. Containerboard Solid fibre or corrugated and combined board used in the manufacture of shipping containers and related products. Also the component materials used in fabrication of corrugated board and solid fibre combined board. The raw materials used to make containerboard may be virgin cellulose fiber, recycled fiber, or a combination of both. Chipboard A paperboard used for many purposes that may or may not have specifications of strength, color, or other characteristics. It is normally made from a paper stock with a relatively low density in thickness of .006 of an inch and up. Corrugated Container A box, its most common form, is manufactured from containerboard - layers of linerboard and one layer of medium. The layers are combined on a corrugator, a machine that presses corrugations into the medium and laminates a layer of linerboard to each side. The sheets are folded, printed, and glued or stapled to make a finished box. There are four common types of corrugated containerboard: single face, single-wall, double-wall, and triple-wall. Corrugating Medium A paperboard used by corrugating plants to form the corrugated or fluted component in making corrugated combined board, corrugated wrapping, and the like. It is usually made from chemical or semichemical wood pulps, straw, or reclaimed paper stock on cylinder or fourdrinier machines. Corrugator The machine that unwinds two or more continuous sheets of containerboard from rolls, presses flutes into the sheet(s) of corrugating medium, applies adhesive to the tips of the flutes and affixes the sheet(s) of linerboard to form corrugated board. The continuous sheet of board may be slit to desired widths, cut off to desired lengths and scored in one direction Cotton Fiber Paper that contains 25% or more cellulose fibers derived from lint cotton, cotton linters and cotton or linen cloth cuttings. Sometimes flax is used in place of linen cuttings. The term is used interchangeably with rag content and cotton content papers. Cover Paper Any wide variety of fairly heavy plain or embellished papers, which are converted into, covers for books, catalogs, brochures, pamphlets, etc. It is a specific coated or uncoated grade made from chemical wood pulps, and/or cotton pulps. Good folding qualities, printability, and durability characterize it. 4 Curtain Coating A method to coat corrugated board on one or both sides with a hot-melt wax blend. Cylinder Paper Machine One of the principal types of papermaking machines, characterized by the use of wire-covered cylinders or molds, on which a web is formed. These cylinders may be partially immersed and rotated in vats containing a dilute stock suspension or may be equipped with a headbox or other apparatus for distributing the fibers. The pulp fibers are formed into a sheet on the mold as the water drains through, leaving the fibers on the cylinder face. The wet sheet is couched off the cylinder onto a felt, which is held against the cylinder by a couch roll. A cylinder machine may consist of one or several cylinders, each supplied with the same or with different kinds of stock. In the case of a multi-cylinder machine, the webs are successively couched one upon the other before entering the press section. This permits wide latitude in thickness or weight of the finished sheet, as well as in the kind of stock used for the different layers of the sheet. The press section and the dry end of the machine are essentially the same as those of other types of machines. Deinking A process in which most of the ink, filler and other extraneous material are removed from printed and/or unprinted recovered paper. The result is a pulp which can be used, along with varying percentages of wood pulp, in the manufacture of new paper, including printing, writing and office papers as well as tissue. Die Cut Die Cuts are corrugated that has been processed through a machine that uses flat or rotary steel rule dies to perforate, cut and otherwise stamp out a part that cannot be produced by a conventional slotting press. Digester A cylindrical or spherical vessel used to treat cellulosic materials with chemicals under elevated pressure and temperature, so as to produce pulp for papermaking. Direct Print Also known as post print, is when printing is performed after the containerboard is combined and cut into corrugated sheets. Double-Wall Three flat facings of linerboard, one glued to each side of two corrugated mediums. E Flute A flute that is approximately 0.062 inches high. There are 90 ± 4 flutes per foot. Edge Crush Test (ECT) The amount of force needed to crush on-edge combined board. This is a primary factor in predicting the compression strength of the completed box. This is a common test performed on finished boxes, which may have to meet minimum edge crush values. Flexo Folder Gluer A type of converting equipment found in a box plant. The flexo folder-gluer can print and cut corrugated board into box blanks. In addition, the flexo folder-gluer applies glue to the blanks, folds them into knocked-down boxes, and bundles and stacks them. Fourdrinier Paper Machine Named after its sponsor, with its modifications and the Cylinder machine, comprise the machines normally employed in the manufacture of all grades of paper and board. The fourdrinier machine, for descriptive purposes, may be divided into four sections: the wet end, the press section, the drier section, and the calender section. In the wet end, the pulp or stock flows from a headbox through a slice onto a moving endless belt of wire cloth, called the fourdrinier wire or wire, of brass, bronze, stainless steel, or plastic. The wire runs over a breast roll under or adjacent to the headbox, over a series of tube or table rolls or more recently drainage blades, which maintain the working surface of the wire in a plane and aid water removal.
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