Leafing Through History
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Plants for Landscapes
Plus 10 Water-Saving Tips for your Garden your for Tips Water-Saving 10 Plus 5 Printed on recycled paper recycled on Printed © 2014 San Diego County Water Authority Water County Diego San 2014 © sdbgarden.org sdbgarden.org thegarden.org tted landscape that looks beautiful and saves water. saves and beautiful looks that landscape tted retrofi or new a for ideas get Landscapes ese gardens are excellent places to to places excellent are gardens Th ese Cajon. El in Garden Conservation Water the and Encinitas Many of the plants in this guide are labeled and on display at the San Diego Botanic Garden in in Garden Botanic Diego San the at display on and labeled are guide this in plants the of Many 0 WaterSmartSD.org Plants for for Plants Nifty agencies member 24 its and hese Nift y 50 plants have been selected because they are attractive, T oft en available in nurseries, non-invasive, easy to maintain, long- term performers, scaled for residential landscapes and, once estab- lished, drought-tolerant. In fact, these plants thrive in San Diego’s semi- arid climate and can help restore regional authenticity to your home. What’s exciting is that authentic also means sustainable. Plants native to Mediterranean climate zones love it here as much as you do. Th ey adapted over thousands of years, and the animal species that depend on them for food and habitat adapted, too. In fact, there are thousands of ground cov- ers, grasses, succulents, perennials, shrubs, vines and trees to choose from. For more information, go to WaterSmartSD.org. -
Some Observations on the Nature of Papyrus Bonding
]. Ethnobiol. 11(2):193-202 Winter 1991 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAPYRUS BONDING PETER E. SCORA Moreno Valley, CA 92360 and RAINER W. SCORA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT.-Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was a multi-use plant in ancient Egypt. Its main use, however, was for the production of laminated leaves which served as writing material in the Mediterranean world for almost 5000 years. Being a royal monopoly, the manufacturing process was kept secret. PI~us Secundus, who first described this process, is unclear as to the adhesive forces bonding the individual papyrus strips together. Various authors of the past century advanced their own interpretation on bonding. The present authors believe that the natural juices of the papyrus strip are sufficient to bond the individual strips into a sheet, and that any additional paste used was for the sole purpose of pasting the individual dried papyrus sheets into a scroll. RESUMEN.-EI papiro (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) fue una planta de uso multiple en el antiguo Egipto. Su uso principal era la produccion de hojas lami nadas que sirvieron como material de escritura en el mundo meditarraneo durante casi 5000 anos. Siendo un monopolio real, el proceso de manufactura se mantema en secreto. Plinius Secundus, quien describio este proceso por primera vez, no deja claro que fuerzas adhesivas mantenlan unidas las tiras individuales de papiro. Diversos autores del siglo pasado propusieron sus propias interpretaciones respecto a la adhesion. Consideramos que los jugos naturales de las tiras de papiro son suficientes para adherir las tiras individuales y formar una hoja, y que cual quier pegamento adicional se usa unicamente para unir las hojas secas individuales para formar un rollo. -
Thymelaeaceae)
Origin and diversification of the Australasian genera Pimelea and Thecanthes (Thymelaeaceae) by MOLEBOHENG CYNTHIA MOTS! Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Dr Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisors: Dr Barbara L. Rye Dr Vincent Savolainen JUNE 2009 AFFIDAVIT: MASTER'S AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi Full Name(s) and Surname ID Number 7808020422084 Student number 920108362 enrolled for the Qualification PhD Faculty _Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the thesis (minor dissertation/dissertation/thesis) is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the UJ to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever request such a certificate from the institution. Signed at _Johannesburg on this 31 of _July 2009 Signature Print name Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi STAMP COMMISSIONER OF OATHS Affidavit certified by a Commissioner of Oaths This affidavit cordons with the requirements of the JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND COMMISSIONERS OF OATHS ACT 16 OF 1963 and the applicable Regulations published in the GG GNR 1258 of 21 July 1972; GN 903 of 10 July 1998; GN 109 of 2 February 2001 as amended. -
Annual Report
Darwin Initiative Annual Report 1. Darwin Project Information Project Ref. Number 14-013 Project Title Community Management of NTFPs in Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Country(ies) Nepal UK Contractor WWF UK Partner Organisation(s) WWF Nepal Program Darwin Grant Value GBP 170,100 Start/End dates April 2005-March 2008 Reporting period and 1 April 2005-31 March 2006 annual report number Annual report 1 Project website Author(s), date Suresh K. Ghimire, Bal Krishna Nepal, Parag Bijukchhe, Yeshi Lama, Jennifer Headley & Ros Coles 23 May 2006 2. Project Background • Briefly describe the location and circumstances of the project and the problem that the project aims to address. Situated in the remote, north-east corner of Nepal, bordering Sikkim (India) and Tibet Autonomous Region (China), Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is characterized by great variations in elevation, climate, landscape, habitat, vegetation, and cultural diversity. Phyto-geographically, it forms the meeting ground of the Indo- Malaysian (S.E. Asian) and Sino-Japanese (E. Asian) floras. KCA has been declared as a “Gift to the Earth” in 1997. In 1998, WWF initiated the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area Project (KCAP) to conserve its rich biodiversity and promote community-based management of natural resources. About 1500 species of flowering plants have been documented thus far in KCA (Shrestha and Ghimire 1996), including over 150 species of non-timber forest products (Shrestha and Ghimire 1996; Sherpa 2001, Oli and Nepal 2003). NTFPs play an important role in supporting the livelihood of about 5000 people living in the four village development committees (VDCs) of Lelep, Tapethok, Yamphudin, and Walangchung Gola. -
Textile Printing
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, North Carolina, 27513 • Telephone (919) 678-2220 ISP 1004 TEXTILE PRINTING This report is sponsored by the Importer Support Program and written to address the technical needs of product sourcers. © 2003 Cotton Incorporated. All rights reserved; America’s Cotton Producers and Importers. INTRODUCTION The desire of adding color and design to textile materials is almost as old as mankind. Early civilizations used color and design to distinguish themselves and to set themselves apart from others. Textile printing is the most important and versatile of the techniques used to add design, color, and specialty to textile fabrics. It can be thought of as the coloring technique that combines art, engineering, and dyeing technology to produce textile product images that had previously only existed in the imagination of the textile designer. Textile printing can realistically be considered localized dyeing. In ancient times, man sought these designs and images mainly for clothing or apparel, but in today’s marketplace, textile printing is important for upholstery, domestics (sheets, towels, draperies), floor coverings, and numerous other uses. The exact origin of textile printing is difficult to determine. However, a number of early civilizations developed various techniques for imparting color and design to textile garments. Batik is a modern art form for developing unique dyed patterns on textile fabrics very similar to textile printing. Batik is characterized by unique patterns and color combinations as well as the appearance of fracture lines due to the cracking of the wax during the dyeing process. Batik is derived from the Japanese term, “Ambatik,” which means “dabbing,” “writing,” or “drawing.” In Egypt, records from 23-79 AD describe a hot wax technique similar to batik. -
GENERA REPRESENTED in THIS NUMBER Acer Amygdalus
GENERA REPRESENTED IN THIS NUMBER Page Page Acer 1925 Edgeworthia 1922 Amygdalus 1926, 1927 Gladiolus 1922 Buddleia 1921, 1927 Haematoxylum 1927 Cassia 1927 Musa 1922 Chamaedorea 1927 Quercus 1922 Citrus 1921 Veronica 1923 Crotalaria 1921, 1922 Notes and Comments The Favorita pear (S. P. I. No. 33207). 339. The Chilean strawberry as marketed in Colombia (Fragaria chiloensis). 340. A nitrogen * gathering shrub from the Comoro Islands {Psychotria bacteriophila). EXPLANATORY NOTE PLANT IMMIGRANTS is designed principally to call the attention of plant breeders and experimenters to the arrival of interesting plant material. It should not be viewed as an announcement of plants available for distribution, since most introductions have to be propagated before they can be sent to experimenters. This requires from one to three years, depending upon the nature of the plant and the quantity of live material received. As rapidly as stocks are available, the plants described in this circular will be included in the Annual List of Plant Introductions, which is sent to experimenters in late autumn. Introductions made for a special purpose (as for example to supply Department and other specialists with material needed in their experiments) are not propagated by this Office and will not appear in the Annual List. Descriptions appearing here are revised and later published in the Inventory of Seed,s and Plants Imported, -the permanent record of plant in- troductions made by this Office. Plant breeders and experimenters who desire plants not available in this country are invited to correspond with this Office which will endeavor to secure the required material through its agricultural ex- plorers, foreign collaborators, or correspondents. -
Paper Mulberry
Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera Steve Csurhes First published 2012 Updated 2016 Invasive species risk assessment: Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera 2 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 5 Identity and taxonomy 5 Description 5 Reproduction and dispersal 6 Origin and distribution 6 Status in Queensland 7 Preferred habitat 8 History as a weed elsewhere 9 Uses 9 Pest potential in Queensland 10 References 11 Invasive species risk assessment: Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera 3 Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is a fast-growing tree native to Taiwan and Japan. Paper mulberry has a well-documented history as a significant pest overseas, especially in Pakistan, Uganda, Ghana and Argentina. Extensive naturalised populations exist in the eastern United States, parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America, and across the Pacific Currently, paper mulberry is sparingly naturalised in Queensland. Populations have been detected in Brisbane and coastal northern Queensland. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it seems reasonable to predict that paper mulberry could develop into a significant problem in subtropical coastal and subcoastal areas of Queensland. Within these areas, habitats most at risk are predicted to include riparian areas; semi-deciduous vine thickets/dry rainforest; closed forest margins/gaps; and disturbed, open sites, generally where there is relatively well-drained, fertile soil. In these habitats, paper mulberry could form dense thickets, perhaps replacing native vegetation and interfering with natural succession. If planted on grazing land, these thickets could replace pasture grasses. It is not expected to impact crops. Its pollen can cause significant allergy problems. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Dil Limbu.Pmd
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 87-96 A Checklist of Angiospermic Flora of Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale, Eastern Nepal Dilkumar Limbu1, Madan Koirala2 and Zhanhuan Shang3 1Central Campus of Technology Tribhuvan University, Hattisar, Dharan 2Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 3International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management Lanzhou University, China e-mail:[email protected] Abstract Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale (TMJ) area, the largest Rhododendron arboreum forest in the world, an emerging tourist area and located North-East part of Nepal. A total of 326 species belonging to 83 families and 219 genera of angiospermic plants have been documented from this area. The largest families are Ericaceae (36 species) and Asteraceae (22 genera). Similarly, the largest and dominant genus was Rhododendron (26 species) in the area. There were 178 herbs, 67 shrubs, 62 trees, 15 climbers and other 4 species of sub-alpine and temperate plants. The paper has attempted to list the plants with their habits and habitats. Key words: alpine, angiospermic flora, conservation, rhododendron Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale Introduction determines overall biodiversity and development The area of Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale (TMJ) falls under the activities. With the increasing altitude, temperature middle Himalaya ranging from 1700 m asl to 5000 m asl, is decreased and consequently different climatic and geographically lies between 2706’57" to 27030’28" zones within a sort vertical distance are found. The north latitude and 87019’46" to 87038’14" east precipitation varies from 1000 to 2400 mm, and the 2 longitude. It covers an area of more than 585 km of average is about 1650 mm over the TMJ region. -
Broussonetia Papyrifera Moraceae (L.) Vent
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Moraceae paper mulberry LOCAL NAMES Burmese (malaing); English (paper mulberry tree,paper mulberry); French (mûrier à papier,murier a papier); German (papiermaulbeerbaum); Hindi (kachnar); Indonesian (saeh); Italian (gelso papirifero del giappone,moro della China); Japanese (aka,kodzu,kename kowso,pokasa,aka kowso); Portuguese (amoreira do papel); Spanish (morera de papel); Tongan (hiapo); Trade name (paper mulberry) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION B. papyrifera is a small tree or shrub which grows naturally in Asian and Male inflorescences (Gerald D. Carr, pacific countries (Thailand, China, Myanmar, Laos, Japan, Korea). It University of Hawaii, grows to 21 m high and 70 cm dbh, with a round and spreading crown. www.forestryimages.org) The spreading, grey-brown branches, marked with stipular scars are brittle, making it susceptible to wind damage. The bark is light grey, smooth, with shallow fissures or ridges. Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, mulberry-like and papery. Some leaves are distinctly deep lobed, while others are un-lobed and several different shapes of leaves may appear on the same shoot. Petioles are 3-10 cm long while stipules are 1.6-2.0 cm long. Male flower 3.5-7.5 cm long, yellowish-white, with pendulous catkin-like spikes; perianth campanulate, hairy, 4-fid, and its segments are valvate. Habit at Keanae Arboretum Maui, Hawaii (Forest & Kim Starr) Female flowers in rounded clusters, globose pedunculate heads about 1.3 cm in diameter; persistent, hairy, clavate bracts subtend flowers. Fruit shiny-reddish, fleshy, globose and compound with the achenes 1-2 cm long and wide hanging on long fleshy stalks. -
Phenology of Ficus Variegata in a Seasonal Wet Tropical Forest At
Joumalof Biogeography (I1996) 23, 467-475 Phenologyof Ficusvariegata in a seasonalwet tropicalforest at Cape Tribulation,Australia HUGH SPENCER', GEORGE WEIBLENI 2* AND BRIGITTA FLICK' 'Cape TribulationResearch Station, Private Mail Bag5, Cape Tribulationvia Mossman,Queensland 4873, Australiaand 2 The Harvard UniversityHerbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue,Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Abstract. We studiedthe phenologyof 198 maturetrees dioecious species, female and male trees initiatedtheir of the dioecious figFicus variegataBlume (Moraceae) in a maximalfig crops at differenttimes and floweringwas to seasonally wet tropical rain forestat Cape Tribulation, some extentsynchronized within sexes. Fig productionin Australia, from March 1988 to February 1993. Leaf the female (seed-producing)trees was typicallyconfined productionwas highlyseasonal and correlatedwith rainfall. to the wet season. Male (wasp-producing)trees were less Treeswere annually deciduous, with a pronouncedleaf drop synchronizedthan femaletrees but reacheda peak level of and a pulse of new growthduring the August-September figproduction in the monthsprior to the onset of female drought. At the population level, figs were produced figproduction. Male treeswere also morelikely to produce continuallythroughout the study but there were pronounced figscontinually. Asynchrony among male figcrops during annual cyclesin figabundance. Figs were least abundant the dry season could maintainthe pollinatorpopulation duringthe early dry period (June-September)and most under adverseconditions -
Buddhism: Miami University Libraries Walter Havighurst an Exhibit Special Collections 321 King Library in Honor
Buddhism: Miami University Libraries Walter Havighurst An Exhibit Special Collections 321 King Library in Honor http://spec.lib.muohio.edu of the Dalai 513.529.3323 Lama’s Visit The Teachings of the Buddha with his servant Channa. There for the first time he encounters people who are suffering: an old man who is crippled, another This is an introduction to the life of the Buddha and the origins who is sick, and then one who has died. In each case Channa of Buddhism. The books on exhibit and the illustrations used are explains that this is what happens to everyone eventually. Seeing from children’s books in the Library’s Instructional Materials this suffering had a profound effect on Siddhartha. Finally they Center. encounter an ascetic. Channa explains that the monk is seeking truth. Siddhartha What is Buddhism? realizes that he too must search for the truth, for he will never be satisfied Buddhism is the religion that has developed over the centuries until he can find a cure for the around the teachings, ethics and practices of the historical suffering that all people experience. Buddha and his followers. Siddhartha left his father’s Buddha lived sometime during the period from the sixth through palace and wandered the forest, the fourth centuries BCE. Historical facts about the early life studying with one teacher of the Buddha are vague but tradition and legend tell us that after another. After learning the Buddha was born to a King, and thus to a life of privilege. all that his various teachers Buddha’s personal name was Siddhartha.