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Glulam Sizes and Shapes Can Help Desigggners Meet Their Most Demanding Architectural and Structural Requirements Using Numerous Innovative Design Examples

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Glulam Sizes and Shapes Can Help Desigggners Meet Their Most Demanding Architectural and Structural Requirements Using Numerous Innovative Design Examples WoodWorks Webinar “The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The Decem ber 11, 2013 AmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to Glued Laminated Timber – An AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA Innovative and Versatile members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This p rog ra m is r egiste r ed wi th AIA/CES foocotr continu in gpoessoag professional Engineered Wood Composite education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any Product material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Tom Williamson, P.E. Timber Engineering LLC QQp,,uestions related to specific materials, methods, and services will FASCE, FSEI be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Retired Vice President, APA FEtiVPAITCFormer Executive VP, AITC Learning Objectives 1. To illustrate how the flexibility of glulam sizes and shapes can help desigggners meet their most demanding architectural and structural requirements using numerous innovative design examples. Copyright Materials 2. To familiarize designers with how to properly select and specify glulam incorporating relevant industry standards and codes. This presentation is protected by US and 3. To provide design professionals with an overview of key design International Copyright laws. Reproduction, considerations that must be considered to ensure both the structural distribution, display and use of the presentation performance and long-term durability of glulam structures. without written permission of the speaker is 4. To acquaint designers with the unique fire resistive characteristics of prohibited. glulam as it influences the use of wood in commercial building construction. © The Wood Products Council 2012 ~GGnf h GGnGsG{ Glulam = a structural composite of Lumber Laminations lumber and adhesives Glue Lines Natural Wood Characteristics End Joints nGˀ vGGGvGnG vG|UzUGnGz lG~Gj jGGX`Z[ USDA Forest 120 years of use worldwide Products Lab High School in Wisconsin pGhGGn lGl High degree of engineering efficiency compared to sawn timber y y c Glulam quen e MSR lumber e Fr v Visually graded Relati lblumber Material Property Values kGGzG yGj pGhGGn High degree of engineering efficiency compared to sawn timber Single Lamination Highly efficient use of wood resource from managed forests Glued Laminated Timber tGsGx G pGhGGn pGpTzGzG High degree of engineering efficiency compared to sawn timber Highly efficient use of wood resource compared to sawn timber Large dimensions possible zGGXWWGGG sGjGzGhGw 21” x27x 27” x110x 110’ Note multiple pieces positioned side by s ide These pieces are not typically edge bonded but there is no reduction in stress values when the load is applied perpendicu lar to the wide face |G} GG pGhGGn zGGz High degree of engineering efficiency compared to sawn timber Highly efficient use of wood resource compared to sawn timber Large dimensions possible Vir tuall y unli mit ed versatilit y i n shapes and spans pGhGGn uGhGGn High degree of engineering efficiency compared to sawn timber Highly efficient use of wood resource compared to sawn timber Large dimensions possible Virtually unlimited versatility in shapes and spans NlhiNatural aesthetic appearance of fd wood nGGl Gm GG pGhGGn zGGn Higggh degree of eng ineering Produced from small dimension lumber harvested efficiency compared to sawn timber from managed and sustainable forests Timber resource utilization Highly efficient use of wood resource optim ized usi ng a wid e range compared to sawn timber of lumber grades Large dimensions possible Uses a wide variety of species Smaller sections required due Virtually unlimited versatility in shapes to higher strengths and spans Manufacturing involves low Natural aesthetic appearance of wood energy use process Uses low formaldehyde Environmentally friendly (green) emitting adhesives Glulam = Green m aGGjhyi nGtGw Composite Wood Products Exempt Products End (CARB definition) Material Pre-glue Joint Preparation Layypup Hardwood plywood Structural plywood ( PS1) Bonding Particleboard Structural panels (PS2) Medium density fiberboard Structural composite lumber (ASTM D5456) Must meet threshold emission Oriented strand board (PS2) Face standards Prefabricated wood I-joists Finish Quality (ASTM D5055) Bonding based on ASTM E1333 Marking Verification Structural glued laminated and Shipping timber (()ANSI A190.1) Curing sGzG| }GsGn Traditional softwoods Douglas Fir & Southern Pine Other soft wood s Spruce/Pine/Fir and Hem-Fir Naturally durable softwoods Alaska Yellow Cedar Port Orford Cedar Hardwoods Mixed species layups lTyGsGn zGw nGkG}G Recent changes have resulted in a reduction of Southern pine dimension lumber design values for No. 2 Dense and lower grades Questions raised about this affecting the design values for glulam using Southern pine lblumber Due to the unique grading provisions applied to lumber used in glulam manufacturing these changes have not affected the glulam values Information provided in a white paper on the APA web site nGhGz mGG}GhG Adhesives used for glulam must meet: Appearance Classifications ASTM D2559 for Exterior-Use Framing – Intended for concealed applications and is typically available in 3-1/2” & 5-1/2” widths to match dimensions of 2x4 and 2x6 framing lumber Industrial –Intended for concealed applications or whitfiithere appearance is not of primary importance ASTM D7247 for heat durability Architectural – Used where members are exposed to view and an attractive finish is desired Premium – Available only as a custom order where appearance is of primary importance Strength is not impacted by appearance classifications nGtGz x G{ huzpGhX`WUXTYWXY Specifies product qualification and quality assurance requirements Third-party inspection by an approved agency is required on an on-going basis APA Building codes require all glulam to bear a trademark UNBALANCED ARCH 24F-V3 APA Y117 SP meeting ANSI A190 . 1-2012 PLANT 0000 ANSI A190.1-2012 iGnGkG tG{ j Tfb/ldlitiType of member / load application Column Truss member Arch Simple span beam Cantilever span beam nGs T| zGnGs Y[mGiGt 302-24 T.L. No. 2D No. 1 Tension No. 2 Compression Zone No. 2 No. 2 Zone Same lumber grade and species used No. 3 Inner Zone No. 3 Inner Zone throughout Primarily for use in axially loaded No. 2 No. 2 members, such No. 1 Tension No. 1 Tension as columns and 302-24 T.L. Zone 302-24 T.L. Zone truss chords Balanced Unbalanced sGv pGGhGv Y Typical use Design Properties for 24F-V4 layup X-X major axis X Major Axis (X-X) Minor Axis (Y-Y) Fb = 2, 400 psi Fb = 1, 500 psi E = 1,800,000 psi E = 1,600,000 psi X X Y Y F F E E X bx by x y Y-Y major axis Y Fvx Fvy FcAx FcAy + - Fbx Fbx iGnGkG hz{tGGkZ^Z^ j Analyyptical procedure based Tfb/ldlitiType of member / load application on the growth characteristics of lumber (knots, slope of Determination of allowable design grain and density) stresses / layup selection Standardized analysis procedures to generate all major design properties Allows manufacturers to use comppputer models developed by AITC and APA to optimize available resources to achieve high end performance hz{tGGk^Z[XG mGzGnGiG{ Empirical method based The U.S. has the largest on full-scale glulam combined full scale performance tests in glulam beam database in combinati on with or the world without modeling 8-3/4”x 48”x 64 ft zGGkGw ukzGzGj ukzGzG 1. Sawn Lumber Gradinggg Agencies Stress Classes Created for Simplicity 2. Species Combinations 3. Section Properties 4. Design Values • Lumber and Timber • Non-North American Sawn Lumber • Structural Glued Laminated Timber • MSR and MEL zGGkG} |zGnGz p GzGVGpjjGj jGz 24F-V8/DF balanced 24F- V4/DF un bal anced ANSI 117 Design Specification Allowable Design V = visually Assigned Stress: graded Wood combination APA ICC-ESR Code 24F = 2,400 psi E = mechanically species number Report 1940 30F = 3,000 psi graded Glulam standards are referenced in the 30F-E2/SP IBC and IRC codes lTyGzGwGs nGkGz ZWmGˀ lYGiGGzGGn Most common glulam beams are rated at: 5% 302-30 2. 3E Fb = 3000 psi 6 5% No. 1D 2.3E Fb = 2,400 psi E = 1.8 x 10 psi Fv = 300 psi 15% No. 1D 2.0E E = 2,100,000 psi Higher design stresses also possible: Southern Pine Limited to nominal 6 Fb = 3,000 psi E = 2.1 x10 psi 6 inch width or less No. 2M unless manufacturer LVL hybrid qualifies for wider widths 6 Fb = 3, 000 ps i E = 212.1 x10 psi bdflllbased on full scale 15% No. 1D 2.0E testing Note: E values for glulam are apparent E and include allowance for 5% No. 1D 2.3E shear d efl ecti on t o si mplif y de flecti on cal cul ati ons. Oth er prod uct s may publish shear free E values which are 5 % higher. 5% 302-30 2.3E s}sGo GnGGs}sG iGnGkG vGs j Full length with no LVL Laminations Tfb/ldlitiType of member / load application finger joints required Top and Bottom LVL has greater Determination of allowable design tensile strength stresses / layup selection compared to lumber Structural analysis 30F-2.1E stress level achieved Direct substitute for products such as LVL and PSL nGkaGukz nGkaGukz 1 General Requirements for Building Design 2 Design Values for Structural Members 3 Design Provisions and Equations 4 Sawn Lumber Includes both 5 Structural Glued Laminated Timber 6 Round Timber Poles and Piles Allowable Stress 7 Prefabricated
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